set-plan action n°3.2 implementation plan europe …...technology (set)-plan on action 3.2 “smart...

SET-Plan ACTION n°3.2

Implementation Plan

Europe to become a global role model

in integrated, innovative solutions for

the planning, deployment, and

replication of

Positive Energy Districts

June 2018

I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Implementation Plan of the Temporary Working Group of the European Strategic Energy

Technology (SET)-Plan on Action 3.2 “Smart Cities and Communities” aims to support the

planning, deployment and replication of 100 ‘Positive Energy Districts’ by 2025 for

sustainable urbanisation.

Positive Energy Districts will raise the quality of life in European cities, contribute to reaching

the COP21 targets and enhancing European capacities and knowledge to become a global role

model.

The Temporary Working Group (TWG) 3.2 has developed an integrative approach to Positive

Energy Districts (PED) including technological, spatial, regulatory, financial, legal,

environmental, social and economic perspectives. PEDs will be developed in an open

innovation framework, driven by cities in cooperation with industry and investors, research and

citizen organisations. In this context, a PED is seen as a district with annual net zero energy

import and net zero CO2 emissions, working towards an annual local surplus production of

renewable energy. The building blocks of PEDs are defined in Section 2.3.

The TWG 3.2 involved delegates from 17

countries (Figure 1) and stakeholders from R&I

funding networks, cities, industry, research

organisations and citizen organisations (e.g.

Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe,

European Regions Research and Innovation

Network, Eurocities, European Energy

Research Alliance Joint Programme on Smart

Cities, European University Association -

European Platform of Universities in Energy

Research & Education, European

Construction Technology Platform).

The TWG 3.2 has:

(1) developed a pathway towards PED in Europe,

(2) generated commitment for research and innovation, as well as planning and

implementation actions (Activity Fiches) to follow the iterative processes along the

pathway towards PEDs and

(3) generated a concept for continuous PED Programme Management ensuring

coordination of activities along the pathway towards PEDs.

What has become clear through the work of the TWG is that cities take a unique role on the

pathway towards PEDs as host, facilitator and incubator. They are drivers of the process

towards PEDs. However, cities cannot succeed without industry as solution provider, they

depend on each other. The roles, mandates and decision making authorities of cities and

industry vary across Europe, depending on governance structures, planning systems and public

private partnership regulations, and cannot be generalised.

Figure 1: Countries involved in the TWG 3.2.

Smart Cities and Communities

II

Therefore, the process of working with cities as main drivers and industries in implementing

PEDs will be an integral part of the Implementation Plan and implemented on several levels,

i.e., in the establishment of national networks towards PEDs that mobilise city actors, industry,

academia and citizen organisations.

Pathway towards Positive Energy Districts

PEDs require an open innovation model for their planning, deployment and replication. In the

TWG 3.2, cities have been identified as the stakeholders who need to take a leading role in the

integrated and holistic planning of PEDs, aligning it with their long-term urban strategies.

Industries such as real estate developers, construction companies, network operators, utility

companies and many others, will play a vital role as solution providers. Energy providers,

mobility providers and real estate developers are in need of new business models when energy

efficiency and RES become standard in society. Investors will need to develop new models for

risk sharing, cooperative innovation and participatory funding pipelines. Citizens will take on

a new role as prosumers with active participation in energy trading. Academia will provide

robust documentation, monitoring and evaluation, will develop planning tools and technology

solutions for the medium-to-long term, and will secure capacity building and education of the

next-generation positive energy professionals and citizens.

Consequently, a pathway towards PED has been developed including six modules (Fehler!

Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden.), which will be addressed in parallel and

inform one another (via an iterative, not linear approach). European cities are invited to become

European Positive Energy Cities. Cities with the ambition to develop PEDs will be welcome

to join a networking activity to identify common dimensions of PEDs across Europe as the

basis for national PED certifications and mutually learn from PED pilot activities, e.g., funding

models, digital planning and capacity building. The European Positive Energy Cities will be

part of and share their knowledge within national networks dedicated to PEDs. PED Labs, as

seeding ground for new ideas, solutions and services, will be developed according to place-

based needs and local context baselines. PED Labs will follow an integrative approach

including technology, spatial, regulatory, financial, legal, social and economic perspectives.

Based on experiences in the Labs, PED Guides and Tools will be developed to support

replication and mainstreaming. This includes, e.g. PED definition, national PED certification,

a process towards one standard in digital planning, construction, and building information

management of PEDs, guides on funding and business models, guides for capacity building and

PED planning tools. PED Replication and Mainstreaming will be driven by cities, including

PED development in their city strategies, providing the necessary pre-conditions for PED

deployment and the actual deployment and maintenance of PEDs.

100 Positive Energy Districts in Europe are expected to be in concrete planning,

construction, or operation, synergistically connected to the energy system in Europe, by

2025. The ambition of positioning European industry in the global competition for solutions

towards PED will be addressed via pilots for more international collaboration efforts of the

future. PED Monitoring and Evaluation on each point of the pathway will help to constantly

make improvements and adaptations along the circle. PED Labs and PED Replication and

Mainstreaming are by nature driven by individual cities, whereas the development of PED

III

Guides and Tools take place at national and European level and the PED Monitoring and

Evaluation activities will be carried out locally, but will be linked and synthesised at national

and European level as a support action to speed up the process of PED replication and

mainstreaming. Each module along the pathway needs dedicated activities, therefore,

Innovation Actions supported by national and transnational R&I funding ensure knowledge

creation, transfer and translation of experience between the modules and stakeholders (e.g.,

support for PED Labs, support for a common guide on capacity building for PED, development

of a common PED monitoring framework).

Figure 2: Pathways to Positive Energy Districts in Europe

Commitment for research and innovation as well as planning and implementation actions

(Activity Fiches) to follow the pathway towards PED

All members of the TWG 3.2 were asked to propose activities contributing to the targets and

the developed pathway towards PEDs. A total number of 12 Activity Fiches were proposed,

most of them covering and integrating several topics:

4 Activity Fiches support the coordination of the European Positive Energy Cities

8 Activity Fiches support the PED Labs

9 Activity Fiches support the development of PED Guides and Tools

8 Activity Fiches support the PED Replication and Mainstreaming

2 Activity Fiches support the PED Monitoring and Evaluation

1 Activity Fiche supports Innovation Actions along the pathway

IV

PED Programme Management

There is a need for PED Programme Management to ensure (1) coordination of actors and

activities along the pathway, (2) synergies between activities making sure they build on

previously achieved results and (3) a speeding up of the process.

Figure 3 Structure needed for Implementation of the Programme/Pathway

For the implementation of the programme it is proposed to create a governance structure in the

soon-to-be Implementation Working Group 3.2 (Figure 3), which will evolve out of the current

TWG 3.2. It would be headed by an IP Steering Group composed of delegates of the countries

involved in the Programme. It would work in close connection with all other stakeholder

involved in the Implementation Working Group. The Steering Group would be supported by a

Funding Agencies Group, which will work in variable geometry, based on the financial

involvement of the respective countries. All of this would be underpinned by a well-established

Programme Management Structure, which can be provided by the JPI Urban Europe. Most of

the countries engaged in the SET-Plan TWG 3.2 are also members of the JPI Urban Europe.

However, joining the JPI Urban Europe as a full member would not be a pre-requisite for

participating in the IP Steering Group, or the Programme Management of this Implementation

Plan. In addition to the funding budgets for transnational joint calls (as indicated in the Activity

Fiches), the Programme Management would rely on cash or in-kind support from the involved

SET-Plan countries as the Implementation Plan progresses along its way.

V

Budget

In order to give a budget estimation, the focus is set on public R&I funding of the participating

countries dedicated towards PED development. Based on a recent assessment of national R&I

programmes dedicated to urban sustainability, ERA-NETs and the annual joint calls organised

by the JPI Urban Europe heading towards a similar direction, the following budgetary

indications can be given for the next 8 years (2018-2025):

PED Labs: 20 M€ of transnational R&I funding through JPI Urban Europe (and EC) and

100 M€ through alignment of national R&I funding

Innovation Actions: 80 M€ of transnational R&I funding and 300 M€ through alignment of

national R&I funding

PED Knowledge Diffusion and experiences: 7 M€ through alignment of national R&I

funding/programmes

Together with the private funding required by law to co-fund any innovation-related public

funding, the total envisaged budget involved is of a magnitude of 0.74 Billion € in R&I funding

over the period of 2018-2025. Obviously the final budget allocation will depend on national

decisions of R&I funders and programmes. The investments on the ground which will be

needed in terms of infrastructure, construction and refurbishment can be estimated at a

minimum of 100 Billion € and will typically be carried by cities, real estate developers and

housing companies.

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction and Policy Context 3

1.1. Integrated SET-Plan and Key Priority Actions 3

1.2. Scope and Participation of SET-Plan Action 3.2 “Smart Cities and Communities” 3

1.3. Learning experiences and outcomes from the work of the TWG 3.2 4

2. Vision, Strategic Target and Understanding of Positive Energy Districts 5

2.1. Vision 5

2.2. Strategic Target 5

2.3. Definition and scope of Positive Energy Districts 5

3. State of play and challenges to deploy Positive Energy Districts 6

3.1. State of Play 6

3.2. Challenges and Requirements for Deploying PEDs 7

4. Pathway towards Positive Energy Districts 9

4.1. Module 1: European Positive Energy Cities 11

4.2. Module 2: PED Labs 13

4.3. Module 3: PED Guides and Tools 14

4.4. Module 4: Replication and Mainstreaming of PED 16

4.5. Module 5: PED Monitoring and Evaluation 18

4.6. Module 6: Innovation Actions 19

4.7. Timeline for the circular Pathway towards PEDs 20

5. Activity Fiches 21

5.1. Activity Fiches supporting the circular pathway towards PEDs 21

5.2. Budget 23

5.3. Activity Fiche 1: JPI Urban Europe –European Positive Energy Cities 25

5.4. Activity Fiche 2: JPI Urban Europe – PED Labs and Innovation Actions 27

5.5. Activity Fiche 3: EERA JP SC - Technology Roadmap for PEDs 28

5.6. Activity Fiche 4: EERA JPSC - Diffusion of knowledge and experiences 29

5.7. Activity Fiche 5: ERRIN - Mobilising cities 31

5.8. Activity Fiche 6: Eurocities - Mobilising cities 32

5.9. Activity Fiche 7: EUA-EPUE – Capacity Building 33

5.10. Activity Fiche 8: JPI Urban Europe – International Cooperation 35

5.11. Activity Fiche 9: ECTP – From Positive Energy Blocks to Districts 36

5.12. Activity Fiche 10: ECTP – ESA – Digital Modelling of Cities 38

5.13. Activity Fiche 11: RHC-ETIP – Industry support 40

5.14. Activity Fiche 12: Euroheat & Power – Industry support 42

6. PED Programme Management 44

Annex 1: Stakeholders and Countries involved in the process 45

2

Annex 2: Examples of existing Zero and Positive Energy Buildings and Blocks 47

Annex 3: Challenges and Requirements for Deploying of PEDs 49

Annex 4: JPI Urban Europe Innovation Actions 56

Annex 5: Technology Roadmap for the Deployment of PEDs 57

3

1. INTRODUCTION AND POLICY CONTEXT

1.1. Integrated SET-Plan and Key Priority Actions

The Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan has been recognised as one of the major tools to

deliver the Energy Union Strategy1, by contributing to the cost reduction and improvement of

the performance of low carbon energy technologies through impactful synergetic innovation

actions.

As part of the deliverables of the Energy Union Strategy, the European Commission adopted a

Communication for an Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan2 in 2015. The

Communication identifies ten priority actions to accelerate the energy system transformation

through coordinated or joint investments between European countries, private stakeholders

(including research and industry) and the European Commission. SET-Plan Action Number 3

(out of the ten priority actions), namely, ’Create technologies and services for smart homes that

provide smart solutions to energy consumers’ was divided up into two Sub-Actions: 3.1 “Smart

Solutions for Energy Consumers”, and 3.2 “Smart Cities and Communities”. For each Sub-

Action an Implementation Plan has been developed. The Implementation Plan described in this

document is dedicated to Sub-Action 3.2.

1.2. Scope and Participation of SET-Plan Action 3.2 “Smart Cities and

Communities”

The strategic target of the Implementation Plan was inspired by discussions in the European

Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities, especially by the Initiative on

Positive Energy Blocks (at least three connected buildings) and the “Zero Energy/Emission

Districts” mentioned in the TWG 3.2 Declaration of Intent3. The ambition was raised towards

having 100 Positive Energy Districts by 2025 in Europe as a strategic target of this

Implementation Plan, in order to address the ambitious climate targets of the COP21 agreement,

and to align with the increasingly progressive goals foreseen by the Energy Efficiency and

Buildings Directives (EED)4, under which EU countries must set up an energy efficiency

obligation scheme, and recently adopted new Energy Efficiency in Buildings Directive

(EPBD)5, which foresees the development of a smart readiness indicator to measure the capacity

of buildings to use information and communication technologies and electronic systems to

adapt the operation of buildings to the needs of the occupants. The package of measures

proposed by the European Commission on November 2016, the so-called Clean Energy

Package (CEP)6, sets out a new approach that aims at enabling the consumers to become active

and central players of the future. The development of smart cities and communities is a key

element for a successful clean energy transition, the growth sector of the future. A Temporary

1 Energy Union Package, COM (2015)80 final 2 (C(2015) 6317 final) 3 SET Plan – Declaration of Intent on Strategic Targets in the context of an Initiative for Smart Cities and Communities,

https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/integrated_set-plan/action3_2_scc_declaration_of_intent.pdf 4 Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2012/27/EU on Energy

Efficiency.COM (2016) 761 final 5 Proposal for the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy

performance of buildings.COM (2016) 765 final 6 https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transition

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0761

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0761

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1490877208700&uri=CELEX:52016PC0765

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1490877208700&uri=CELEX:52016PC0765

https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transition

4

Working Group (TWG) 3.2 “Smart Cities and Communities” was set-up in April 2017 to

propose the actions and commitments needed for the planning, deployment and replication of

Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) as foreseen in this Implementation Plan.

The TWG is chaired by national representatives from Austria and co-chaired by representatives

from the European Regions Research and Innovation Network (ERRIN) and the European

Construction Technology Platform (ECTP). Delegates from 17 countries are involved in the

TWG 3.2 (see Figure 4). They work in close cooperation with stakeholders from cities, industry,

research organisations and citizen organisations (e.g. Joint Programming Initiative Urban

Europe, Eurocities, European Energy Research Alliance Joint Programme on Smart Cities,

European University Association - European Platform of Universities in Energy Research &

Education). All members of this TWG 3.2 are listed in Annex 1. The Implementation Plan is

expected to be endorsed by the Steering Group members in June 2018.

Figure 4: Countries involved in the TWG 3.2 Smart Cities and Communities

1.3. Learning experiences and outcomes from the work of the TWG 3.2

What has become clear through the work of the TWG, is that cities take a unique role on the

pathway towards PEDs as host, facilitator and incubator. They are drivers of the process

towards PEDs. However, cities cannot succeed without industry as solution provider, they

depend on each other. Among the industries active in the urban context of PEDs are real estate

developers, housing providers, energy and mobility providers, technology providers, and

planning, engineering and construction companies. The roles, mandates and decision making

authorities of cities and industry vary across Europe, depending on governance structures,

planning systems and public private partnership regulations, and cannot be generalised. The

process of working with industries when implementing PEDs will therefore be an integral part

of the Implementation Plan and will take place in dialogue between national PED city networks

5

and the respective investors and providers, as main actors in the respective national planning

and implementation culture (see Section 4 and Module 1).

We have to acknowledge that almost all existing PED examples in Europe could only be

delivered through a partnership of certain technology providers with cities, and which allowed

ample opportunities for learning, both on a technological and process level (see Section 3.1 and

Annex 2 for details).

2. VISION, STRATEGIC TARGET AND UNDERSTANDING OF POSITIVE ENERGY

DISTRICTS

2.1. Vision

Positive Energy Districts raise the quality of life in European cities, contribute to

achieving the COP21 targets and enhancing European capacities and knowledge to

become a global role model. The TWG 3.2 “Smart Cities and Communities” has developed

an integrative approach including technology, spatial, regulatory, legal, financial,

environmental, social and economic perspectives, to support the planning, deployment and

replication of PEDs for sustainable urbanisation.

2.2. Strategic Target

Europe to become a global role model in integrated, innovative solutions for the planning,

deployment and replication of Positive Energy Districts with the aim to have at least 100

Positive Energy Districts by 2025, that are synergistically connected to the energy system in

Europe.

2.3. Definition and scope of Positive Energy Districts

PEDs require interaction and integration between buildings, the users and the regional energy,

mobility and ICT system, as well as an integrative approach including technology, spatial,

regulatory, financial, legal, social and economic perspectives (Figure 5). Ideally, PEDs will be

developed in an open innovation framework, driven by cities in cooperation with industry and

investors, research and citizen organisations.

In this context, a PED is seen as a district with annual net zero energy import7, and net zero

CO2 emission working towards an annual local surplus production of renewable energy. The

defining aspects, or “building blocks” of PEDs are:

A PED is embedded in an urban and regional energy system, preferably driven by

renewable energy, in order to provide optimised security and flexibility of supply.

7 Electricity generated by dedicated renewable energy systems in the region as well as biomass which is

supplied to the PED is not necessarily regarded as import into the PED.

6

A PED is based on a high level of energy efficiency, in order to keep annual local energy

consumption lower than the amount of locally produced renewable energy.

Within the regional energy system, a PED enables the use of renewable energy by

offering optimised flexibility and in managing consumption and storage capacities on

demand. Active management will allow for balancing and optimisation, peak shaving,

load shifting, demand response and reduced curtailment of RES, and district-level self-

consumption of electricity and thermal energy

A PED couples built environment, sustainable production and consumption, and

mobility to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and to create added value

and incentives for the consumer. E.g., PEDs facilitate increased EV charging capability

within the district and ensure that the impact of EVs on the distribution will be

minimised by using local generation where possible.

A PED makes optimal use of elements such as advanced materials, local RES and other

low carbon energy sources (e.g. waste heat from industry and service sector, such as

data centres), local storage, smart energy grids, demand-response, cutting edge energy

management (electricity, heating and cooling), user interaction/involvement and ICT.

PED should offer affordable living for the inhabitants.

PEDs will be implemented in newly built and retrofitted districts or districts with a mix of both.

Figure 5: Definition of Positive Energy Districts

3. STATE OF PLAY AND CHALLENGES TO DEPLOY POSITIVE ENERGY DISTRICTS

3.1. State of Play

The European society should take steps from Zero and Plus Energy Buildings, Positive Energy

Blocks and Green Districts to Positive Energy Districts and Cities over time to reach the

7

European energy and climate targets. A review of existing Zero and Positive Energy Buildings

(Annex 2) shows encouraging examples that provide lessons learned and valuable sources for

adaptation for the envisaged PEDs. The main features of such Zero and Plus Energy Buildings

are their reliance on on-site renewable energy supply, advanced energy saving measures in

terms of efficient construction (building insulation and orientation), efficient appliances and

optimized operation and maintenance. These features can be transferred from individual

buildings to district solutions, e.g. combining onsite PV and nearby (i.e. district level) heat

provision via a DH network.

3.2. Challenges and Requirements for Deploying PEDs

The deployment of PEDs within European cities will face a set of diverse challenges embedded

predominantly in technological, social, economic, financial, environmental and legal/regulatory

areas. Tackling such challenges calls for integrated and innovative solutions to spur the

deployment of PED in respect to the sustainable urban transformation process. Main challenges

and their solution approach can be summarized by the following requirements and needs for

(Figure 6):

1. Integrated and innovative technologies for PEDs: to tackle the innovation need

across building, energy, mobility and ICT sectors, including integrated urban energy

system operation and planning and digital planning of cities (see Annex 3 and Annex

5). Guidelines and tools for planning and designing PED are necessary to support the

PED developers and managers to calculate optimized PED solutions adapted to the local

conditions, including the identification of optimized PED systems and the development

of implementation roadmaps from the starting point until the finalization of the PED.

2. Societal innovation, social entrepreneurship and citizen participation: aiming to

integrate societal innovation, social entrepreneurship and citizen participation to spur

the deployment of PED within an integrated urban transformation process;

3. New energy markets and sustainable funding models for implementation of PEDs:

the deployment of PEDs is expected to impact the whole energy market and its related

technological, financial and regulatory aspects. Key aspects correspond to new

innovative energy solutions and corresponding new roles such as prosumers, the

complex regulatory framework and the resulting investment risks that require credible

and robust investment concepts and access to new financing schemes.

4. Regulatory framework, certification and standardisation: to formulate and approve

policy, regulation and standards for issuing legislation on PED and its impact on the

actual construction and management process, impose standards, test and attest novel

solutions on PED and issue certification for realised solutions. For PEDs it is essential

that the overall optimal result is envisaged and not limited by a focus on individual

buildings and solutions. KPIs and minimum requirements must be further developed or

newly defined also at the district level. Improved international standards are needed in

order to define the PED by using the KPI provided by the certification schemes.

8

5. Capacity-building, education and training: Building the knowledge base for and

supporting the whole process of developing and deploying PEDs, including the steering

of the PED implementation process. This requires technical process expertise, public

administration and regulatory authorities to handle and oversee the implementation

process of PED.

6. Co-creation, open innovation, public sector innovation and procurement: the

transformation pathway towards PEDs requires a structured, integrated and innovative

approach embedded within the city’s overall vision and based on a co-creation process

involving all relevant stakeholders. In this regard, open innovation pipelines from

research to market and society, with living labs, innovation playgrounds and urban

prototyping will be useful instruments for developing integrated innovative solution for

PEDs. Furthermore, strong leadership of public sector is essential to lead the

transformation process and respond to the emergence of PEDs besides stimulating

innovative public procurement and its ability to push innovation to lead market strategy

through appropriate instruments (e.g. green public procurement, e-procurement, pre-

commercial procurement (PCP) or research oriented public procurements) targeting the

development of investible PED projects.

7. Replication, upscaling and mainstreaming to replicate the PED pilot in other districts

of the city as well as in other cities: cooperative innovation shall be enabled, including

replication profiles, feasibility studies, intellectual property rights, market access, and

STI cooperation.

8. Business models for implementation and operation of PEDs: the large-scale

deployment of PEDs requires the development of sustainable business models that

consider the whole process of building, operating and maintaining PEDs and engage all

actors among owners, city authorities, real estate developers and operators of the energy

infrastructure.

9

Figure 6: Key challenges and needs for deploying PEDs

4. PATHWAY TOWARDS POSITIVE ENERGY DISTRICTS

PEDs require an open innovation model for their planning, deployment and replication. As

energy efficiency and RES, onsite and on the district level, are becoming standard practice in

society, energy providers, mobility providers and real estate developers are in need of new

business models.

Investors will need to develop new models for risk sharing, cooperative innovation and

participatory funding pipelines.

Citizens will take on a new role as prosumers with active participation in energy trading.

Academia will need to provide robust documentation, monitoring and evaluation, development

of solutions for the medium-to-long term, and secure capacity building and education of the

next-generation positive energy professionals and citizens.

Cities have been identified in the TWG 3.2 as the stakeholders who need to take a leading role

in the integrated and holistic planning of PEDs in line with their long-term urban strategies.

In order to pave the way for 100 PEDs by 2025, this Implementation Plan introduces six

interlinked modules along a circular pathway towards PEDs (Figure 7), namely 1) European

Challenges and Requirements for Deploying

PEDs

Integrated and innovative

technologies for PEDs

Societal innovation,

social entrepreneur-

ship and citizen participation

New Energy markets and sustainable

funding models for

implementation of PEDs

Regulatory framework,

certification and standardisation

Capacity-building,

education and training

Co-creation, open

innovation, public sector

innovation and procurement

Replication, upscaling and mainstreaming

Business models for

implemention and operation of

PEDs

10

positive energy cities, 2) PED labs, 3) PED guides and tools, 4) Replication and Mainstreaming,

5) PED Monitoring and Evaluation and 6) Innovation Actions for PEDs.

Figure 7: Pathways to Positive Energy Districts in Europe

In order to involve a broad range of relevant stakeholders and ensure successful implementation

of PEDs, cities need to take a leading role. Therefore, cities will be invited to become European

Positive Energy Cities (Module 1). Cities with the ambition to develop PEDs will be invited

to join a networking activity to (1) identify common dimensions of PEDs across Europe as basis

for national PED certifications and (2) mutually learn from PED Labs, e.g. on funding models,

digital planning and capacity building. Although the network of European Positive Energy

Cities will be city-driven, energy and mobility providers, real estate developers, energy utilities,

investors, citizen organisations and academia will be engaged in the network, depending on

steps that need to be taken (e.g. PED certification needs a strong role of national policy makers;

new business models need a strong role of real estate developers and construction industry).

The European Positive Energy Cities will be part of and share their knowledge within national

networks dedicated to PEDs.

PED Labs (Module 2) will be developed according to place-based needs and local context

baselines. PED Labs will be pilot actions that provide opportunities to experiment with planning

and deployment of PEDs, as well as provide seeding ground for new ideas, solutions and

services to develop. PED Labs will follow an integrative approach including technology,

spatial, regulatory, financial, legal, social and economic perspectives.

11

Based on experiences in the Labs, PED Guides and Tools (Module 3) will be developed to

support planning and designing, implementation and monitoring, as well as replication and

mainstreaming of PEDs. Experiences on local level will be synthesised and interlinked on

national and European level to develop PED Guides and Tools. This will include, e.g.

development of planning tools, national PED certification, a process towards one standard in

digital planning of PEDs, construction, and building information management of PEDs, guides

on funding and business models and guides for capacity building.

PED Replication and Mainstreaming (Module 4) will call for cities to include PED

development in their city strategies, take care of the necessary pre-conditions for PED

deployment and the actual deployment and maintenance of PEDs. 100 Positive Energy

Districts in Europe are expected to be in concrete planning, construction, or operation,

synergistically connected to the energy system in Europe by 2025. The ambition of

positioning European industry in the global competition for solutions towards PEDs will be

addressed via international cooperation in the framework of COP21 and Mission Innovation.

PED Monitoring and Evaluation (Module 5) on each point of the pathway will help to

constantly make improvements and adaptations along the cycle. Monitoring and Evaluation of

PEDs will take place on local level, but findings will be linked on national and European level

to develop recommendations for common monitoring and evaluation activities across Europe.

Each module along the pathway will need dedicated activities, therefore Innovation Actions

(Module 6) will be supported by national and transnational R&I funding to ensure knowledge

creation, transfer and translation of experience between the modules and stakeholders (e.g.

support for PED Labs, support for a common guide on capacity building for PED, development

of a common PED monitoring framework).

The six modules of the circular pathway towards PEDs will be addressed in parallel and will

inform one another (via an iterative, not linear approach). The modules will be described in

more detail in the following paragraphs.

4.1. Module 1: European Positive Energy Cities

Objective: Set-up a dialogue among cities or national city networks on the planning, financing,

deployment and replication of PEDs; ensure an integrated open innovation process in PED

development

Process:

Mobilise cities with an ambition to develop “Positive Energy Districts for sustainable

urbanization” (e.g. shown in Sustainable Energy Action Plans) for a European city-

driven network towards PEDs in cooperation with public utilities, infrastructure

operators, construction industry, real estate developers, research organisations and

citizen organisations.

European Positive Energy Cities will be involved in all activities/modules on the

pathway to PEDs, therefore the network provides them with the opportunity to

contribute to the development of:

12

● Joint understanding and definition of PED: Identifying the common building

blocks of PED across cities and countries as a basis for shared tools and services

and common PED Monitoring and Evaluation

● PED Labs: Preparing and setting up PED Labs using a placed-based perspective

and experience with new digital planning, permit giving, construction, and

building management standards, regulatory innovation zones, new technologies,

sector coupling, stakeholder involvement, etc.

● PED Guides and tools: Contribution and assessment of drivers and enabling

conditions for PEDs, e.g.:

▪ Common aspects for national PED certification

▪ Legal frameworks, regulations and standardisation for PEDs

▪ Funding model and investments for PED

▪ PED capacity building and training

▪ Digital Planning and optimization for PED

▪ Identification of local potentials for RES, efficiency, storage

▪ Public sector innovation

▪ Stakeholder Involvement

▪ Technology Assessment and Integration

▪ Policy support for PED on national level

● PED Replication and Mainstreaming: Share good practices on replication and

mainstreaming and establish strong links between the European Positive Energy

Cities and their national networks to support replication.

● PED Monitoring and Evaluation: Contribute and commit to a common

Performance Monitoring of PED, respecting place-based differences.

Grow the number of European Energy Cities, especially in the dialogue on learning and

replication.

The European Positive Energy Cities will be a mobiliser of national networks towards

PEDs and translate dialogues on European level to national level and the other way

around. Additionally they will coordinate and engage:

● with national ministries or agencies (e.g., on national PED certification)

● with local public utility providers, real estate developers, planners and

construction industry (e.g., on business models for PEDs and certification)

● with local citizen organisations (e.g., on stakeholder involvement in PED

planning and development)

● with research organisations or networks of research organisations to adapt

research and technology to local needs and identify training and skills needed

for PED planning, deployment and use

13

Triggering implementation of Module 1

Activity leader Fiche

No Tasks to be performed

JPI Urban

Europe 1 Offer to host, coordinate and grow the network of European Positive Energy

Cities in their AGORA

JPI Urban

Europe, ERRIN,

Eurocities

1, 5, 6 Inform and mobilise cities for the engagement activity, also in cooperation

with other networks, i.g. E5, Covenant of Mayors, ICLEI, Alliance for

Sustainable Urbanisation, EERA JPSC City Advisory Committee, SCC

Lighthouse and Follower Cities, Celsius Cities, cities active in the EIP SCC

Initiative on Positive Energy Blocks, National cities/stakeholder

networking platform (e.g. AT, NO, FR, etc.)

EERA Joint

Programme

Smart Cities

4 Develop and scientifically validate PED definition and boundary conditions

Define, plan and execute the RDI needed to move from PED to Positive

Energy Cities and Societies, in line with new knowledge and ambitions on

an international, EU and national scale

4.2. Module 2: PED Labs

Objective: Develop city-driven PED Labs according to individual cities’ needs and approaches

towards PED, in Europe and globally.

Process:

PED Labs will be pilot actions of cities towards PEDs. PED Labs are designed for

cities’ needs and support concrete next steps in the planning and deployment phase,

which includes a range of activities and steps towards PEDs (e.g. test new technologies,

test new forms of stakeholder engagement, test new regulations, test new funding

mechanisms)

PED Labs should support cities in the development of innovative solutions (that can

then be used and replicated in all PEDs)

A systematic analysis of experiences and lessons learnt from already existing PEBs and

PEDs should inform the set-up and specificities of PED Labs. The goal is to create,

collect, qualify, compare and analyze data from the 100 European PEDs, which then

contribute to the PED Lab. The identification of how each system innovation evolves in

specific settings helps to plan and manage the spatial diffusion of such PED innovations

and to strategically feed into the value chains

Mobilise cities to develop PED Labs in Europe funded through national and

transnational R&I funding, which can alleviate the first-mover risk of creating new

solutions

Identify and monitor PED Labs in participating networks of cities, industry partners,

universities and research institutes, support development of existing and new PED Labs

to function as open innovation playgrounds

14

International cooperation in R&I funding for PEDs will be considered to meet the

ambition of positioning European industry in the global competition for solutions

towards PEDs. Identify potential international/global PED Lab development and initiate

cooperation




EERA Joint

Programme

Smart Cities

3, 4 Identify and monitor PED labs in our networks of cities, industry partners,

universities and research institutes. Use own facilities as living labs (our

own campuses, research and work facilities, cities). Support development

of existing and new PED Labs to function as open innovation playgrounds; Develop a virtual PED lab that shows how these solutions can be integrated

and deployed in a specific urban context, with a database and a system for

sharing data (BIM, smart meters, GIS, satellite, cell phones, sensors etc), in

cooperation with the EERA Secretariat and other EERA JPs; Create, collect, qualify, compare and analyse data from the 100 European

PEDs, contributing to the virtual PED lab Identify potential international/global PED Lab development and initiate

cooperation (e.g., scoping workshops coordinated by the URBAN-EU-

CHINA Innovation Platform on Sustainable Urbanisation, in cooperation

with JPI UE in China) Use the Technology Roadmap towards PED of EERA JP SC

to inform the design of PED Labs JPI Urban

Europe 2 Establishment of a decision process for Innovation Actions to fund PED

Labs by transnational R&I funding, however pilot actions towards PED are

not limited to JPI Urban Europe funded PED Labs

ERRIN,

Eurocities 5,6 Mobilise cities to initiate PED Labs

EUA Energy

and

Environment

Platform

7 Will engage with PED Labs to learn about the needs for capacity building

and training

European

Construction

Technology

Platform

10 Develop digital modelling of cities for energy management including built

and natural environments

4.3. Module 3: PED Guides and Tools

Objective: Develop guides and tools based on the needs of the PED stakeholders and the

learning experience from PED Labs as a basis for successful planning and designing,

implementation and operation, as well as replication and mainstreaming of PEDs

Process:

Development of common criteria for national PED certification: The development

of common criteria for PED certification based on ongoing activities in several countries

(e.g. Switzerland, Austria) could be the starting point for national or European level

PED certificates. PED certificates are enablers and serve as quality assurance and

15

marketing tools which attract cities as well as investors. Thus, they may accelerate PED

replication

Guidance on regulations and legal frameworks for PEDs reveal differences in

national level regulations and legal frameworks towards PED and provide good practice

considering place-based differences

Guidance on funding models for PEDs: Analysis and recommendations for different

funding models for PEDs for all relevant actors and all phases of PED development

o City authorities (planning)

o Real estate developers/planning and construction industry (deployment)

o Infrastructure Operators (energy, mobility, maintenance)

Guide on capacity building in institutions and training

o Provide recommendations to city authorities on institutional resources (e.g.

additional skills and funding) and policy coordination (horizontally and

vertically)

o Development of a training and skills catalogue necessary for the development of

PEDs, i.e. for staff at city authorities, university graduates, construction industry

Guide on stakeholder participation for PED development shares approaches of

stakeholder participation in PED Labs as a basis for replication and mainstreaming

Public sector innovation: Initiate a discussion on how public sector innovation and the

development of PEDs can be connected and how synergies can be created.

Technology Assessment and Integration for PEDs: Assessment of technologies in

PED Labs and other pilot actions and dissemination of technology assessments to cities

and industry actors to enable learning. Later on, their optimized integration should be

addressed according to local boundary conditions, while also taking into account

innovative concepts. Finally, future technology scenarios should be developed

considering uncertainties (e.g. energy prices), assess technological alternatives and

include risk management/ sharing.

Digital planning and optimisation for PED: Develop processes, tools and standards

for digital planning of PEDs in city authorities using the same standards and common

tools, but at the same time considering the local characteristics and needs. Develop those

standards and tools in a way that they can be integrated with other digital tools in permit-

giving, construction, and the operation of buildings (BIM) and, consequently, provide

optimized holistic system solutions, taking into account interdependencies between the

sectors, as well as transformation and implementation plans.

All guides and tools will be made public on the EIP SCC Marketplace to reach a broader

audience.

16




JPI Urban

Europe 2 Support the development of guides and tools for PEDs through

Innovation Actions; Innovation Actions are an instrument of JPI Urban

Europe, aligning national R&I funding programmes in order to take up

cities’ needs and address them via dedicated R&I activities funded by

participating countries (for more information see Annex 4)

EUA Energy

and

Environment

Platform

7 Contribution to the training catalogue for university graduates

ERRIN,

Eurocities 5,6 Support for the development of guides and tools with knowledge,

coordination competences and funding

Support the dissemination and exploitation of guides and tools

European

Construction

Technology

Platform

9, 10 Develop a TOOLBOX for Positive Energy Blocks upgradable to Districts

Develop digital modelling of cities for energy management including built

and natural environments

EERA Joint

Programme

Smart Cities

4 Develop a toolbox of planning instruments for PEDs, including data and

metrics, planning and design, and investment and business models; Identify and analyse policy mixes and initiatives for PED transitions.

Enable and encourage transfer from research into practice, as well as co-

creation with industry and city partners; Suggest how to revise the regulatory framework; Build capacity (training, education, knowledge exchange), exchange

researchers, organize mobility to promote knowledge exchange (young and

experienced researchers, industry and city networks)

European

Technology &

Innovation

Platform on

Renewable

Heating and

Cooling

11 Development of guidelines which describe step by step how the energy

system of the PED can be designed and optimized Develop a web-based planning tool, which allows to calculate an cost-

optimized energy system for a PED taking into account sector coupling and

the dynamic of the energy system.

Euroheat &

Power 12 Development of toolbox of solutions and technologies regarding DHC of

PEDs

4.4. Module 4: Replication and Mainstreaming of PED

Objective: Support European cities in replication and mainstreaming to have 100 Positive

Energy Districts in Europe committed by 2025

Process: Individual cities and their cooperation partners from industry, infrastructure operators,

research organisations and citizen organisations lead replication and mainstreaming of PED

demo experiments, PED labs and knowledge derived from testing and implementing PED

building blocks. The following activities of cities will be supported by the guides and tools of

17

Module 3 and can be taken as an indicator showing that PEDs are in concrete planning,

construction, or operation:

City includes PED development in its city strategies by:

● Creating a vision and intention in city’s strategies

● Assessing replicability and scalability

● Preparing a PED plan

City establishes appropriate pre-conditions for PEDs through:

● Preparing the necessary local legal framework

● Coordinating within city authority and on national level

● Building or facilitating commitment of several stakeholders

● Realigning and mobilising the necessary resources (e.g. funding, capacity

building, etc.)

● Modifying institutional structures in cities when necessary

● Preparing PED performance monitoring

City develops PED(s) via:

● Coordination of PED deployment

● Quality assurance of PED deployment

● Conducting and maintaining performance monitoring




JPI Urban

Europe, ERRIN

and Eurocities

1, 5, 6 Grow the platform for the network of European Positive

Energy Cities to enable replication and mainstreaming in

cooperation with other networks, especially the EIP SCC

Initiative on Scaling up & Replication of Smart City Plans

JPI Urban

Europe 2 Launch of Innovation Actions according to the R&I-needs indicated by

cities in the phase of replication and mainstreaming

EERA Joint

Programme

Smart Cities

4 Activate national EERA networks to engage with cities for PED planning,

deployment and use; Identify and document barriers, challenges and opportunities in existing

PED projects. What are the main causal mechanisms that either enable or

inhibit successful diffusion of PED innovation, systems, or policies, and

how can PED innovations be scaled up both within the EU and beyond

European

Construction

Technology

Platform

9 Development of a TOOLBOX for Positive Energy Blocks

upgradable to Districts

18

European

Technology &

Innovation

Platform on

Renewable

Heating and

Cooling

11 Compilation and description of a list of demonstration examples of

existing technologies and solutions for PEDs in new construction and

retrofitting

Euroheat &

Power

12 Demonstration examples of existing technologies and solutions for PEDs

in new construction and retrofitting

4.5. Module 5: PED Monitoring and Evaluation

Objective: Monitor, evaluate and assess PED performance to support each module with

relevant information for learning

Process:

Develop and recommend a common monitoring and evaluation framework for PED

planning, deployment and use/maintenance respecting place-based differences which

can then be used and implemented on national and individual city level

PED monitoring and evaluation is not limited to technology aspects, but takes spatial,

regulatory, legal, financial, social and economic perspectives into account

Development of guidelines for systemic and standardized PED monitoring and

evaluation including key performance targets as well as process oriented targets to

ensure high quality monitoring including data measurement, collection, processing,

assessment and storage.

Analysis and assessment of existing Zero and Positive Energy Buildings and Districts

to inform the specifications of PED Labs

Monitoring and evaluation of PED pilots (e.g. PED Labs, H2020 SCC Lighthouse

Projects with a focus towards PED, etc.) to provide learnings for the guides and tools to

be developed in Module 3




JPI Urban

Europe 2 Launch of Innovation Actions supporting the necessary activities

to develop a common framework for monitoring and

evaluation, which can be used for the cities’ own purposes

19

EERA Joint

Programme

Smart Cities

4 Support in defining core KPIs for PEDs, systematically screen

existing and new PEDs using these KPIs, and report them into the Smart

Cities Information System

Provide inputs to the PED Labs, as a basis for knowledge exchange and

learning, and as a basis for designing strategies for replication and

mainstreaming

4.6. Module 6: Innovation Actions

Objective: Innovation Actions funded by national and transnational R&I funding aim to

support innovation activities along the circular implementation pathway to avoid or alleviate

potential risks and ensure knowledge flows through the different modules.

Process:

National and transnational R&I funding will be dedicated to Innovation Actions along

the circular pathway (see Annex 4 for more information on the Innovation Actions of

the JPI Urban Europe)

Participation by national R&I programmes in the funding of Innovation Action calls is

not limited to JPI Urban Europe members, but is open to all European and international

countries

Innovation Actions will be used to drive the pathway forward, e.g. to support

● cities and their cooperation partners to set-up PED Labs (Module 2)

● the development of guides and tools (Module 3)

● innovative activities in cities in the replication and mainstreaming process

(Module 4)

● the analysis and monitoring of PED and the development of a common

framework (Module 5)


Activity

leader

Fiche

No

Tasks to be performed

JPI Urban

Europe

2 Provide the instrument of Innovation Actions (transnational R&I

funding for a joint call) as a flexible mechanism to support the

pathway to PEDs

JPI Urban Europe has established and tested the Innovation Action as a new

call instrument in 2017. It picks up and focuses on the specific innovation

needs of problem owners (cities, industry), and was first used and tested in

the transnational call “Making Cities Work” resulting in very positive

feedback from stakeholders.

20

4.7. Timeline for the circular Pathway towards PEDs

The following Figure 8 presents the timeline for the circular pathway towards PEDs.

Figure 8: Timeline for the circular pathway towards PEDs

21

5. ACTIVITY FICHES

5.1. Activity Fiches supporting the circular pathway towards PEDs

For the implementation of the circular pathway towards PEDs Activity Fiches have been

formulated by stakeholders as a way to indicate their commitment to research and innovation,

as well as planning and implementation actions. A total number of 12 Activity Fiches were

proposed by stakeholders (Table 1).

Considering learning from the TWG 3.2. (Section 1.3), cities take a unique role on the pathway

towards PEDs as host, facilitators and incubator. They are drivers of the process towards PEDs.

However, cities cannot succeed without industry as solution provider. At this stage, the

European Construction Technology Platform gathers commitment from industry, while

nationally active real estate developers, housing providers, energy and mobility providers,

technology providers, and planning, engineering and construction companies will be mobilised

via national networks. This activity is an integral part of the Implementation Plan.

Table 1 Overview of Activity Fiches for the Pathway towards PEDs

Fiche

No

Activity leader Target

1

JPI Urban

Europe

a) Coordinate and promote the network of European Positive

Energy Cities in the JPI UE AGORA stakeholder platform

b) Adjust JPI UE Programme Management Structure to support

the SET-Plan Implementation Working Group 3.2 on Smart

Cities and Communities

2

JPI Urban

Europe

c) Provide R&I funding for PED Labs, Innovation Actions, and

international R&I funding collaborations

d) Facilitate the alignment of national programmes and calls

towards PED across Europe

e) Potential ERA-NET or EJP Cofund on PEDs

3

EERA Joint

Programme

Smart Cities

Presentation, Publication and Dissemination of a Technology

Roadmap for PED in the European Union towards 2025

4

EERA Joint

Programme

Smart Cities

To develop a systematic, robust, evidence-driven approach for

PED Labs as open innovation playgrounds – enabling PED lab

results to be scaled up, transferred and mainstreamed across

European cities as well as global society.

5 European

Regions

Research and

Innovation

Network

Mobilisation of cities, support of guidelines and support for

cities in replication and mainstreaming

6

Eurocities Mobilisation of cities, support of guidelines and support for

cities in replication and mainstreaming

22

7

EUA Energy

and

Environment

Platform

Support capacity building and education (trainings and

curricula that build future knowledge base) based on PED

Labs and pilots

8

JPI Urban

Europe

a) Assessment of additional international cooperation actions

b) Pilot collaboration with China in joint R&I funding and

implementation of PED

9 European

Construction

Technology

Platform

Develop a TOOLBOX for Positive Energy Blocks upgradable

to Districts (Industry support to the implementation of PEDs)

10 European

Construction

Technology

Platform

Accessible physical and thermal digital modelling of cities for

energy management including built and natural environments

(Industry support to the implementation of PEDs)

11 European

Technology &

Innovation

Platform on

Renewable

Heating and

Cooling

Provide a toolbox of solutions and technologies regarding RHC

of PEDs (Industry support to the implementation of PEDs)

12 Euroheat &

Power

To provide a toolbox of solutions and technologies regarding

DHC of PEDs (Industry support to the implementation of

PEDs)

Figure 9 illustrates which Activity Fiches (together with their respective stakeholders) support

the different actions of the circular pathway towards PEDs:

4 Activity Fiches support the coordination of the European Positive Energy Cities

8 Activity Fiches support the PED Labs

9 Activity Fiches support the development of PED Guides and Tools

8 Activity Fiches support the PED Replication and Mainstreaming

2 Activity Fiches support the PED Monitoring and Evaluation

1 Activity Fiche supports Innovation Actions along the pathway

23

Figure 9: Activity Fiches and their contribution to the implementation of the circular pathway towards PEDs

5.2. Budget

The evaluation of the financing needs and funding sources for the activities included in this IP

is complex. Unlike other technological frameworks, the stakeholders driving the pathway

towards PEDs are cities. Partners from private companies involved in PED development are

public utilities and infrastructure providers, real estate developers and planners, investment

firms, technology and service providers and construction sector. Additionally, national

authorities (e.g. ministries responsible for regulations or certifications) play a crucial role.

RTOs and civil society organisations will also be involved in the development of PEDs. The

different stakeholders will support the pathway towards PEDs with different means: public R&I

funding for projects, in-kind funding of R&I research organisations, in-kind contributions of

cities that engage in the process; communication and promotion channels by city networks;

mandatory cash contributions from industry for R&I projects funded through national funding

agencies.

In order to give a budget estimation, the focus is put on the public R&I funding of the

participating countries dedicated towards PED development. Based on a recent assessment of

national R&I programmes dedicated to urban sustainability, ERA-NETs and the annual joint

calls organised by the JPI Urban Europe Calls heading towards a similar direction, the following

budgetary indications can be given for next 8 years (2018-2025):

24

The total envisaged budget is 0.74 Billion € in public and private R&I funding for the period

2018-2025 given in the Activity Fiches, but obviously final budget allocation will depend on

national decisions of R&I funders and programmes and strategic decisions in companies.

Among the total envisaged budget the following activities can be highlighted:

PED Labs: 20 M€ of transnational R&I funding through JPI Urban Europe (and EC) and

100 M€ through alignment of national R&I funding

Innovation Actions: 80 M€ of transnational R&I funding and 300 M€ through alignment of

national R&I funding

PED Knowledge Diffusion and Experiences: 7 M€ through alignment of national R&I

funding/programmes

In the majority of participating countries national public research funding, especially innovation

funds, need to be matched by contributions of the beneficiaries. On average, approximately at

least 30% (150M€ out of 500M€) of public funding will be contributed by the beneficiaries

(depending on the national funding rules). Additionally, public R&I funding is expected to

have a leverage effect, leading to investments for the deployment and operation of PEDs,

infrastructure, construction and refurbishment by cities, public housing organisations, real

estate developers etc. The investments on the ground can be estimated at a minimum of

100°Billion°€.

25

5.3. Activity Fiche 1: JPI Urban Europe –European Positive Energy Cities

R&I Activity Fiche 1:

Target:

a) Coordinate and promote the network of European Positive Energy Cities in the JPI

UE AGORA stakeholder platform

b) Adjust JPI UE Programme Management Structure to support the SET-Plan

Implementation Working Group 3.2 on Smart Cities and Communities

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts: Modules 1, 4

Activity leader: JPI Urban Europe

Description of activity:

1. Adjust the existing Programme Management structure of JPI Urban Europe, so that

it can serve as a support to the SET-Plan Implementation Working Group 3.2

a. Set up a Strategic R&I plan with all participating countries

b. Establish a monitoring plan and instrument

c. Prepare joint calls

d. Assess disseminate results

e. Evaluate progress and success

2. Mobilise cities with an ambition to develop “Positive Energy Districts for

sustainable urbanization” for a European city-driven networking activity in

cooperation with public utilities, infrastructure operators, construction industry, real

estate developers, research organisations and citizen organisations

3. Facilitate dialogue on

● Joint understanding and definition of PED

● PED Labs: Preparing and setting up PED Labs using a placed-based

perspective and experience with new digital planning, permit giving,

construction, and building management standards, regulatory innovation

zones, new technologies, sector coupling, stakeholder involvement, etc.

● PED Guides and tools: Contribution and assessment of drivers and

enabling conditions for PEDs, e.g.

▪ Common aspects for national PED certification

▪ Legal frameworks, regulations and standardisation for PEDs

▪ Funding model and investments for PED

▪ PED capacity building and training

▪ Digital Planning for PED

▪ Public sector innovation

▪ Stakeholder Involvement

▪ Technology Assessment

▪ Policy support for PED on national level

● PED Replication and Mainstreaming: Share good practices on replication

and mainstreaming and establish strong links between the European Positive

Energy Cities and their national networks to support replication

● PED Monitoring and Evaluation: Contribute and commit to a common

Performance Monitoring of PED with respected to placed based differences

TRL: 8-9

26

Total budget required: 2 M€

Expected deliverables: Platform established; dialogue process ongoing

Timeline: continuously

Partners and stakeholders involved: National PED cities networks of participating

countries; partner networks on European level, e.g. ERRIN, Eurocities, Covenant of

Mayors, E5 Network, etc.

Implementation financing / funding instruments: cash and in-kind personnel

contributions for management efforts by participating countries

Indicative financing contribution: 2 M€ from participating countries over 8 years

Ongoing R&I Activities relevant to this new activity proposal: Modules 2, 3, 5; JPI Urban

Europe Activities

27

5.4. Activity Fiche 2: JPI Urban Europe – PED Labs and Innovation Actions


Target:

a) Provide R&I funding for PED Labs, Innovation Actions, and international R&I

funding collaborations

b) Facilitate the alignment of national programmes and calls towards PED across

Europe

c) Potential ERA-NET or EJP Cofund on PEDs

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts: Module 2, 3, 4, 5



1. Preparation of the implementation of Strategic R&I Plan (Activity Fiche 1) into

series of transnational calls

2. Planning and execution of calls towards PED Labs and Innovation Actions for PEDs

3. Facilitation of transnational collaboration regarding alignment of national

programmes and R&I funding calls towards PEDs

4. Application for ERA-NET or EJP Cofund and subsequent implementation of call

activities with focus on digital planning

TRL: 2-7


Expected deliverables: Calls prepared and launched for PED Labs and Innovation Actions

Timeline: Annual

Partners and stakeholders involved: Approx. 20 participating European countries in

variable geometry;

Implementation financing / funding instruments: national R&I funding programmes of

participating countries; H2020 cofund for potential digitalisation call

Indicative financing contribution:

PED Labs:

20 M€ of transnational R&I funding through JPI Urban Europe contributed by participating

countries in variable geometry

10 M€ as Cofund potentially provided by European Commission

100 M€ through alignment of national R&I funding over 8 years

approx. 30 M€ in mandatory contribution from project participants (cities & industry)

Innovation Actions:

80 M€ of transnational R&I funding contributed by participating countries in variable

geometry

300 M€ through alignment of national R&I funding over 8 years

approx. 95 M€ in mandatory contribution from project participants (cities & industry)

Ongoing R&I Activities relevant to this new activity proposal: Module 1, JPI Urban

Europe Activities

28

5.5. Activity Fiche 3: EERA JP SC - Technology Roadmap for PEDs


Target: Presentation, Publication and Dissemination of a Technology Roadmap for PED in

the European Union towards 2025

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts: 2

Activity leader: EERA Joint Programme Smart Cities (EERA JPSC) / AIT


The EERA Joint Programme Smart Cities has developed a Technology Roadmap for PEDs

toward 2025 as a contribution to the Implementation Plan in its preparation phase. The

Technology Roadmap is presented in Annex 5.

EERA Joint Programme Smart Cities will contribute with a concerted effort of its expert

partners from research, industry and cities to:

Present, promote and disseminate the Technology Roadmap for PEDs

Inform national and transnational calls for PEDs with the research needs identified

in the Technology Roadmap for PEDs

Mobilise EERA JP SC Members and the its national networks to support cities in

the set-up of PED Labs

TRL: 4-6


Expected deliverables: Technology Roadmap for PED in the European Union towards

2025

Timeline: continuously: 2018

Partners and stakeholder involved: all partners in EERA JPSC: research organisations,

cities, industry in EERA JP SC

Implementation financing / funding instruments: national R&I Programmes and FP9

Indicative financing contribution: 200.000 € in kind EERA and 800.000 national and FP9

R&I funding

Ongoing R&I Activities relevant to this new activity proposal: Module 1, 3, 4, 5, EERA

JPI SC Activities

29

5.6. Activity Fiche 4: EERA JPSC - Diffusion of knowledge and experiences


Target: To develop a systematic, robust, evidence-driven approach for PED Labs as open

innovation playgrounds – enabling PED lab results to be scaled up, transferred and

mainstreamed across European cities as well as global society.

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Activity leader: EERA JPSC / NTNU


The EERA Joint Programme Smart Cities will contribute with a concerted effort of its

expert partners from research, industry and cities to:

Contribute to Module 1 “Towards European Positive Energy Cities”:

Develop and scientifically validate PED definition and boundary conditions;

Define, plan and execute the RDI needed to move from PED to Positive Energy

Cities and Societies, in line with new knowledge and ambitions on an international,

EU and national scale

Contribute to Module 2 “PED Labs”:

Identify and monitor PED labs in our networks of cities, industry partners,

universities and research institutes. Use our own facilities as living labs (our own

campuses, research and work facilities, cities). Support development of existing and

new PED Labs to function as open innovation playgrounds;

Develop a virtual PED lab that shows how these solutions can be integrated and

deployed in a specific urban context, with a database and a system for sharing data

(BIM, smart meters, GIS, satelite, cell phones, sensors etc), in cooperation with the

EERA Secretariat and other EERA JPs;

Create, collect, qualify, compare and analyse data from the 100 European PEDs,

contributing to the virtual PED lab

Identify potential international/global PED Lab development and initiate

cooperation (e.g., scoping workshops coordinated by the URBAN-EU-CHINA

Innovation Platform on Sustainable Urbanisation, in cooperation with JPI UE in

China)

Contribute to Module 3 “PED Guides & Tools”:

Develop a toolbox of planning instruments for PEDs, including data and metrics,

planning and design, and investment and business models;

Identify and analyse policy mixes and initiatives for PED transitions. Enable and

encourage transfer from research into practice, as well as co-creation with industry

and city partners;

Suggest how to revise the regulatory framework;

Build capacity (training, education, knowledge exchange), exchange researchers,

organize mobility to promote knowledge exchange (young and experienced

researchers, industry and city networks)

Contribute to Module 4 “PED Replication & Mainstreaming”:

Activate national EERA networks to engage with cities for PED planning,

deployment and use;

30

Identify and document barriers, challenges and opportunities in existing PED

projects. What are the main causal mechanisms that either enable or inhibit

successful diffusion of PED innovation, systems, or policies, and how can PED

innovations be scaled up both within the EU and beyond

Contribute to Module 5 “PED Monitoring & Evaluation”:

Define core KPIs for PEDs;

Systematically screen existing and new PEDs, using these KPIs, and report them

into the Smart Cities Information System

TRL: Mainly TRL 5-7 for the PED Labs (validation and demonstration in relevant

environment, prototyping of systemic solutions for PEDs rather than individual

technologies).

Total budget required:

18 M€ (4 years)

Equipment: € 250,000 (Y1); € 750,000 (Y2); € 500,000 (Y3); € 500,000 (Y4)

Consumables: € 250,000 (Y1); € 250,000 (Y2); € 250,000 (Y3); € 250,000 (Y4)

Personnel: € 3.0 million (Y1); € 3.5 million (Y2); € 3.5 million (Y3); € 4.0 million (Y4)

Other cost; € 250,000 (Y1); € 250,000 (Y2); € 250,000 (Y3); € 250,000 (Y4)

Total: € 3.75 million (Y1); € 4.75 million (Y2); € 4.5 million (Y3); € 5.0 million (Y4)

Expected deliverables:

D1: Systematic, evidence-driven approach for PED Labs (Month 6)

D2: Database of PED Labs in Europe + associated global PED Labs (Month 12 + updates)

D3: Virtual platform for Positive Energy Districts, Cities and Societies (Month 12 +

updates)

Timeline:

4 years (can be extended)

Partners and stakeholder involved:

Full and Associated Partners of EERA JP Smart Cities

EERA JPSC City Advisory Committee

National networks of industry, cities and research of the EERA JPSC partners

Implementation financing / funding instruments:

Clustering / Alignment of already funded PED Labs

H2020 SCC-01 projects and related calls

JPI UE Joint Calls

Climate-KIC / KIC InnoEnergy

National funding mechanisms

Digital Innovation Hubs

Indicative financing contribution: 7 M€ (50% of personnel costs) of EERA JPSC, 11 M€

national and FP9 R&I funding

Ongoing R&I Activities relevant to this new activity proposal:

See all suggested contributions to the other modules

31

5.7. Activity Fiche 5: ERRIN - Mobilising cities


Target: Mobilisation of cities, support of guidelines and support for cities in replication

and mainstreaming by dedicated knowledge and resources of ERRIN

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts in Modules: 1, 2, 3, 4

Activity leader: ERRIN


- Inform and mobilise interested cities in ERRIN to become part of the network

on European Positive Energy Cities and promote the set-up of PED Labs

(support for Module 1 and Module 2)

- Mobilise in cooperation with other cities (e.g. Eurocities, ICLEI) additional

cities for the pathway towards PED and invite them to join the process (support

for Module 1)

- Support the development of guides and tools (in Module 3) with knowledge,

coordination competences and funding (support for Module 3)

- Support cities in the replication and mainstreaming phase (Module 4)

TRL: 8-9

Total budget required: in-kind 0,2 M€

Expected deliverables: European Positive Energy Platform

Timeline: 2018-2025

Partners and stakeholder involved: cities and other city networks


Indicative financing contribution: in-kind 0,2 M€ (meeting facilities, person months,

materials, travel)


32

5.8. Activity Fiche 6: Eurocities - Mobilising cities


Target: Mobilisation of cities, support of guidelines and support for cities in replication

and mainstreaming by dedicated knowledge and resources of Eurocities

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts in Modules: 1, 2, 3, 4

Activity leader: Eurocities


- Inform and mobilise interested cities in Eurocities to become part of the network

on European Positive Energy Cities and promote the set-up of PED Labs

(support for Module 1 and Module 2)

- Mobilise in cooperation with other cities (e.g. ERRIN, ICLEI) additional cities

for the pathway towards PED and invite them to join the process (support for

Module 1)

- Support the development of guides and tools (in Module 3) with knowledge,

coordination competences and funding (support for Module 3)

- Support cities in the replication and mainstreaming phase (Module 4)

TRL: 8-9

Total budget required: in-kind 0,2 M€

Expected deliverables: European Positive Energy Platform

Timeline: 2018-2015

Partners and stakeholder involved: cities and other city networks


Indicative financing contribution: in-kind 0,2 M€ (meeting facilities, person months,

materials, travel)


33

5.9. Activity Fiche 7: EUA-EPUE – Capacity Building


Target: Support capacity building and education (trainings and curricula that build future

knowledge base) based on PED Labs and pilots

Activity supports the pathway towards Plus Energy Districts in Module(s): 2, 3

Activity leader: EUA Energy and Environment Platform (EUA-EPUE)


EUA-EPUE has, based on the input of its university experts, have identified the activities

that support learning from existing PED demonstrators and pilots to plan and initiate the

replication and mainstreaming of PED (as described in Module 3 of the Implementation

Plan).

Build effective PED bottom-up community-level actions that are resilient and

adaptive to to social, economic, and technological change.

Bridge technological and social innovation aspects: incorporating the social and

technological dimension not only helps to foster smart and sustainable

neighbourhoods, but also builds and/or reconstructs mixed and multifunctional,

liveable spatial patterns and public spaces

Capacity building and engagement with civil society: Capacity building should

care for a comparison of the Universities’ curricula to agree upon a common

workflow (e.g. concept of Collaborative Innovation Networks). Furthermore,

engaging with civil society requires research on their expectations which are often

unknown or heterogeneous

Activities:

This section intends to identify concrete actions to achieve the objective of PED translation

and learning from PED innovation labs for follower cities (as mentioned in Module 3).

1) Maps on methods and business models of “Smart cities and communities”

Mapping of methods: a key important factor for the study of smart cities and

communities is human behaviour and interaction, alongside institutional

development and technological adaptation. The use of simulation modelling can for

instance support this multi-dimensional study.

Mapping of business models: new business models that deeply engage citizens and

various forms of local governance and energy regulators are required to support

these new developments. Analysis of existing and new business and contracting

models, taking into account organisational, financial, legislative, social and

technological barriers.

2) Training courses and dissemination activities on smart cities

Development of skill needs and training catalogue for university graduates (incl.

competences in technologies, but also social sciences) based in experiences in PED

labs.

Serious games and roles plays to enable cooperation between researchers and

practitioners and support collective decision making.

Host workshops and discussions on the topic of capacity building for PEDs:

34

Learn from success stories and from mapping exercise and share best practices.

Engage with citizens, professional training associations, long-life learning

institutions, industry clusters in smart cities, municipalities, technology transfers

(e.g. accelerator, incubators), associations of secondary school representatives.

3) Development of guidelines

‘Guidelines of capacity building and training needs for PED deployment’ with

knowledge, coordination competences and funding

Guidelines take into account multidisciplinary approaches in higher education and

research programmes (particularly in Master, Doctorate and Research Programmes)

TRL: 6-8



1) Maps on methods and business models of “Smart cities and communities"

2) Training courses and dissemination activities on smart cities

3) Development of guidelines

Timeline: continuously

Partners and stakeholder involved: academia, industry, research institutions, financial

institutions, local and national authorities, communities


A mixture of national, European and private funding

Indicative financing contribution: in-kind of universities to develop training curricular

and align them among universities, 5 M€ public (e.g. cities, national and FP9 R&I funding

programmes) and private sources (e.g. public utilities, industry)

Ongoing R&I Activities relevant to this new activity proposal: Module 1, 4, 5

35

5.10. Activity Fiche 8: JPI Urban Europe – International Cooperation


Target:

a) Assessment of additional international cooperation actions

b) Pilot collaboration with China in joint R&I funding and implementation of PED

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts: Module 2, 5



1. Assessment of additional international cooperation actions in the topic of PED

2. Preparation of R&I funding and implementation strategy with China as a pilot for

international collaboration

3. Series of 2-3 scoping workshops with Chinese and European stakeholders, in

cooperation with EERA JP Smart Cities / URBAN-EU-CHINA

4. Implementation of one joint R&I call with China

5. Subsequent opening of ongoing PED calls for Chinese stakeholders (funded by

China)

6. Implementation collaboration via Chinese dissemination partners (CCUD, CAUPD)

in close partnership with European Commission; facilitation of city partnerships for

solution sharing; cooperation with URBAN-EU-CHINA / EERA JP Smart Cities

7. Evaluation of results and conclusions for other actions of international collaboration

TRL: 2-8


Expected deliverables: Call prepared and launched; potential Chinese involvement in

subsequent calls negotiated and established; implementation collaboration agreed;

Timeline: 2022 and later

Partners and stakeholders involved: Approx. 20 participating European countries in

variable geometry; China;

Implementation financing / funding instruments: national programmes of participating

countries; potential contribution from FP9

Indicative financing contribution: 15 M€ in public R&I funding contributed by

participating European countries in variable geometry for the first joint call; approx. 15 M€

from Chinese side for their national participants; 5 M€ potential contribution for

implementation collaboration from European Commission

Ongoing R&I Activities relevant to this new activity proposal: see Module 1, 3, 4, 6,

Activities within JPI Urban Europe

36

5.11. Activity Fiche 9: ECTP – From Positive Energy Blocks to Districts


Target: to develop a TOOLBOX for Positive Energy Blocks upgradable to Districts

Activity supports the pathway towards Positive Energy Districts: Module 3, 4

Activity leaders: ECTP – European Construction Technology Platform &

EIP SCC -European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities –

Action Cluster for Sustainable Districts and Built Environment (AC SDBE)


In order to successfully develop PEDs, it is vital to first model its smallest component, the

Positive Energy Block. This will allow to clearly identify the implemented energy

technologies and concentrate innovation to boost them into higher efficiency and easier and

wider application. ECTP commits the development of a TOOLBOX for Positive Energy

Blocks upgradable to Districts.

The following activities are foreseen:

1) Identification of operating Positive Energy Block in Europe for evaluation

One reference source to launch this initiative is the thorough study of The Positive

Energy Block (PEB) of HIKARI, located in Lyon Confluence District, France (see

Annex 2). As HIKARI is a block of connected NEW buildings, it will be essential

to identify sites with either a mix of new and existing buildings, as well as sites of

existing renovated (or to be) buildings. This will require at first a close collaboration

with SCC projects and also identify more sites through the cities and regions

associations.

2) Development of a TOOLBOX for Positive Energy Blocks upgradable to

Districts

Assessment of operating technologies and innovation in operating Positive Energy

Blocks in Europe and identify measures to boost them into higher efficiency and

easier and wider application. This activity will also consider ECTP work in FP7 and

H2020 has on “geoclustering Europe”, trying to adapt solutions to the different

geo-climatic conditions. The TOOLBOX will conclude the findings of the

assessment and is useable throughout the EU.

3) Alignment of the TOOLBOX with actions proposed in other TWGs

ECTP will assure alignment of the TOOLBOX with the actions in the TWGs on

Energy Efficiency in Buildings and on PV and solar thermal

TRL: 7-9



TOOLBOX for Positive Energy Blocks with geoclustered version and new/retrofitted/mix

solutions

Timeline:

ONE year for TOOLBOX.1.0. based on existing data. TWO years for TOOLBOX 2.0. with

exploitation of latest results of H2020 and triggered innovation from 1.0.

37

Partners and stakeholders involved: Industry through ECTP and EIP SCC; Cities

associations; Regions; Member States; Academia


National Smart Cities programs

H2020 Energy efficient Buildings PPP and related calls

H2020 SCC-01 projects and related calls

ERDF

LIFE


€ 12 million on three years for toolbox development and innovation on specific technologies

related to connecting buildings and blocks for energy flows and energy related data. ECTP

and EIP SCC will contribute with HR for compiling the essential data.

6 M€ Industry and 6 M€ FP 9, e.g. Energy Efficient Building


SCC projects and EeB PPP projects

38

5.12. Activity Fiche 10: ECTP – ESA – Digital Modelling of Cities


Target: Accessible physical and thermal digital modelling of cities for energy management

including built and natural environments


Activity leaders: ECTP – European Construction Technology Platform, ESA: European

Space Agency


1) Stock taking of state of the art space technology

Improving energy efficiency and savings at district and city levels must take into

consideration that work has to be done both on new urbanized areas but in most

cases on existing urban developments. Space imaging technology allows not only to

gather physical and thermal data with very high precision but also allows follow up

in time thanks to regular iterations on the data collection from satellites. The SET-

Plan provides a unique opportunity to take stock of state of the art space technology

available from European H2020 projects (like EUGENIUS) and COPERNICUS and

boost its capacities of concrete impact at EU level for energy management.

2) Capacity building at EU level for Digital modelling of cities for energy

management including built and natural environments

To work on a harmonized and financially accessible approach for cities of all sizes

will allow a high tech energy audit that will serve as a database for digital urban

planning. It will then connect to already existing Building Information Modeling

(BIM) which is optimizing energy use at building level. BIM is at the heart of a

number of Energy Efficiency H2020 projects. This will create a digital continuum

from the satellite to the smart meter in each citizen’s living room. Other dimensions

of Urban planning related to energy are the role of green spaces and blue spaces.

Vegetation and water surfaces can indeed play an important role in shading, air

cooling and draft control. These surfaces are also satellite monitored. Research and

innovation is proposed to develop and fine tune a ready to use data base could tackle

the following issues:

Mapping of Urban Heat Islands to identify critical spots with Landsat and

Sentinel satellites.

Urban Infrared Thermography from High Altitude Pseudo-Satellites (HAPS)

Audit and projection of green spaces and greening solutions for thermal

comfort

3) Development of a portal accessible to cities for physical and thermal mapping

A portal will be developed accessible to cities for physical and thermal mapping and

follow up (data refreshed up to every five days upon request)

With the strong support of all actors involved in the SET Plan and under the piloting of

Member States and Cities authorities, this project can turn Europe into a world leader as a

digital continent for energy and climate management.

TRL: 8 for access portal for cities; 4 to 6 for new technologies to develop


39


A portal accessible to cities with a reasonably price membership for physical and thermal

mapping and follow up (data refreshed up to every five days upon request)

Timeline:

3 years

Partners and stakeholders involved:

ECTP

ESA

Cities and Member States

Academia

European Commission


Member States programmes

H2020 space related calls

LIFE

EIB


2 M€ for development of database management system and client long term support (cities),

25 M€ for technology related evolutions for finetuning thermal high altitude measurements

and green / blue frame solutions.

12 M€ public sources (e.g. national and European R&I Programmes) and 15 M€ industry

funding

Ongoing R&I Activities relevant to this new activity proposal: FP7 and H2020

EUGENIUS; COPERNICUS; EeB PPP projects (DIRECTION; EPIC-HUB…)

40

5.13. Activity Fiche 11: RHC-ETIP – Industry support


Target: To provide a toolbox of solutions and technologies regarding RHC of PEDs


Activity leaders: RHC-ETIP


The stakeholders united in the RHC-ETIP represent all aspects of heating and cooling for

buildings and districts, which are needed for the implementation of PEDs. They include

research institutions, technology planners, as well as technology and infrastructure

providers, and can therefore be partners for cities and real estate developers, when it comes

to selecting the right elements for an optimal deployment of renewable heating and cooling

technologies in PEDs.


4) Participation in updating the technology roadmap for PEDs

RHC-ETIP commits to giving input to the roadmap which has been drafted and will

be further developed as part of Activity Fiche 3.

5) Demonstration examples of existing technologies and solutions for PEDs in new

construction and retrofitting

Compilation and description of a list of demonstration examples highlighting the

potential of RHC technologies and solutions for the establishment of PEDs in new

construction as well as in retrofitting, and how these examples could be extended

from individual cases into PEDs.

6) Guidelines for the development of energy systems for PEDs

Development of guidelines, which describe step by step, how the energy system of

the PED can be designed and optimized, how especially the renewable heating and

cooling sources can be evaluated and how the designing and planning process can

be organized and managed.

7) Web-based tool to calculate optimized energy systems for PEDs

Develop a web-based planning tool, which allows to calculate an cost-optimized

energy system for a PED taking into account sector coupling and the dynamic of the

energy system. The tool will be based on 100% renewable energy sources with a

specific focus on sustainable heating and cooling systems and will take into account

the following elements:

Sector coupling between the electricity, heating, cooling, and transport

sector

The temporal dynamic of the system (to consider daily and seasonal

variation as well as the influence of batteries and thermal storage)

The expected efficiency improvements of the energy consumer (e.g. by

refurbishment of buildings)

The expected overall development of the energy demand (e.g. by population

growth and changes in the mobility system)

The local renewable energy potential

41

8) Support regarding liaison and cooperation with other implementation working

groups relevant to the topic of PEDs

Being a partner in other implementation working groups of the SET-Plan, such as

on Buildings & Materials or Energy Systems, RHC-ETIP will support the ongoing

liaison and cooperation with those groups.

TRL: 7-9

Total budget required: 7 M€ over the course of 8 years


Contribution to technology roadmap of PEDs; compilation and description of best practice

examples, and subsequently a toolbox for PED technologies and solutions; ongoing advice

Timeline:

3 years

Partners and stakeholders involved: European Technology and Innovation Platform on

Renewable Heating and Cooling (RHC-ETIP) and members of its Horizontal Working

Group “100% Renewable Energy Cities” (Research institutes and industry)


RHC-ETIP members’ own resources; support from H2020/FP9; national and transnational

R&I funding;

Indicative financing contribution: 3 M€ industry, 4 M€ public sources


Projects on national, H2020, and IEA level; The development of the energy system planning

tool is happening on national level in several projects. However, an integrated approach

with a European perspective is currently missing.

42

5.14. Activity Fiche 12: Euroheat & Power – Industry support


Target: To provide a toolbox of solutions and technologies regarding DHC of PEDs


Activity leaders: Euroheat & Power


Euroheat & Power represents the European (renewable) district heating and cooling

(RDHC) industry, including utilities, planners, manufacturers, researchers and others,

which can play an important role for the implementation of PEDs. The DHC+ Technology

Platform is the research structure of this sector and is run by the EHP secretariat. The

sector is a key partner for cities and real estate developers, when it comes to selecting the

right elements for an optimal deployment of renewable heating and cooling and heat/cold

recovery technologies in PEDs.


1) Participation in updating the technology roadmap for PEDs

DHC+TP commits to giving input to the technology roadmap which has been

drafted and will be further developed as part of Activity Fiche 3.

2) Demonstration examples of existing technologies and solutions for PEDs in

new construction and retrofitting

Compilation and description of a list of demonstration examples highlighting the

potential of renewable district heating and cooling technologies and solutions for

the establishment of PEDs in new construction as well as in retrofitting, and how

these examples could be extended from individual cases into PEDs.

3) TOOLBOX of DHC technologies and solutions for PEDs

Drawing from the list of examples, and other evidence, a “toolbox” of

technologies and solutions for PEDs will be put together, which can be used by

cities, planners, and developers in order to refine the technical configuration of

PEDs.

4) Advice on planning of R&I and certification activities

DHC+TP will contribute to (public) consultations regarding the configuration of

future R&I calls on transnational and national levels and give input to drafts of

PED certification schemes.

5) Support in liaison and cooperation with other implementation working

groups relevant to the topic of PEDs

Being a partner in other implementation working groups of the SET-Plan, such as

on Buildings & Materials or Energy Systems, DHC+TP will support the ongoing

liaison and cooperation with those groups.

TRL: 7-9

Total budget required: 0,5 M€ over the course of 8 years


43

Contribution to technology roadmap of PEDs; compilation and description of best practice

examples , and subsequently a toolbox for PED technologies and solutions; ongoing

advice;

Timeline:

1 year for contribution to technology roadmap, best practice compilation, and toolbox;

Partners and stakeholders involved: RTOs and industrial partners


Members’ own resources; support from H2020/FP9; national and transnational R&I

funding;

Indicative financing contribution: 0,3 M€ industry, 0,2 M€ from H2020/FP9; national

and transnational R&I funding


Projects on national and H2020 level

44

6. PED PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT

In order to make sure that the circular pathway towards PEDs delivers the targets, there is a

need for PED Programme Management to ensure (1) coordination of actors and activities along

the pathway, (2) synergies between activities making sure they build on previously achieved

results and (3) a speeding up of the process.

Figure 10 Structure needed for Implementation of the Programme/Pathway

For the implementation of the programme it is proposed to create a governance structure in the

soon-to-be Implementation Working Group 3.2 (Figure 10), which will evolve out of the current

TWG 3.2. It would be headed by an IP Steering Group composed of delegates of the countries

involved in the Programme. The IP Steering Group would be responsible for strategic steering,

budgets, joint calls, other joint actions, and the funding of projects. It would work in close

connection with all other stakeholder involved in the Implementation Working Group,

especially those, who come forward with budgets and resources of their own. The Steering

Group would be supported by a Funding Agencies Group, which will work in variable

geometry, based on the respective financial involvement of the respective countries. It would

provide the call texts, call management and funding administration needed to implement the

calls, actions, and projects of the programme. All of this would be underpinned by a well-

established Programme Management Structure, which can be provided by the JPI Urban

Europe, a network of 20 European countries collaborating in the field of sustainable

urbanisation since 2008. Most of the countries engaged in the SET-Plan TWG 3.2 are also

members of the JPI Urban Europe. However, joining the JPI Urban Europe as a full member

would not be a pre-requisite for participating in the IP Steering Group, or the Programme

Management of this Implementation Plan. In addition to the funding budgets for transnational

joint calls (as indicated in the Activity Fiches), the Programme Management would rely on cash

or in-kind support from the involved SET-Plan countries as the Implementation Plan progresses

along its way.

45

ANNEX 1: STAKEHOLDERS AND COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS

a) Stakeholders consulted for defining the Declaration of Intent

The Declaration of Intent agreement follows consultations with:

European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities

Covenant of Mayors

EERA Joint Programme on Smart Cities

Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe

EU Smart Cities Information System

ERA‐NET on Smart Cities and Communities

Citykeys Support Action

as well as a public consultation via the SETIS website8 on an issues paper prepared

by the Commission services9.

and additional comments received from Iceland, Norway, Turkey, and Switzerland.

b) Composition of the Temporary Working Group 3.2

SET Plan Countries

AT (Chair) ES NL TR

BE FI NO UK

CY FR PT

CZ IT SE

DE LV SK

Stakeholders

AER Assembly of European Regions - https://aer.eu

CARTIF CARTIF Technology Centre - http://www.cartif.com/en

DHC+TP District Heating and Cooling Technology Platform - www.euroheat.org

ECTP / Co-Chair European Construction Technology Platform - http://www.ectp.org

EERA JP on Smart

Cities

European Energy Research Alliance - https://www.eera-set.eu/eera-joint-

programmes-jps/smart-cities

EIP SCC European Innovation Platform Smart Cities and Communities - https://eu-

smartcities.eu/action-clusters

Initiative on Positive Energy Blocks

Initiative on Scaling up & Replication of Smart City Plans

EPRA European Public Real Estate Association - http://www.epra.com

ERRIN / Co-Chair European Regions Research and Innovation Network - http://www.errin.eu

EUA-EPUE EUA Energy and Environment Platform - http://energy.eua.eu/,

http://uni-set.eu

EUREC Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres

Eurocities Eurocities - http://www.eurocities.eu

Housing Europe Housing Europe - http://www.housingeurope.eu

8 Strategic Energy Technology Information System website https://setis.ec.europa.eu

9 https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/issues_paper‐action3_smartcities.pdf

https://aer.eu/

http://www.cartif.com/en

http://www.euroheat.org/

http://www.ectp.org/

https://www.eera-set.eu/eera-joint-programmes-jps/smart-cities

https://www.eera-set.eu/eera-joint-programmes-jps/smart-cities

https://eu-smartcities.eu/action-clusters

https://eu-smartcities.eu/action-clusters

http://www.epra.com/

http://www.errin.eu/

http://energy.eua.eu/

http://uni-set.eu/

http://www.eurocities.eu/

http://www.housingeurope.eu/

46

IE Insurance Europe - www.insuranceeuroope.eu

JPI Urban Europe European Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe

KIC InnoEnergy KIC InnoEnergy - http://www.innoenergy.com

RHC-ETIP European Technology and Innovation Platform on Renewable Heating and

Cooling - www.rhc-platform.org

SCIS Smart Cities Information System

STORY/BRIDGE STORY/BRIDGE - http://horizon2020-story.eu/bridge

European Commission

EC - SET Plan Secretariat

EC - DG ENER

EC- DG RTD

EC - DG JRC

EC - DG CLIMA

http://www.insuranceeuroope.eu/

http://www.innoenergy.com/

http://www.rhc-platform.org/

http://horizon2020-story.eu/bridge

47

ANNEX 2: EXAMPLES OF EXISTING ZERO AND POSITIVE ENERGY BUILDINGS

AND BLOCKS

1. One of these examples is the Zero Bills Home in BRE Innovation Park in Watford (UK)

which presents an inspiring case for innovative PED due to its location in a big innovation

park and the ongoing replication. The buildings consist of hybrid construction of timber and

steel equipped with top-roof photovoltaic, efficient building envelope and equipment (e.g.

air heat pump. standard ventilation, hot water cylinder), passive thermal storage provided

by a massive floor and ceiling and the possibility to charge a small EV.

2. Another example is the Stroomversnelling project in NL (2010-2016) dealing with the

conversion of exiting building to Zero Energy Buildings. The project has been implemented

with a Government-funded scheme with an extension up to 2020. The project aimed to

retrofit social housing to net Zero Energy Buildings and demonstrated new business model

and stakeholder’s involvement. It offers innovative approaches like 3D building scan

model, detailed EE and REE solutions to ensure net Zero Energy Buildings. To reduce the

net-zero energy building restauration costs it adopts a joint cooperation scheme of key

stakeholders comprising contractors, component suppliers, housing providers, local

governments, financiers, TSOs and other parties. Stroomversnelling provides an attractive

business model to deploy net-zero energy building which can be considered as a good

example for ZEED deployment. It demonstrates a prototype for the refurbished net-zero

energy building which -compared to the old type- achieved an average total reduction in

energy use of 150 kWh/m² corresponding to an annual consumption of 6000 kWh down

from 20,000 kWh. Two thirds of its energy consumption are covered via energy efficiency

measures and one third by on-site energy generation. The estimated retrofitting costs of the

pilot amounted to approximately EUR 130,000 per unit.

3. Another example is the Zero Village Bergen (Norway), a project currently in planning

which will demonstrate a building block of 800 residential homes and service buildings

aiming to achieve self-supply using thermal and electric energy. The key innovative

elements are photovoltaic generation with excess power used for EV and public facilities,

passive houses with full insulation, and underground thermal energy storage. The energy

demand for all purposes shall be covered to the greatest possible extent by renewable energy

sources without loss of natural diversity.

4. Yet another example is the Seestadt Aspern (Aspern Lakeside City, Vienna, Austria), a

smart building and research block, consisting of three residential and service buildings that

are equipped with solar photovoltaic and thermal panels and heat pumps along with thermal

and electric storage facilities. The energy management is achieved through complex ICT

systems. The lessons learned from Zero Energy Buildings are very valuable for the

development of PED.

5. A third example is the Plus Energy Village in Wildpoldsried (Germany) which generates

about 500% of its own consumption using various renewable options that comprise about 5

MWp of photovoltaics, 11 wind turbines, one hydropower system, several municipal and

residential biomass heating systems, supported by five biogas plants, and 2,100 m² of solar

thermal systems.

48

6. The Positive Energy Block (PEB) of HIKARI located in Lyon (France) Confluence

District is a pioneer part of the FP7 project NEXT Buildings. It is composed of three new

highly energy efficient and connected buildings for a total surface of 12.000 sqm. They

bring together offices, apartments and commercial spaces creating a functional mix that

allows optimisation of locally produced renewable energy thanks to complementary

consumption curves. It also features bioclimatic architecture principles that allow

optimising natural lighting and ventilation. Design is by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma.

Renewables produced on site feature, photovoltaic farm on the roofs, one PV integrated

façade, geo-thermic and cogeneration from rapeseed oil produced in the Lyon

neighbourhood. Energy storage technologies are used for heat, cold and electricity. Energy

and data flows are digitally managed in a micro-grid through Building Energy Management

System (BEMS) and individual apartments have their own Home Energy Management

System (HEMS). The PEB of HIKARI is occupied since September 2015 therefore

providing more than two years of data around the fine-tuning of the technologies and

training and experience of inhabitants and users. The urban planning of the district of Lyon

Confluence foresees the improvement (technical and financial) of the PEB concept through

the more recent constructions and then the possibility to connect various PEBs together to

create a PED. All data of the NEXT BUILDINGS project is being fed into the

Commission’s database SCIS (Smart City Information System).

49

ANNEX 3: CHALLENGES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR DEPLOYING OF PEDS

Annex 3 elaborate on the addressed challenges and requirements for deploying PEDs as stated

in Section 3.2. It explains evidences and background to the persisting challenges and provide

recommendations for their conceptual treatment based on so far developed concepts and

solutions mainly related to ongoing and implemented projects on efficient buildings and PEBs

beside additional approaches and solution from other disciplines.

Integrated and Innovative Technologies for PEDs

PEDs rely on integrated innovative technical solutions to ensure the required positive energy

balance on annual basis by ensuring highest energy efficiency at buildings and district level and

optimal utilization of local renewable energy supply options. In addition, the challenge is to

optimise the building integration within the district, local and distant renewable and low carbon

energy sources into a resilient energy system. Furthermore, the increased dependence on

intermittent RES intensifies the need for flexibility options to ensure reliable power system

operation via integrated solutions consisting of energy storage, smart urban energy networks,

ICT and e-mobility. In particularly the conceived integrated innovative solutions for realizing

and deploying PEDs cover following domains:

Highest energy saving measures to reducing primary energy demand through a variety

of energy conservation measures, highest energy efficiency and cutting-edge energy

management systems comprising highly insulated building envelope and windows,

integrated PV and solar-thermal façade, passive housing and efficient lighting, and

smart metering.

Maximize the use of renewable energy supply based on local distributed Renewable

Energy Systems (RES) within the geographical boundary of the district as well as

through local energy sources adjacent to the district. This covers PV, solar thermal,

heat pumps, geothermal and waste-to-heat-and-power. Complementary to the local

renewable energy supplies, the allocation of sites in adjacent urban areas or the

surrounding regions should be considered for additional electricity generation from

biomass, wind and solar parks, especially to ensure covering the peak demand. The

generation of renewable energy sources in the local-regional energy partnership should

be taken into account in the calculation of the net zero import definition of the PED.

Integrated energy system design providing an efficient and flexible energy

infrastructure (electrical, heating, cooling, gas grids, all components connected by an

ICT platform, etc.), enabling the use of energy sector coupling (electricity, heating,

cooling, energy for mobility), the exchange of energy between all consumers and

producers in the PED. The energy system shall be designed to be robust and resilient to

enable the adaptation to changing surrounding conditions. This includes technical (e.g.

grid infrastructure), organizational and regulatory aspects.

Flexibility options as well as optimized and smart energy management across the

different building types within the district and in synchronisation with the wider energy

system of the surrounding neighbourhood. This includes developing modular hybrid

50

microgrids beside the opportunities of DC grids integration, optimizing control

algorithms for real-time management of several energy vectors via ICT. In view of

increased dependence on intermittent RES, active management will allow for balancing

and optimisation of energy demand-supply, load shifting and reduced curtailment

impact of RES.

Energy storage presents one of the biggest gaps to realize PEDs. Finding ways to store

energy all year long is not just a challenge when it comes to technology but also in terms

of cost effectiveness. Technically feasible solutions for long-time storage of heat and

electricity over days and weeks and even seasons must become cheaper in order to make

PEDs cost-effective, so they can compete with conventional buildings and districts on

the basis of a life-cycle, or total cost assessment.

EV will be an integrative element of PEDs with an expected increased impact on the

district energy system behaviour. Hence, EVs need to be considered already during the

planning phase of PEDs. By planning and implementation of an optimized EV charging

infrastructure and adequate management of charging as well as considering EV-to-grid,

EV can have positive impact on the power load management charging capability within

the district and make use of the ensure that the impact of EVs on the distribution will be

minimised by using local generation where possible.

Distributed ledger technology to manage power exchange at the local community level

and create added value and incentives for the consumer to generate energy locally,

provide flexibility and aggregate power generation in a system-wide cloud solution.

Such innovative technologies are vital to maximize the uptake of renewables and

manage the emerging local energy systems that couple the different energy demand and

supply options in view of the changing role of consumer and producer to the role of

prosumer.

Societal Innovation, Social Entrepreneurship and Citizen Participation

A common element affecting the financial and regulatory aspects and consequently the required

new policy for deploying PEDs is the societal aspects in term of citizen participation (both

tenant and building owners). Depending on the prevailing practices of building ownership

relations, cost sharing of building restauration and refurbishment and current costs of energy

services new business models need to be applied to ensure that the costs incurred by deploying

PEDs will be affordable for the majority of citizens. In fact, the success of the perceived

evolution process of PEDs is subject to attracting citizen (also the consumer) and ponder their

interest by creating noticeable incentives which are concretely related to significant savings (or

acceptable additional cost for those more motivated to address global causes), and a living

environment of high quality and liveability within a sustainable urban transformation process.

On top of fair cost sharing approaches such as crowd-funding, match-funding and participatory

budgeting, stakeholder participation and co-design processes in the planning and

implementation of PEDs could help in ensuring public acceptance and send a positive message

for the whole deployment process of PEDs.

51

New Energy Markets and Sustainable Funding Models for Implementation of PEDs

On the building scale, deep retrofitting and new near-zero energy buildings prove to be not cost-

effective based on today’s energy costs, requiring new financing schemes, including optimized

subsidies, particularly for the initial phase, in order to promote and accelerate the replication

process and enable the construction industry to generate economies of scale among the whole

value and supply chains. For residential housing the costs of cooling and heating are relatively

high, compared to office, or industrial buildings, and in many residential buildings, cooling

systems are not integrated. The expensive part of a change in this regard, does not lie with the

production of sustainable energy, but rather with the necessary change of the energy system.

“Small” projects with an investment in the area of one- or two-digit M€ are facing the obstacle

of mobilising financial resources. Big investors are not interested in small or single housing

projects due to the low profit margin.

PEDs represent an even higher challenge than individual buildings, when it comes to

regulations and financing. In some countries, zoning regulations and building regulations

contradict one another. Therefore, local and regional administrations as well as national

regulatory authorities will need to be part of a holistic plan that goes beyond the normal

measures, both for individual buildings, and whole districts. Moreover, one needs to take into

account the resulting technological implications of such a switch from the consumers to the

prosumers role. This will require close cooperation between innovative PED projects and

regulatory authorities to provide dispensation for small-scale experiments where needed, and

to oversee the systematic deployment of district-scale living labs, innovation playgrounds and

urban prototyping to co-create, test and improve PED solutions until they are ready for the

market.

Such emerging development sectors like PEDs imply high investment risks for investors due to

hidden costs, technical and licensing challenges and the lack of established certification and

standards. Hence, investors are very reluctant to move into such new areas without incentives

and financial security mechanisms at least in the short-term, until the standard market

mechanisms begin to work. Therefore, credible and robust investment concepts are needed to

enable long-term investment decisions by building confidence for business players as well

access to financing like citizen-enabling funding chains such as microtransactions, participatory

funding, crowd-funding and match-funding.

New energy markets and business models for PEDs can be created based on consumer-driven

innovation, developed in close working cooperation with national regulators, DSOs/CSOs,

property developers, and local energy communities in alignment with the emerging EU energy

markets supporting the clean energy transition (EU Winter Package). In effect, such solutions

will drive the convergence of digital and energy single markets through the deployment of

Distributed Ledger Technology, smart integrated building/energy control systems, Distributed

Energy Resource Management Systems, and trading platforms. Profits can be created based on

flexibility at the core of a new distributed energy system for PEDs by creating new micro-grid

optimisation model/control systems, new prosumer-driven community system operators, and

new markets for peak shaving/RES trading that reduce both overall grid investment needs and

system curtailment (Clean Energy for All Europeans). In addition, investment and replication

52

can be stimulated with decentralised platforms, blended finance, and risk shaving through

dedicated crowdfunding and participatory budgeting mechanisms, innovative public

procurement (preliminary market consultations, pre-commercial innovation, and innovation

partnerships) and project pipeline development using city-focused EIB services such as URBIS

and JASPERS. These financial mechanisms can be connected to new forms of holistic spatial,

social, political, economic, regulatory, legal, and technological innovation combining citizen

observatories, innovation playgrounds and regulatory sandboxes to engage civil society, local

authorities, industry, and RTOs.

Regulatory Framework, Certification and Standardisation

Regulatory aspects are vital to accelerate the development of PEDs and ensure their long-term

deployment. Hence, the successful implementation of PEDs needs to be accompanied by a well-

developed regulatory framework to ensure formulating and approving policy, regulation and

standards for issuing legislation on PEB/PED and its impact on the actual building process,

impose standards, test and attest novel solutions and issue related certification. In particularly,

this implies scaling up from Energy Performance of Buildings, transforming regulations from

a building-scale to a district-scale to respond to the increased technological complexity of PEDs

and the need for licensing of new technologies, regulating the interests of various stakeholders

and new cooperative innovation mechanisms, clearly specifying their responsibility and

conditions for exchange of energy flows.

In this regard, one hard legal barrier will be to regulate the energy exchange between users that

will change to become more energy prosumers10. Especially for the electric energy the future

PEDs (as well as smart cities) will be pronounced by the transition from passive consumers to

active prosumers. The consequence is that each prosumer will become an economic actor

equipped with a set of technical components to control various innovative elements like smart

grid devices, renewable energy generation and storage units as well ICT and smart meters for

load control and management11 as well as distributed ledger technologies that enable

microtransactions between and among organisations and individual citizens - enabling any

individual citizen to profit from energy trading. As stated in the Winter Package12 of the EU

“Local energy communities can be an efficient way of managing energy at a local community

level – with or without a connection to distribution systems”. In view of such transition the EU-

directive requires from the member states to adopt a legal framework to regulate the new role

of local communities to own, build, lease and manage community network.

Finally, as many hidden aspects cannot be captured adequately at the initial stage, the full legal

framework will evolve successively along the development path of PEDs.

10

Prosumers are users who produce energy for their own use beside sending it to other users. 11

Massimo La Scala, Sergio Bruno, Carlo Alberto Nucci, S. Lamonaca, Ugo Stecchi, 2017. From Smart Grids to

Smart Cities: New Challenges in Optimizing Energy Grids, John Wiley & Sons. 12

Hanche, L., Winter, B.M., 2017. The EU Winter Package: http://fsr.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/The-EU-Winter-

Package.pdf

53

Capacity Building, Education and Trainings

Building capacity and establishing education and training curricula are key elements building

sustainable knowledge base for and support the whole process of developing and deploying

PEDs. Such multidisciplinary learn-process targets technical expertise, public administration

and regulatory authorities to handle and oversight the development and implementation process

of PED. Training and capacity building programme can be developed via a joint undertaking

between national governments and the European Commission. Due to specific local and

regional conditions like language and culture, it is important to implement those programmes

at a national level. In this sense establishing partnership among EU cities allows the creation of

wider benefits when implementing PED projects at a regional level, as capacity, knowhow and

financial/legal instruments can be shared between connected cities and thus help in improving

and expanding national capacities and training materials. This also supports professionalising

governance systems and ensures increased impacts.

Capacity building goes hand in hand with research and innovation actions, in order to ensure

that training curricula are up to date with the actual requirements for innovation for PEDs. Thus,

different actions are recommended to ensure process sustainability and continuity comprising

bottom-up community-level actions, linking technological and social innovation aspects,

capacity building and engagement with civil society, dissemination activities and training

courses on smart cities, analysis of existing business and contracting models and proposals for

new business, guidelines on multidisciplinary approaches.

Co-creation, Open Innovation, Public Sector Innovation and Procurement

Transformation pathways towards PEDs require a structured approach of navigation,

leadership, ownership and enablement as well as the establishment of organizational structures

to manage the PED development and implementation in an interdisciplinary way in cooperation

between public, industry and research sector as well as the citizens. In order to develop their

roadmaps towards PEDs and eventually Positive Energy Cities, urban authorities need to

review their existing city, regional and national strategies, securing support from all political

and operational levels, Councillors, Council Management and Strategic Policy Committees for

this innovative work to become part of their formal city development plans.

For this transformation to take place, strong leadership is core to the approach. Constant

engagement and co-creation of the vision and roadmap will enable community leaders to

emerge and ensure that citizens and businesses in the PEDs as well as the wider community

know, understand and participate in the development of the PEDs. The transformation process

needs to have the appropriate human, technological and financial resources. This transformation

is not a one-off process but rather a constant cycle of supply and demand of information both

at macro level “visionary” and also “operational”, grounded in the daily reality.

Furthermore, the transformation towards PEDs requires an open innovation framework in

order to secure involvement and co-creation of the key stakeholders in different sectors. This

can be obtained by organising regular meetings, workshops and brainstorming sessions between

the cities, industry partners, local stakeholders and other interested parties. During these

activities, participatory design methods, forecasting, mock-ups, storyboards, future workshops,

54

brainstorming and experience prototyping methods can be used to identify and address the

needs of the stakeholders in an effective manner. This co-creation process aims to align goals

and priorities, to promote cross-cultural communication, understanding and collaboration, and

to speed up the learning process and iteration of results across the stakeholders and value chain

and.

The focus on public sector innovation and scaling up Smart City type actions should not be

limited to the dissemination of PED projects. It is important to have a broader perspective in

mind to elaborate the potentials of rolling out Smart City plans in Europe. One crucial element

in rolling out these kinds of initiatives is to empower the role of cities, especially the smaller

and mid-size cities. Therefore, the local conditions of cities need to be understood as well as a

focus being placed on non-technological barriers, such as:

● Political and cultural context,

● Financial requirements and sustainable business models,

● Local conditions on capacity and knowhow / skills,

● National requirements on public procurement,

● Social and organisational opportunities and constraints,

● Local stakeholders.

The integration of the above issues in appropriate way in order to ensure the desired results of

public sector innovation. In this regard innovative public procurement has the ability to push

innovation to lead market strategy by encouraging the application of innovative energy

technologies at the tender level which represents an enormous boost to deploy innovative

solutions of PEDs. For this purpose, different instruments can be applied targeting the

development of investible PEDs projects like green public procurement, e-procurement, pre-

commercial procurement (PCP) or research oriented public procurements. Nevertheless,

innovative procurement should not remain a prerogative of the public sector. It must act also as

a paradigm to encourage private projects to follow this trend. Both public and private actors

can also act as “role models” or “pioneers” in energy efficiency issues.

Replication, upscaling and mainstreaming

Replication, upscaling and mainstreaming enabling cooperative innovation, including

replication profiles, feasibility studies, intellectual property rights, market access, and STI

cooperation.

Partnership among cities allows the creation of wider benefits when implementing PED projects

at a regional level, as capacity, knowhow and financial instruments can be shared between

connected cities as it is considered in the recently started H2020 projects for SCCs. Such

projects consider the replication of the implemented PED lighthouse projects in the follower

cities by ensuring further exchange and upscaling of the different solutions within the regions

where the pilot actions have taken place. In this regard, adequate need to be taken to roll out

and tailor the solutions to fit specific local and regional conditions.

Business models for implementation and operation of PEDs Within the development of

PEDs concept, the construction of interconnected new buildings and deep and networked

retrofitting of existing buildings, are extremely expensive. To reach the expected high impact,

55

the first step will certainly be to optimize subsidies, adapted to demonstrators or specific local

priorities like social housing. Ongoing discussions for future programmes like FP9 or Structural

Funds for 2021-2027 should ideally consider dedicated envelopes or guaranteed percentages of

regional programmes. Once they are secured, specific strategic loan plans like the Juncker Plan

should be optimized for these issues. Besides, to ensure large scale transition, there is a strong

need to develop and apply sustainable business models that consider the whole process of

building, operation and maintenance of PEDs and engage all actors among owners, city

authorities, national regulators, real estate developer and operator of the energy infrastructure

and local energy communities.

The development process of such models consists of mapping and evaluating of the existing

successful models in the building and contracting branches to identify further modifications and

enhancements needed for application on PEDs. The models should fit to the prevailing national

circumstances related to social, economic, financial and legally aspects (e.g. disbursing the cost

of transforming existing building stock to PEDS) and support the upscaling and the future

replication of PEDs.

56

ANNEX 4: JPI URBAN EUROPE INNOVATION ACTIONS

A substantial knowledge base has already been created within JPI Urban Europe research

projects. Other national and international (incl. EU framework) research initiatives are also

generating knowledge about the development of urban environments including both

technological and socioeconomic aspects.

However, much of this knowledge is not accessible to potential users and is not easily

implemented. Implementation of new solutions can be hindered by institutional barriers (e.g.

standards and regulations for construction, installations, procurement), social barriers (e.g.

resistance of organisations and individuals to accept new ways of doing things) and financial

barriers (business models to implement social innovations are unclear or not viable, or there are

insufficient possibilities for scaling up innovations).

JPI Urban Europe thus calls for Innovation Actions that tackle these barriers and address

implementation issues. Innovation Actions will work on concrete urban challenges and focus

on developing a proof of concept and learning on a European scale using transdisciplinary

consortia with active participation of both municipalities and companies.

To ensure that such Innovation Actions supported by JPI Urban Europe have a lasting value,

the participating cities must express its support and intention to develop follow-up activities by

implementation in a real-life situation. Sharing innovation experiences amongst European cities

is the key to effectively tackle city innovation problems.

Innovation Actions of the JPI Urban Europe invite municipalities, businesses, researchers, civil

society and other stakeholders to build project consortia to create challenge-driven innovations

for European urban areas that have the potential to result in commercially successful services

and products. To this end Innovation Actions are expected to:

Have a challenge-driven approach with the problem owners in an active role and

relevant stakeholders to address this problem in the consortium;

Have transdisciplinary and trans-sectoral collaboration with active cooperation

between all stakeholders throughout the project;

Be focused on innovative solutions, getting to a proof of concept, demonstration, or

test replicability and scalability;

Show the added value of European collaboration.

Describe the way in which gender and diversity aspects are relevant

57

ANNEX 5: TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF PEDS

Cities must move from green districts to plus energy districts (PEDs) over time to reach the

European energy and climate targets. Zero/Plus Energy Buildings (ZEBs/PEBs) represent the

pioneers for the future PEDs. The main features of PEBs are their reliance on on-site renewable

energy supply, advanced energy saving measures in terms of efficient construction (building

insulation and orientation), efficient appliances and optimized operation and maintenance.

Compared to PEBs, PEDs have specific advantages and opportunities in achieving higher

energy performance due to the positive synergy of interaction and integration of various

building types, the larger energy system and the diver users and consumption behaviours.

A5.1. The Imperatives of Technology Roadmap for Deploying PEDs

The proposed technology roadmap offers a development pathway to support the planning

process of deploying PEDs within an integrated sustainable urban transformation process. It

focuses on identifying innovative technologies to tackle the persisting challenges and enable

the implementation of integrated solutions needed for deploying PEDs.

Within the interdisciplinary process implementing, upscaling and finally large-scale

deployment of PED the establishment of a technology roadmap is essential considering that this

process mainly driven by technological innovation that still face allot of challenges and gaps as

elaborated in Annex 3. Moreover, even if the innovative technologies are developed, their

transfer to and implementation in the real-world remain strongly dependent on the development

of regulatory framework and financial schemes needed to convert such technologies in reliable

and feasible solutions. However, the three dimensions are mutually interacting within a

development process where innovative technologies can be an important driver and enabler for

establishing new regulation and financial schemes (Figure 1). Thus, the selection of appropriate

business models to implement the new technologies is essential for PEDs deployment. As

elaborated in Annex 3, the deployment of PEDs faces a set of persisting challenges and gaps

that need to be tackled to enable the integration of PEDs within the city future development

vision and support its further upscaling and deployment in respect to the prevailing socio-

economic and urban development status.

A5.2. Urban Transformation and Integrated Energy System Planning

The deployment of PEDs is an integrative process imbedded within a long-term urban

transformation strategy including a bold energy transition plan of the considered city reflected

usually in a sustainable energy action plan (SEAP). Such future vision projects the future urban

energy system development under the condition of increased deployment of PEDs based on

consistence spacio-temporal scenarios reflecting the future socio-economic and technological

development of the considered city. This approach allows for reflecting future socio-economic

trends and attitude on the energy demand side and incorporating technological innovations of

58

energy efficiency improvement, increased electrification in covering energy services and

considering the interaction and integration between the buildings. Within the conceived energy

transition the supply side account for the successively increased dependence on local

renewables that will intensify with the scaling up and replication of PEDs within the city.

Besides, the penetration of innovative flexibility options (like energy storage, DSM and ICT,

EV) will build the corn stone for achieving the perceived positive energy balance of the

deployed PEDs which will gradually penetrate the city energy system and interact with it.

PEDs development and deployment will be realized within such integrative urban

transformation process with focus on achieving a sustainable energy transition. Accordingly,

PEDs has a central role to play in this interdisciplinary process where various technical,

financial, social and legal driving aspects are experiencing a deep transformation with allot

of innovative needs to tackle the persisting gaps and enable the perceived development

trajectory. adopt to such an emergence.

Figure 1: Interaction and synergies of technological, financial and legal aspects affecting the deployment of

PEDs within a sustainable urban transformation process

A5.3. Lessons-learned from implemented PEBs/PEDs

The review of selected ZEBs/PEBs shows a variety of technologies and smart solutions at

building levels that provide an important basis for the future development of PEDs (Annex 2).

Zero Bills Home in BRE Innovation Park in Watford (UK) presents an inspiring case for

innovative PED due to its location in a big innovation park and the ongoing replication.

Stroomversnelling project in NL deals with the conversion of exiting building to ZEB and

shows that effective energy saving measures of ZEB can save about two thirds of the energy

consumption of traditional buildings. It applies innovative planning approach, adopts a co-

creation process among key stakeholders during the implementation and operation process and

offers also an attractive business model based on Government-funded scheme to finance the

retrofitting costs.

Technology

•Innovation•Reliability•feasibility

Finance

•Cost effectiveness•External support and subsidy• Business models and

Investment mechanism

Regulation

•New regulatory framework

•Incentive policies•Enforcement measures

and building ownership

59

Zero Village Bergen is a district of different building types aiming to achieve energy self-supply

by relying on renewables and applying passive houses with full insulation, underground thermal

energy storage and EV charging.

The Plus Energy Village in Wildpoldsried is a special multi PEDs achieving 500% energy

excess by employing several RES (PV, solar thermal, wind, small hydropower, biomass and

biogas).

The Seestadt Aspern demonstrate a smart research object with different building types to acieve

nearly PEDs using PV, solar thermal, heat pumps, thermal and electric storage and ICT-based

energy management system.

The above elaborated examples beside many others internationally implemented or planned

PEBs/PEDs projects show the main energy system characteristics of PEBs/PEDs of on-site

renewable energy supply (like roof-top PV and air source heat pumps) beside advanced energy

saving measures in terms of efficient construction (building shell insulation and orientation),

efficient appliances and optimized operation and maintenance, local storage of power and heat,

EV-charging and the ICT-based energy management system. The evaluation allows for the

following conclusions:

The realized ZEBs/PEBs show a variety of technical, financial and regulatory concepts

depending on the local conditions and the set of building types.

Currently available energy storage technologies are still lacking behind the needed

capacities to manage the short- and long-term power and heat availability. EV as part

of PEDs solutions is still in its infancy and needs a lot of R&I for further synchronisation

with the overall concept of electric load management.

The current fragmented knowledge and experiences on PEDs illustrate the need to

establish database for PEDs or use an already existing one like SCIS to document new

advancements and thus enable a systematic exploitation of the accumulated experiences.

The database should offer an open source on different technologies, services,

construction and retrofitting solutions, financial and legal aspects as well business

model and current best practices.

The retrofitting process to qualify traditional buildings to PEBs/PEDs requires case-

dependent solutions in respect to the prevailing local socio-economic, legal and climate

conditions. In case of historic urban areas special architectural aspects are crucial.

Even though the promised high quality and liveability of PED’s living environment is

of high importance, public acceptance and citizen engagement is strongly linked to the

affordability of the costs incurred by the building conversion to PEBs/PEDs. Hence,

cost sharing approach and new business models need to be applied to ensure that the

transition to PEDs will be affordable for the majority of citizens.

A5.4. Integrated innovative solutions for deploying PEDs

The currently persisting technological challenges, hindering the deployment of PEDs, call for

innovative solutions at the integrated scale of the urban energy system considering the internal

interaction of different building types within the PED beside its intersection with the larger

energy system of the surrounding urban neighbourhood. Broad literature review and expert

interviews reveal the following conceptual solutions to tackle the key challenges:

- Provision of sufficient areas for onsite PV generation beside the optimal utilization of

other local renewable energy sources,

60

- Ensuring highest energy efficiency at buildings and district level, e.g. highly insulated

building envelope and windows, integrated PV and solar-thermal façade with architecture

oriented and adapted to passive use of sun and efficient lighting, DSM and smart

metering,

- Providing technically feasible solutions for long-time storage of heat and electricity over

days and weeks and even seasons,

- Need for flexibility options to manage the intermittent behaviour of renewable energy

sources and optimize the real-time management of several energy vectors including

power, heat and EV,

- Developing modular hybrid microgrids and considering the opportunities of DC grids

integration,

- Applying modular concept with interoperability features for the different district

components,

- Developing appropriate technological, administrative, and business solutions tailored to

integrate PEDs with the surrounding neighbourhood and the city energy system.

- Another innovative contribution to over technological gaps comes through the

industrialisation of the processes, like fabricating modular and standardized elements to

speed up work and reduce costs, and production models planned on groups of buildings

rather than single ones, have also contributed to overcome obstacles and drastically

reduce costs.

Among all the challenges, one outstanding bottleneck is to find suitable administrative solutions

and business models to enable the deep retrofitting and converting existing buildings to PEBs

and thus accelerate the deployment towards PEDs. This challenge is proven by the fact that

about 75% of existing buildings in OECD will still be in use by 2050 (Dulac and LaFrance,

2014)13.

A5.5. R&I Needs and Innovation Fields for Implementing and Deploying PEDs

Intensive R&I is needed to provide, develop and deploy integrated solutions, in order to enable

the deployment of PED across EU countries. The main research activities with their expected

technological leaps are embedded within four fields related to local renewable energy

generation, advanced energy efficiency measures at building level, heat and power storage and

load control (Figure 2). Furthermore, PED requires the adaptation of integrated solutions in

term of optimized infrastructure, smart energy network, building interlinkage, ICT, and other

elements related to demand side management. In terms of any technological leap, further

innovation can be stimulated by adopting new approaches, like biomimicry (inspired by nature).

13 Dulac, J. and LaFrance M. 2013. Transition to sustainable buildings: Strategies and roadmaps to 2050. IEA,

61

Figure 2: Key research fields of technological innovations needed for deploying PED

To prepare the deployment of PEDs at large scale, research on the following technologies needs

to be prioritized:

❒ Highly efficient buildings:

● Highly efficient building envelope using thin insulation technology

● Super-insulated windows (triple layers with U<0.6 W/m2 K) and dynamic solar control

● efficient lighting: LED and CFL standard

● Integrated façade: optimized designs and orientations for better harvesting of daylight

and passive heating, reduction of cooling loads and electric peak demand; integrated PV

and/or solar-thermal collectors

● Efficiency standards need to exceed the standards of passive housing, efficiency should

not suffer because of the Net-Zero objective

❒ Renewable and clean energies

Solar energy in term of On- and off-grid PV, and solar thermal,

Wind (allocate remote sites around the urban areas),

waste-to-power/heat

Ground source heat pumps, water to air heat pumps, air heat pumps

Move from centralized district heating to decentralized networks and low-temperature

❒ Heat and electricity Storage:

o New types of batteries without lithium

o Phase change materials,

o Power-to-gas (H2, methane), small pumped storage

o Make use of thermal storage capability of each building (e.g. thermal inertia of floor

and ceiling)

o Long-term storage for electricity and heat

o Phase-change materials as promising material for heat storage

Energy saving measures: highly efficient building envelope, well-insulated windows, highly efficient appliances and HVAC, air- and ground-source heat

pumps, integrated PV and solar-thermal facade

Renewable energy sources: local PV, renewable thermal, wind energy, waste-to-power/heat

Storage of heat and electricity: effective batteries, H2, high thermal inertia of floor and ceiling, EV , power-to-gas

Optimized energy infrastructure and load control of power and heat: smart urban energy networks, microgrids, ICT and mobility, building

interlinkage

Optimized operation and periodic maintenance of buildings, equipment and infrastructure

62

o Exploring the potential of alternative of new electrochemical storages.

❒ Smart urban energy networks, ICT and mobility,

Smart management systems and related business models

Vehicle-to-grid integration

Interoperability of ICT for urban services (integrated ICT architecture, based on

common formats, standards and protocols)

Controller-algorithms in grid balancing

Reactive power compensation

Smart electric grid+ ICT: functioning as aggregator to enable sustainable and

efficient energy use

Cloud platforms related to the building sector for the purpose of combination of

aggregated and open data to support energy efficiency measures, incl. investments

and real-time control.

The expert interviews revealed that one of the most urgent action items is to find technically

feasible solutions for long-term storage for electricity and heat over days and even weeks and

seasons. Currently, pumped storage presents the most feasible option of large scale electricity

storage. This option should be expanded and optimized for small scale applications. However,

pumped storage is just one option for e-storage which is not necessarily applicable in all

countries and locations. Moreover, smart management systems and new business models

present additional challenges.

A5.6. Technology Roadmap for PEDs in EU

A bundle of integrated joint actions is needed to accelerate the conversion of existing building

stocks to PEDs and stimulate the transition to PED for new building. At a quick glance, the

following main steps for a proposed technology roadmap for deploying PED in EU within the

time horizon of 2025 can be addressed, as presented in Figure 2.

Figure 3: main steps for a technology roadmap to deploy PED in EU

The main steps of the technology roadmap are summarized as follow:

1. Lessons learned: comprehensive evaluation of existing PEBs/PEDs demo cases across

EU countries and beyond to specify challenges, barriers and opportunities identified in

various socio-economic, technological, financial and legal fields related to the planning

and implementation of the projects.

2. Identification of opportunities and challenges for PEDs deployment in EU in technical,

financial and regulatory dimensions based on lessons-learned, emerging technologies and

needs for innovative solutions for application on PEDs;

Potentials and challenges for PEDs in EU: policy of energy infrastructure,

innovative energy saving and storage

R&D for innovative solutions

Large-scale market

introduction

63

3. Preparing a strategic plan on R&I to coordinate the effort among research organization

and industry to realize the desired innovative technologies for realizing PEDs (see above

section on R&I needs).

4. Demonstration of case studies for PEDs: establishment of pilot PEDs projects within the

Smart Cities and Communities Initiatives for different climate situations in the EU, e.g.

Northern, Central and Southern Europe, in order to implement and test innovative

solutions and explore suitable business models, and addressing techno-economic and

regulatory concerns. This implies an intensive monitoring scheme for improvement and

optimization of the new adopted technologies and the applied integrated solutions. In this

regard the applicability of existing urban energy modelling tools can be tested and further

improved, to establish integrated energy modelling concepts for local energy systems for

future application;

5. Policy guidelines: conduct comparative assessment among the case studies addressing the

demonstrated pilot projects to extract recommendations and policy guidelines regarding

the potential of technology deployment and appropriate business models for future

replications;

6. Deployment plan: setting up a medium to long range Replication Plan of the

implemented pilot PEDs within the lighthouse cities and the fellow cities;

7. large scale market introduction: based on the successful implementation of pilots in the

lighthouse cities and the further deployment in the fellow cities, a large-scale introduction

of PEDs in the global market will be initiated and supported until reaching the market

maturity

In line with above steps it is worthwhile to mention that the investment necessary for large

demonstration projects like the Smart City Light House projects can only be made by large and

comparatively wealthy cities. As many European cities do not fall into this category, initial

replication solutions could start with medium-size demonstration projects. Some kind of multi-

criteria assessment is necessary for moving to the next stage in demonstration and replication.

Furthermore, developing a systematic toolbox can help projects to avoid common mistakes and

learn from existing examples.

A5.6.1. Messages and Recommendations Along the implementation of the TRM

The developed TRM come with a set of key recommendations targeting the key stakeholders

responsible for developing, implementing and deploying the innovative integrated concept of

PEDs within the EU cities. Those stakeholders consist of R&I institutions, industry,

construction companies, energy suppliers, municipalities, city governors, regulatory

authorities, financing institutions, national government, citizens and consumer.

The majority of the recommendations addresses jointly different stakeholders calling to take

appropriate actions. The main recommendations are summarized as follow.

64

Recommendation Targeted Stakeholders

Treat the deployment of PEDs as integrative part of city’s long-term urban transformation strategy and integrated within a bold energy transition plan (like sustainable energy action plan: SEAP).

Municipality, city governors, energy suppliers

Promote the use of renewable energy via decentralized energy production systems


Accelerate the development of innovative technologies and integrated solutions on different renewable energies and energy efficiency, and power and heat storage forming that form the key elements for implementing PEDs

R&I institutions, industry, energy suppliers,

national governments and EC

Support the applied research for developing innovative and cost-effective solutions to handle the bottleneck challenge of power flexibilization and power and heat storage

R&I institutions, industry, energy suppliers

Ensure coordination between national and regional governments, local policy makers and local communities

EC, national governments, city governors,

Stimulate the cooperation among municipalities, housing businesses, R&I institutions, industry, construction companies, financial institution and private investors to enable cost-effective technological innovations for PEDs

Municipality, city governors, national governments

Support the rollout and market uptake of urban data platforms and smart cities management systems

Municipality, city governors,

Establish medium-sized demonstration projects as pilot PEDs by EU-area for learning and adaptation and subsequent upscale

EC, national governments,

Develop a systematic toolbox to help PED implementation projects avoid common mistakes and learn from existing examples

R&I institutions, industry, construction companies

Adopt advanced business models to deal with the technical, economic and regulatory challenges for deploying PEDs and in particularly disbursing the cost of transforming existing building stock to PED

Financing institutions, city governors, national governments

Translate the technologies into attractive “transactions” with the customer

Industry, consumers, citizens

Propose innovative policy incentives on EU-level (new regulation, financial incentives, etc.) to stimulate the market, encourage investors and support consumers on the way to introduction and deployment of PED across EU countries

EC, national governments,

Establish a new energy policy framework to enforce/encourage the deployment of PEDs

EC, national governments, Municipality, city governors,

65

Develop Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Total Cost Assessment (TCA) methods for GHG emissions and other environmental impacts related to PEBs/PEDs

R&I institutions, Municipality, city governors,

Consider remote sites in adjacent urban areas, or the surrounding regions, for additional bioenergy, or electricity supply through wind and solar parks during the peak demand period.

energy suppliers, municipalities, construction companies,

List enablers and barriers based on previous experiences (departmental silos; budgets and financial flows, lack of dedicated budgets, teams and processes; targets and performance management processes; attitude to risk and failure limits experimentation; etc.)


Launch a PED Support Service, with an easy to use service for cities to assess their capability to create PEDs, including clear benefits for cities and stakeholders to encourage participation.

EERA smart cities members, interested Municipality, city governors,

Consider -by each new PED project- to embrace the challenge of discovering, analysing, understanding and exploiting their own unique local potentials (e.g. geothermal, wind, open water for cooling or waste materials)


Take into consideration that neighbourhood-scale projects are effective in term of bringing social and economic benefits for the community on top of energy and emissions savings

Municipality, city governors, energy suppliers, citizens and consumers

Setting up platforms to bring stakeholders together and facilitating difficult stakeholder constellations e.g. in multi-ownership settings.


Consider having an interdisciplinary team in place right from the start of the planning process of a PEDs.

R&I institutions,

municipality, construction companies, energy suppliers

Consider that converting existing building to PEDs is a big challenge calling for developing and rolling-out know-how, affordable and replicable solutions and business models

Municipality, construction companies, financial institutions

Ensure effective citizen involvement and engagement as it is a key for success

Municipality, citizen

Adopt evidence-based national strategies for the renovation of the building stock bringing together supply and demand for renovation, regulation and finance, with the view to achieve affordability for both tenants and owners (EPBD)14

National government, Municipality, construction companies

Develop the relevant skills in the field of demand (building owners) and supply (renovation companies) of renovation as

National government, Municipality,

14 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

66

well as finance (loans and subsidies) and regulation (related to split incentives)

construction companies, financing institutions

set-plan action n°3.2 implementation plan europe …...technology (set)-plan on action 3.2 “smart...

Documents