setting up a web server
DESCRIPTION
Setting up a Web server. Setting up basic services ... Web server maintenance ... More features. Setting up basic services. Pre-compiled server Source + compilation Site-specific configuration Installing the server Starting the server Mapping URLs to documents ... Testing the server - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 1
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Setting up a Web server
• Setting up basic services ...
• Web server maintenance ...
• More features ...
![Page 2: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 2
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Setting up basic services ...• Pre-compiled server
• Source + compilation
• Site-specific configuration
• Installing the server
• Starting the server
• Mapping URLs to documents ...
• Testing the server
• Setting up home pages ...
• Public access conventions ...
• Announcing server ...
![Page 3: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 3
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
httpd (NCSA) subdirectories ...
• cgi-bin
• conf
• icons
• logs
• support
![Page 4: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 4
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Mapping URLs to documents ...
• Minimal URL to reach server: http://server-name ...
• Different port: http://server-name:port_number ...
• URL --> real dir translation ...
![Page 5: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 5
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Minimal URL to reach server: http://server-name ...• No directory path / filename ==>server
returns
• index.html in ServerRoot directory or (if no file)
• directory index (like ls -1)
![Page 6: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 6
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Different port: http://server-name:port_number ...• Append virtual name of document
(except root-dir index)
• Path to doc (not absolute)
![Page 7: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 7
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
URL --> real dir translation ...• Virtual dir in beg. URL path? (def'd in Alias /
ScriptAlias in srm.conf)• Yes: replace vir. dir. w/real dir.
• Prefix of /~user-name?• Yes: ~user-name/public_html/<file>
• Doesn't exist ==> error• Else DocumentRoot at beg. Path• Alias, ScriptAlias, UserDir directives in srm.conf ....
![Page 8: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 8
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Alias, ScriptAlias, UserDir directives in srm.conf ....
• Virtual directory• E.g.,
• Alias /icons /usr/local/etc/httpd/icons/• http://server-name/icons/mybitmap.xbm
==>• /usr/local/etc/httpd/icons/
mybitmap.xbm
![Page 9: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 9
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Setting up home pages ...• home.html
• Single / in various directories• Sign: hyperlink to HTML signature page at
bottom• Every page
• Date: creation / modification• Every page; automate
• Status: Stable / under construction
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Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 10
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Public access conventions ...
• Server name starts w/ www.
• E-mail alias for comments, tips, requests etc.
• webmaster alias: webmaster@domain-name
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Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 11
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Announcing server ...
• Info ...
• Announce to ...
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Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 12
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Info ...
• Owner
• Contents
• Status
• URL
![Page 13: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 13
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Announce to ...
• comp.infosystems.announce
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Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 14
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Web server maintenance ...
• Updating HTML documents
• Managing log files
• Moving directory structures
• Mirroring documents and servers ...
• HTTP logs and log analysis ...
![Page 15: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 15
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Mirroring documents and servers ...
• htget Perl script: get HTML non-interactivel from Web server
• Duplicate part or all of another host's dir tree
![Page 16: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 16
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
HTTP logs and log analysis ...
• Two log files (in ServerRoot dir.)
• Error log (logs/error_log)
• Transfer log (logs/access_log)
![Page 17: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 17
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
More features ...
• Adding MIME types ...
• Enabling server-side includes ...
• Automatic directory indexing ...
![Page 18: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 18
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Adding MIME types ...
• Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions• E.g., text/plain, text/html, image/gif,
video/quicktime, application/postscript• New: leading x-
• E.g., application/x-http-cgi, text/x-server-parsed-html
• Adding ...
![Page 19: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 19
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Adding ...• AddType• AddEncoding• DefaultType• E.g., identify HTML documents
• First line of file contains <HTML>• Filename ends with .html• .htm (DOS 8.3 filename)
• AddType text/html htm
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Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 20
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Enabling server-side includes ...
• Files• Values of environment variables• Dates, doc sizes, authors, HTML in
multiple docs.• Examples (see my homepage)• Not enabled by default in httpd ...• Security issues ...
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Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 21
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Not enabled by default in httpd ...
• Enable: server-wide / per directory• Options Includes (or IncludesNoExec) in access.conf
• Which files get includes inserted• Almost every file
• srm.conf: AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .html• Sparingly
• Define new file extension for files needing processing
• AddType text/html shtml• AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .shtml
![Page 22: Setting up a Web server](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681376a550346895d9f026e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Institute for Visualization and Perception ResearchI VP R 22
© Copyright 1998 Haim Levkowitz
Security issues ...
• IncludesNoExec more secure than Includes
• More later