session 68 sigurdur erlingsson
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Vattnets inverkan på vägars nedbrytning
Sigurdur Erlingsson
Transportforum8-9 Januari, Linköping, 2009
Outline
• Cost Action 351 – Watmove
• Field observation
• HVS – SE06
• Conclusion
Cost Action 351 - WATMOVE
Water Movements in Road Pavements and Embankments • Homepage: www.watmove.org
– Water In Pavements - WIP'05 Presentations– Water In Pavements - WIP'06 Presentations
• Text book (Springer 2009)– WATER IN ROAD STRUCTURES
Movement, Drainage & EffectsDawson, A (Ed.)
http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences/hydrogeology/book/978-1-4020-8561-1
The book1 Introduction2 Water Flow Theory for Saturated and Unsaturated Pavement Material 3 Measurement Techniques for Water Flow4 Heat Transfer in Soils5 Water in Pavement Surfacing6 Sources of Fate of Water Contaminants in Roads7 Contaminant Sampling and Analysis8 Water Influences on Bearing Capacity and Pavement Performance: Field
Observations9 Water Influence on Mechanical Behaviour of Pavements: Constitutive
Modelling10 Water Influence on Mechanical Behaviour of Pavements: Experimental
Investigation11 Modelling Coupled Mechanics, Moisture and Heat in Pavement
Structures12 Pollution Mitigation13 Control of Pavement Water and Pollution Prevention
A moisture monitoring program
Unfrozen moistureduring winter
0
5
10
15
201/
10/9
9
31/1
0/99
1/12
/99
31/1
2/99
31/1
/00
1/3/
00
1/4/
00
Gra
vim
etri
c m
oist
ure
cont
. [%
]
Winter thaw
Unfrozen moistureduring winter
Spring thaw
Non-frost
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
1/10
/99
1/11
/99
1/12
/99
1/1/
00
1/2/
00
1/3/
00
1/4/
00
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
] Grundartangi
Moisture variation with depth and time
Subgrade
Subbase
Base course
March, 15th 2002
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
15.3
.02
31.3
.02
16.4
.02
2.5.
02
18.5
.02
3.6.
02
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Air temperature
FWD backcalculations StiffnessesBase Course - Depth 0 - 20 cm
100
1000
10000
100000
1.jan 31.jan 2.mar 1.apr 1.maí 31.maí 30.jún 30.júl 29.ágú
E1 [M
Pa]
Subbase - Depth 20 - 60 cm
100
1000
10000
100000
1.jan 31.jan 2.mar 1.apr 1.maí 31.maí 30.jún 30.júl 29.ágú
E2[M
Pa]
FWD results & grav. moisture in 1999Section 1.4.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
1/3/
99
1/4/
99
1/5/
99
1/6/
99
1/7/
99
1/8/
99
Gra
vim
etri
c m
oist
ure
cont
. [%
]
0
100
200
300
400
500
Mod
uli,
Mr [
MPa
]
Moisture in base course 2, d = 15 cmMoisture in subbase 1, d = 25 cmMoisture in subbase 2, d = 45 cmStiffness of base & subbaseStiffness of subgrade
The APT device - The HVS Nordic
Technical SpecificationsTest wheel: Dual or single wheelLoad range: 30 – 110 kNCapacity: 150 000 passages/weekLoading direction: single or bi-directionalMax speed: 12 km/hLateral wander: 0 – 0.7 mPavement temp: 0 – 30°CPower: Diesel or electricity
The HVS Nordic is a mobile APT test facility.
The Test Hall
The instrumented test structures – SE06
Depth [cm]
Asphalt Concrete Bituminous Base
Granular Base Course
Granular Subbase
Subgrade, sand
0.0 4.8
10.1
20.9
35.1
Instrumentation
Pressure cell
Horizontal strain, longitudinal
Horizontal strain, transversal
Vertical strain
Vertical deflection
3 x 3 Pressure cells3 x 4 Vertical strain gauges4 x 2 Horizontal strains gauges1 x 3 Deflection sensors
Test procedure
300 cm
35 cm
Depth [cm]
Asphalt Concrete Bituminous Base
Granular Base Course
Granular Subbase
Subgrade, sand
0.0 4.8
10.1
20.9
35.1
30 cm
30 cm gwt
The Response Measurements
Depth [cm]
Asphalt Concrete Bituminous Base
Granular Base Course
Granular Subbase
Subgrade, sand
0.0 4.8
10.1
20.9
35.1
gwt
65.1
30 cm
0
50
100
150
200
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of load repetitions, N
Vert
ical
str
ess,
σv [
kPa]
SPC-214 d = 17.5 cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of load repetitions, N
Vert
ical
str
ess,
σv [
kPa]
SPC-215 d = 44.0 cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of load repetitions, N
Vert
ical
str
ess,
σv [
kPa]
SPC-218 d = 60.0 cm
0.0000
0.0010
0.0020
0.0030
0.0040
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of load repetitions, N
Vert
ical
str
ain,
εv [
-] Z-35 d = 10.1/20.7
0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of load repetitions, N
Vert
ical
str
ain,
εv [
-]
Z-38 d = 20.7/35.3
0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of load repetitions, N
Vert
ical
str
ain,
εv [
-] Z-29 d = 35.3/50.5
0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of load repetitions, N
Vert
ical
str
ain,
εv [
-] Z-30 d = 50.5/65.5
Response – Numerical simulation
Depth [cm]
Asphalt Concrete Bituminous Base
Granular Base Course
Granular Subbase
Subgrade, sand
0.0 4.8
10.1
20.9
35.1
gwt
65.1
30 cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800Stress σz [kPa]
Dep
th [c
m]
Calculated, dryCalculated, wetMeasurements, wetMeasurements, dry
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-0.001 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003
Vertical strain εz [-]
Dep
th [c
m]
Calculations, dryCalculation, wetMeasurements, dryMeasurement, wet
Permanent deformation prediction
Depth [cm]
Asphalt Concrete Bituminous Base
Granular Base Course
Granular Subbase
Subgrade, sand
0.0 4.8
10.1
20.9
35.1
gwt
65.1
30 cm
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000
Number of passes, N
Per
man
ent d
efor
mat
ion,
δ [m
m]
Sg measurementsSg calculations
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of passes, N
Per
man
ent d
efor
mat
ion,
δ [m
m] Sb measurements
Sb calculations
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000
Number of passes, N
Per
man
ent d
efor
mat
ion,
δ [m
m] BC measurements
BC calculations
0
5
10
15
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000Number of passes, N
Per
man
ent d
efor
mat
ion,
δ [m
m]
Rut measurementsRut calculations
Conclusions• Water influences the structural behaviour of pavements.
• A state of the art text book: Water in road structures –movement, drainage & effects has recently been published.
• More knowledge need to be established regarding how water affects the pavement structure.
• Water influence on pavement response and performance can be studies in field monitoring programs, lab experiments as well isfull scale testing.
• We need to take advantage of this to build up the knowledge of water impact on pavement structures.