Settlements

Human/Urban Geography

What are they?Settlements are purposely grouped and organized

clusters of houses and buildings.

Historical Approach

• England has a complex cultural geography

• 5000 years ago, the earliest settlers left their marks with monuments such as Stonehenge

• Later the Celts occupied England (ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and Irish)

• Romans then came and built fortified towns

Main gate into York

Roman Bath and Abbey

Hadrian’s Wall

• Later Angles and Saxons came and drove the Celtic peoples to northern Britain.

• Vikings raided the coastal areas and also built settlements

• In 1066 William of Normandy conquered England. William brought in many French lords and gave them a lot of land for settlement. This led to future contention between England and France which remains today.

• Henry VIII came along and destroyed the Roman cathedrals

• This is part of a destroyed cathedral in York (the dissolution of the monasteries)

• Each of these peoples left an imprint on England and its landscape.

• This process is called sequent occupance a process of settlement by successive groups of people in which each group creates a distinctive cultural landscape

Local Settlements

• What are some examples of sequent occupance in the Waterloo region?

Paragraph Assignment

Consider that Sequent Occupance is reflected by layers of imprints in a cultural landscape that reflect years of differing human activity.

Choose any city in the world and write a ½ pg paragraph (approximately 200-300 words) describing the changes in physical and human landscape over the many years of occupancy.

Think of: the different groups that occupied the area, how they used the land/resources, how they changed or added to the

landscape (physical and human)

Due: Tomorrow