sewer & sewage
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
1/18
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
2/18
ContentsWhat is sewer
Types of sewers on the basis of working
Types of sewers on the basis of material used
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
3/18
Sewers
Under ground Conduit or drain
Conveyance of sewage
Started from point of production of sewage
Terminates at the point of disposal
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
4/18
Types of sewer Sanitary sewer
Storm sewer
Lateral sewer House sewer
Branch sewer
Main sewer
Outfall sewer
overflow sewer
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
5/18
Materials used for sewer Asbestos cement
Plain or reinforced cement concrete
Vitrified clay or stoneware Bricks
Cast iron
Steel
Plastic
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
6/18
Selection of material Hydraulic efficiency
Resistance to abrasion
Resistance to corrosion
Strength Durability
Cost
Weight Imperviousness
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
7/18
Asbestos cement sewer
Mixture of asbestos fibre, cement and silica
Asbestos fibre as a reinforcing material
Other constituents converts it into a dense
homogeneous material under pressure Diameter vary from 75mm to 500mm
Length 3 to 4 m
Used only as verticals
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
8/18
Asbestos cement Advantages
Considerable strength against internal pressure
Easy handling
Easy cutting and joining
Resistive to salts and other corrosive materials
Relatively smooth
Disadvantages
Brittle and need careful handling
Low structural strength
Susceptible to sulphide corrosion
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
9/18
P.C.C. & R.C.C. sewers P.C.C. pipes diameter vary from 80 mm to 450 mm
Thickness vary from 25 to 30 mm
For bigger diameters r.c.c. pipes are used
Usual mix 1 : 1.5 : 3 Maximum size of aggregates limited to 6mm
Water cement ratio
varies b/w 0.5 to 0.7
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
10/18
P.C.C. & R.C.C. sewers Advantages
Strong under internal pressure as well as externalpressure
Can be made of any desired strength
Easily manufactured even at the sight
Used for main sewers and branch sewers
Disadvantages Get easily corroded and pitted due to corrosive action of
the contents of the sewers
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
11/18
Vitrified clay or stoneware sewers
Manufactured from clay and shales
Ingredients are taken in desired proportionate
Formed in pipe press at about 0.85 N/mm2
Vitrification achieved at 1200c
NaCl added to place the surface of pipe
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
12/18
Vitrified clay sewer Advantages
Highly resistant to sulphide corrosion
Resistive to erosion
Hydraulically efficient Highly imperious
High compressive strength
Cheap and easy availablity
Disadvantages
Weak in tension
Brittle in nature
Bulky and heavy
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
13/18
Brick sewers
Used since olden days Plastered from outside
Purpose-made bricks are used
Preferred for large sized Combined sewer
Lined inside with stoneware or ceramic blocks
Resistive against sulphide corrosion
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
14/18
Cast Iron Sewers
Can withstand in tensile, compression as well as bendingstresses
Coated with paint or cement concrete
Diameter from 150 mm to 750 mm Length up to 3-3.5 m
High strength
Costlier
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
15/18
Steel sewers Light in weight
Perfectly impervious
Can absorb vibrations and shock loads Used in high external and internal pressure
Used for mains outfall and trunk sewers having largediameters
Corrosion resistive either due to heavy galvanizationor bituminous coatings
Easily welded
Costlier comparison to others
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
16/18
Plastic sewers Still in experimental stage
High hydraulic efficiency
Corrosion resistant
Available in longer lengths
Easy joining and bending
Taken in use,in Netherlands,
Scandinavia, France etc.
In India, recently started as domestic sewers
-
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
17/18
Reference.. http://www.sewerhistory.org/grfx/components/pipe_a
sb.html
http://www.butkus.org/sewers/sewer_repair.htm http://www.inspectapedia.com/septic/SepticPumps.ht
m
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewer
http://www.askmehelpdesk.com/plumbing/can-replace-part-cast-iron-sewer-stack-75877.html
http://www.butkus.org/sewers/sewer_repair.htmhttp://www.inspectapedia.com/septic/SepticPumps.htmhttp://www.inspectapedia.com/septic/SepticPumps.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewerhttp://www.inspectapedia.com/septic/SepticPumps.htmhttp://www.inspectapedia.com/septic/SepticPumps.htmhttp://www.butkus.org/sewers/sewer_repair.htm -
8/2/2019 Sewer & Sewage
18/18