share user conference 2015 what are the benefits of volunteering for volunteers
TRANSCRIPT
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What are the benefits of volunteering for volunteers?
5th SHARE User ConferenceNovember 13, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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The project
Impact of the Third Sector as Social Innovation Funded by the European Commission Coordinated by Universität Heidelberg (Prof.
Helmut Anheier) 9 countries
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Our team
Prof. René Bekkers Arjen de Wit Dave Verkaik Danique Karamat Ali
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The questions
Does volunteering keep you healthy? (reviews by Brown & Brown 2015, Bekkers, Konrath
& Smith, 2014, Jenkinson et al. 2013) Does volunteering keep you happy?
– (Aknin et al. 2013, Meier & Stutzer 2008) Does volunteering prevent you from
unemployment? And prevent you from retiring? (Paine et al. 2013, Strauss 2009)
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How to estimate the benefits of volunteering?
Estimates on cross-sectional data includes both selection and causation
We cannot randomly assign people to be a volunteer or not
Changes in volunteering and changes in outcome variables
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The data
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), 2004-2011
German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), 1984-2011
Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey (GINPS), 2002-2014
Longitudinal Aging Survey Amsterdam (LASA), 1993-2006
Swiss Household Panel (SHP), 1999-2013
British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) / Understanding Society (US), 1996-2012
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The data
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), 2004-2011
German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), 1984-2011
Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey (GINPS), 2002-2014
Longitudinal Aging Survey Amsterdam (LASA), 1993-2006
Swiss Household Panel (SHP), 1999-2013
British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) / Understanding Society (US), 1996-2012
Today's special: only people aged 50+ in all datasets
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Volunteers are healthier
SHARE0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Non-volunteersVolunteers
Across Europe...
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Volunteers are healthier
SHARE DE GSOEP0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Non-volunteersVolunteers
...in Germany...
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Volunteers are healthier
...in The Netherlands...
SHARE NL GINPS LASA0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Non-volunteersVolunteers
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Volunteers are healthier
...and in Switzerland.
SHARE CH SHP0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Non-volunteersVolunteers
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Volunteers are happier
Across Europe...
SHARE0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Non-volunteersVolunteers
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Volunteers are happier
...in Germany...
SHARE DE GSOEP0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Non-volunteersVolunteers
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Volunteers are happier
...and in Switzerland.SHARE CH SHP
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Non-volunteersVolunteers
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How about volunteering and employment status?
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How about volunteering and employment status?
No job Job Retired0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Non-volunteersVolunteers
SHARE
Across Europe...
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How about volunteering and employment status?
No job Job Retired0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Non-volunteersVolunteers
No job Job Retired0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70GSOEP
...in Germany...
SHARE DE
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How about volunteering and employment status?
No job Job Retired0
10
20
30
40
50
No job Job Retired0
10
20
30
40
50
Non-volunteersVolunteers
...in The Netherlands...
SHARE NL GINPS
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How about volunteering and employment status?
No job Job Retired0
10
20
30
40
50
60
No job Job Retired0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Non-volunteersVolunteers
...and in Switzerland.
SHARE CH SHP
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Selection or causation?
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Selection or causation?
Hypothetical example of the development of well-being as a result of causal influences of volunteering
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Selection or causation?
Hypothetical example of the development of well-being as a result of both causative influences of volunteering and selection processes
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Changes in self-reported health status
SHARE
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteering Quit volunteeringStart volunteering
**
***
Across Europe...
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Changes in self-reported health status
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
SHARE DE GSOEP
...in Germany...
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-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
Changes in self-reported health status
LASA GINPS
...in The Netherlands...
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
SHARE NL
***
**
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Changes in self-reported health status
SHARE CH SHP
...and in Switzerland.
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
******
*
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Changes in subjective well-being
SHARE
Across Europe...
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteering Quit volunteeringStart volunteering
***
***
*
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-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
Changes in subjective well-being
SHARE DE
...in Germany...
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
GSOEP
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-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
Changes in subjective well-being
SHARE CH
...and in Switzerland.
SHP
-0.05
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
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Changes in employment status
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Changes in employment status
SHARE
Across Europe...
Into retirementInto unemployment
Into employment-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
***
***
***
*
SHARE
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-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
Changes in employment status
SHARE DE
...in Germany...
GSOEP
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
***
***
***
******
*
Into retirementInto unemployment
Into employment
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-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
Changes in employment status
SHARE NL
...in The Netherlands...
GINPS
Into retirementInto unemployment
Into employment
***
***
***
******
***
***
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-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Remain volunteeringQuit volunteeringStart volunteering
Changes in employment status
SHARE CH
...and in Switzerland.
SHP
Into retirementInto unemployment
Into employment
***
*** **
***
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Conclusions
Only moderate effects on self-reported health and subjective well-being
Starting to volunteer goes together with retiring SHARE data generally show substitution between
voluntary work and paid work Most variance can be attributed to selection
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Limitations
Different surveys have different questions, survey modes, sampling etc.
Not a perfect measure of causality
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Next steps
Look at variation between volunteers Examine explanatory mechanisms Compare different estimation techniques (fixed-
effects/first-difference, propensity score matching, instrumental variables)
Pool all data
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Next steps
Look at variation between volunteers Examine explanatory mechanisms Compare different estimation techniques (fixed-
effects/first-difference, propensity score matching, instrumental variables)
Pool all data
→ mega-analysis
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Thank you.
Report “Welfare impacts of participation”available at www.itssoin.eu
Arjen de Wit@[email protected]