Session No 2Reading Comprehension

Skills

ReadingO Reading is a complex task which

involves both decoding and comprehending the text

O Good readers are able to do both of these without much thought or effort, and they use strategies to help them.

Reading Comprehension

Reading comprehension refers to the ability to understand information presented in written form.

Types of Reading O SkimmingO ScanningO Extensive ReadingO Intensive Reading

What is skimming?

O A method of rapidly moving eyes over the text to cover a vast amount of material very rapidly.

Why skimming?O PrereadingO ReviewingO Reading for gistO Reading for main idea

How to skim?O Read the titleO Read the introductory/leading paragraphO Read the first paragraph completely O Sub-headings (relationships among them)O Read the first sentence of remaining paragraphsO Clue words (wh- words)O Unusual wordsO EnumerationsO Qualifying adjectives (best,worst,most)O Typographical cues (italics,boldface,underlining)O Read the final paragraph completely

What is scanning?

O A method to locate a specific fact or piece of information in a text.

Why Scanning?

We scan for finding a specificO nameO DateO StatisticsO fact

How to scan???O Keep in mind what you are searching

forO Anticipate the form of information

(numbers, proper nouns)O Analyze the organization of the

contentO If the material is lengthy, skim to

determine the part of the article to scan

O On finding relevant information, read the entire sentence.

Importance of Reading Comprehension Skills for

Academic and Professional success

Two Types of Reading Comprehensions

Concrete Abstract

O Knowing vocabularyO main ideaO fact or opinionO sequencingO following directionsO reading for details

It requires ability to answer questions when the information being asked is explicitly stated in the reading selection.

O Drawing inferenceO Making analysis O Involves text evaluation O drawing conclusionsO Studying cause and effect

O It requires the reader to draw on prior knowledge and processing to identify what is not explicitly stated.

Barriers to comprehension

Your Experiences !!!

Reasons for Lack of Reading Comprehension

O Failure to understand a word O Failure to understand a sentence O Failure to understand how sentences

relate to one another O Failure to understand how the

information fits together in a meaningful way (organization)

O Lack of interest or concentrationO Failure to retain information for a long

time

Effective reading is about making connections…

Making ConnectionsO Making connections helps facilitate learning

and increase retention

O It also enables the reader to make inferences by using their background information to see patterns and make educated guesses about the text

O It is helpful for a reader to track his or her thoughts while readings.

O There are three common connections readers make

Text-to-SelfText-to-Text

Text-to-World

O Students need to practice using connectors (ex: “This part reminds me of…” or “If that happened to me I would…”

Common Comprehension Strategies

O These are some main strategies readers should use to improve their comprehension:O PredictingO ClarifyingO Making InferencesO SummarizingO QuestioningO VisualizingO Self-Monitoring

How to avoid common issues during reading

How to Improve Concentrationduring Reading

O Use index cards, pencil, or fingerO Eliminate DistractionsO Fix a time for reading every dayO Be task oriented (Give your mind a

purpose to read)O Read for short intervals O Take notes while readingO 60 second synopsis strategy

How to Increase Reading Rate

O It takes conscious effort to improve reading rate fluency. One must become cognizant of the habits that reduce the rate of reading and then take steps to eliminate those habit.

Measuring Reading RateO To measure one's reading rate, locate appropriate reading

materials and select a section of text. Mark the beginning of the selection. Read for a certain length of time (use a timer or watch) or for a certain amount of text. Mark the end of the selection, and note the total number of minutes spent reading.

O Document the level of comprehension by recalling main ideas from the selection. If one reads for three minutes, one should remember three main points. If one reads for five minutes, one should remember five main ideas. Jot down these main points.

O Count the number of words between the two marks, and

divide that number by the number of minutes spent reading. This is the rate of reading, expressed in words per minute (WPM).

Increasing Reading RateO Set a target reading rate at a level slightly higher than the

initial reading rate. O Use reading materials that are easy and interesting. O Practice at least 15 minutes each day at the "pushed" rate.O Increase the target rate by small increments as reading

improves. O Progress may be charted on a daily grid that plots rate (WPM)

and time on the axes.O Document progress for at least two weeks. O Move your eyes faster over the text. O Instead of taking in three words per fixation, take in six words. O Follow the lines with your finger, pen, pencil, or a 3 x 5 index

card as you read. O Reduce regressions by raising awareness of them and by

improving concentration.

TWO GOOD READING STRATEGIES

1. SQ3R

2. Collaborative reading

A Good Strategy for Better Reading

SQ3R1. Survey2. Question3. Read4. Recite5. Review

Survey

Before you read, Survey the chapter:O the title, headings, and subheadings O captions under pictures, charts, graphs

or maps O review questions O introductory and concluding paragraphs O summary

QuestionO Question while you are surveying:O Turn the title, headings, and/or subheadings into

questions O Ask yourself,

"What do I already know about this subject?“ “How can I use this information?” “What is new for me in this text?” 

Read When you begin to Read:O Look for answers to the questions you first

raised O Answer questions at the beginning or end of

chapters or study guides O Reread captions under pictures, graphs, etc. O Note all the underlined, italicized, bold

printed words or phrases O Stop and reread parts which are not clear

ReciteO Recite after you have read a section:O Orally ask yourself questions about what you

have just read, or summarize, in your own words, what you read

O Take notes from the text but write the information in your own words

O Underline or highlight important points you've just read

Review

O After you have read and recited the entire chapter, write questions in the margins for those points you have highlighted or underlined.

O Orally recite or write the answers from memory.

O Try to discuss the findings with colleagues

Collaborative Reading Read the given text in group.

1. Member “A” will be responsible for explaining vocabulary

2. Member “B” will read the text loud and will explain it to the rest of the members

3. Member “C” will make 5 questions based on the information given in the text

4. Give a poster presentation based on your comprehension of the text.

Writing process

Thank you