shale gas: research needs from a european perspective...technology for a better society • shale...
TRANSCRIPT
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Technology for a better society 1
Maria Barrio, SINTEF Petroleum GTS Seminar, 27th May 2014
Shale Gas: Research needs from a European perspective
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Technology for a better society
Conventional and unconventional oil and gas
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Source: America’s New Energy Future: The Unconventional Oil and Gas Revolution and the US Economy. Volume 1: National Economic Contributions. An HIS Report. October 2012.
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• Shale gas • Shale oil • Non-shale un-conventionals
• Tight gas • Coal bed methane • Methane hydrates • Tar sand (Canada) • Heavy oil (Venezuela) – is this unconventional?
• Gas-to-liquid (GTL) • Coal-to-liquid (CTL)
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What is "unconventional"?
Tight oil ≠ Shale oil Resources ≠ Economically recoverable resources
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Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives, 2012
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Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives, 2012
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Source: World Energy Outlook 2013
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Source: World Energy Outlook 2013
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1: Shale gas is a transnational issue
Major unconventional natural gas resources in Europe
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Public perception
2: Need for independent research based knowledge
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Technology for a better society
The role of SINTEF
• SINTEF, as a non-commercial foundation, is able and willing to provide objective information. To be in that position, insight in the technical issues is absolutely necessary.
• SINTEF will provide independent research based knowledge for the industry,
public, politicians and decision makers. Public perception is a critical issue for all decision makers, and the public and politicians should get access to credible information sources.
• In those areas where unconventional O&G activities are undertaken, there is also a need for independent R&D in order to ensure continuous efforts to develop and use technology with less environmental impact.
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VERSUS
3: Not possible to copy US shale gas production
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• Assessment of shale gas potential • Technology for safe exploitation • Environmental impact & footprint • Energy and carbon efficiencies • Regulations, market and policy issues • Public perception
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Multiple disciplines in Shale Gas
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* Output maps: - Total organic carbon (TOC) - Hydrogen index (HI) - Accu. thickness (m) of organic facies classes
C15+ ARO
NSOC15+ SAT
Primary Migration
Generation
Reservoir
* Natural fracturing and pressure modeling in shale gas
Seismic interpretation
Well data Rock properties TOC from logs using OF-MOD
Petroleum System Modelling using SEMI
Reconstruction of geopressure using SEMI-Pressim*
Estimate expulsion and retention processes of HC in gas shales using SEMI PriMig
Our modelling workflow strategic
development Source rock modelling on basin scale using OF-
MOD* Sensitivity and
risk analysis
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Technology for a better society
• Industrial challenges: • Increase recovery and extend production plateau of producing reservoirs • Reduce environmental footprints to a public acceptable minimum
• This requires new technology for:
• Characterization of low permeability heterogeneous reservoirs • Drilling of horizontal & well sealed wells • Optimized & controlled fracturing • Monitoring of fracturing operations and reservoir scale recovery
Gas & Oil Shale Production
Particle model for layers in shale
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Technology for a better society
• In situ matrix & fracture system permeability from laboratory measurements and geomechanically coupled reservoir simulation • Adsorbed vs. free gas vs. bound water vs. free water… • Water- Shale interaction? • Role of shale anisotropy • A multi-scale challenge!
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New Technology for Characterization of low permeability heterogeneous reservoirs
m mm µm nm
Optical microscope SEM
SEM / TEM
FIB/SEM analysis of Mancos Shale (Torsæter et al., SINTEF, SPE 2012) →
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Technology for a better society
• Borehole stability has to be assured • Drillability in hard rock may be an issue • Long term sealing is essential, requires high cement quality
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Drilling of horizontal & well sealed wells
Experimental tests with small samples • Fast triaxial tests on cm size samples • Uniaxial & Shale punch tests on mm size
samples (e.g. drill cuttings) • Core scratch & ultrasonic velocities to assess
shale strength
Borehole collapse in hollow cylinder test
performed at SINTEF
Illustration of undamaged small core sections (orange) vs. damaged large samples (white)
In-house developed shale punch test holder for
mm size samples
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Mancos Shale (5000 frames per second,
Orientation 15°)
Mancos Shale (200 frames per second,
Orientation 60°)
Nat Simpson, MSc project 2013 + Gas Shale SIP; ARMA 2014
Lab Example of fracture initiation: Brazilian tests with high speed camera + AE
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Technology for a better society
Fracturing in a naturally-fractured formation: Anisotropic in-situ stresses
• Fractures run approximately normal to the minimum in-situ stress.
• The simulation ends with a fracture breakthrough to the boundary of the model.
1 MPa
1 MPa
2 M
Pa 2 M
Pa
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Well integrity
• Improved materials and procedures for remediation of well leakages
• Diagnostics of well failure
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Thanks to the Gas Technology Centre for support to EERA Shale Gas participation
Slide Number 1Conventional and unconventional oil and gasSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7 1: Shale gas is a transnational issue Public perceptionThe role of SINTEFSlide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Fracturing in a naturally-fractured formation:�Anisotropic in-situ stressesWell integritySlide Number 20