shaper,planer2.pdf

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Production Technology (DPE 101)Dr. M. Atta

Feb. 2011 1

Processes for machining horizontal, vertical and inclined flat and

contoure sur aces, s ots, grooves an ot er recesses y means ospecial single point cutting tools.

.

Surface produced by a shaper

e - oc


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Feb. 2011 2

Difference between the three types

Shaper Planer Slotter

1

the tool on the ram is moved

back and forth across the work.

workpiece on the table travels

back and forth under the tool

the tool on the ram is moved up

and down across the work.

2

jobs

.

Jobs as large as 6 metre wide

and twice as long can be

machined.

smaller jobs.

3 Is a light machine It is a heavy duty machine. Slotting is light machine

4Can employ light cuts and finer

feed.

Can employ heavier cuts and

coarse feed.

Can employ light cuts and finer

feed.

5 Uses one cutting tool at a time Several tools can cutsimultaneously.

Shaper uses one cutting tool at atime

Driven using quick- return link The drive on the planer table is The rams are either crank-driven

6 mechanism either by gears or by hydraulic

means

or hydraulically driven.

7 It is less rigid and less robust Better rigidity that give more It is less rigid and less robust


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Feb. 2011 3

a) Shaping b) Planing c) Slott ing


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Feb. 2011 4

ShapingSpecification of shaper

1. Maximum ram stroke (mm)

2. Work table surface (W*L)3. No. of stroke per min (st/min)

4. Motor ower KW

(1) The column(7) The slot with the clamp.

8 The tool slide and feed screwe mo or

(3) the ram(4) the table

handle.(9) Ratchet and pawl mechanism

(10) the elevating screw of the table.

(6) clapper box uppor rac e

(12) The levers for setting (st/min)


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Feb. 2011 5


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Feb. 2011 6

Specification of planer

1. Max. Workpiece dimension

(W*L)2. Table speed (m/min)

3. Vertical tool feed er stroke mm

4. Table motor power (KW)

Planer


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Feb. 2011 7

Specification of slotter

.

2. Work table diameter (mm)

3. Max distance between tool post

4. Max distance between ram

guide and work table (mm). o or power


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Feb. 2011 8

Quick-return mechanismsThese types of machine tool are of rectilinear cutting

motion therefore, the rotary motion of the drive is converted

into reciprocating motion.

The metal is removed in the forward cutting stroke, while

the return stroke goes idle and no metal is removed during

this period.The cutting mechanism is so designed that it moves at a

comparatively slower speed during forward cutting stroke,

a faster speed to reduce the idle return time.

.


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Feb. 2011 9

The reciprocating movement of the ram and the quick

anyone of the following methods:

1. Lever rocker arm mechanism (shaper).

2. Slider crank mechanism slotter .

3. With worth quick return mechanism (shaper and slotter).

. y rau c system a t e types .

5. Variable speed reversible motor (slotter and planer).

6. Rack and pinion mechanism (planer).


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Feb. 2011 10

Hydraulic system

1. Greater flexibility of speed (infinite variable)

2. Smoother in operation

3. Ability to slip in case of overload, thus eliminating tool andmachine damage

. .

5. Providing a constant speed all over the stroke.


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Feb. 2011 11

Rack and inion mechanism


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Feb. 2011 12

Lever rocker arm mechanism

1. Speed adjustment 3. Stroke osition

2. Stroke length

adjustment

adjustment

4. Quick return action


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Feb. 2011 13

Quick return action

Cutting ration =Time for cutting stroke

=tC

Angle of cutting=

C

= =1

s ro eng e o return

strokeR

return action (inverse proportional).


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Feb. 2011 14

Feed Mechanism

1. Driving disc

2. Drivin in

3. Connecting link

4. The pawl carrier. aw

6. The ratchet wheel

How to reverse the direction of the machine table and to

make the feeding rate zero.


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Feb. 2011 15

Tool mountingTool head

Back block

Tool post


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Feb. 2011 16

Work holding devices


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Feb. 2011 17

Machining time

iW.

)1( mNL

Nfm

. 1000c

sL

N

.2

mVV Rc

V is the average cutting speed

Vc is the mean cutting speedVRis the mean return speed

= w w1 w2m is the inverse of the cutting ratio


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Feb. 2011 18

It is required to machine three slots, in a workpiece, of 20 mm.

wide and 30 mm. hei ht b a sha in machine. The stroke len th

is 450 mm. the shaper makes 30 stroke/min with feed rate 0.25

mm/stroke and cuttin an le 210. Take the de th of cut e ual 5

mm. Calculate:

1 Avera e cuttin and return s eeds.

2) The machining time.

3 How can the feed ad usted if the sha er table cross slide lead

screw has 5 mm. pitch and tooth wheel of 75 teeth.

shaper,planer2.pdf

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