session 60 ulf sandberg
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
MIRIAM
Mätmetoder och vägyteegenskaper relaterade till rullmotstånd
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Av Ulf Sandberg
Statens väg- och transportforskningsinsititut (VTI)
Föredrag vid Transportforum 2011 i Linköping
13 januari 2011
Foto av Ulf Sandberg
över Connecticut Ave
Washington, DC
MIRIAM
What is MIRIAM?
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Project started in 2009, now with 11 partners from Europe, and 2 from USA
Pooled, internal funding (so far)
Aims at providing a sustainable, environmentally friendly road infrastructure …….
by reducing rolling resistance – hence lowering CO2 emissions and increasing energy efficiency
MIRIAM
Models for rolling resistance In Road Infrastructure Asset Management
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„Tire Technology Expo 2006”7, 8, 9 March 2006, Stuttgart, Germany
What is rolling resistance?What is rolling resistance?
Load Arm axle
CR = Pf/Fz = tg
Direction of travel
Pf
Fz
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Rullmotståndskoefficient = ~ 0,5 – 1,5 %
Phase 1: 2010-2011 Sub-projects
1 Measurement methods and source model(s) (Leader: VTI, Sweden)
2 Influence of pavement characteristics on energy efficiency(Leader: AIT, Austria)
3 Importance of Rolling Resistance on efficiency within an LCA framework (Leader: UC Davis, USA)
4 Constraints / Requirements to implementation in Asset Management and LCA systems (Leader: DRI, Denmark)
5 External funding and raising awareness(Leader: DRI, Denmark)
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SP 1 justification
SP 1 will provide the data on rolling resistance (RR), as part of road surface properties in general, which forms the foundation on which MIRIAM is based
If the RR data are inaccurate, insufficient or not representative, the entire project will fail
It follows that the methods and equipment used to collect RR data must be relevant and correct
In order not to start from scratch, SP 1 shall start by compiling present knowledge and experience (State-of-the-Art)
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SP 1 partners
Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)
Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT)
Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC)
Danish Road Institute (DRI)
Federal Highway Research Institute, Germany (BASt)
Technical University of Gdansk, Poland (TUG)
Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l'aménagement et des réseaux (IFSTTAR) (= previously LCPC and INRETS)
University of California at Davis, Pavement Research Center (UCPRC), USA
(Nokian Tyres, Finland)MIRIAM
Models for rolling resistance In Road Infrastructure Asset Management
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Models for rolling resistance In Road Infrastructure Asset Management
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22Description of work 2010-2011
1 Terminology and definitions related to rolling resistance (incl
discussion about what energy losses that should be considered as part of RR )
2 State-of-the-Art report: measurement of rolling resistance
3 Experimental work (see next page)
4 Production of a testing programme (for collection of RR data of road surfaces)
5 Using data to model the RR properties versus basic road surface characteristics (such as texture, unevenness, etc)
But most work spent producing a project plan for an EU project
MIRIAM
Models for rolling resistance In Road Infrastructure Asset Management
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22Measurement methods and equipment
Four main methods in our work:
Rolling resistance: Measurement on drum (ISO 18164)
Fuel consumption: Measurement with instrumented car
Rolling resistance: Measurement with test tyre on trailer
Rolling resistance: Coast-down with car or truck
Measurement of rolling resistance according to ISO 18164
…. intended mainly for tyre testing
Facility at the Technical University of Gdansk (TUG),
Poland
Drum surfaces(ISO assumes only steel or sandpaper surfaces)
Chip seal (surface dressing) max 12 mm aggr
Sand paper (”Safety Walk”)
New RR facility recently constructed at TUGdesigned for truck tyres
Ready for use in 2011
2.5 m
Trailer constructed at TUG used for measurements at VTI in Sweden
Technical University of Gdansk
Somewhat similar but less advanced trailers exist at BRRC and BASt
Bränsleförbrukning och utrullning
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22Problems to be solved
1 Select and define reference tyres for road surface studies
2 Consider the relevance of the existing drum surfaces and needed supplementary surface
3 Effect of drum curvature
4 Effect of temperature
5 Effect of speed
6 Effect of tyre load and tyre inflation
7 Stable calibration
8 Avoid disturbing effects of road gradient, curves and wind
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22Experimental activities in 2011
MEASUREMENT METHODS
• Repeatability of RR measurements on drums, and with trailers
• Minimum test length, and min. number of runs needed for a certain accuracy
• Speed influence on RR measurements
• Drum curvature influence on RR measurements
• Study regarding reference tyres that should be used for road surface RR classification
• Study on calibration issues and effects of tyre inflation and inflation medium
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22 Source model development
• Model describing RR as a function of basic surface properties, such as macrotexture (MPD), megatexture, unevenness (IRI), etc.
• Why? RR is extremely difficult to measure directly. It is better to use existing data of the road networks and calculate the RR effects
• MPD, IRI and some other parameters are already collected by many road authorities
• But we will also attempt to assign typical RR values for major pavement types and conditions
www.vti.se
ECRPD – Influence of IRI and MPD on RR
Increases in car RR based on ECRPD results for the same changes in IRI and MPD as used in (Sandberg, 1997):
at speed of 54 km/h: - IRI: increase in RR by 19 % - IRI: increase in RR by 19 % - MPD: increase in RR by 46 %MPD: increase in RR by 46 %
at speed of 90 km/h: - IRI: increase in RR by 48 % - IRI: increase in RR by 48 % - MPD: increase in RR by 72 % - MPD: increase in RR by 72 %
The results for MPD at 90 km/h fit perfectly the trailer RR results !
Results of coast-down measurements on 34 test sections
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Specification of methods perhaps to become draft standards
Rolling resistance: Measurement on drum (ISO 18164)
Fuel consumption: Measurement with instrumented car
Rolling resistance: Measurement with test tyre on trailer
Rolling resistance: Coast-down with car or truck
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22EU FP 7 projekt?Ansökan inlämnad
Budget: 32 milj kr 4 år
y = 0,0017x + 0,0087R2 = 0,7604
y = 0,002x + 0,0098R2 = 0,9466
y = 0,0017x + 0,0121
y = 0,0016x + 0,0079R2 = 0,7712
0,0060
0,0070
0,0080
0,0090
0,0100
0,0110
0,0120
0,0130
0,0140
0,0150
0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00
MPD [mm]
RR
C f
or
aver
age
tyre
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22 Examples of already collected data
Results of all RR measurements in 2009 by TUG/VTIAverage for 3 tyres, normalized to 80 km/h
22 Examples of already collected dataResults of RR measurements in 2010 by TUG/VTI
Average for 3 tyres, and of 50 and 80 km/h (Sites RV13+E22)
y = 0,1623x + 0,8801
R2 = 0,7707
0,920
0,940
0,960
0,980
1,000
1,020
1,040
1,060
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
MPD [mm]
RR
[%
]
ABS16
ABS11
ABT11
ABT8
ABS8
y = 0,0017x + 0,0087R2 = 0,7604
y = 0,002x + 0,0098R2 = 0,9466
y = 0,0017x + 0,0121
y = 0,0016x + 0,0079R2 = 0,7712
0,0060
0,0070
0,0080
0,0090
0,0100
0,0110
0,0120
0,0130
0,0140
0,0150
0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00
MPD [mm]
RR
C f
or
aver
age
tyre
MIRIAM
Models for rolling resistance In Road Infrastructure Asset Management
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22 Examples of already collected data
Results of all RR measurements in 2009 by TUG/VTIAverage for 3 tyres, normalized to 80 km/h
+ 30 % for worst vs best roads
Measurements 2010 (RV13+E22)
MIRIAM
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THE END