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Shakespeare: His Life and Times
Adapted from
http://www.public.asu.edu/~muckerrm/English_321_S2005/Introduction.ppt
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Early Life
Born 1564—died 1616
Stratford-upon-Avon
Parents: John and Mary Arden Shakespeare
• Mary—daughter of wealthy landowner
• John—glovemaker, local politician
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From: http://www.where-can-i-find.com/tourist-maps.html
Location of Stratford-upon-Avon
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As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896).
Stratford-on-Avon in Shakespeare’s Time
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From Stratford’s web site: http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/index.htm
Stratford-upon-Avon Today
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
Shakespeare’s Birthplace
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• Probably attended King’s New School in Stratford
• Educated in:
• Rhetoric
• Logic/Mathematics
• History
• Latin
Education
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
King’s New School
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• Married in 1582 to Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant at the time with their first daughter
• Had twins in 1585
• Between 1585-1592, he moved to Londonand began working in theatre.
Married Life
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
Anne Hathaway’s Cottage
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• Member and later part-owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later called the King’s Men
• The Globe Theater was built in 1599 with Shakespeare as the primary investor.
• The theatre burned down in 1613 during one of Shakespeare’s plays.
Theatre Career
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The Rebuilt Globe Theater, London
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The Globe Theater
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The Plays
38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare
14 comedies
10 histories
10 tragedies
4 romances
Possibly wrote three others
Collaborated on several others
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• 154 sonnets
• Numerous other poems
The Poetry
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did NOT write in Old English.
• Old English is the language of Beowulf:
Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum
Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunon
Hu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon!
(Translation: Hey! We have heard of the glory of
the Spear-Danes in the old days, the kings of
tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did NOT write in Middle English.
• Middle English is the language of Chaucer and
Malory:
We redeth oft and findeth y-write—
And this clerkes wele it wite—
Layes that ben in harping
Ben y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare wrote in Early Modern
English. (Sonnet 116)
• EME was not too different from Modern
English.
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Shakespeare’s Language
• A mix of old and very new
• Rural and urban words/images
• Understandable by the lowest peasant and
the highest noble
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Elizabethan
Theatrical
Conventions
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A theatrical convention is a
suspension of reality.
No electricity
Women forbidden to act on stage
Minimal, contemporary costumes
Minimal scenery
These
control
the
dialogue.
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Audience
loves to be
scared.
Soliloquy
Aside
Types of
speech
Blood
Use of supernatural
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Use of disguises/mistaken identity
Multiple marriages (in comedies)
Multiple murders (in tragedies)
Last speaker—highest in rank (in tragedies)
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Let`s play Shakespeare
Antony and CleopatraCoriolanusHamletJulius CaesarKing LearMacbethOthelloRomeo and JulietTimon of AthensTitus Andronicus
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“All the world 's a stage,
And all the men and women
merely players.”
Shakespeare: actor, playwright, poet, and so, so much more. . . .
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