session one: to · 2019-11-12 · canada from 2005 to 2011 • average income has increased for...
TRANSCRIPT
11/12/2019
SessionOne:
IndigenousNation‐BuildingRenaissance:
Keysto
Success
Let’sLookatTheWorldEconomicStageToday
Detroit:In2013filedformunicipalbankruptcy
• Owed$18‐20billion
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PuertoRico
FilesforthelargestU.S.municipalbankruptcy,usingspecialTitleIIIprocesssimilartoChapter9bankruptcyprovision
Owes$123billionindebtandpensionobligations
“PuertoRico's'unpayable'debt:isthistheGreeceofthewesternhemisphere?”
Hugebudgetdeficit,inflation,publicdebt,foodandsupply
shortages,corruption
Onlyhas$10billioninthecentralbank,withapopulationofabout32millionpeople
Venezuela
Greece
$326billionwasowedtotheInternationalMonetaryFund.
FirstdevelopedcountrytofailtomakeanIMFloanrepayment.
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Sweden,Finland,Denmark,&Norway
• LowLevelsofNationalDebt
• LowandStableInflation
• LowCrimeRate
• LongLifespanofthePeople
• LowChildMortalityRate
WhyisGreeceworseoffthantheseNordic
countries?
Greecestruckapreliminaryrescuedealwithitscreditorsbutalsoguaranteesyearsmorehardshipandsacrificeforitspeople.
$326billionwasowedtotheInternationalMonetaryFund
Whydidthishappen?
TheSituationWithGreece
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Ranked155outof183countriesininvestorprotection,Greecestrugglesto
stimulatedomesticinvestmentandattractforeigninvestors.
(WorldBankGroup,p.58)
Greeceisranked100outof183economiesfortheoveralleaseofdoing
business.(WorldBankGroup,p.7)
WHY?
Sweden,Finland,Denmark,&Norway
• LowLevelsofNationalDebt
• LowandStableInflation
• LowCrimeRate
• LongLifespanofthePeople
• LowChildMortalityRate WHY?
Becauseof…
NotOverspendingMoney SavingMoney GoodGovernance
ExcellentLegalStructure StableEconomicPolicies
InnovationandanOpenApproachToTrade PublicTrustinInstitutions
RuleofLaw LowCorruption
RegulatoryEfficiency HonestyandTransparencyinGovernment
InvestmentinEducation
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ResultsfromVariousDemographicFactors’EffectonOddsofAmericanIndiansbeingEmployed,Ages25‐54,2009‐2011
A.Austin,EPIBriefingPaper,“NativeAmericansandJobs:TheChallengeandthePromise”,EconomicPolicyInstitute,December17,2013.
HumanCapital Percentincrease/decreaseinoddsofemployment,relativeto
referencecategory
GED 50%
HighSchoolDiploma 108%
SomeCollege 192%
AssociateDegree 269%
Bachelor’sDegree 427%
AdvancedDegree 607%
58%
84%
77%
158%
180%
Withlessthanhighschool,employmentrateitis35%.
Withahighschooldegreeitis66%.
Withauniversitydegreetheemploymentrateis80%.
DavidBruce,AmandaMarlinandMaryBethDoucette,TheAtlanticAboriginalEconomicDevelopment,IntegratedResearchProgram,AAEDIRP,TheAtlanticAboriginalPost‐SecondaryLabour Force,December2010.Sharpeetal.(2007),Richards(2008)
ThePowerofEducationinAboriginalEmploymentinCanada
AQuickLookBackatFederalPolicyandIndigenousPeopleinNorthAmerica…
Before:
Wheredidwecomefrom?
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Status Chronology Distribution
InternationalSovereign c.1534… Militaryalliances,conflict,landacquisition
TheRoyalProclamation c.1763 Landacquisition;landsoldcouldonlybetransferthroughtheCrown
Law,Treaties,Land(andMilitaryExpansion) c.1764… Militaryalliances,conflict,landdispossession
CivilizingtheIndian,treaties,IndianAct c.1876‐1951
Reinforcedassimilationandenfranchisement–prohibitionofsecretceremonies,removalofpeoplefromreservesneartownsof8,000+people,expropriationoflandforpublicroads
IndianActamended c.1951‐1968FederalgovernmentdefinedIndianstatusandbandmembership;policyofassimilationmaintained:integrateintoCanadiansociety
WhitePapers 1969…ProposedtoabolishIndianAct;therejectionoflandclaims,andcontinuedassimilationofAboriginals.Itwasultimatelyrejected.
IndianActamendments c.1970…
Righttoequalityforwomen;Bandshadrightstodeterminemembershipandcreaterules;Bandshadgreaterpowertotaxlandinterestsontheirreserves;abolishedenfranchisement.
James BayandNorthernQuebec,Nunuvat andLabradorInuitLandClaims,Sect.35,Haida decision,Nisga’aFinalAgreementAct
c.1975,1982,1993,2000,2004,2005,
Moderndaytreaties,“recognizedandaffirm”Aboriginalrights,comprehensiveland
settlements,dutytoconsult,self‐government
SiouxValleyDakotaNationGovernanceAgreement c.2014
34th Self‐governinggroupinCanada;self‐rulemovement
AQuickHistoryOfFederalIndianPolicyInCanada
16
Now:Wherearewe?
FromSelf‐DeterminationTo
Nation‐(re)Building(RecoveryPeriod)
Let’sLookatHealthStatistics
intheCanada
Now:Wherearewe?
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DefinitionofInfantMortalityRate
Thedeathofaninfantatanytimefrombirthupto,butnotincluding,
thefirstyearoflife.
SignificanceofInfantMortalityRate
Theinfantmortalityrateisthe
singlemostcomprehensiveindicatorofthelevelofhealthinasociety.
Itmeasuresthewell‐beingofinfants,children,andtheirfamilies.
“FirstNationsinfants’mortalityrateistwiceashighastherestofCanada.ForInuitinfants,therateisfourtimes
higher.”
InfantMortalityRates,Canada
Dr.JanetSmylie,afamilyphysicianandresearchscientistatSt.Michael’sHospitalinToronto,2014
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InfantMortalityRate,StatusIndians,BritishColumbia,2013
StatusIndians8.12
FiveTopCausesofInfantDeaths,RegisteredFirstNations,WesternCanada,2001‐2002
ICD‐10Chapter
1. CertainConditionsOriginatinginthePerinatalPeriod
2. CongenitalMalformations,DeformationsandChromosomalAbnormalities
3. Symptoms,SignsAbnormalClinicalLaboratoryFindings
4. DiseaseofthetheRespiratorySystem
5. ExternalCausesofMorbidityandMortality
InfantMortalityRateComparison
CountriesSimilartoBritishColumbiaIndians(8.12)
Argentina– 9.8Grenada9.7Thailand9.2Ukraine– 8.00
PuertoRico– 7.40Russia– 6.8Chile– 6.6
BosniaandHerzegovina– 5.5
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Now – ComparisonBetweenBritishColumbiaIndiansandSimilarCountries
IndicatorsofHealth
BC Macedonia Lebanon Ukraine Cyprus CostaRica
InfantMortalityRate
8.12per1,000
7.90per1,000
7.98per1,000
8.10per1,000
8.10Per1,000
8.30per1,000
LifeExpectancy
Rate
76years
75years 79 years 71years
81years
80years
UnemploymentRate
47.8% 22.9% 6.8% 10.5% 11.0% 9.10%
InternationalReportCard
CountrieswiththeHighestInfantMortalityRate(2016)
1. Afghanistan– 112.80
2. Mali– 100.00
3. Somalia– 96.60
4. CentralAfricanRepublic– 88.40
5. Guinea‐Bissau– 87.50
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LeadingCausesofDeathofIndigenousPeople
intheCanadaandBritishColumbia
Now:Wherearewe?
1. ExternalInjury(accidentalpoisoning,vehicle accidents,andintentionalself‐harm)
2. Diseasesofthecirculatorysystem(hypertension, cardiovasculardisease)3. Neoplasms(varioustypesofcancer)
4. Respiratorydisease5. Disorderslinkedtoalcoholanddrugabuse
Suicideandself‐inflicted injuriesweretheleadingcausesofdeathforIndigenouspeoplebelow45years
ofage.
LeadingCausesofDeathAmongRegisteredFirstNations,2002,2016
1. MotorVehicleAccidents
2.AccidentalPoisoning
3.Suicides
4.IschemicHeartDisease
5.ChronicLiverDisease/Cirrhosis
LeadingCausesofDeathAmongStatusIndiansinBritishColumbia,2004
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SomeGoodNews!
Now:Wherearewe?
PositiveEconomicChangesforAboriginalsinCanadafrom2005to2011
• AverageincomehasincreasedforFirstNationslivingonreservesby$2,600to
$18,600in2010.
• UnemploymentforInuitdeclinedfrom20.3%in2006to19.5%in2011.
• Metis’hasclosedthegapinfiveyearswithnon‐aboriginalsby6.7percentagepointandreceivedonaverage$35,000inincomein
2010.
“Maybeashighas72%andforCanada,76%.”
Sharpeetalin AtlanticCanadainDavidBruce,AmandaMarlinandMaryBethDoucette,TheAtlanticAboriginalEconomicDevelopmentIntegratedResearchProgram,AAEDIRP,TheAtlanticAboriginalPost‐SecondaryLabour Force,December2010
AboriginalCanadiansintheAtlantic
EmploymentRateProjectionsfrom2001to2017
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66,100 Aboriginalindividualswithauniversitydegree:
65%werefemalecompared
to
54%forthenon‐Aboriginalpopulation.
AboriginalWomen(aged25‐64)2011
FactSheet‐ 2011NationalHouseholdSurveyAboriginalDemographics,EducationalAttainmentandLabourMarketOutcomes
AboriginalIncomeGrowthandImpactCanada
Aboriginalpeoplegeneratemorethan$32billiondollarsayearincombined
income– whichismorethanNewfoundlandandPrinceEdwards
combined.
AboriginalParticipationinEconomicOpportunitiesinCanada
1. ShipbuildingcontractsinNovaScotia
2. Constructionofthefirston‐reservecorrectionscenterinCanadaonOsoyoos IndianBandland
3. SecondlargestmallinCanadabuiltbytheTsawwassen FirstNation
4. Tsleil‐Waututh NationisaleaderinFirstNationdevelopment,withmultiplebusinesses,
partnershipsandstrategies,andmanagewealth.
5. MORE
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NATION‐BUILDINGOVERVIEW–
SomeStories
NATION‐BUILDING:STORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiBandofChoctawIndians
MississippiChoctaw
11/12/2019
ResultsProvidesover6,000permanent,full‐timejobsfortribalcitizensandothers(over50%ofitsworkforceisnon‐Indian)
Hasanannualpayrollofover$100million
OneofthetenlargestprivateemployersinMississippi
Tribalrevenueshavehelpedreinvestmorethan$500millionineconomicdevelopmentprojectsinMississippi
NATION‐BUILDING:STORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiBandofChoctawIndiansWinnebagoTribeofNebraska
WINNEBAGOTRIBEOFNEBRASKA
11/12/2019
http://www.allnativemanagedservices.com/
Results
Has24subsidiaries,includinghotels,gasolineretailingandwholesaling,groceryandconveniencestores,marketing,telecommunications,media,construction,etc.
Netrevenuerosefrom$600,000in1995(firstyearofoperation)toover$200million.
Unemploymentwas cutbymorethanhalfoverfirstfiveyears.Now,hasover1,000employees.
Hasgeneratedmore$126.6millioninwagesandsalaries
Hasbusinessesorpassiveinvestmentsin24statesand10foreigncountries.
Schoolenrollmenthasincreasedby32.5%
NATION‐BUILDING:STORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiChoctawWinnebagoTribeofNebraskaMembertou FirstNation(NovaScotia)
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MEMBERTOU
Membertou StrategicAlliances
Mi'kmaw Kina'matnewey
11/12/2019
Membertou ResultsThirdlargestemployerintheCapeBretonregionwithover700employeeswhosetotalsalariesexceed$15million
From$4millionbudgettoabudgetofover$112million,and,only13%comesfromtransferpayments.
Openeda$19millionMembertou SportsandWellnessCentreandanewshoppingcentre isplanned
Fromhighunemploymentto90%employment.Fromhighnumberofschooldropoutsto100%highschoolgraduationrate.
FirstIndigenousnationintheworldtoreceiveISO:9001‐2008certification
NATION‐BUILDING:STORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiChoctaw
WinnebagoTribe(Nebraska)
Membertou(NovaScotia)
OsoyoosIndianBand(BritishColumbia)
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OsoyoosIndianBandDevelopmentCorporation
NIK’MIP
ConstructionVineyards
Gas&ConvenienceStoresCampground&RVParkDesertCulturalCentre
CellarsDaycare
OliverRedi‐MixSpiritRidgeVineyardResort&Spa
MountBaldySkiCorporationSonoraDunesGolfCourse
CanyonDesertGolfCourseGolfCourse
Osoyoos IndianBand
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NK’MIPVINEYARDS
NK’MIPCELLARS
NorthAmerica’sfirstAboriginalownedand
operatedwinery
NK’MIPCORNER
BritishColumbia’slargestgasstationandconveniencestoreownedandoperatedbytheOsoyoos Indian
Band.
ResultsGeneratesmorerevenue($7.2million)thanitreceivesfromthefederalgovernment($4.5million).
Now,hasover700employeesNk’Mip Resortisa$100millionresort(accommodationsportion)
OkanaganlanguageisemployedthroughOsoyoosevenontrafficsigns
Nk’Mip CellarsconsideredthebestwineryinBritishColumbiaandsecondbestinCanada
Buildinga$193million,378cellprovincialprisonPlanningaplushclubandracetrackforcarenthusiasts
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NATION‐BUILDING:STORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiChoctaw
WinnebagoTribe(Nebraska)
Membertou(NovaScotia)
Osoyoos IndianBand(BritishColumbia)
CitizenPotawatomiNation(Oklahoma)
CitizenPotawatomiNationTribalHeadquarters,1971
TribalAssets:thistrailer,afewacresofland,$550inthebank
CitizenPotawatomiNationTribalHeadquarters,2015
TribalAssets:over$522.3millionStatewideEconomicImpact:$513.5millionEmployees:over2,400
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Results Hascreated7ofever10jobsinthecityofShawnee
Spends30centsofeverydollarspentinShawnee Broughtover$260millionfederaldollarstothestateofOklahoma
Contributedmorethan$5.4milliontomorethan175civicandcharitableorganizationsinShawnee
Providesover$70millioninwagesandbenefits HasanewMBAprogramforCitizenPotawatomiecitizens
CPNclinicsservemorethan70,000patientvisits Providesmorethan4,000collegescholarships
NATION‐BUILDING:SOMESTORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiChoctaw WinnebagoTribeofNebraska
Membertou(NovaScotia)
OsoyoosIndianBand(BritishColumbia)
CitizenPotawatomiNation(Oklahoma)
MeadowLakeTribalCouncil(Saskatchewan)
PrinceAlbertGrandCouncil(Saskatchewan)
WestWindAviation
Charterairservicewithaircraft,officesinStonyRapids,Saskatoon,LaRonge,andlocationsinnorthernSaskatchewan.Ownedby:
• AthabascaBasinDevelopment(65%)• PrinceAlbertGrandCouncil(22%)• Employees(23%)
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NATION‐BUILDING:SOMESTORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiChoctaw CochitiPueblo(NM) Membertou(NovaScotia)
OsoyoosIndianBand(BritishColumbia)
CitizenPotawatomiNation(Oklahoma)
Ktunaxa Nation(BritishColumbia)
MeadowLakeTribalCouncil(Saskatchewan)
PrinceAlbertGrandCouncil(Saskatchewan)
SouthernUteIndianTribe(Colorado)
SouthernUteIndianTribeGrowthFundHeadquartersandBusinesses
SouthernUteTribeofColorado
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SouthernUteTribePermanentFund
Funds the cost of the government activitiesand services. This endowment fund operatesseparately from the business and investmentactivities that are managed by the Tribe’sGrowth Fund.
The Fund invests energy royalties and profitsfrom the casino into securities, which fundgovernment and social services.
SouthernUteIndianTribeGrowthFund
OperatesandmanagestheTribe’sbusinessesandbusinessinvestments.Investsthemoneyintowhatisnowamyriadofcompaniesintheenergy,realestate
andprivateequitysectors.
Thatfundthendistributesdividendstotribalcitizensbetweentheagesof26and59,andpays
retirementbenefitstothoseover60.
Injustnineyears,thevalueoftheGrowthFund’sholdingshasgrown.Operationsandassetsarespread
outoverfourteenstatesandtheGulfofMexico.
SouthernUteTribalCouncil
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Results
• Retireat60yearsofage• Unemployment5‐7%• IncreaseuseofUtelanguage• Reducedsocialpathologies• AAAcreditrating• Tribes’networthisover$20billion• Reverseditssecond‐classcitizenstatus• Oneofthelargestemployersinthecountywithover1,500employees
But…WhatAbout…
…Big$GamingNativenationsandRecently
SuccessfulNativeNations
Results
• Retireat60yearsofage• Unemployment5‐7%• IncreaseuseofUtelanguage• Reducedsocialpathologies• AAA+creditrating• Tribes’networthisover$20billion• Reverseditssecond‐classcitizenstatus• Oneofthelargestemployersinthecountywithover1,500employees
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But…WhatAbout…
…Big$GamingNativenationsandRecently
SuccessfulNativeNations
MashantucketPequotNation(CT)
Thesearenation‐ownedenterprises.
Whataboutcitizenentrepreneursandthesmall‐
businesssector?
11/12/2019
NATION‐BUILDING:SOMESTORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiChoctaw WinnebagoofNebraska
Membertou(NovaScotia)
CitizenPotawatomiNation(Oklahoma)
MeadowLakeTribalCouncil(Saskatchewan)
PrinceAlbertGrandCouncil(Saskatchewan)
SouthernUteIndianTribeColorado)
PineRidgeAreaChamberofCommerce(SouthDakota)
NATIONBUILDING:SOMESTORIESFROMNORTHAMERICA
MississippiChoctaw WinnebagoofNebraska Membertou(NovaScotia)
CitizenPotawatomiNation(Oklahoma)
MeadowLakeTribalCouncil(Saskatchewan)
PrinceAlbertGrandCouncil(Saskatchewan)
SouthernUteIndianTribe PineRidgeAreaChamberofCommerce(SouthDakota)
FirstNationandAboriginalEntrepreneurs
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FirstAir– MakivikCorp.SilverSpringsCountry
andWellness WindigoCateringLTD.
Sowhatarethekeystomakingthesethingshappen—andmakingthemlast?
Federalgrants?
Agreatlocation?
Education?
Hugeinfluxofcapital?
Pickingtherightleaders?
Communitysupport?
Luck?
Allthesethingshelp.
Butsomethingelsemattersmore.
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Itturnsoutthatthecriticalpieceofthepuzzleis…
Governance
It’showIndigenousnationsorganizethemselves,howtheymakedecisions,howtheyresolvedisputes,andwhetherthey
operateundertheruleoflaw.
It’sabouthowtheirnationworks.
WhyisGoverningSoImportant…
…BecauseofWhatGovernmentsDo…
Theyestablishandenforcetherules bywhichcommunitiesandtheircitizensorganizeaction,cooperate,andinteractwitheachotherandwithoutsiders.
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Inshort,thenation‐buildingchallengeisagovernance
challenge.