sharpshooters/spittlebug - ucanrsharpshooters after counting • • replace traps when dirty or no...
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SHARPSHOOTERS/SPITTLEBUGBlue-green sharpshooter
Graphocephala atropunctataWillow sharpshooter
Graphocephala confluenceGreen sharpshooter
Draeculacephala minervaMeadow spittlebugPhilaenus spumarius
Red-headed sharpshooterXyphon fulgida
1/4 inch 1/4 inch 1/5 inch5/16 inch
Look-a-likeThamnotatettix zelleri
This insect can be confused with BGSS, however it is NOT a VECTOR
Blue-green sharpshooternymph
Glassy-winged sharpshooterHomalodisca vitripennis
Smoketree sharpshooterHomalodisca liturata
Authors: Lucia G. Varela, Rhonda J. Smith & Monica L. Cooper, UC Cooperative Extension. Photos: Jack K. Clark (except where noted). © May 10, 2016 by the Regents of the University of California
Nymph
Adult
1/2 inch
Smoketree sharpshooter head and back are covered with wavy, light colored lines while glassy-winged sharpshooter is stippled with yellow spots
Gary
McD
onal
d
Hind leg
Spittle conceals one to several spittlebug nymphs
Color variation in meadow spittlebug
~1/4 inch
Authors:LuciaG.Varela,RhondaJ.Smith&MonicaL.Cooper,UCCooperativeExtension©May10,2016bytheRegentsoftheUniversityofCalifornia
Pierce’s Disease Vectors, their Habitat and Monitoring Methods
VECTOR Blue-green
sharpshooter (BGSS)
Willow sharpshooter
(WSS)
Green sharpshooter
(GSS)
Red-headed sharpshooter
(RHSS)
Glassy-winged sharpshooter
(GWSS)
Meadow spittlebug2
(MSB) Numberof
generations/yearOneinCaliforniaNorthCoast
OneinCaliforniaNorthCoast Three Four Atleasttwo OneinCaliforniaNorth
CoastTransmissionEfficiency1
High High Low Medium Low Low
BreedingHabitats
Riparianareas,someornamental
landscapesRiparianareas Grassesinwetarea
Grassesinwetareas,buttoleratesdrier
conditions
Crops(primarilycitrus),riparianareas,ornamental
landscapes,nativewoodlands,weeds
Riparianareas,ornamentallandscapes,weedsin&adjacenttovineyard
BreedingHosts Woodyperennials Willows Sedges,watergrass,rye,fescue
Bermudagrass,semi-aquaticgrasses
Woodyperennials,herbaceousplants
Herbaceousplantsincludinggrasses
Occurrenceinbreedinghabitat Frequent Sporadictofrequent Frequent Sporadic Veryfrequent Frequent
Movementintovineyard Alongriparianedge Fromwillowsalong
riparianedgeAlongirrigated
pastures&ditches
Alongirrigatedpastures&ditches,onBermudagrassin&adjacenttovineyard
Widespread AdultsbeginemerginginApril
Monitoringmethods
YellowstickytrapsCheckvinesvisually
YellowstickytrapsCheckvinesvisually Sweepnet(notattractedtoyellow) Yellowstickytraps
BeatingtraysSweepnet
Checkvinesvisually
Whattolookfor
BeforebudbreakthroughMay:placeyellowstickytrapsatleast4x7”insizeattheedgeofthevineyardadjacenttoariparianzone,woodedareaorornamentallandscape
• Placetraps100to200feetapart• Checktrapsatleastonceaweekandrecord#ofBGSSandWSSadults.Donotcountlook-a-likes.Removesharpshootersaftercounting
• Replacetrapswhendirtyornolongersticky
Mid-AprilthroughJuly:• LookforBGSSnymphsintheirpreferredhostplantsattheedgeofthevineyardwithsweepnet.Emptycontentsofsweepnetintoaclearplasticbagforviewing
• VisuallyinspectwillowtreesforWSSnymphs
AprilthroughMay:samplelushgrasseswithsweepnet;emptycontentsofsweepnetintoaclearplasticbagforviewing
AprilthroughMay:sampleBermudagrasswithsweepnet;emptycontentsofsweepnetintoaclearplasticbagforviewing
• BeforebudbreakthroughNovember:placeyellowstickytrapsatleast5.5x9”attheedgeofthevineyardadjacenttoariparianzone,woodedareaorornamentallandscape
• Place1trapper10acres• Checktrapsonceaweek.IfyoususpectGWSS,contacttheAgricultureCommissioner’sofficeandUCCE
• Replacetrapswhendirtyornolongersticky
• MarchandApril:monitorvineyardweedsfornymphs;lookforfrothyfoam(spittlemasses)whichconcealthenymphs
• AprilthroughMay:samplegroundcoverforadultswithsweepnet;emptycontentsofsweepnetintoaclearplasticbagforviewing
1Transmissionefficiency=insect’sabilitytomovethebacteriumbetweenhosts.2Therolemeadowspittlebug,Philaenusspumarius,playsindiseasespreadisunknown.