shell boilers - guidelines for examination

8/12/2019 SHELL BOILERS - Guidelines for Examination

1/28

Shell BoilerS? @ I?@?@ @ -@-? ?

?-@-? H @?(+B 1)


2/28

Ground polished

and etched surface Endplate

Smoke tube

Defective

region

Macrograph

of Shell/Endplate

and tube connection

showing defect

propagation insusceptible

region

Section removed for

metallurgical investigation

Boiler

shell

Shell/End plate

weld (set-in)

C-HJ @? @ J @


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E@? 2 / #J 2012

F@H@A G @? @ A@ @ ? C@ (AC) ? B@@

4 H J H@? @ @?: ?G @ +J A?F@? (+AF), ! ? +J EIG (!+E) ? @ ? .

@? H G ? 2012 J +AF @ ? @ ? ? @?H @ ? @ ?@@ @ ? J +AF ? ? @?.

? @ @ I?@? ? J @H ? +J +J @? (+" 2000 @. 128) - ??@H?, ? C@? @?.

@ ? @? ? H @? @ @@ ? ?@@ I? ? @G ?J J ? ? -@-? ??-@-? H ? @.

+J A? F@? - +AF - ? ? @ @? ?? ??? ?@? ? J ? @ ??? ? ?? ?,J ? ?J.

M +AFE A++E++&E FEDEA" 2012

A G. EI @ ?@ GH @, ?@ @ @? J

@, , @ ? G J @ ? ? ?J @ J ?J ?

@? @ ?, ?? @@@J?, @? @ J ?J ?@@?, @ @

G J H@ H? @? @ .

F J +J A? F@? , @?@? $ ? 1997, @? 2012


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@ C@??:

1 INTRODUCTION 5

2 BACKGROUND 6

3 SCOPE 7

4 FREQUENCY AND TESTS 8

5 PREPARATION 12

6 ASSESSMENT OF DEFECTS 15

7 REPAIRS 20

8 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATIONS 21

REFERENCES 24

APPENDIX 25

Shell BoilerS? @ I?@?@ @ -@-? ?

?-@-? H @?(+B 1)


5/28

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1 INTRODUCTION

? H ? 1993 ? @ A@ ? C@ (AC).

+? 1993 "?@? ?@? G ?@ ? ? ? @

@ I? -@-? ? ?-@-? H; @ @H

@G 10% @ @ ? 1995 I ? ? -@-? H* H 2.5% @ @ -@-? H;

? @ ? ? 1992/3. @ @ ? ??@ ? J @ "?@? ?@? ? @?@ @

? @ @, @G ?? @ ? @ ?? ?

@ @ ? ?; ? ? @@? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ H @ @?? @ ??.

! ? +J EIG' ? @ & 361 @G ? @? H

? G @ -? ? @ ? ? @??@? @ J @;

+AF @? & 36 ? @?J @ @ ?-G? ? @? @ ?@?.

1982 @? @ B+ 27902

?@ ? @ @? H @?

? @ @ ? ? H. @J @ ? ? ? @

?? ?? ? H? ?@? H, ? @ @?@ +?, @ G ? J ; @HG @ @

@? ? @? H @ @, ?@?-G ? (D)

? J ?@ ??.

+J +J @? (+" 2000 @ 128)3 ? + @EI?@? ? ?J @? ? @? ?J; ? ?

@ C@? @? H? @ J? @ @.

* For the purposes of this document reference to shell-to-endplate and furnace-to-end plate welds includes

access tube attachment welds for which separate acceptance criteria are specified.


6/28

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2 BACKGROUND

"? J 1970 "?@? ?@? H ? ?? ?

@ @ H ? ? @ @ @ ?? H @-@-? ? ?-@-? ? H. A @ @ @?

I?@? @ H H ?J ? ?, ? ?, H @

?@@? ? ? @.

EI? @H? @J @ ?-G ? @ @ @ ?? H ?@? @ ? @ ? ? @ ? .

+ H@ G G@ @ ? G ?@? ?

H@ G ? ?? J ?? ?G@?? H? @. @ @?@? @ @, ? I?@? ? @

?. IJ? ? @ H/ ? ? !

(H J) @?@, @? @ @?? @, @ ?G@??H? @ @??.

@ @ @? I?@? H @ ? @ @ @

?? H @ ? ?-@-? ? H; @HG D@ H @ @ ? ? @J @ H - @@?, ?@ ?@? ? ?? G - H @ @G.

"? 1984 ! ? +J EIG ? @ & 36 H

@ @ H? @J @ H, G ? @? ? @

?, @? ? @ @ @@J, @? ?@? @ @? I?@? ?G. BJ 1990 H @? & 36 H ? ? @

G@? ? @ @ @ H@ @;

@?? ? @?J ?-G? ? I?@?, @? ? .

?@@? ? J @ @ @? I?@? @ H @

@ @?@? @ ; ? :

@ H @ - H @ - @ ?

? @ ?-G @? I?@? ? J @@?

@ @? ? @ F@ A - @ @G @

?@?/H@ - ? @? ? @ @?@?.

@@ @ , ? ? ? @J @ H, ?

@ ? @ @? @?@? ? ?? ?@? ? ?G; J ? @ ? ? J @ J

@?@? @ ? ?? @H H? ?@? @

G ? @?. "? , ? @ , ? I?@?

? J? - J ? ?-@-? ? H ? G - H @ @ ? ? ?J4 ? ?

@ ? @?@?. ? , @G H H? ? ?, ?? @@? H ?J ? ?@

@? @?@?. ? @ - C 6 - ? G @

@@? ? ?/@? @ G ? @ @H? ? 1 ( 18).

? @? @?, @? I?@? ? ? @?

@G I? @ "?? ?@? ? ? @? @

@? ? ?@ ?? @ ?G.

+AFO E? C@ (EC) @ ? @? @??-G ?@? @ ? 1997 ? @ G ? ?@@ ?@

G @?.


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3 SCOPE

? J ?? @ @@H? @K@?, -, -J@:

+@ ? @ G @ @ @ @K@?, - @? ? ?, ? ? @ ?@ . ?

? H ?, ? H @ @

G @.

@?@? - H @ H @? -? ? -@?? @ ? ? @??@? - @ @? @:

?-G ? ?? @ H @ H ?

H? H

? J ?J @ @ -@-? ? ?-@-? @??@?

- ? @ H? @? .

@?@? - @G? @ ? @ @ H @?@? -

J@? @ @ @?.

+ @ (eB+ 2790)

@ H @ (eB+ 8555)

@? > 2

@? > 3

AD

@ > 650 AD

H@? > 100@C


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4 FREQUENCY AND TESTS

4.1 TIMING OF EXAMINATIONS

4.1.1 First in-service examination

, ?-G, @? H @? ? @ ? ? H @

@ H? @ @ @? @ ?? ?@ ? F"E J

@ ? ? ?@ .

G@J, ? H @ ?-G @? H @? I?@?@ ?? ? J; @HG, @ G ? @?

? ? F@ A @ @G @ ?@?/H@ ? I?

@H? ?J @ ? G @ ? @ @?J ?? J @.

"G @ @?@? ?-G @? H @?

I?@? @ ?? ?@ ? G J @ ? ??@ , ? @ @ ?@ ?@? @ @ @? @ @? @ @ @ ? H J G ? @ @H

G, C@? @? J @ I? .

" ?@?-G ? (D) @ ? ? H @?

?J @ @@H? @?@? ?@?:

IG @@@?

?? @@G? @ ?

G@? @

@ @ H - ? @@?

@G?

J? ? G ?? @? @@? @ J H

@ H ? N@?/@O ? @? ?; ??

J? J ?? @? @ C@? @? H? ? @??@? ?J.*

4.1.2 Subsequent examination

@J @ ? D @ ? ? ? @

G? ? C 6. !@HG, @J @ ? ?@ I F"E J.

4.2 EXTENT OF EXAMINATION (see note to clause 4.3 on page 11)

? ? H @ @ D @ ?J

@? @ @ @ H H @ @ @@ @ ?-

H. "? @?, @? ? ? @ ? (@ @? ? @ ? @? G @) @ @ ? @

@ @ ?? H. A ?-G @? I?@? @ H,

? @ ? ? @ . K @H @ G? ? 1 ( 18) ? ? ?@ ; @HG,

K I @, @ GJ F"E J. (+

+@? 6.2.2.1)

* Reduction of inspection intervals should be considered where boilers operate with excessive thermal cycling -

ie burner on/off 50 times per day.


9/28

WET BACK BOILER

Front Tube Plate

Tube Plate Rear Tube Plate

Wet BackReversalChamber

Wet BackReversalChamber Plate

Access Tube

Wet Back ReversalChamber Wrapper Plate

Furnace

Shell

Front Tube Plate

Rear Tube Plate

Reversal Chamber

Furnace

Shell

DRY BACK BOILER

9 @ 28? @ I?@? @ + B@ - +B 1

E@? 2 / #J 2012

Welds to be tested 100% (4.2.1)

Key to figure 1


I? ? ? @ D, @ @ ?-G ? @ ?I?@?, @ @H? ? 4.2.1 ? 4.2.2.

4.2.1 Furnace-to-endplate and access tube attachment welds

@? H @? @G ? ? @ H ? ?J ? F 1 - @ @ ? @? H C 8.

4.2.2 Shell-to-endplate attachment welds

@? H @? - @ H ? J ?F 1 - @ @ ? @? H C 8.

Figure 1: Boiler types


10/28

SEMI WET BACK BOILER

Front Tube Plate Tube Plate Rear Tube Plate

Semi WetBack ReversalChamber

Reversal ChamberWrapper Plate

Furnace

Shell

REVERSE FIRED BOILER

Furnace

Front Tube Plate

Rear Tube PlateShell

COAL FIRED BOILER

Furnace

Front Tube Plate Rear Tube PlateShell

10 @ 28? @ I?@? @ + B@ - +B 1

E@? 2 / #J 2012


Key to figure 1



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11 @ 28

A ? @ @ @ , H @ H ? I? ? 20%@ ? H. @ ?:

12 @'@ @@?.

Note

J @G @ @@?. ?@ @?J , @

@ ? @ @, @ I? @ H C@? @?.

I @O@ @@? H ? @ ?J ? @ @@ @

@

A @ ? @ ? H ? @- @ @ H? ?

"? @ - e @ - J @ @

? ? @ H @ I?@?.

4.2.3 Set on endplates

@@H? @? ? @ @, ? @? @ J @??

H? +B 1, @ ? @ @ @ ?? H @ the fullcircumference @ . @@H? ? :

A 0L ? @ ? @ H @@ @?

A? ? @ ?/ @ H @ @?

+ 2 ( 12).

4.3 ADDITIONAL TESTING / ASSESSMENT

" ?J @ I? G H I ? @ ?, ? ? @ H @ I?.

Note

"? @ ?? I? @ @? I?@? @? J ?

J I ? @ @? C@ @ C@?@?. " @ @? ?? ? @ @ ? @ ?@? ? @?@?;

@?@? ? ? - @ @? @ ?

? H - @ @ ? G.

D G H @ @ ? ? ?C 6, the ultrasonic operator should advise the owner/user immediately @

@ ? ? ? H C@? @?.

"? @ @ @ @H?/ @@? @.


12/28

5 PREPARATION

5.1 RESPONSIBILITY

@H?/ @ @ @ I?@? ? G? @ ?? @

@? @@/??.

C?? ? G J H ? @ @ ? ?.

C? - ? ? ? @ ?@ J J @ @

H H @? ? @.

5.2 SHELL ATTACHMENT WELDS

?/?@? @ @G @ ? 200 @ @@? @

H() @ ( +@? 4.2) ? ? F 2 ? 2.

+? @? ? @ H H @ @ , I@ @ @@J ? - @ , ? ? - @ @? .

+@J ? ??@ @ @ @?J.

Figure 2a: NDT preparation areas

Figure 2b: NDT preparation areas for set-on end plates

Shell

25mm 200mm 200mm

200mm

Furnace

WatersideWaterside

These areas require to be cleaned

to bare metal before the ultrasonic

examination can be carried out

450 -700

450 -700

450 -700

00

Shell

Internal

Fillet Weld

? @ I?@? @ + B@ - +B 1

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12 @ 28

Note to Figure 2b: @? @@? ? @ set-on ?

. ? ?

@@J ?@ @G @ ? @

@ 200 @ @ @

?? H.


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5.3 FURNACE ATTACHMENT WELDS

A H@/ @G @ H() @ .

@ ? ? @ H() @ @ @@J

? @ ? @@? @ @ H @ 200 @? ?

? ? ? F 2 ? 2.

@ @@J ? @ ? @@? @ @ ? @ @ 200 @ @ @ ? ? H @

? @ ? @H? ? F 2 ? 2.

@? ? H @ @ @ ?.

5.4 ATTACHMENTS

", ? @ @ I?@? @ H, ?J ? @ HJ ??J -H @ @, -H? @ @ @ ? @G H

@ J ? @G H.

5.5 OTHER CONFIGURATIONS

+@ @ ?J ? $ G ? @?@? @ @?G?@? J @H ?.

5.5.1 Typical European manufactured single furnace wet back

?? ?@@ ? I? @ @? J@ @ . @ ? @?? @J H

? @G @? @ ? . ? ? @ @

@J ? ( ?@ @H? @@). G ? ? @ @?

? @ N@IO @?? @??@? ? ? . G @? @K@?J ? @ @ ? . @I

?@ @ ? @ @ H @?? ? J@J. @ G ?@ @ J

@ J @@ @ @ @?G?@? J ??.

J ? H @J. @ @? ? ?@ J ? @ J J ? @ @

@@ @ @ @?G?@? J ??.

@? @ ? @?@? @ D G@ ? H

@??? J? @? @ . @:

F@? ? @ ? H

F@? @ ?? H

@ ? ? H

A?@ @ @G

F? @ G ? H

G @ ? H

J H? @? / ?

20% (I @? @?@? H? ?)

100%

100%

@?J

@ I? @@?@? @H

&" I?@?

@?J

@?J


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14 @ 28

5.5.2 Typical European manufactured twin furnace semi dry back

?? ?@@ H@ ? I? @ @? J

@ @ . @ ? @?? @J H? @G @? @ ? . ? ? @ @

@J ? ( ?@ @H? @@). G @J @G ? @ @?

? @?? @ ? G @ . ? @IJ75% @ @ ? . G H @?? J @

, @? J . ? H @J. ?

N?O ?@ @? H @ @ G H @ @G @ @? @ . @ @? ?@ J

? @ J J ? @ @@ @ @

@?G?@? J ??. @H @ @ J J ? ? ? ?? @ @? @? J

@ @ @ G H , @G? @ @ @

.

@? @ ? @?@? @ D G@ ? H

@??? J? @? @ . @:

F@? ? @ ? H

F@? @ ?? H

@ ? ? H

F? @ @ ? @ @ G ? H

G (@? ? )? H @

J H? @? / ? /H

20% (I @? @?@? H? ?)

100%

100%

@? @ ? @ @ I? @ @?@? @H

@?J

@?J


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6 ASSESSMENT OF DEFECTS

@@H? ? @ @?; @HG @ ?@ C@? @? @ ? @ ? @? @@@? ?

? ?J.

6.1 DEFECT TYPES

? H@ ? @ @ : ?

.

6.1.1 Surface defects

+ ? @ @ @ ?? H @ @@ @ ?-

H ? ? F 3. ?J H@ J @ :

? ?? @? - J ?:

?

@@ ?

@@ @?GJ

@G

@ @@ @?

F @ @@@?- ?

C? @ @ @@@?- ( @ ?@H? ?G@??J ) G@ ? G @ @? ?

, @ @?@? @ @.

Figure 3: Examples of surface defects

T

L L = 6mm Min

Defect at toe of

internal fillet weld

(Fig 3a)

Defect (a) at furnacetoe and defect (b)at tube plate toeof internal fillet weld(Fig 3b).

a t a

b

T

t

@@? @ F 3

= ?/ ? ()

= ? @ ? ()

/ = @ () = H K ()


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a

T

t

Incompletepenetration ofsingle sided weld

(Fig 3d)

a

T

t

Defect at root of

single sided weld

(Fig 3c)

6.1.2 Buried defects

B @ H? @J @ H ? - K@?

? ? F 4.

J @ @? @@? ? - @

H @?, ? ?@ H ?@? - ? @? @ ? ? @ ?-@-? @ ?-@- ?.

- @ ? @ H ?, H ? , ? ?

? G@ (G) - J ? @ @?@? ?

@? @?@? @ G? @ @? @ ? J ?? @? ?J @ @?

Figure 4: Example of buried defects

2a

T

L L = 6mm Min

t

Unwelded land

weld root crack

@@? @ F 4

= ?/ ? ()

= ? @ ? ()

2 = @ ()

= H K ()

@@? @ F 3

= ?/ ? ()

= ? @ ? ()

/ = @ ()

= H K ()


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6.2 ASSESSMENT

6.2.1 Surface defects

@ @ @ H @ @ @@ @ ?--

H , @ . @ G ? ? ? GJ @H H? @? H ?G@?? @.

+@H @@G? @ ? @ @ H J ? @

@@? @ @ @ @??@?. + @

J @ ? ?@ ? @ H ?J @ @@J @?@ ?@? ?G.

F@ ?- H @? @ @ B+2790 ?@ ?@? @ @ @@

@? @ I @ 2.5 - F 3 (F@

@? 6.2.2.3)

6.2.2 Buried defects

6.2.2.1 Set-in endplates

B @ ? 4 @ @ ? 1( 18).

B ? ?@ @? I?@? @H?/

? @G @?J G? ? G@J ? @?H @?@? ? ? ? K - 2 - @H

'&@?@' ? ? 1.

" K @H @ / ? ? 1 ? /4,

K @ @?@ @ H - 5 JJ ?G. " K @? @ @G @ ?, ? ?/@

. EI @ @ 1 G? ? A?I.

" @ @ ? 4 ( H ? ? 6)

@J ?? ? J @ ; ? @H K - 2 ? F 4 - @ ?@ I 4. (F@ ?

4 @ +@? 6.2.3)

6.2.2.2 Set-on endplates

"? @ -@? ? ? @ @ @?@?.

@ @? ? ? 1 ?:

= ? ? ()

= ? @ ? ()

2 = K


18/28

L2

2

L1

5

(11;3)

(12;3)

(13;5)

(16;8)(21.25;8.8)

(32;8)

(24;10.6)

(36.25;11)

(36.9;12.5)

(37.5;14.0)

(24;11.8)

(Para 6.2.2.1)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2a

T

P 1P

t18

20

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Monitor

Tube plate thickness T (mm)

(Co-ordinates of points)

S

ize2A(mm)

Monit

or

1.2T >t

1.1T >t

1.0T >t

? @ I?@? @ + B@ - +B 1

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18 @ 28

Graph 1B @ ? 4 @

1 6mm (see figures 3 & 4)

2 6mm

1 4mm

2 4mm

T = Endplate thickness

t = Shell/furnace thickness

2a = Defect size

Notes

1 ? ?@@? H? G @ /

.2 1 ? 2 ?@? ?@? ? @?J

? @ ? 4 @ . 6( 6.2.2.1) ? 0.7.

3 ? / < 1 G @ / = 1 @ .


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6.2.2.3 Access tubes

"? @ H? H G ? , H J J, ? ? J . "?

, @ @?, K - - ? ?- H @ 0.4

- F 3 ( 16).

Note

? @ @? @G ? @ @? @

? ? @ -@-? @ ?-@-? ?. F@ ??

@ ? @ H - J @? ? - @ ? ?.

6.2.3 Refined assessment

A @ ? ? - @?? ? B+ E 79106 - J @H K I @? ? +@? 6.2.2 @ ?.

"? :

@ , I?@? ? ? @ ?

?@ @? ? ??? ?

?? @? H @ @ ?@ ? ? @

? @ ()

?@? @? ? H @ ?@ I 100 / 2.

(+ @ , I?@? ? ? @ @ @? @?@? I @ @).


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7 REPAIRS

7.1 GENERAL

A ?? ? D @ @ @ ? @

C@? @? J? @. @? ? @ @ ? G? @ @? @ @ @?@?. F@ ?@@? @?

+A ? + 15, N @ @@? @ JO.

D @ ? @ ? J ?J @:

@?@? @ @ ?/@

? @

e @ @ @- H @ J @ @ .

"? G@? @ J C@? @? ? ?J @?

? @ ? ?J @ .

7.2 WELDING

@? ? H @ @? @ , @ @?

+?, @J @ J @ H @??; @ +? ?:

B+ E 287 17

B+ E "+ 15614-18

A+&E "9

7.3 PREFERRED TYPES OF REPAIR

"? @ J @ @ @ @ H @ @@ @

?- H (F 3 ? 3) @ NDO . F@ ? ?@ ( () ? F 3) H ?J ?J @ @G NDO @

? @ ? @ @ ? ? H .

? ? ?, @ I? @ ? @@@? @

? @ ?, J H @ @ @ ?.

+@H ? @ @@G? (


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8 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATIONS

8.1 OVERVIEW

@? @G ? @? H ?@J @ @ ?

I?@? ? +J +J @? (+" 2000 @ 128). @? @? C@? @? ? @ ? @

@ ? @? @@H - G? H? @ @ H@

@ J @ @?@?.

"? ?J ?? H ?? J C@? @? H@ ?J I? ? I @ @ ; ? H @? ?

@ J ?@ @?@?, C@? @? H @? @

?? J @:

D @?@? ? @? @@ @? @ @ H@

@ @J

@ @

.

@?@? @? ? @@H? @? ? @

C@? @? ? ? @G @? ? ? @ I?@?.

8.2 NDT ORGANISATIONS

+ @?@? H@ @ @? J @? e$A+ @?

@ B+ E "+ 17020 ?/@ @? J @? e@ B+ E "+ 9001.

8.3 ULTRASONIC OPERATORS

+J @ @@ H@ ? J @?@? @ @?, ?? ?

I?.

8.3.1 Qualifications

A@ G "" @? eC10 @ A+11 H @? @?@?.

8.3.2 Training

D@? G? @ ?? ? @? @ ?-G ? @ (+

C 6) ? ? ?@?-G ?.

8.3.3 Experience

D@? G? @ J? @ ?@?-G ? @ @

? G@? @ J ? I? G "" @@ H@ G@J ?.


22/28


23/28

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23 @ 28

J ? ? @ H @

D @ @ ??:

J

?J

?

C@? @

?GJ

@ @ @@? ? e3 DAC @ B+ 3923A?I $12

@ @ ? I?@?

D @ ?J (+ F 3) @ ? ?@ H

D @ ?J @ H ?@? @ ?- H

D @ ?J (+ F 4) @ ? ?@ H .

8.7 NDT METHODS

@? ? @? @ @ G ?@?-G @ @@? ? K? J @ @ J @ @? -@-? ?

?-@-? @ @.

"? @?@? H C@? @?, @ @ e? ?@?

@ B+ E "+ 9934-113

J @ ? @? ?.


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24 @ 28

REFERENCES

1 We$d defec accea&ce $ee$+ f'* "&-+e* "ce &'& de+*c"e e0a%"&a"'& ' f +e-"&e&d$ae ' f*&ace a&d +!e$$ c'&&ec"' &+ 'f +!e$$ b'"$e*+, ! ? +J EIG,

? @ & 36, #?J 1984.

2 B+ 2790, Sec"f"ca"'& f'* de+"& a&d %a&fac*e 'f +!e$$ b'"$e*+ 'f /e$dedc'&+*c"'&, B +? "?@?, @?@?.

3 Safe ' f P*e++*e S+e%+, +J +J @? (+" 2000 @ 128)

! ? +J C@@? A@G C@ @ 122, !+E @@

4 P*"ae c'* *e+'&de&ce, !+E &? E??? +@?, 1991/2.

5 B+ 855, Sec"f"ca"'& f'* / e$ded b'"$e* + f'* ce&*a$ !ea"& a&d "&d"*ec !' /ae*

+$ (*aed ' 44KW ' 3M%W) , B +? "?@?, @?@?.

6 B+ E 7910, G"de ' %e!'d+ f'* a++e++"& !e acceab"$" 'f f$a/+ "& %ea$$"c

+*c*e+, B +? "?@?, @?@?.

7 B+ E 287, Q a$"f"ca"'& e+ ' f /e$de*+-f+"'& /e$d"&, B +? "?@?,

@?@?.

8 B+ E "+ 15614-1, Sec"f"ca"'& a&d a$"f"ca"'& 'f /e$d"& *'ced*e+ f'* %ea$$"c%ae*"a$+, B +? "?@?, @?@?.

9 We$d"& a&d B*a2"& Qa$"f"ca"'&+, B@ ? C@, A+&E +@? ",

A? +@J @ &? E??, H @, +A.

10 C/E/2011, Ge&e*a$ Re"*e%e&+ f'* Q a$"f"ca"'& a&d PC N C e*"f"ca"'& f'*

NDT Pe*+'&&e$.

11 Rec' %%e&ded *ac"ce SNT-TC -1A , Pe*+'&&e$ Qa$"f"ca"'& a&d Ce* "f"ca"'& "& NDE,A? +@J @ @?-DG ?, C@, @, +A.

12 B+ E 1714, N'& de+*c"e e+"& 'f /e$ded #'"&+. U$*a+'&"c e+"& 'f /e$ded

#' "&+ . B +? "?@?, @?@?.

13 B+ E "+ 9934-1, N'& de+*c"e e+"&. Ma&e"c a*"c$e e+"&. ?

?, B +? "?@?, @?@?.


25/28

APPENDIX

C + ? A?I ? @ @? ? C 6 ? 1.

Case study 1

K @G / >1.2 ? ? 1 ? @ @

@ ? ? +@? 6.2.3.

Note

A I @ 13 ? @?@? H@ H@

@ @ ? @? I?@? GJ 5 J.

Case study 2

K @H / >1.2 ? ? 1 ? @ . " @

@G '@?@' ? ? @ @ ? @? I?@? GJ5 J.

25 6

32

20

13.5

7

13

10

16

8

? @ I?@? @ + B@ - +B 1

E@? 2 / #J 2012

25 @ 28

= 32

= 20

/ = 1.6

2 = 13.5

1 = 6

2 = 25

= 16

= 10

/ = 1.6

2 = 7

1 = 8

2 = 13


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Case study 3

K @H / >1.0 ? ? @ @H '@?@' ? ? 1. "

@ ? @ ?@ @ @? ?? .

Note

@? @ @ @ @? I?@? @ @

@ @ H.

Case study 4

< 6 ( 1 < 4) ? 2 > 4. (+

+@? 6.2.2.1)

18

20

20

4

6

12

16

5

518

? @ I?@? @ + B@ - +B 1

E@? 2 / #J 2012

26 @ 28

= 20

= 20

/ = 1.0

2 = 4

1 = 6

2 = 18

= 16

= 12

/ = 1.3

2 = 5

1 = 5

2 = 14


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Ground polished

and etched surface Endplate

Smoke tube

Defective

region

Macrograph

of Shell/Endplate

and tube connection

showing defect

propagation insusceptible

region

Section removed for

metallurgical investigation

Boiler

shell

Shell/End plate

weld (set-in)

C-HJ @? @ J @


28/28

Safety Assessment Federation

? 4, F F@@70 +@ @

I

@?@?+8 1

shell boilers - guidelines for examination

Documents