sharing experiences in writing scientific research articles universitas terbuka 2 – 4 february...
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Sharing Experiences in Writing Scientific Research
Articles
Universitas Terbuka2 – 4 February 2015
Past is experience, present is experiment. Future is expectation Use experience in your experiment to accomplish expectation
1. Answering the question, but it does not solve the problem
2. Solving the problem, but it is unworkable
3. Granting a solution despite it has no problem at all
Paradoxal ...Paradoxal ...
Is your manuscript prepared to be:1.Presented in a world conference?2.Published in an international scientific journal?3.… or others …?
Pre-condition …Pre-condition …
QualityQuality
FlexibleFlexible
EducationEducation
Accessible
Affordable
General Overview
Konteks Ranah Penelitian UT ...Konteks Ranah Penelitian UT ...
Central focus of an article review*
1. Significance and clarity of the research problem – purpose of the paper
2. Significance and clarity of the central argument3. Strength of the theoretical framework and
literarture review4. Adequacy and relevance of the evidence relative
to the argument5. Organization, style and quality of the language
* International Journal of Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning
Acceptable in its present form Acceptable subject to (relatively minor) revision or
amendament Rejected in its present form, but a resubmission of a
substantially revised paper should be encourgaed Rejected
Research PaperAims at investigating a particular aspect through empirical study
Case studyDescribes a specific institutional, program or course setting in order to contribute to the development and sharing of such best practices
Concept paperProposes new theoretical/conceptual models/frameworks relevant to certaint field of interest
Position paperProvides original perspectives, interpretations and insights pertaining to some aspects of research, practice or policy of opinion of scholar
* Journal of Online Learning and Teaching
Types of Manuscripts*Types of Manuscripts*
Research article structures*Research article structures*
AIMRaDAbstract – Introduction – Materials & Method – Result – and Discussion
AIRDaMAbstract – Introduction – Results – Discussion – and Materials & Methods
AIMRaD*CAbstract – Introduction – Materials & Methods – Combined Results & Discussion – Conclusions
AIBCAbstract – Introduction – Body of Paper – Conclusion
* Margaret Cargill & Patrick O’Connor
13-Typical questions in Evaluating Manuscripts13-Typical questions in Evaluating Manuscripts
1. Is the contribution new?2. Is the result significant?3. Is it suitable for publication?4. Is the organization acceptable?5. Do the methods and the
treatment of results conform to acceptable scientific standards?
6. Are all conclusions firmly based in the data presented?
7. Is the length of the paper satisfactory?
8. Are all illustration required?9. Are all the figures and tables
necessary?10. Are all figure legends and table titles
adequate?11. Do the title and abstract clearly
indicate the content of the paper?12. Are the references up to date,
complete, and the journal titles correctly abbreviated?
13. Is the paper excellent, good or poor?
The Logical FrameworkThe Logical Framework
RATIONALE BackgroundRATIONALE Background
Literature Review
Relevant Methods
RESULTS Discussion & Argument
Concluding RemarksConclusions, Implications
& Recommendations
All CITATION is in APA format
Abstract: What you did & got?
Rationale – Background …Rationale – Background …
• Introduction of the problem– Start with identifying the research issues
• Development of the background– Review the pertinent literature (be very
concise) by underlining variables manipulated and how they are measured
• Statement of purpose and the reasons – Be very explicit (based on the relevant
literature reviewed for prediction)
The typical length of 400 – 600 words
Literature Review … Literature Review …
Conceptual framework– For each and all variables involved: Cited
from relevant field of studies (referred to minimum 7 of recent publications) Finding the General Model
Operational framework– Contextualization from conceptual level to
operational level Use as a bases of developing hypothesis, instruments and later for the sake of analysis
The typical length of 600 – 800 words
Comparative Experiment & Expost Facto
AssociativeCorrelational, Causal, Causal
Model & Measurement
Methodology ...Methodology ...
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed Meth
Narrative, Phenomenology, Ethnography, Case Study,
Grounded Theory & Content Analysis
Evaluation (Policy, Program), Research & Development, Action
Research
Evaluation (Policy, Program), Research & Development, Action
Research
DeductiveDeductive
InductiveInductive
UnionUnion
MethodsMethods ……
1. Participants: Who participated, how many of them, how they are selected – identify important participants’ characteristics
2. Materials: Provide a complete description of the materials used
3. Apparatus: Report all physical characteristics 4. Procedures: Review what was done to the participants
from the beginning up to the end 5. The design of experiment and how the participants
were assigned to each activity are described
Invloving: Participants, materials & Procedures
The typical length of 300 – 500 words
Present all results – including non-significant one• When reporting statistical results, always include
associated measures of variability• Give verbal description of the results taken from
Tables, Figures, and Graphs)• Do not interpret the results in the results sectionIn the discussion, review argumentatively whether:• The results supported by the hypothesis, or vice
versa • They are consistent with the published literatures• The results are tied in with the hypothesis stated
in the beginning
Results – Discussions & ArgumentsResults – Discussions & Arguments
The typical length of 1500 – 2500 words
ConclusionCritical output and outcome of the research, the most significant one up to the less one; theoretically, practically and methodologically
ImplicationLessons learnt that might by useful for others from their specific need
RecommendationAlternative important keypoints that shlould be taken into account for future direction, internally amd externally
Concluding Remarks …Concluding Remarks …
The typical length of 200 – 400 words
Artikel “Mulus” Publikasi ... ?Artikel “Mulus” Publikasi ... ?
Berbasis Penelitian Ilmiah! Penelitian Proses mengumpulkan, mengolah, menganalisis
dan menyimpulkan data yang didukung kajian konseptual dan kerangka teoretik guna memecahkan suatu masalah untuk tujuan* tertentu
* Menjelaskan, mengeksplorasi, menguji, menemukan, atau mengembangkan
Ilmiah Bersifat – bercirikan keilmuan:
Logis/rasional, empiris, dan sistematis
Refleksi Refleksi Iman, Ilmu, Ikhtiar, IstikomahIman, Ilmu, Ikhtiar, Istikomah, Ikhlas, Ikhlas
Absolute – IlahiahIsoteric – Zero Conflict
Strategical Ma’rifat
Tactical Hakikat
OperationalSyariat
Think big
Think big
Start smallStart small
Act nowAct now
Up to finishUp to finish