Physics project Dab Swaggers

Prepared by – Aastha KrupaTanushKrish Shivam

Introduction• Sewage is wastewater from domestic activities such as

cooking, cleaning, laundry or bathing

sewage

• Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater primarily from household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater (or treated effluent ).

Sewage treatment

• Residual of Sewage treatment is semi-solid waste or slurry, needs to be retreated before disposed off or land application.

Residual

Importance of Sewage system

Exposure to sewage through ingestion or bodily contact can result in disease, severe illness, and in some instances death from the bacteria, viruses and parasites contained in the waste. Therefore, it is important for sewage to be properly treated.

To reduce pollution and maintain good environment

Effects due to improper system

In many developing countries the bulk of domestic and industrial wastewater is discharged without any treatment or after primary treatment only

Overall ecology or environment get effected by way of;1) Increase impurity of water, both surface and

ground water2) Oil, Grease and lighter solid floats, blocks exchange

of oxygen and affects evaporation process3) Residual Chlorine affects aquatic life 4) Increase level of bacteria, viruses, and

other pathogens in water body creates more infections.

Effects due to improper system5) Waste water contains high level of Nitrogen

and Phosphorus, supports to increase blue-green algae. To decompose algae, bacteria use more oxygen, result in de-oxygenation of water, causing loss of aquatic life.

6) Sewage contains the nutrient phosphorus, which if discharged into lakes can cause excessive aquatic plant growth leading to degradation in water quality.

7) Higher level of bad odor from sewage effluent affects air quality.

8) Increase water scarcity problem.

Indian DatabaseAs per ‘Ministry of Environment’, GOI – Approx Sewage generation in Country is 60,000 MLD (Million Liter of water per day) , treated 20,000 MLD, balance 40,000 MLD untreated

The five states namely Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi & Gujarat account for approximately 50% of the total sewage generated in the country. Maharashtra alone accounts for 13% of the total sewage generation in the country.

No sewage treatment plant has been established in seven states/UTs viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Daman Diu, Nagaland , Assam and Tripura

Status of sewage generation and treatment

State wise percentage generation of sewage

Present view of Mumbai Mithi River

Source : CPCB BULLETIN VOL.-I, JULY 2016, Updated on December 6th, 2016

Sewage Treatment PlantSource : CPCB BULLETIN VOL.-I, JULY 2016, Updated on December 6th, 2016

Sources of Waste water

House hold Effluent •Household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers,

kitchens and sinks

Industrial Effluent •Industrial process waste including toxic chemical

contents

Urban runoff (Storm water)

•As rainfall travels over roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other  sediment, heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and  oil and grease.

Disposal of Waste waterIndustrial pre-treatment• Industrial waste water needs pre-treatment as per Rule prior to

disposal in common industrial tank

Primary Treatment• By Sedimentation – Settle sludge and floating material including Oil

& GreaseSecondary Treatment• By Biological process - Used for sewage which are derived from

human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent

Tertiary Treatment• Final treatment to improve water quality prior to discharge in sea,

river, lake, wet lands, ground, etc.• This stage also known as ‘Effluent Polishing’

THANK YOU