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L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Our Rules Start at 10 AM. Mobile phone silent please. You can get in or get out without permission. Ask what you want. Some questions will be answered in the end. Only one talks and all listens. You can get materials from us or from outside
faculty To help us give us your feedback.
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Outlines of this session Introduction to operating systems Introduction to Linux Introduction to Ubuntu Ubuntu installation steps GUI Virtual Box XChat File system hierarch
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Operating systems introduction Operating system:
• It is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer.
• Windows is not the only operating system in the world.
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Operating systems introduction There are a lot of operating systems such as:
• Unix• Linux• Minix• Windows• Mac OS
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction What is GNU/Linux?
• It is an operating system which is free and open source software.
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Unix Introduction
• AT&T– BSD– HP-UX– Solaris– AIX
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction History of Linux
• Linus Torvalds 1990– Kernel
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Why Linux?
• Available and reachable• Stable• Minimum times of rebooting• Open Source• Free• Fast updates• Security• Well-documented
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Why Linux?
• Shell• Virus rare• Real multi-user system• Multiple GUIs• Save hardware resources• It's kernel used in Embedded systems• Meets criteria
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Why Linux?
• Well supported by international companies– HP– IBM– Intel– Oracle – Sun
• National Security Agency (NSA) Why copy software illegally if you can get it for
free?
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Who uses Linux?
• Famous servers work on Linux such as:– www.google.com– www.wikipedia.com– www.youtube.com– www.4shared.com– www.rapidshare.com– www.cnn.com– download.microsoft.com– www.bing.com
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Who uses Linux?
• 89.2% of super computers works on Linux• Embedded system engineers• 3D graphics such as:• The Matrix• Titanic• Gladiator• Super Man Returns• Spider Man• Men In Black
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Who uses Linux?
• United States Department Of Defense• French Parliament• France's Ministry of Agriculture• NNSA
– National Nuclear Security Administration• FAA
– Fedral Aviation Administration.• ICBC:
– Industrial and Commercial Bank of China– All it's 20,000 branches
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux IntroductionFor more information about Linux and who uses it visit:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
http://news.netcraft.com/
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Linux Introduction Linux Distributions:
• RedHat• Centos• Fedora• BackTrack• Debian• Ubuntu• Unbreakable Linux
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Ubuntu Introduction Why Ubuntu:
• Simple• Easy to get it• Free• Famous• Good documentation• Good Internet support
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Ubuntu Introduction How to get Ubuntu:
• You can order our distribution from Menof• You can download it free of charge from here:
http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download• You can download Sabily from here:
http://www.sabily.org/website/index.php/en/sabily/downloads
• You can order a free CD or DVD from here:https://shipit.ubuntu.com
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Ubuntu Installation steps Before installation
• What is a live CD?• File System:
– It is a method of storing and organizing computer files and the date they contain to make it easy to find and access them(FAT, NTFS, EXT4).
• Linux File System:– ext2– ext3– ext4
• Hard disk formatting using – GParted
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Ubuntu Installation steps Main installation:
• Booting live cd• Welcome message• Your location• Preparing disk space (manual)• Selecting Linux partitions• Setting username and password• Ready to install ???• One missing step
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
GUI Graphical User Interface
• Types– GNOME– KDE– XFCE
Some details about GNOME• GNU Network Object Model Environment• Three menus
– Applications– Places– System
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
GUI Some small notes
• Adding Arabic• Installing applications using
– Ubuntu Software Center– Synaptic Package Manager– Add and Remove
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
GUI Remember authentication:
• First run the following commandsudo gedit /usr/share/polkit-
1/actions/org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.policy• Find the action id:
org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.filesystem-mount-system-internal
• Within that action id look for the line:<allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
• replace it with:<allow_active>yes</allow_active>
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
Virtual Box Installation Create new virtual machine Settings of virtual machines General System Hard Disks CD/DVD Network
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
XChat Installation How to connect to channel
/j #ChannelName Register
/msg nickserv register <password> <email> Authenticate access
/msg nickserv identify <password> Problem
• Server list disappear when your disk is fullSudo rm -f ~/.xchat2/servlist_.conf
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
XChat important channels #linuxac #ubunu #centos #fedora #redhat #microcontrollers #oracle #php
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
File System hierarchy
Files and directories are organized into a single-rooted inverted tree structure
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
File System hierarchy /bin
• Essential user command binaries /sbin
• System binaries /boot
• Files of the boot loader and kernel /etc
• Configuration files /home
• User's home directories
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
File System hierarchy /lib
• Shared libraries /media
• Mount point for removable media /mnt
• Mount point for temporarily mounted file systems /root
• Root's home directories
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
File System hierarchy /usr
• Non-essential user programs /var
• Variable files /proc
• Virtual documentation• Documentations for information about kernel and
its work /srv
• Contains server data such as databases
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
File System hierarchy /opt
• Optional applications (Third-party programs) /dev
• Device files /tmp
• Temporary files
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
How to self study www.linuxac.org L2B Linux Guide Virtual Box www.google.com IRC Man Pages RedHat Books
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
How to self study www.arabhardware.com
• Eng: Mostafa El-Tantawy– http://arabhardware.net/forum/showthread.php?
t=102331&page=6– http://4shared.com/dir/10800192/9e812230/Lunix.html
L2B Linux course
L2B First Linux Course
How to self study
Ubuntu Linux For NovicesPractical guide to use Ubuntu Linux
Arabic Linux Bash Guideكتاب لينوكس الشامل