Health Consultation EXPOSURE INVESTIGATION

Indoor Air Testing

SHERWOOD MEDICAL SITE DELAND VOLUSIA COUNTY FLORIDA

EPA FACILITY ID FLD043861392

Prepared by the Florida Department of Health

MARCH 11 2010

Prepared under a Cooperative Agreement with the US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Health Assessment and Consultation

Atlanta Georgia 30333

Health Consultation A Note of Explanation

A health consultation is a verbal or written response from ATSDR or ATSDRrsquos Cooperative Agreement Partners to a specific request for information about health risks related to a specific site a chemical release or the presence of hazardous material In order to prevent or mitigate exposures a consultation may lead to specific actions such as restricting use of or replacing water supplies intensifying environmental sampling restricting site access or removing the contaminated material

In addition consultations may recommend additional public health actions such as conducting health surveillance activities to evaluate exposure or trends in adverse health outcomes conducting biological indicators of exposure studies to assess exposure and providing health education for health care providers and community members This concludes the health consultation process for this site unless additional information is obtained by ATSDR or ATSDRrsquos Cooperative Agreement Partner which in the Agencyrsquos opinion indicates a need to revise or append the conclusions previously issued

You May Contact ATSDR Toll Free at 1-800-CDC-INFO

or Visit our Home Page at httpwwwatsdrcdcgov

Health Consultation A Note of Explanation

A health consultation is a verbal or written response from ATSDR or ATSDRrsquos Cooperative Agreement Partners to a specific request for information about health risks related to a specific site a chemical release or the presence of hazardous material In order to prevent or mitigate exposures a consultation may lead to specific actions such as restricting use of or replacing water supplies intensifying environmental sampling restricting site access or removing the contaminated material

In addition consultations may recommend additional public health actions such as conducting health surveillance activities to evaluate exposure or trends in adverse health outcomes conducting biological indicators of exposure studies to assess exposure and providing health education for health care providers and community members This concludes the health consultation process for this site unless additional information is obtained by ATSDR or ATSDRrsquos Cooperative Agreement Partner which in the Agencyrsquos opinion indicates a need to revise or append the conclusions previously issued

You May Contact ATSDR Toll Free at 1-800-CDC-INFO

or Visit our Home Page at httpwwwatsdrcdcgov

HEALTH CONSULTATION

EXPOSURE INVESTIGATION

Indoor Air Testing

SHERWOOD MEDICAL SITE DELAND VOLUSIA COUNTY FLORIDA

EPA FACILITY ID FLD043861392

Prepared By

Florida Department of Health Bureau of Community Environmental Health

Under cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Table of Contents

Summaryhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1

Objectives and Rationalehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2

Table II helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18 Table IIIhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19 Table IVhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20

Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2 Land Use and Demographicshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4 Community Health Concernshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4 Methodshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip5 Resultshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip6 Discussion 7 Limitations 8 Child Health Considerations 8 Conclusions 8 Recommendations 8 Authors Technical Advisors 10 References 11 Figure 1 Site Location Map and Volusia County Map 13 Figure 2 Aerial Photograph of Sherwood and Surrounding Area 14 Figure 3 Street Map helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip15 Figure 4 Air Sampling Locationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip16 Table I 17

Certification Page 21

ii

Table of Contents

Summaryhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1

Objectives and Rationalehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2

Table II helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18 Table IIIhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19 Table IVhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20

Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2 Land Use and Demographicshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4 Community Health Concernshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4 Methodshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip5 Resultshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip6 Discussion 7 Limitations 8 Child Health Considerations 8 Conclusions 8 Recommendations 8 Authors Technical Advisors 10 References 11 Figure 1 Site Location Map and Volusia County Map 13 Figure 2 Aerial Photograph of Sherwood and Surrounding Area 14 Figure 3 Street Map helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip15 Figure 4 Air Sampling Locationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip16 Table I 17

Certification Page 21

ii

Summary

This Exposure Investigation (EI) addresses the public health threat of possible vapor intrusion into buildings located near volatile organic compound (VOC) groundwater contamination from the Sherwood Medical hazardous waste site in Deland Florida The main contaminants of concern originating in on-site groundwater and extending off-site are trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) In April 2008 the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) approved Florida DOHrsquos request for financial and technical support for indoor air testing This Exposure Investigation reports the methods and findings of that testing

After a review of all monitoring well data the Florida Department of Health (DOH) determined that these two chemicals (TCE and PCE) in the upper and lower surficial groundwater were at high enough levels off-site to cause a concern for vapor intrusion into homes near the site Other chemicals present in the surficial groundwater on-site (acetone benzene chloroform and 12shydichloroethylene (12-DCE)) are at low levels and have not been detected off-site therefore they are not a concern for vapor intrusion DOH also reviewed the shallow off-site private well data and determined that chemicals were either not detected or found below screening values

On April 29 2008 the Volusia County Health Department (CHD) and the Florida DOH tested the indoor air of three buildings located above an area with the highest levels of groundwater contamination adjacent to the site and one background home about frac12 mile from the site The background home was not near any known groundwater contamination Three 8-hour air samples were taken at each location and analyzed for VOCs

The levels of VOCs detected in all three buildings near Sherwood Medical were similar to those detected in the background home The main contaminants of concern in groundwater (TCE and PCE) were not found in the indoor air of the three buildings near the site Low levels of PCE were detected in the background sample during one out of three sequential 8-hour tests PCE is commonly found in sources such as dry-cleaning and household products

Other VOCs besides TCE and PCE were detected at low levels in all 4 buildings acetone benzene chloroform and 12-dichloroethane (12-DCA) Acetone benzene and chloroform have been found in the shallow groundwater on-site but at low enough levels to not be a concern for vapor intrusion In addition these chemicals are common indoor air contaminants at the low levels that were detected and were found at the background site as well Therefore these contaminants are not likely to be associated with the groundwater contamination from Sherwood but are probably present from another source such as household products 12-DCA has not been found in contaminated groundwater from Sherwood but was found in the indoor air in one building that was tested and in the background location

Acetone benzene and chloroform were found at low levels and are not expected to cause any harmful health effects for typical residential exposures 12-DCA was found in one test sample and the background sample at levels that may cause a low to moderate theoretical increased cancer risk if someone breathed those levels consistently for a long period of time (eg70 yrs)

Florida DOH mailed letters with the sampling results to residents in June 2008 Although no vapor intrusion from contaminated groundwater was found during the indoor air sampling Florida DOH recommends some actions for best public health practice for residents concerned about chemicals in their home When using commercial or household products (eg cleaning

1

products and strong glues) residents should open windows for better ventilation and should follow proper storage procedures Residents may want to consider using non-toxic cleaning products

Additional indoor air testing is not necessary at this time because vapor intrusion was not found to be occurring in the buildings tested If additional chemicals are found in the groundwater or groundwater contaminant levels increase significantly the Florida DOH will consider recommending additional indoor air sampling

Objectives and Rationale

This Exposure Investigation (EI) addresses the public health threat of possible vapor intrusion into buildings located near volatile organic compound (VOC) groundwater contamination from the Sherwood Medical hazardous waste site in Deland Florida

After a review of all monitoring well data the Florida Department of Health (DOH) determined that TCE and PCE in the upper and lower surficial groundwater were at high enough levels off-site to cause a concern for vapor intrusion into homes near the site Other chemicals present in the surficial groundwater on-site (acetone benzene chloroform and 12-dichloroethylene (12shyDCE)) are at low levels and have not been detected off-site therefore they are not a concern for vapor intrusion DOH also reviewed the off-site private well data and determined that chemicals were either not detected or found below drinking water screening values

In April 2008 the Florida Department of Health (DOH) requested funding from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) for indoor air testing after reviewing groundwater data from monitoring wells in the neighborhood near the site ATSDR provided the financial and technical support for this testing

Background

Site Description

The Sherwood Medical Industries National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site (Sherwood) is at 2010 US Highway 92 three miles northeast of Deland Volusia County Florida (Figures 1 2 and 3) This 43-acre site is zoned for industrial land uses The northern boundary of the site is US Highway 92 (State Road 600) beyond which are several small subdivisions woodlands and pasture land The eastern boundary of the site is Kepler Road (State Road 430A) Several residences are east of Kepler Road Drinking water for these residences is provided by either individual private wells or by the City of Deland municipal water South of the site is a 17-acre Florida Department of Transportation maintenance yard and construction office The western boundary of the site transects Lake Miller and adjacent wooded areas and wetlands (EPA 2004) The eastern portion of the 815-acre Lake Miller is within the Sherwood property boundary

Hydrogeology

The hydrogeologic sequence at the site includes the surficial or water table aquifer a confining unit composed of clay sandy clay and shell layers and the confined Floridan Aquifer In general depth to water at the site ranges from 45 to 2497 The shallow wells are screened in the upper surficial aquifer (45rsquo ndash 60rsquo below ground surface) The deeper wells are screened in

2

the lower surficial aquifer (60rsquo ndash 100rsquo below ground surface) The Floridan Aquifer wells are 520 feet deep The Floridan Aquifer is a highly productive aquifer and is encountered beneath the confining unit The Floridan Aquifer is the source of drinking water for the local residents (EPA 2007c)

Site Background and History

In 1959 Sherwood began manufacturing stainless steel medical supplies primarily hypodermic needles Sherwood withdrew water from the deep Floridan aquifer and discharged waste water containing chromium nitrate trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into on-site septic tanks and unlined percolation ponds

In December 1982 due to the threat of contamination from wastes stored in the holding ponds and impoundments the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) proposed the site to the National Priorities List Subsequent testing found contamination in the shallow groundwater onsite

In 1986 the Volusia County Health Department (CHD) conducted on-site testing and found trans-1 2-dichloroethylene PCE TCE and vinyl chloride in the Floridan aquifer (deepest) groundwater Also in 1986 the Volusia CHD sampled private wells off-site but did not find these VOCs

Beginning in 1987 the US EPA required Sherwood to test all of the private wells along Kepler Road every six months These wells were immediately adjacent to the site and extend from the intersection of US 92 and Kepler Road through the intersection of Marsh and Kepler Roads (Figure 2)

In 1989 the Florida DOH and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) concluded Sherwood was a potential public health concern because of possible exposure to hazardous substances They concluded that human exposure to trans 12-dichloroethylene tetrachloroethylene trichloroethylene may occur through the ingestion of contaminated ground water They recommended a monitoring well system for both on-site and off-site ground water and that air testing be considered

By 1997 Sherwood had constructed and began operating the groundwater extraction system with an air stripper In 1997 EPA required Sherwood to test Lake Miller sediment surface water and fish to confirm the effectiveness of the pump and treat remedy Semi-annual sampling of the sediments and surface water continue to monitor the potential threat to that ecosystem (DEP 2008)

In January 2007 EPA held a public meeting to update the community on the progress of cleanup of the site During this meeting nearby residents expressed numerous health concerns In March 2007 Volusia CHD requested assistance in responding to local residents concerned about groundwater contamination from the Sherwood Medical NPL site reaching their private drinking water wells In addition residents complained about the appearance odor and clarity of their drinking water DOH arranged for funding through the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) for the Volusia CHD to test private wells in the nearby Cypress Lake Estates and Daytona Park Estates neighborhoods DOH held an open house March 14 2007 to meet the

3

residents explain the health assessment process and collect additional health concerns beyond those already documented by the US EPA and Florida DEP at a meeting held in January

In October 2007 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD held a second open house to discuss the private well sampling results The Florida DOH prepared a letter health consultation dated September 4 2008 evaluating contaminants in private drinking water wells (ATSDR 2008a) VOCs were detected in residential potable wells but at levels less than the drinking water standards (Table I) DOH determined the levels of contaminants in the wells are not likely to harm peoplersquos health In August 2009 Florida DOH evaluated air stripper emission impacts in the neighborhood surrounding Sherwood and concluded that PCE and TCE were very low in the air and not likely to harm peoplersquos health (ATSDR 2009)

Based on 2006 and 2007 surficial groundwater levels of PCE and TCE Florida DOH determined groundwater vapor intrusion was possible The shallow surficial groundwater (45-60rsquo below ground surface) under the site and some of the residential area is contaminated with VOCs For vapor intrusion the shallow groundwater is the main concern because only the contaminants from the shallow groundwater are likely to enter the buildings located above the plume In 2006 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2400 and 940 microgL respectively In 2007 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2000 and 460 microgL respectively The contaminant levels from the deeper lower surficial groundwater (60rsquo-100rsquo below ground surface) are not likely to enter the buildings above as well as the even deeper Floridan Aquifer (520rsquo below ground surface) The drinking water wells are all located in the deep Floridan Aquifer More groundwater contaminant information can be found in Table II and Appendix A of the EI Protocol (ATSDR 2008b)

Land Use and Demographics

Land use near Sherwood is varied International Speedway (US Highway 92 State Road 600) runs along the northern border of the site while a former Department of Transportation (DOT) maintenance yard is directly south To the east there are both commercial and residential properties There are many commercial properties along Kepler road approximately 40 single family homes in Cypress Lake Estates and approximately 115 single family homes in Daytona Park Estates (Figures 2 amp 3)

Community Health Concerns

Some nearby residents are concerned that living near the Sherwood site is a threat to their health On March 14 2007 during a DOH open house for Daytona Park and Cypress Estates neighborhood residents expressed numerous specific health concerns1 and requested indoor air sampling of their homes

1 Birth defects brittle teeth enamelloss of teeth deaths from colon cancer death from leukemia cancer in general nerve damage and neuropathy rashes cough diabetes blindness due to diabetes acute myelogenous leukemia abdominal problems h Pylori chronic obstructive pulmonary disease bladder cancer heart disease kidneygallbladder stones prostate problems sinus problems stomach pains and shortness of breath

4

Methods

Exposure Investigation Design

Selection of Homes for Indoor Air Testing

The shallow groundwater under some of the homes in the Cypress Lake Estates neighborhood near Sherwood is contaminated with TCE and PCE The shallowest depth to groundwater in the residential neighborhood is 12-14 feet (UES 2008)

Based on an evaluation of the potential for vapor intrusion using the groundwater concentrations shown in Table II the DOH proposed the collection and analysis of indoor air samples for VOCs to look for TCE and PCE traveling from shallow groundwater to indoor air

The Florida DOH used the highest levels of VOCs detected in the upper surficial groundwater monitoring wells for selecting buildings for indoor air testing Florida DOH selected one business and two homes in Cypress Lake Estates above the highest groundwater contamination off-site and one sample from a background home in Daytona Park Estates DOH selected buildings built on slab Florida DOH followed ATSDRrsquos VOC vapor intrusion guidance in creating their sampling protocol (ATSDR 2008c)

Data CollectionSampling Procedures

In spring of 2008 Florida DOH discussed the possibility of testing indoor air with nearby residents Several weeks before testing all participants signed consent forms and agreed not to use products containing VOCs in their home 72 hours prior to and during testing (ATSDR 2008b) They also agreed to keep all windows closed during this timeframe DOH confirmed that no residents smoked in their homesbusiness

On April 29 2008 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD staff collected three sequential 8-hour samples in stainless steel Summacopy canisters from four locations The staff began testing at the first location at 700 am on April 29 2008 and ended all testing at all four locations by 728 am on April 30 2008 for a total of 24 hours at each location (three 8-hour samples) DOH and Volusia CHD placed the canisters approximately 3 feet off the floor in a central location that each resident or business owner occupies the most Before testing the staff double checked that all windows and doors were closed and reminded the household members to keep them closed They also reminded each resident to not use the household products containing VOCs (ATSDR 2008b)

Before the staff opened the canister valve for testing they double checked there was a proper seal between the regulator and the canister to assure proper testing and no air leaks During the first 8-hour test at the background location DOH thought the regulator was malfunctioning so the canister was turned off for approximately one hour and 40 minutes This did not affect the results of the testing but it shortened the total air collection time to 22 hours rather than 24 hours

On April 30th DOH staff prepared the regulators and canisters and shipped them overnight to Data Chem Laboratories in Utah They included chain-of-custody forms laboratory analytical request forms canister serial numbers collection times and pressure readings Data Chem Laboratories received all twelve air canisters and regulators within the holding time and in good condition

5

Laboratory Analytic Procedures

Data Chem Laboratories analyzed the twelve air samples for 57 volatile organic compounds using EPA Method Total Organic 15 (httpwwwepagovttnamticfilesambientairtoxtoshy15rpdf) They also tested one method blank and one duplicate for each canister sampled The quality assurancecontrol data were acceptable except for acetone which had a lower percent recovery (799) For all other volatiles the percent recovery ranged from 90-118 No VOCs were detected in the laboratory blank sample

Data Analysis Procedures

The Florida DOH used ATSDR and EPA air screening values (Tables IV) for analyzing the results If the chemical level exceeded a screening value then DOH evaluated the finding in more detail If the level was less than the screening value or not detected at all then that chemical was dropped from the evaluation and considered to be no health concern

Results

The indoor air results are included in Table III The levels of VOCs detected in all three buildings near Sherwood Medical were similar to those detected in the background home All VOC concentrations are at levels that are commonly found in indoor air In June 2008 the Florida DOH sent letters to each resident explaining their specific results

The main contaminants of concern in the shallow groundwater underlying the homes TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of the three buildings tested that were located over the contaminated groundwater PCE was detected in the background sample during one out of three sequential 8-hour tests but was below screening values PCE is commonly found in sources such as dry-cleaned clothing and household products

Benzene chloroform and 12-DCA were detected at low levels but the maximum 8-hr average was above a screening value for cancer effects at one or more locations and will be evaluated further in the next section Several other VOCs (see Table III for list) were detected at low levels but below screening values therefore they will not be evaluated any further

Acetone benzene and chloroform have been found in the shallow groundwater on-site but at low enough levels to not be a concern for vapor intrusion In addition these chemicals are common indoor air contaminants at the low levels that were detected and were found at the background site as well Therefore these contaminants are not likely to be associated with the groundwater contamination from Sherwood but are probably present from another source such as household products

12-DCA has not been found in contaminated groundwater from Sherwood but was found in the indoor air in one building that was tested (location 2 39 microgm3) and in the background location (22 microgm3) above the cancer screening value

Discussion

The three contaminants detected above screening values (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) are discussed further in this section (Table IV) In summary benzene and chloroform were found at low levels and are not expected to cause any harmful health effects for typical residential exposures 12-DCA was found in one test sample and the background sample at levels that may cause a low to moderate theoretical increased cancer risk if someone breathed those levels

6

products and strong glues) residents should open windows for better ventilation and should follow proper storage procedures Residents may want to consider using non-toxic cleaning products

Additional indoor air testing is not necessary at this time because vapor intrusion was not found to be occurring in the buildings tested If additional chemicals are found in the groundwater or groundwater contaminant levels increase significantly the Florida DOH will consider recommending additional indoor air sampling

Objectives and Rationale

This Exposure Investigation (EI) addresses the public health threat of possible vapor intrusion into buildings located near volatile organic compound (VOC) groundwater contamination from the Sherwood Medical hazardous waste site in Deland Florida

After a review of all monitoring well data the Florida Department of Health (DOH) determined that TCE and PCE in the upper and lower surficial groundwater were at high enough levels off-site to cause a concern for vapor intrusion into homes near the site Other chemicals present in the surficial groundwater on-site (acetone benzene chloroform and 12-dichloroethylene (12shyDCE)) are at low levels and have not been detected off-site therefore they are not a concern for vapor intrusion DOH also reviewed the off-site private well data and determined that chemicals were either not detected or found below drinking water screening values

In April 2008 the Florida Department of Health (DOH) requested funding from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) for indoor air testing after reviewing groundwater data from monitoring wells in the neighborhood near the site ATSDR provided the financial and technical support for this testing

Background

Site Description

The Sherwood Medical Industries National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site (Sherwood) is at 2010 US Highway 92 three miles northeast of Deland Volusia County Florida (Figures 1 2 and 3) This 43-acre site is zoned for industrial land uses The northern boundary of the site is US Highway 92 (State Road 600) beyond which are several small subdivisions woodlands and pasture land The eastern boundary of the site is Kepler Road (State Road 430A) Several residences are east of Kepler Road Drinking water for these residences is provided by either individual private wells or by the City of Deland municipal water South of the site is a 17-acre Florida Department of Transportation maintenance yard and construction office The western boundary of the site transects Lake Miller and adjacent wooded areas and wetlands (EPA 2004) The eastern portion of the 815-acre Lake Miller is within the Sherwood property boundary

Hydrogeology

The hydrogeologic sequence at the site includes the surficial or water table aquifer a confining unit composed of clay sandy clay and shell layers and the confined Floridan Aquifer In general depth to water at the site ranges from 45 to 2497 The shallow wells are screened in the upper surficial aquifer (45rsquo ndash 60rsquo below ground surface) The deeper wells are screened in

2

the lower surficial aquifer (60rsquo ndash 100rsquo below ground surface) The Floridan Aquifer wells are 520 feet deep The Floridan Aquifer is a highly productive aquifer and is encountered beneath the confining unit The Floridan Aquifer is the source of drinking water for the local residents (EPA 2007c)

Site Background and History

In 1959 Sherwood began manufacturing stainless steel medical supplies primarily hypodermic needles Sherwood withdrew water from the deep Floridan aquifer and discharged waste water containing chromium nitrate trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into on-site septic tanks and unlined percolation ponds

In December 1982 due to the threat of contamination from wastes stored in the holding ponds and impoundments the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) proposed the site to the National Priorities List Subsequent testing found contamination in the shallow groundwater onsite

In 1986 the Volusia County Health Department (CHD) conducted on-site testing and found trans-1 2-dichloroethylene PCE TCE and vinyl chloride in the Floridan aquifer (deepest) groundwater Also in 1986 the Volusia CHD sampled private wells off-site but did not find these VOCs

Beginning in 1987 the US EPA required Sherwood to test all of the private wells along Kepler Road every six months These wells were immediately adjacent to the site and extend from the intersection of US 92 and Kepler Road through the intersection of Marsh and Kepler Roads (Figure 2)

In 1989 the Florida DOH and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) concluded Sherwood was a potential public health concern because of possible exposure to hazardous substances They concluded that human exposure to trans 12-dichloroethylene tetrachloroethylene trichloroethylene may occur through the ingestion of contaminated ground water They recommended a monitoring well system for both on-site and off-site ground water and that air testing be considered

By 1997 Sherwood had constructed and began operating the groundwater extraction system with an air stripper In 1997 EPA required Sherwood to test Lake Miller sediment surface water and fish to confirm the effectiveness of the pump and treat remedy Semi-annual sampling of the sediments and surface water continue to monitor the potential threat to that ecosystem (DEP 2008)

In January 2007 EPA held a public meeting to update the community on the progress of cleanup of the site During this meeting nearby residents expressed numerous health concerns In March 2007 Volusia CHD requested assistance in responding to local residents concerned about groundwater contamination from the Sherwood Medical NPL site reaching their private drinking water wells In addition residents complained about the appearance odor and clarity of their drinking water DOH arranged for funding through the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) for the Volusia CHD to test private wells in the nearby Cypress Lake Estates and Daytona Park Estates neighborhoods DOH held an open house March 14 2007 to meet the

3

residents explain the health assessment process and collect additional health concerns beyond those already documented by the US EPA and Florida DEP at a meeting held in January

In October 2007 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD held a second open house to discuss the private well sampling results The Florida DOH prepared a letter health consultation dated September 4 2008 evaluating contaminants in private drinking water wells (ATSDR 2008a) VOCs were detected in residential potable wells but at levels less than the drinking water standards (Table I) DOH determined the levels of contaminants in the wells are not likely to harm peoplersquos health In August 2009 Florida DOH evaluated air stripper emission impacts in the neighborhood surrounding Sherwood and concluded that PCE and TCE were very low in the air and not likely to harm peoplersquos health (ATSDR 2009)

Based on 2006 and 2007 surficial groundwater levels of PCE and TCE Florida DOH determined groundwater vapor intrusion was possible The shallow surficial groundwater (45-60rsquo below ground surface) under the site and some of the residential area is contaminated with VOCs For vapor intrusion the shallow groundwater is the main concern because only the contaminants from the shallow groundwater are likely to enter the buildings located above the plume In 2006 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2400 and 940 microgL respectively In 2007 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2000 and 460 microgL respectively The contaminant levels from the deeper lower surficial groundwater (60rsquo-100rsquo below ground surface) are not likely to enter the buildings above as well as the even deeper Floridan Aquifer (520rsquo below ground surface) The drinking water wells are all located in the deep Floridan Aquifer More groundwater contaminant information can be found in Table II and Appendix A of the EI Protocol (ATSDR 2008b)

Land Use and Demographics

Land use near Sherwood is varied International Speedway (US Highway 92 State Road 600) runs along the northern border of the site while a former Department of Transportation (DOT) maintenance yard is directly south To the east there are both commercial and residential properties There are many commercial properties along Kepler road approximately 40 single family homes in Cypress Lake Estates and approximately 115 single family homes in Daytona Park Estates (Figures 2 amp 3)

Community Health Concerns

Some nearby residents are concerned that living near the Sherwood site is a threat to their health On March 14 2007 during a DOH open house for Daytona Park and Cypress Estates neighborhood residents expressed numerous specific health concerns1 and requested indoor air sampling of their homes

1 Birth defects brittle teeth enamelloss of teeth deaths from colon cancer death from leukemia cancer in general nerve damage and neuropathy rashes cough diabetes blindness due to diabetes acute myelogenous leukemia abdominal problems h Pylori chronic obstructive pulmonary disease bladder cancer heart disease kidneygallbladder stones prostate problems sinus problems stomach pains and shortness of breath

4

Methods

Exposure Investigation Design

Selection of Homes for Indoor Air Testing

The shallow groundwater under some of the homes in the Cypress Lake Estates neighborhood near Sherwood is contaminated with TCE and PCE The shallowest depth to groundwater in the residential neighborhood is 12-14 feet (UES 2008)

Based on an evaluation of the potential for vapor intrusion using the groundwater concentrations shown in Table II the DOH proposed the collection and analysis of indoor air samples for VOCs to look for TCE and PCE traveling from shallow groundwater to indoor air

The Florida DOH used the highest levels of VOCs detected in the upper surficial groundwater monitoring wells for selecting buildings for indoor air testing Florida DOH selected one business and two homes in Cypress Lake Estates above the highest groundwater contamination off-site and one sample from a background home in Daytona Park Estates DOH selected buildings built on slab Florida DOH followed ATSDRrsquos VOC vapor intrusion guidance in creating their sampling protocol (ATSDR 2008c)

Data CollectionSampling Procedures

In spring of 2008 Florida DOH discussed the possibility of testing indoor air with nearby residents Several weeks before testing all participants signed consent forms and agreed not to use products containing VOCs in their home 72 hours prior to and during testing (ATSDR 2008b) They also agreed to keep all windows closed during this timeframe DOH confirmed that no residents smoked in their homesbusiness

On April 29 2008 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD staff collected three sequential 8-hour samples in stainless steel Summacopy canisters from four locations The staff began testing at the first location at 700 am on April 29 2008 and ended all testing at all four locations by 728 am on April 30 2008 for a total of 24 hours at each location (three 8-hour samples) DOH and Volusia CHD placed the canisters approximately 3 feet off the floor in a central location that each resident or business owner occupies the most Before testing the staff double checked that all windows and doors were closed and reminded the household members to keep them closed They also reminded each resident to not use the household products containing VOCs (ATSDR 2008b)

Before the staff opened the canister valve for testing they double checked there was a proper seal between the regulator and the canister to assure proper testing and no air leaks During the first 8-hour test at the background location DOH thought the regulator was malfunctioning so the canister was turned off for approximately one hour and 40 minutes This did not affect the results of the testing but it shortened the total air collection time to 22 hours rather than 24 hours

On April 30th DOH staff prepared the regulators and canisters and shipped them overnight to Data Chem Laboratories in Utah They included chain-of-custody forms laboratory analytical request forms canister serial numbers collection times and pressure readings Data Chem Laboratories received all twelve air canisters and regulators within the holding time and in good condition

5

Laboratory Analytic Procedures

Data Chem Laboratories analyzed the twelve air samples for 57 volatile organic compounds using EPA Method Total Organic 15 (httpwwwepagovttnamticfilesambientairtoxtoshy15rpdf) They also tested one method blank and one duplicate for each canister sampled The quality assurancecontrol data were acceptable except for acetone which had a lower percent recovery (799) For all other volatiles the percent recovery ranged from 90-118 No VOCs were detected in the laboratory blank sample

Data Analysis Procedures

The Florida DOH used ATSDR and EPA air screening values (Tables IV) for analyzing the results If the chemical level exceeded a screening value then DOH evaluated the finding in more detail If the level was less than the screening value or not detected at all then that chemical was dropped from the evaluation and considered to be no health concern

Results

The indoor air results are included in Table III The levels of VOCs detected in all three buildings near Sherwood Medical were similar to those detected in the background home All VOC concentrations are at levels that are commonly found in indoor air In June 2008 the Florida DOH sent letters to each resident explaining their specific results

The main contaminants of concern in the shallow groundwater underlying the homes TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of the three buildings tested that were located over the contaminated groundwater PCE was detected in the background sample during one out of three sequential 8-hour tests but was below screening values PCE is commonly found in sources such as dry-cleaned clothing and household products

Benzene chloroform and 12-DCA were detected at low levels but the maximum 8-hr average was above a screening value for cancer effects at one or more locations and will be evaluated further in the next section Several other VOCs (see Table III for list) were detected at low levels but below screening values therefore they will not be evaluated any further

Acetone benzene and chloroform have been found in the shallow groundwater on-site but at low enough levels to not be a concern for vapor intrusion In addition these chemicals are common indoor air contaminants at the low levels that were detected and were found at the background site as well Therefore these contaminants are not likely to be associated with the groundwater contamination from Sherwood but are probably present from another source such as household products

12-DCA has not been found in contaminated groundwater from Sherwood but was found in the indoor air in one building that was tested (location 2 39 microgm3) and in the background location (22 microgm3) above the cancer screening value

Discussion

The three contaminants detected above screening values (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) are discussed further in this section (Table IV) In summary benzene and chloroform were found at low levels and are not expected to cause any harmful health effects for typical residential exposures 12-DCA was found in one test sample and the background sample at levels that may cause a low to moderate theoretical increased cancer risk if someone breathed those levels

6

the lower surficial aquifer (60rsquo ndash 100rsquo below ground surface) The Floridan Aquifer wells are 520 feet deep The Floridan Aquifer is a highly productive aquifer and is encountered beneath the confining unit The Floridan Aquifer is the source of drinking water for the local residents (EPA 2007c)

Site Background and History

In 1959 Sherwood began manufacturing stainless steel medical supplies primarily hypodermic needles Sherwood withdrew water from the deep Floridan aquifer and discharged waste water containing chromium nitrate trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into on-site septic tanks and unlined percolation ponds

In December 1982 due to the threat of contamination from wastes stored in the holding ponds and impoundments the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) proposed the site to the National Priorities List Subsequent testing found contamination in the shallow groundwater onsite

In 1986 the Volusia County Health Department (CHD) conducted on-site testing and found trans-1 2-dichloroethylene PCE TCE and vinyl chloride in the Floridan aquifer (deepest) groundwater Also in 1986 the Volusia CHD sampled private wells off-site but did not find these VOCs

Beginning in 1987 the US EPA required Sherwood to test all of the private wells along Kepler Road every six months These wells were immediately adjacent to the site and extend from the intersection of US 92 and Kepler Road through the intersection of Marsh and Kepler Roads (Figure 2)

In 1989 the Florida DOH and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) concluded Sherwood was a potential public health concern because of possible exposure to hazardous substances They concluded that human exposure to trans 12-dichloroethylene tetrachloroethylene trichloroethylene may occur through the ingestion of contaminated ground water They recommended a monitoring well system for both on-site and off-site ground water and that air testing be considered

By 1997 Sherwood had constructed and began operating the groundwater extraction system with an air stripper In 1997 EPA required Sherwood to test Lake Miller sediment surface water and fish to confirm the effectiveness of the pump and treat remedy Semi-annual sampling of the sediments and surface water continue to monitor the potential threat to that ecosystem (DEP 2008)

In January 2007 EPA held a public meeting to update the community on the progress of cleanup of the site During this meeting nearby residents expressed numerous health concerns In March 2007 Volusia CHD requested assistance in responding to local residents concerned about groundwater contamination from the Sherwood Medical NPL site reaching their private drinking water wells In addition residents complained about the appearance odor and clarity of their drinking water DOH arranged for funding through the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) for the Volusia CHD to test private wells in the nearby Cypress Lake Estates and Daytona Park Estates neighborhoods DOH held an open house March 14 2007 to meet the

3

residents explain the health assessment process and collect additional health concerns beyond those already documented by the US EPA and Florida DEP at a meeting held in January

In October 2007 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD held a second open house to discuss the private well sampling results The Florida DOH prepared a letter health consultation dated September 4 2008 evaluating contaminants in private drinking water wells (ATSDR 2008a) VOCs were detected in residential potable wells but at levels less than the drinking water standards (Table I) DOH determined the levels of contaminants in the wells are not likely to harm peoplersquos health In August 2009 Florida DOH evaluated air stripper emission impacts in the neighborhood surrounding Sherwood and concluded that PCE and TCE were very low in the air and not likely to harm peoplersquos health (ATSDR 2009)

Based on 2006 and 2007 surficial groundwater levels of PCE and TCE Florida DOH determined groundwater vapor intrusion was possible The shallow surficial groundwater (45-60rsquo below ground surface) under the site and some of the residential area is contaminated with VOCs For vapor intrusion the shallow groundwater is the main concern because only the contaminants from the shallow groundwater are likely to enter the buildings located above the plume In 2006 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2400 and 940 microgL respectively In 2007 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2000 and 460 microgL respectively The contaminant levels from the deeper lower surficial groundwater (60rsquo-100rsquo below ground surface) are not likely to enter the buildings above as well as the even deeper Floridan Aquifer (520rsquo below ground surface) The drinking water wells are all located in the deep Floridan Aquifer More groundwater contaminant information can be found in Table II and Appendix A of the EI Protocol (ATSDR 2008b)

Land Use and Demographics

Land use near Sherwood is varied International Speedway (US Highway 92 State Road 600) runs along the northern border of the site while a former Department of Transportation (DOT) maintenance yard is directly south To the east there are both commercial and residential properties There are many commercial properties along Kepler road approximately 40 single family homes in Cypress Lake Estates and approximately 115 single family homes in Daytona Park Estates (Figures 2 amp 3)

Community Health Concerns

Some nearby residents are concerned that living near the Sherwood site is a threat to their health On March 14 2007 during a DOH open house for Daytona Park and Cypress Estates neighborhood residents expressed numerous specific health concerns1 and requested indoor air sampling of their homes

1 Birth defects brittle teeth enamelloss of teeth deaths from colon cancer death from leukemia cancer in general nerve damage and neuropathy rashes cough diabetes blindness due to diabetes acute myelogenous leukemia abdominal problems h Pylori chronic obstructive pulmonary disease bladder cancer heart disease kidneygallbladder stones prostate problems sinus problems stomach pains and shortness of breath

4

Methods

Exposure Investigation Design

Selection of Homes for Indoor Air Testing

The shallow groundwater under some of the homes in the Cypress Lake Estates neighborhood near Sherwood is contaminated with TCE and PCE The shallowest depth to groundwater in the residential neighborhood is 12-14 feet (UES 2008)

Based on an evaluation of the potential for vapor intrusion using the groundwater concentrations shown in Table II the DOH proposed the collection and analysis of indoor air samples for VOCs to look for TCE and PCE traveling from shallow groundwater to indoor air

The Florida DOH used the highest levels of VOCs detected in the upper surficial groundwater monitoring wells for selecting buildings for indoor air testing Florida DOH selected one business and two homes in Cypress Lake Estates above the highest groundwater contamination off-site and one sample from a background home in Daytona Park Estates DOH selected buildings built on slab Florida DOH followed ATSDRrsquos VOC vapor intrusion guidance in creating their sampling protocol (ATSDR 2008c)

Data CollectionSampling Procedures

In spring of 2008 Florida DOH discussed the possibility of testing indoor air with nearby residents Several weeks before testing all participants signed consent forms and agreed not to use products containing VOCs in their home 72 hours prior to and during testing (ATSDR 2008b) They also agreed to keep all windows closed during this timeframe DOH confirmed that no residents smoked in their homesbusiness

On April 29 2008 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD staff collected three sequential 8-hour samples in stainless steel Summacopy canisters from four locations The staff began testing at the first location at 700 am on April 29 2008 and ended all testing at all four locations by 728 am on April 30 2008 for a total of 24 hours at each location (three 8-hour samples) DOH and Volusia CHD placed the canisters approximately 3 feet off the floor in a central location that each resident or business owner occupies the most Before testing the staff double checked that all windows and doors were closed and reminded the household members to keep them closed They also reminded each resident to not use the household products containing VOCs (ATSDR 2008b)

Before the staff opened the canister valve for testing they double checked there was a proper seal between the regulator and the canister to assure proper testing and no air leaks During the first 8-hour test at the background location DOH thought the regulator was malfunctioning so the canister was turned off for approximately one hour and 40 minutes This did not affect the results of the testing but it shortened the total air collection time to 22 hours rather than 24 hours

On April 30th DOH staff prepared the regulators and canisters and shipped them overnight to Data Chem Laboratories in Utah They included chain-of-custody forms laboratory analytical request forms canister serial numbers collection times and pressure readings Data Chem Laboratories received all twelve air canisters and regulators within the holding time and in good condition

5

Laboratory Analytic Procedures

Data Chem Laboratories analyzed the twelve air samples for 57 volatile organic compounds using EPA Method Total Organic 15 (httpwwwepagovttnamticfilesambientairtoxtoshy15rpdf) They also tested one method blank and one duplicate for each canister sampled The quality assurancecontrol data were acceptable except for acetone which had a lower percent recovery (799) For all other volatiles the percent recovery ranged from 90-118 No VOCs were detected in the laboratory blank sample

Data Analysis Procedures

The Florida DOH used ATSDR and EPA air screening values (Tables IV) for analyzing the results If the chemical level exceeded a screening value then DOH evaluated the finding in more detail If the level was less than the screening value or not detected at all then that chemical was dropped from the evaluation and considered to be no health concern

Results

The indoor air results are included in Table III The levels of VOCs detected in all three buildings near Sherwood Medical were similar to those detected in the background home All VOC concentrations are at levels that are commonly found in indoor air In June 2008 the Florida DOH sent letters to each resident explaining their specific results

The main contaminants of concern in the shallow groundwater underlying the homes TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of the three buildings tested that were located over the contaminated groundwater PCE was detected in the background sample during one out of three sequential 8-hour tests but was below screening values PCE is commonly found in sources such as dry-cleaned clothing and household products

Benzene chloroform and 12-DCA were detected at low levels but the maximum 8-hr average was above a screening value for cancer effects at one or more locations and will be evaluated further in the next section Several other VOCs (see Table III for list) were detected at low levels but below screening values therefore they will not be evaluated any further

Acetone benzene and chloroform have been found in the shallow groundwater on-site but at low enough levels to not be a concern for vapor intrusion In addition these chemicals are common indoor air contaminants at the low levels that were detected and were found at the background site as well Therefore these contaminants are not likely to be associated with the groundwater contamination from Sherwood but are probably present from another source such as household products

12-DCA has not been found in contaminated groundwater from Sherwood but was found in the indoor air in one building that was tested (location 2 39 microgm3) and in the background location (22 microgm3) above the cancer screening value

Discussion

The three contaminants detected above screening values (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) are discussed further in this section (Table IV) In summary benzene and chloroform were found at low levels and are not expected to cause any harmful health effects for typical residential exposures 12-DCA was found in one test sample and the background sample at levels that may cause a low to moderate theoretical increased cancer risk if someone breathed those levels

6

residents explain the health assessment process and collect additional health concerns beyond those already documented by the US EPA and Florida DEP at a meeting held in January

In October 2007 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD held a second open house to discuss the private well sampling results The Florida DOH prepared a letter health consultation dated September 4 2008 evaluating contaminants in private drinking water wells (ATSDR 2008a) VOCs were detected in residential potable wells but at levels less than the drinking water standards (Table I) DOH determined the levels of contaminants in the wells are not likely to harm peoplersquos health In August 2009 Florida DOH evaluated air stripper emission impacts in the neighborhood surrounding Sherwood and concluded that PCE and TCE were very low in the air and not likely to harm peoplersquos health (ATSDR 2009)

Based on 2006 and 2007 surficial groundwater levels of PCE and TCE Florida DOH determined groundwater vapor intrusion was possible The shallow surficial groundwater (45-60rsquo below ground surface) under the site and some of the residential area is contaminated with VOCs For vapor intrusion the shallow groundwater is the main concern because only the contaminants from the shallow groundwater are likely to enter the buildings located above the plume In 2006 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2400 and 940 microgL respectively In 2007 the highest PCE and TCE concentrations were 2000 and 460 microgL respectively The contaminant levels from the deeper lower surficial groundwater (60rsquo-100rsquo below ground surface) are not likely to enter the buildings above as well as the even deeper Floridan Aquifer (520rsquo below ground surface) The drinking water wells are all located in the deep Floridan Aquifer More groundwater contaminant information can be found in Table II and Appendix A of the EI Protocol (ATSDR 2008b)

Land Use and Demographics

Land use near Sherwood is varied International Speedway (US Highway 92 State Road 600) runs along the northern border of the site while a former Department of Transportation (DOT) maintenance yard is directly south To the east there are both commercial and residential properties There are many commercial properties along Kepler road approximately 40 single family homes in Cypress Lake Estates and approximately 115 single family homes in Daytona Park Estates (Figures 2 amp 3)

Community Health Concerns

Some nearby residents are concerned that living near the Sherwood site is a threat to their health On March 14 2007 during a DOH open house for Daytona Park and Cypress Estates neighborhood residents expressed numerous specific health concerns1 and requested indoor air sampling of their homes

1 Birth defects brittle teeth enamelloss of teeth deaths from colon cancer death from leukemia cancer in general nerve damage and neuropathy rashes cough diabetes blindness due to diabetes acute myelogenous leukemia abdominal problems h Pylori chronic obstructive pulmonary disease bladder cancer heart disease kidneygallbladder stones prostate problems sinus problems stomach pains and shortness of breath

4

Methods

Exposure Investigation Design

Selection of Homes for Indoor Air Testing

The shallow groundwater under some of the homes in the Cypress Lake Estates neighborhood near Sherwood is contaminated with TCE and PCE The shallowest depth to groundwater in the residential neighborhood is 12-14 feet (UES 2008)

Based on an evaluation of the potential for vapor intrusion using the groundwater concentrations shown in Table II the DOH proposed the collection and analysis of indoor air samples for VOCs to look for TCE and PCE traveling from shallow groundwater to indoor air

The Florida DOH used the highest levels of VOCs detected in the upper surficial groundwater monitoring wells for selecting buildings for indoor air testing Florida DOH selected one business and two homes in Cypress Lake Estates above the highest groundwater contamination off-site and one sample from a background home in Daytona Park Estates DOH selected buildings built on slab Florida DOH followed ATSDRrsquos VOC vapor intrusion guidance in creating their sampling protocol (ATSDR 2008c)

Data CollectionSampling Procedures

In spring of 2008 Florida DOH discussed the possibility of testing indoor air with nearby residents Several weeks before testing all participants signed consent forms and agreed not to use products containing VOCs in their home 72 hours prior to and during testing (ATSDR 2008b) They also agreed to keep all windows closed during this timeframe DOH confirmed that no residents smoked in their homesbusiness

On April 29 2008 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD staff collected three sequential 8-hour samples in stainless steel Summacopy canisters from four locations The staff began testing at the first location at 700 am on April 29 2008 and ended all testing at all four locations by 728 am on April 30 2008 for a total of 24 hours at each location (three 8-hour samples) DOH and Volusia CHD placed the canisters approximately 3 feet off the floor in a central location that each resident or business owner occupies the most Before testing the staff double checked that all windows and doors were closed and reminded the household members to keep them closed They also reminded each resident to not use the household products containing VOCs (ATSDR 2008b)

Before the staff opened the canister valve for testing they double checked there was a proper seal between the regulator and the canister to assure proper testing and no air leaks During the first 8-hour test at the background location DOH thought the regulator was malfunctioning so the canister was turned off for approximately one hour and 40 minutes This did not affect the results of the testing but it shortened the total air collection time to 22 hours rather than 24 hours

On April 30th DOH staff prepared the regulators and canisters and shipped them overnight to Data Chem Laboratories in Utah They included chain-of-custody forms laboratory analytical request forms canister serial numbers collection times and pressure readings Data Chem Laboratories received all twelve air canisters and regulators within the holding time and in good condition

5

Laboratory Analytic Procedures

Data Chem Laboratories analyzed the twelve air samples for 57 volatile organic compounds using EPA Method Total Organic 15 (httpwwwepagovttnamticfilesambientairtoxtoshy15rpdf) They also tested one method blank and one duplicate for each canister sampled The quality assurancecontrol data were acceptable except for acetone which had a lower percent recovery (799) For all other volatiles the percent recovery ranged from 90-118 No VOCs were detected in the laboratory blank sample

Data Analysis Procedures

The Florida DOH used ATSDR and EPA air screening values (Tables IV) for analyzing the results If the chemical level exceeded a screening value then DOH evaluated the finding in more detail If the level was less than the screening value or not detected at all then that chemical was dropped from the evaluation and considered to be no health concern

Results

The indoor air results are included in Table III The levels of VOCs detected in all three buildings near Sherwood Medical were similar to those detected in the background home All VOC concentrations are at levels that are commonly found in indoor air In June 2008 the Florida DOH sent letters to each resident explaining their specific results

The main contaminants of concern in the shallow groundwater underlying the homes TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of the three buildings tested that were located over the contaminated groundwater PCE was detected in the background sample during one out of three sequential 8-hour tests but was below screening values PCE is commonly found in sources such as dry-cleaned clothing and household products

Benzene chloroform and 12-DCA were detected at low levels but the maximum 8-hr average was above a screening value for cancer effects at one or more locations and will be evaluated further in the next section Several other VOCs (see Table III for list) were detected at low levels but below screening values therefore they will not be evaluated any further

Acetone benzene and chloroform have been found in the shallow groundwater on-site but at low enough levels to not be a concern for vapor intrusion In addition these chemicals are common indoor air contaminants at the low levels that were detected and were found at the background site as well Therefore these contaminants are not likely to be associated with the groundwater contamination from Sherwood but are probably present from another source such as household products

12-DCA has not been found in contaminated groundwater from Sherwood but was found in the indoor air in one building that was tested (location 2 39 microgm3) and in the background location (22 microgm3) above the cancer screening value

Discussion

The three contaminants detected above screening values (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) are discussed further in this section (Table IV) In summary benzene and chloroform were found at low levels and are not expected to cause any harmful health effects for typical residential exposures 12-DCA was found in one test sample and the background sample at levels that may cause a low to moderate theoretical increased cancer risk if someone breathed those levels

6

Methods

Exposure Investigation Design

Selection of Homes for Indoor Air Testing

The shallow groundwater under some of the homes in the Cypress Lake Estates neighborhood near Sherwood is contaminated with TCE and PCE The shallowest depth to groundwater in the residential neighborhood is 12-14 feet (UES 2008)

Based on an evaluation of the potential for vapor intrusion using the groundwater concentrations shown in Table II the DOH proposed the collection and analysis of indoor air samples for VOCs to look for TCE and PCE traveling from shallow groundwater to indoor air

The Florida DOH used the highest levels of VOCs detected in the upper surficial groundwater monitoring wells for selecting buildings for indoor air testing Florida DOH selected one business and two homes in Cypress Lake Estates above the highest groundwater contamination off-site and one sample from a background home in Daytona Park Estates DOH selected buildings built on slab Florida DOH followed ATSDRrsquos VOC vapor intrusion guidance in creating their sampling protocol (ATSDR 2008c)

Data CollectionSampling Procedures

In spring of 2008 Florida DOH discussed the possibility of testing indoor air with nearby residents Several weeks before testing all participants signed consent forms and agreed not to use products containing VOCs in their home 72 hours prior to and during testing (ATSDR 2008b) They also agreed to keep all windows closed during this timeframe DOH confirmed that no residents smoked in their homesbusiness

On April 29 2008 the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD staff collected three sequential 8-hour samples in stainless steel Summacopy canisters from four locations The staff began testing at the first location at 700 am on April 29 2008 and ended all testing at all four locations by 728 am on April 30 2008 for a total of 24 hours at each location (three 8-hour samples) DOH and Volusia CHD placed the canisters approximately 3 feet off the floor in a central location that each resident or business owner occupies the most Before testing the staff double checked that all windows and doors were closed and reminded the household members to keep them closed They also reminded each resident to not use the household products containing VOCs (ATSDR 2008b)

Before the staff opened the canister valve for testing they double checked there was a proper seal between the regulator and the canister to assure proper testing and no air leaks During the first 8-hour test at the background location DOH thought the regulator was malfunctioning so the canister was turned off for approximately one hour and 40 minutes This did not affect the results of the testing but it shortened the total air collection time to 22 hours rather than 24 hours

On April 30th DOH staff prepared the regulators and canisters and shipped them overnight to Data Chem Laboratories in Utah They included chain-of-custody forms laboratory analytical request forms canister serial numbers collection times and pressure readings Data Chem Laboratories received all twelve air canisters and regulators within the holding time and in good condition

5

Laboratory Analytic Procedures

Data Chem Laboratories analyzed the twelve air samples for 57 volatile organic compounds using EPA Method Total Organic 15 (httpwwwepagovttnamticfilesambientairtoxtoshy15rpdf) They also tested one method blank and one duplicate for each canister sampled The quality assurancecontrol data were acceptable except for acetone which had a lower percent recovery (799) For all other volatiles the percent recovery ranged from 90-118 No VOCs were detected in the laboratory blank sample

Data Analysis Procedures

The Florida DOH used ATSDR and EPA air screening values (Tables IV) for analyzing the results If the chemical level exceeded a screening value then DOH evaluated the finding in more detail If the level was less than the screening value or not detected at all then that chemical was dropped from the evaluation and considered to be no health concern

Results

The indoor air results are included in Table III The levels of VOCs detected in all three buildings near Sherwood Medical were similar to those detected in the background home All VOC concentrations are at levels that are commonly found in indoor air In June 2008 the Florida DOH sent letters to each resident explaining their specific results

The main contaminants of concern in the shallow groundwater underlying the homes TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of the three buildings tested that were located over the contaminated groundwater PCE was detected in the background sample during one out of three sequential 8-hour tests but was below screening values PCE is commonly found in sources such as dry-cleaned clothing and household products

Benzene chloroform and 12-DCA were detected at low levels but the maximum 8-hr average was above a screening value for cancer effects at one or more locations and will be evaluated further in the next section Several other VOCs (see Table III for list) were detected at low levels but below screening values therefore they will not be evaluated any further

Acetone benzene and chloroform have been found in the shallow groundwater on-site but at low enough levels to not be a concern for vapor intrusion In addition these chemicals are common indoor air contaminants at the low levels that were detected and were found at the background site as well Therefore these contaminants are not likely to be associated with the groundwater contamination from Sherwood but are probably present from another source such as household products

12-DCA has not been found in contaminated groundwater from Sherwood but was found in the indoor air in one building that was tested (location 2 39 microgm3) and in the background location (22 microgm3) above the cancer screening value

Discussion

The three contaminants detected above screening values (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) are discussed further in this section (Table IV) In summary benzene and chloroform were found at low levels and are not expected to cause any harmful health effects for typical residential exposures 12-DCA was found in one test sample and the background sample at levels that may cause a low to moderate theoretical increased cancer risk if someone breathed those levels

6

Laboratory Analytic Procedures

Data Chem Laboratories analyzed the twelve air samples for 57 volatile organic compounds using EPA Method Total Organic 15 (httpwwwepagovttnamticfilesambientairtoxtoshy15rpdf) They also tested one method blank and one duplicate for each canister sampled The quality assurancecontrol data were acceptable except for acetone which had a lower percent recovery (799) For all other volatiles the percent recovery ranged from 90-118 No VOCs were detected in the laboratory blank sample

Data Analysis Procedures

The Florida DOH used ATSDR and EPA air screening values (Tables IV) for analyzing the results If the chemical level exceeded a screening value then DOH evaluated the finding in more detail If the level was less than the screening value or not detected at all then that chemical was dropped from the evaluation and considered to be no health concern

Results

The indoor air results are included in Table III The levels of VOCs detected in all three buildings near Sherwood Medical were similar to those detected in the background home All VOC concentrations are at levels that are commonly found in indoor air In June 2008 the Florida DOH sent letters to each resident explaining their specific results

The main contaminants of concern in the shallow groundwater underlying the homes TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of the three buildings tested that were located over the contaminated groundwater PCE was detected in the background sample during one out of three sequential 8-hour tests but was below screening values PCE is commonly found in sources such as dry-cleaned clothing and household products

Benzene chloroform and 12-DCA were detected at low levels but the maximum 8-hr average was above a screening value for cancer effects at one or more locations and will be evaluated further in the next section Several other VOCs (see Table III for list) were detected at low levels but below screening values therefore they will not be evaluated any further

Acetone benzene and chloroform have been found in the shallow groundwater on-site but at low enough levels to not be a concern for vapor intrusion In addition these chemicals are common indoor air contaminants at the low levels that were detected and were found at the background site as well Therefore these contaminants are not likely to be associated with the groundwater contamination from Sherwood but are probably present from another source such as household products

12-DCA has not been found in contaminated groundwater from Sherwood but was found in the indoor air in one building that was tested (location 2 39 microgm3) and in the background location (22 microgm3) above the cancer screening value

Discussion

The three contaminants detected above screening values (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) are discussed further in this section (Table IV) In summary benzene and chloroform were found at low levels and are not expected to cause any harmful health effects for typical residential exposures 12-DCA was found in one test sample and the background sample at levels that may cause a low to moderate theoretical increased cancer risk if someone breathed those levels

6

consistently for a long period of time (30-70 yrs)

Benzene

Benzene was detected at location 2 (26 microgm3) and location 4 (background) (27 microgm3) These values are below screening values for non-cancer health effects (10 microgm3) but above the screening value for cancer effects (01 microgm3) Major sources of benzene in air are tobacco smoke gasoline vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions A few glues paints furniture wax and detergents contain low amounts of benzene also It is commonly found in indoor air at about 5 microgm3 (EPA 1998) Benzene levels detected during this air testing were below this average indoor air value

Because the cancer screening value was exceeded Florida DOH calculated the cancer risk from exposure to benzene and determined a very low theoretical increased risk

Benzene levels detected during this air testing are not likely to harm peoplersquos health because the cancer risk is very low

Chloroform

Chloroform was detected at locations 1 (18 microgm3) 2 (22 microgm3) and 4 background (18 microgm3) These values are below screening values for non-cancer health effects (100 microg m3) but above the screening value for cancer effects (004 microgm3)

Chloroform enters the environment from chemical companies paper mills and other sources Chloroform can enter the air directly from factories that make or use it and by evaporating from contaminated water and soil It evaporates easily into the air Chloroform enters indoor air from hot showers and other vaporization of chlorinated municipal water EPA reports typical indoor levels of 1 microgm3 (EPA 1998) The maximum 8-hr chloroform levels found in the indoor air of locations 1 2 and 4 are slightly above this typical indoor air level The 24-hr average levels for each location are much closer to the 1 microgm3 typical indoor air level

Because the cancer screening value was exceeded Florida DOH calculated the cancer risk from chloroform and determined a very low theoretical increased risk

Chloroform levels detected during this air testing are not likely to harm peoplersquos health because the cancer risk is very low Proper ventilation (fan exhausts HVAC or open windows) would decrease the levels

12-DCA

12-DCA was detected at locations 2 (61 microgm3) and location 4 background (65 microgm3) These values are below screening values for non-cancer health effects (2000 microgm3) but above the screening value for cancer effects (004 microgm3)

12-DCA is most commonly used in the production of vinyl chloride which is used to make a variety of plastic and vinyl products including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes furniture and automobile upholstery wall coverings house wares and automobile parts It is also used as a solvent and is added to leaded gasoline to remove lead Old cleaning solutions pesticides wallpaper carpeting glue and some paintvarnishfinish removers also contain 12-DCA 12shyDCA has not been detected in shallow or deep contaminated groundwater from Sherwood

7

Because the cancer screening value was exceeded Florida DOH calculated the cancer risk from 12-DCA The cancer risk for 24-hour averages of 12-DCA was found to be a low to moderate increased theoretical cancer risk for lifetime exposure (70 years) The 24 hour averages for location 2 and 4 were 390 microgm3and 224 microgm3 respectively (non-detects were calculated as frac12 the detection limit) Using EPArsquos inhalation unit risk factor DOH estimates the theoretical increased cancer risk from lifetime (70 year) inhalation of the highest 24-hour time weighted average indoor air concentration of 12-DCA (390 microgm3) is about 1 in 1000 or a ldquomoderaterdquo increased cancer risk This is an upper-bound risk estimate The actual risk may be lower and may be as low as zero To put this into context the American Cancer Society estimates that one out of every three Americans (or 333 in 1000) will be diagnosed with some form of cancer in their lifetime Adding the upper-bound estimate of the theoretical increased cancer risk from lifetime exposure to 390 microgm3 12-DCA near Sherwood would increase the cancer incidence from 333 in 1000 to 334 in 1000

Limitations

There are at least two limitations for this investigation First the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD collected three 8-hour samples for a total of 24 hours from four locations Indoor air concentrations may be different on other days or in other seasons Second although indoor air samples were collected from homes above the highest shallow groundwater contamination the air in other homes in the neighborhood may have been different

Child Health Considerations

Little information exists on how VOCs differ in their effects between children and adults (ATSDR 1997) Children drink more fluids eat more food and breathe more air per kilogram of body weight than do adults Children have a larger skin surface in proportion to their body volume Therefore children may be more sensitive to the effects of VOCs than adults

Florida DOH reviewed the air test results in terms of sensitive populations such as pregnant women nursing mothers and children and found that the VOCs detected in indoor air are not likely to harm the health of sensitive subpopulations

Conclusions

TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of homes overlying the shallow groundwater contamination therefore no vapor intrusion was found in this exposure investigation

The VOCs that were detected in indoor air of homes overlying the shallow groundwater (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) were not detected in the shallow groundwater contamination therefore these VOCs were not present due to vapor intrusion

12-DCA may harm peoplersquos health in locations 2 and 4 by causing a low to moderate increased risk of cancer if people breathed those levels of 12-DCA for a very long time (about 70 years) However this exposure scenario is very unlikely Shorter-term exposures to the levels of 12-DCA detected in this study are not likely to harm peoplersquos health

The other VOCs detected during this air testing were at levels commonly found in indoor air and are not expected to harm peoplersquos health

8

Recommendations

When using commercial or household products containing 12-DCA residents should open windows to ventilate Concerned residents should also consider using non-toxic cleaning products

Residents concerned about any chemical detected in their home can decrease VOC exposure by following proper storage procedures for any product in the home containing VOCs and using proper ventilation (eg open windows use exhaust fans run HVAC system) when using a product high in VOCs

If additional chemicals are found in the groundwater or groundwater contaminant levels increase significantly the Florida DOH will consider recommending additional indoor air monitoring

9

Authors Technical Advisors

Susan Skye

Biological Scientist IV Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

Florida DOH Designated Reviewer

Randy Merchant

Program Administrator Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

ATSDR Technical Project Officer

Jennifer Freed

Technical Project Officer Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Superfund Program and Assessment Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

10

References

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Private Residential Wells at Sherwood Medical NPL site September 4 2008a

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Exposure Investigation Protocol for the Sherwood Medical NPL site Approved April 14 2008b

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry VOC Guidance Document 2008c wwwatsdrcdcgov

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Air Stripper Impacts at Sherwood Medical NPL site August 11 2009

[DEP] Sherwood Medical Industries Fact Sheet wwwdepstatefluswastequick_topicspublicationswcsitessummary031pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 1992 httpwwwepagovRegion4wastereuseflnplflnSherwoodMedicalpdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004a EPA Second Five Year Review for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004b EPA Second Five Year Review Memo from Wes Hardegree to Winston Smith for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesfiveyearf05-04003pdf

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007a httpwwwepagovregion4wastenplnplflnshrmedflhtm Last viewed January 22 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007b httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesnplnar410htm Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007c httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesrodsfulltextr0491092pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1989 Preliminary Health Assessment for Sherwood Medical Industries

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1992 Site Review and Update Sherwood Medical Industries

[Regenesis] 3-D Microemulsiontrade Effective in Treating CVOC Contamination 2007 httpwwwregenesiscomlibraryCase20Histories3DMe23DMeDelandFLpdf Last viewed August 18 2008

11

Because the cancer screening value was exceeded Florida DOH calculated the cancer risk from 12-DCA The cancer risk for 24-hour averages of 12-DCA was found to be a low to moderate increased theoretical cancer risk for lifetime exposure (70 years) The 24 hour averages for location 2 and 4 were 390 microgm3and 224 microgm3 respectively (non-detects were calculated as frac12 the detection limit) Using EPArsquos inhalation unit risk factor DOH estimates the theoretical increased cancer risk from lifetime (70 year) inhalation of the highest 24-hour time weighted average indoor air concentration of 12-DCA (390 microgm3) is about 1 in 1000 or a ldquomoderaterdquo increased cancer risk This is an upper-bound risk estimate The actual risk may be lower and may be as low as zero To put this into context the American Cancer Society estimates that one out of every three Americans (or 333 in 1000) will be diagnosed with some form of cancer in their lifetime Adding the upper-bound estimate of the theoretical increased cancer risk from lifetime exposure to 390 microgm3 12-DCA near Sherwood would increase the cancer incidence from 333 in 1000 to 334 in 1000

Limitations

There are at least two limitations for this investigation First the Florida DOH and the Volusia CHD collected three 8-hour samples for a total of 24 hours from four locations Indoor air concentrations may be different on other days or in other seasons Second although indoor air samples were collected from homes above the highest shallow groundwater contamination the air in other homes in the neighborhood may have been different

Child Health Considerations

Little information exists on how VOCs differ in their effects between children and adults (ATSDR 1997) Children drink more fluids eat more food and breathe more air per kilogram of body weight than do adults Children have a larger skin surface in proportion to their body volume Therefore children may be more sensitive to the effects of VOCs than adults

Florida DOH reviewed the air test results in terms of sensitive populations such as pregnant women nursing mothers and children and found that the VOCs detected in indoor air are not likely to harm the health of sensitive subpopulations

Conclusions

TCE and PCE were not found in the indoor air of homes overlying the shallow groundwater contamination therefore no vapor intrusion was found in this exposure investigation

The VOCs that were detected in indoor air of homes overlying the shallow groundwater (benzene chloroform and 12-DCA) were not detected in the shallow groundwater contamination therefore these VOCs were not present due to vapor intrusion

12-DCA may harm peoplersquos health in locations 2 and 4 by causing a low to moderate increased risk of cancer if people breathed those levels of 12-DCA for a very long time (about 70 years) However this exposure scenario is very unlikely Shorter-term exposures to the levels of 12-DCA detected in this study are not likely to harm peoplersquos health

The other VOCs detected during this air testing were at levels commonly found in indoor air and are not expected to harm peoplersquos health

8

Recommendations

When using commercial or household products containing 12-DCA residents should open windows to ventilate Concerned residents should also consider using non-toxic cleaning products

Residents concerned about any chemical detected in their home can decrease VOC exposure by following proper storage procedures for any product in the home containing VOCs and using proper ventilation (eg open windows use exhaust fans run HVAC system) when using a product high in VOCs

If additional chemicals are found in the groundwater or groundwater contaminant levels increase significantly the Florida DOH will consider recommending additional indoor air monitoring

9

Authors Technical Advisors

Susan Skye

Biological Scientist IV Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

Florida DOH Designated Reviewer

Randy Merchant

Program Administrator Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

ATSDR Technical Project Officer

Jennifer Freed

Technical Project Officer Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Superfund Program and Assessment Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

10

References

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Private Residential Wells at Sherwood Medical NPL site September 4 2008a

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Exposure Investigation Protocol for the Sherwood Medical NPL site Approved April 14 2008b

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry VOC Guidance Document 2008c wwwatsdrcdcgov

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Air Stripper Impacts at Sherwood Medical NPL site August 11 2009

[DEP] Sherwood Medical Industries Fact Sheet wwwdepstatefluswastequick_topicspublicationswcsitessummary031pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 1992 httpwwwepagovRegion4wastereuseflnplflnSherwoodMedicalpdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004a EPA Second Five Year Review for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004b EPA Second Five Year Review Memo from Wes Hardegree to Winston Smith for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesfiveyearf05-04003pdf

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007a httpwwwepagovregion4wastenplnplflnshrmedflhtm Last viewed January 22 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007b httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesnplnar410htm Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007c httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesrodsfulltextr0491092pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1989 Preliminary Health Assessment for Sherwood Medical Industries

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1992 Site Review and Update Sherwood Medical Industries

[Regenesis] 3-D Microemulsiontrade Effective in Treating CVOC Contamination 2007 httpwwwregenesiscomlibraryCase20Histories3DMe23DMeDelandFLpdf Last viewed August 18 2008

11

Recommendations

When using commercial or household products containing 12-DCA residents should open windows to ventilate Concerned residents should also consider using non-toxic cleaning products

Residents concerned about any chemical detected in their home can decrease VOC exposure by following proper storage procedures for any product in the home containing VOCs and using proper ventilation (eg open windows use exhaust fans run HVAC system) when using a product high in VOCs

If additional chemicals are found in the groundwater or groundwater contaminant levels increase significantly the Florida DOH will consider recommending additional indoor air monitoring

9

Authors Technical Advisors

Susan Skye

Biological Scientist IV Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

Florida DOH Designated Reviewer

Randy Merchant

Program Administrator Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

ATSDR Technical Project Officer

Jennifer Freed

Technical Project Officer Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Superfund Program and Assessment Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

10

References

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Private Residential Wells at Sherwood Medical NPL site September 4 2008a

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Exposure Investigation Protocol for the Sherwood Medical NPL site Approved April 14 2008b

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry VOC Guidance Document 2008c wwwatsdrcdcgov

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Air Stripper Impacts at Sherwood Medical NPL site August 11 2009

[DEP] Sherwood Medical Industries Fact Sheet wwwdepstatefluswastequick_topicspublicationswcsitessummary031pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 1992 httpwwwepagovRegion4wastereuseflnplflnSherwoodMedicalpdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004a EPA Second Five Year Review for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004b EPA Second Five Year Review Memo from Wes Hardegree to Winston Smith for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesfiveyearf05-04003pdf

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007a httpwwwepagovregion4wastenplnplflnshrmedflhtm Last viewed January 22 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007b httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesnplnar410htm Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007c httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesrodsfulltextr0491092pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1989 Preliminary Health Assessment for Sherwood Medical Industries

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1992 Site Review and Update Sherwood Medical Industries

[Regenesis] 3-D Microemulsiontrade Effective in Treating CVOC Contamination 2007 httpwwwregenesiscomlibraryCase20Histories3DMe23DMeDelandFLpdf Last viewed August 18 2008

11

Authors Technical Advisors

Susan Skye

Biological Scientist IV Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

Florida DOH Designated Reviewer

Randy Merchant

Program Administrator Florida Department of Health Division of Environmental Health

ATSDR Technical Project Officer

Jennifer Freed

Technical Project Officer Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Superfund Program and Assessment Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

10

References

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Private Residential Wells at Sherwood Medical NPL site September 4 2008a

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Exposure Investigation Protocol for the Sherwood Medical NPL site Approved April 14 2008b

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry VOC Guidance Document 2008c wwwatsdrcdcgov

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Air Stripper Impacts at Sherwood Medical NPL site August 11 2009

[DEP] Sherwood Medical Industries Fact Sheet wwwdepstatefluswastequick_topicspublicationswcsitessummary031pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 1992 httpwwwepagovRegion4wastereuseflnplflnSherwoodMedicalpdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004a EPA Second Five Year Review for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004b EPA Second Five Year Review Memo from Wes Hardegree to Winston Smith for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesfiveyearf05-04003pdf

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007a httpwwwepagovregion4wastenplnplflnshrmedflhtm Last viewed January 22 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007b httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesnplnar410htm Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007c httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesrodsfulltextr0491092pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1989 Preliminary Health Assessment for Sherwood Medical Industries

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1992 Site Review and Update Sherwood Medical Industries

[Regenesis] 3-D Microemulsiontrade Effective in Treating CVOC Contamination 2007 httpwwwregenesiscomlibraryCase20Histories3DMe23DMeDelandFLpdf Last viewed August 18 2008

11

References

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Private Residential Wells at Sherwood Medical NPL site September 4 2008a

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Exposure Investigation Protocol for the Sherwood Medical NPL site Approved April 14 2008b

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry VOC Guidance Document 2008c wwwatsdrcdcgov

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Letter Health Consultation on Air Stripper Impacts at Sherwood Medical NPL site August 11 2009

[DEP] Sherwood Medical Industries Fact Sheet wwwdepstatefluswastequick_topicspublicationswcsitessummary031pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 1992 httpwwwepagovRegion4wastereuseflnplflnSherwoodMedicalpdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004a EPA Second Five Year Review for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2004b EPA Second Five Year Review Memo from Wes Hardegree to Winston Smith for Sherwood Medical Industries NPL Site httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesfiveyearf05-04003pdf

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007a httpwwwepagovregion4wastenplnplflnshrmedflhtm Last viewed January 22 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007b httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesnplnar410htm Last viewed January 17 2008

[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2007c httpwwwepagovsuperfundsitesrodsfulltextr0491092pdf Last viewed January 17 2008

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1989 Preliminary Health Assessment for Sherwood Medical Industries

[HRS] Florida Department of Health and Rehabilititative Services 1992 Site Review and Update Sherwood Medical Industries

[Regenesis] 3-D Microemulsiontrade Effective in Treating CVOC Contamination 2007 httpwwwregenesiscomlibraryCase20Histories3DMe23DMeDelandFLpdf Last viewed August 18 2008

11

[UES] Universal Engineering Sciences January through June 2007 Semi-Annual Sampling Report 2007

[UES] Universal Engineering Sciences June through December 2007 Semi-Annual Sampling ReportSemi-Annual Sampling Report 2008

[Weston] Sherwood Medical Company Final Report on the Site Remedial Investigation 1992 Prepared by Roy F Weston for EPA

12

FIGURE 1 Volusia County Map

13

FIGURE 2 Aerial View Sherwood Medical Site

14

FIGURE 3 Street Map - Sherwood Medical Site

Deland Florida

Reference wwwmapquestcom

15

FIGURE 1 Volusia County Map

13

FIGURE 2 Aerial View Sherwood Medical Site

14

FIGURE 3 Street Map - Sherwood Medical Site

Deland Florida

Reference wwwmapquestcom

15

FIGURE 2 Aerial View Sherwood Medical Site

14

FIGURE 3 Street Map - Sherwood Medical Site

Deland Florida

Reference wwwmapquestcom

15

FIGURE 3 Street Map - Sherwood Medical Site

Deland Florida

Reference wwwmapquestcom

15

Figure 4

Air Sampling Locations (3 near the site and 1 background)

16

Table I Residential Potable Well Contaminants near Sherwood

All values in micrograms per liter (microgL)

Well ID Chemical 606 1206 607 1207

PCE lt06 lt065 lt065 lt047

TCE lt03 lt071 lt071 lt030

Kepler Rd cis 12-DCE 05 I lt075 lt075 1

trans 12-DCE lt08 lt083 lt083 lt058

PCE lt06 lt065 lt065 lt047

San Antonio Street TCE lt03 lt071 lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE 2 12 19 35

trans 12-DCE lt08 lt083 lt083 lt058

PCE lt06 lt065 lt065 lt047

N Blue Lake Ave TCE lt03 lt071 lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE lt03 lt075 lt075 lt034

trans 12-DCE lt08 lt083 lt083 lt058

PCE lt06

Well out of service - Connected to municipal supply

Calle Alto Vista TCE lt03

cis 12-DCE lt03

trans 12-DCE lt08

PCE lt06lt0

6 W

ell b

eing

re

paire

d

lt065 lt047

Kepler Rd TCE 06 I07

I lt071

090 I

cis 12-DCE 22 lt075 5

trans 12-DCE lt08lt0

8 lt083

058

PCE NS NS lt065 lt047

Calle Revilla TCE NS NS lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt075 041 I

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt083 lt058

PCE NS NS lt065 lt047

2160 Calle Revilla Dr TCE NS NS lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt075 047 I

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt083 lt058

PCE NS NS lt065 lt047

1891 Calle Narauja TCE NS NS lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt075 055 I

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt083 lt058

PCE NS NS

Well Not Available

lt047

1850 Calle Buena Vista TCE NS NS lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt034

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt058

NS = not sampled

17

Table II Sherwood Area Ranges of TCE and PCE Groundwater Concentrations in 2006 amp 2007 (micrograms per liter)

Upper Surficial Aquifer

(45rsquo-60rsquo below ground surface)

Lower Surficial Aquifer

(60rsquo-100rsquo below ground surface)

Groundwater Cleanup Target Level

PCE

2006

2007

lt06

2400

(MW 111-113) (MW 106)

lt07 (MW 101amp111-113amp124) (MW 106)

lt06

279

(IW2IW8IW10) (IW6)

lt05 (IW 8IW10IW13IW30ampIW40) (IW6)

3

TCE

2006

2007

2000lt03

940

(MW109110112113) (MW-105)

lt07 (MW 101109110111113amp124) (MW 105)

100lt03

322

(IW2IW10IW18) (IW12)

lt03 (IW2 IW10IW13IW30IW40) (IW12)

3

460 270MW = monitoring wells

IW = lower surficial aquifer wells

18

Table III 2008 Indoor Air Concentrations (8 hour samples)

(micrograms per cubic meter = microgm3)

Chemical2

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

Location 4 (background)

Morning Afternoon

Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning3

Afternoon Evening

Late Evening Early Morn

12-Dichloroethane ND ND ND ND 550 610 ND ND ND ND 650 ND

14-Dichlorobenzene 19 J ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2-Butanone ND ND ND 29 56 79 ND ND ND 26 61 ND

Acetone4 120 E 43 38 960 E 130 E 140 E 190 250 190 440 170 E 930 E

Benzene ND ND ND ND 26 26 ND ND ND ND 27 14 J

Chloroform 18 J ND ND 21 J 22J ND ND ND ND ND 18 J 18 J

Chloromethane 21 ND ND 25 ND ND 15 ND ND ND ND 31

Dichlorodifluoromethane 30 34 35 30 93 130 E 33 29 J 33 34 140 E 30

Ethyl Acetate ND ND ND 45 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 450

Ethylbenzene ND ND ND ND 21 J 23 ND ND ND ND 24 ND

4-Ethyltoluene ND 44 58 ND 15 J 14 J ND ND ND 29 20 J ND

Freon 11 ND 88 97 ND 31 30 30 24 26 J 81 33 ND

Heptane 17 J ND 21 14 J 34 46 ND ND ND 30 42 27

Hexane ND 100 ND ND 19 220 17 J ND 200 ND 25 ND

Styrene ND ND ND ND 13 J 14 J ND ND ND ND 16 J ND

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 27 J ND ND

Toluene 42 89 ND 38 150 170 160 86 95 89 170 82

135-Trimethylbenzene ND 51 66 ND 16 J 14 J ND ND ND 41 20 J ND

124-Trimethylbenzene 32 17 220 26 38 32 ND ND ND 140 48 32

mp-Xylene ND 50 47 ND 36 J 39 J ND ND ND 36 J 39 J 28 J

o-Xylene ND ND 39 ND ND 13 J ND ND ND 25 ND ND ND= non-detect J= the value is between the Maximum Detection Limit (MDL) and Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) It is also used for indicating an estimated value for tentatively identified compounds in mass Spectrometry where a 11 response is assumed E= indicates a reported value above the analytical linear range

2 36 other VOCs were tested and were not detected 3 The first morning sample for Location 4 canister was turned off for 1 hour and 40 minutes due to a pressure gauge misunderstanding 4 The Quality Control data had a lower percent recovery for acetone (799)

19

Table IV VOC Comparison Values and Maximum Sampling Results

ATSDR Comparison Values EPA Comparison Values Sampling Results

Volatile Organic Compounds acute

(ugm3) interm (ugm3)

chronic (ugm3)

cancer (ugm3)

EPA RFC

(ugm3)

EPA Inhalation Unit Risk ( ugm3)-1

Maximum 8shyhr conc detected (ugm3)

Above a comparison

value

14-Dichlorobenzene 10000 1000 60 None 800 none 19J No

12-dichloroethane none none 2000 004 none 26E-05 65 Yes

2-Butanone none none none None 5000 none 79 No

Acetone 60000 30000 30000 None none none 170 No

Benzene 30 20 10 01 30 78 E-06 27 Yes

Chloroform 500 200 100 004 none 23E-05 22 Yes

Chloromethane 1000 400 100 None none none 31 No

Dichlorodifluoromethane none none none None none none 140 na

Ethyl Acetate none none none None none none 45 na

Ethylbenzene none 4000 none None 1000 none 24 No

4-Ethyl Toluene none none none None none none 58 na

Freon 11 none none none None none none 97 na

Heptane none none none None none none 46 na

Hexane none none 2000 None 700 none 220 No

Styrene none none 300 None 1000 none 16 No

Tetrachloroethene 1000 none 300 None none none 27 No

Toluene 4000 none 300 None 5000 none 17 No

135-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 66 na

124-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 22 na

Xylenes (total) 9000 3000 200 None 100 none 5 No Bold and underline cells indicate an exceedance of a comparison value

20

Table I Residential Potable Well Contaminants near Sherwood

All values in micrograms per liter (microgL)

Well ID Chemical 606 1206 607 1207

PCE lt06 lt065 lt065 lt047

TCE lt03 lt071 lt071 lt030

Kepler Rd cis 12-DCE 05 I lt075 lt075 1

trans 12-DCE lt08 lt083 lt083 lt058

PCE lt06 lt065 lt065 lt047

San Antonio Street TCE lt03 lt071 lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE 2 12 19 35

trans 12-DCE lt08 lt083 lt083 lt058

PCE lt06 lt065 lt065 lt047

N Blue Lake Ave TCE lt03 lt071 lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE lt03 lt075 lt075 lt034

trans 12-DCE lt08 lt083 lt083 lt058

PCE lt06

Well out of service - Connected to municipal supply

Calle Alto Vista TCE lt03

cis 12-DCE lt03

trans 12-DCE lt08

PCE lt06lt0

6 W

ell b

eing

re

paire

d

lt065 lt047

Kepler Rd TCE 06 I07

I lt071

090 I

cis 12-DCE 22 lt075 5

trans 12-DCE lt08lt0

8 lt083

058

PCE NS NS lt065 lt047

Calle Revilla TCE NS NS lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt075 041 I

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt083 lt058

PCE NS NS lt065 lt047

2160 Calle Revilla Dr TCE NS NS lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt075 047 I

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt083 lt058

PCE NS NS lt065 lt047

1891 Calle Narauja TCE NS NS lt071 lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt075 055 I

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt083 lt058

PCE NS NS

Well Not Available

lt047

1850 Calle Buena Vista TCE NS NS lt030

cis 12-DCE NS NS lt034

trans 12-DCE NS NS lt058

NS = not sampled

17

Table II Sherwood Area Ranges of TCE and PCE Groundwater Concentrations in 2006 amp 2007 (micrograms per liter)

Upper Surficial Aquifer

(45rsquo-60rsquo below ground surface)

Lower Surficial Aquifer

(60rsquo-100rsquo below ground surface)

Groundwater Cleanup Target Level

PCE

2006

2007

lt06

2400

(MW 111-113) (MW 106)

lt07 (MW 101amp111-113amp124) (MW 106)

lt06

279

(IW2IW8IW10) (IW6)

lt05 (IW 8IW10IW13IW30ampIW40) (IW6)

3

TCE

2006

2007

2000lt03

940

(MW109110112113) (MW-105)

lt07 (MW 101109110111113amp124) (MW 105)

100lt03

322

(IW2IW10IW18) (IW12)

lt03 (IW2 IW10IW13IW30IW40) (IW12)

3

460 270MW = monitoring wells

IW = lower surficial aquifer wells

18

Table III 2008 Indoor Air Concentrations (8 hour samples)

(micrograms per cubic meter = microgm3)

Chemical2

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

Location 4 (background)

Morning Afternoon

Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning3

Afternoon Evening

Late Evening Early Morn

12-Dichloroethane ND ND ND ND 550 610 ND ND ND ND 650 ND

14-Dichlorobenzene 19 J ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2-Butanone ND ND ND 29 56 79 ND ND ND 26 61 ND

Acetone4 120 E 43 38 960 E 130 E 140 E 190 250 190 440 170 E 930 E

Benzene ND ND ND ND 26 26 ND ND ND ND 27 14 J

Chloroform 18 J ND ND 21 J 22J ND ND ND ND ND 18 J 18 J

Chloromethane 21 ND ND 25 ND ND 15 ND ND ND ND 31

Dichlorodifluoromethane 30 34 35 30 93 130 E 33 29 J 33 34 140 E 30

Ethyl Acetate ND ND ND 45 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 450

Ethylbenzene ND ND ND ND 21 J 23 ND ND ND ND 24 ND

4-Ethyltoluene ND 44 58 ND 15 J 14 J ND ND ND 29 20 J ND

Freon 11 ND 88 97 ND 31 30 30 24 26 J 81 33 ND

Heptane 17 J ND 21 14 J 34 46 ND ND ND 30 42 27

Hexane ND 100 ND ND 19 220 17 J ND 200 ND 25 ND

Styrene ND ND ND ND 13 J 14 J ND ND ND ND 16 J ND

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 27 J ND ND

Toluene 42 89 ND 38 150 170 160 86 95 89 170 82

135-Trimethylbenzene ND 51 66 ND 16 J 14 J ND ND ND 41 20 J ND

124-Trimethylbenzene 32 17 220 26 38 32 ND ND ND 140 48 32

mp-Xylene ND 50 47 ND 36 J 39 J ND ND ND 36 J 39 J 28 J

o-Xylene ND ND 39 ND ND 13 J ND ND ND 25 ND ND ND= non-detect J= the value is between the Maximum Detection Limit (MDL) and Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) It is also used for indicating an estimated value for tentatively identified compounds in mass Spectrometry where a 11 response is assumed E= indicates a reported value above the analytical linear range

2 36 other VOCs were tested and were not detected 3 The first morning sample for Location 4 canister was turned off for 1 hour and 40 minutes due to a pressure gauge misunderstanding 4 The Quality Control data had a lower percent recovery for acetone (799)

19

Table IV VOC Comparison Values and Maximum Sampling Results

ATSDR Comparison Values EPA Comparison Values Sampling Results

Volatile Organic Compounds acute

(ugm3) interm (ugm3)

chronic (ugm3)

cancer (ugm3)

EPA RFC

(ugm3)

EPA Inhalation Unit Risk ( ugm3)-1

Maximum 8shyhr conc detected (ugm3)

Above a comparison

value

14-Dichlorobenzene 10000 1000 60 None 800 none 19J No

12-dichloroethane none none 2000 004 none 26E-05 65 Yes

2-Butanone none none none None 5000 none 79 No

Acetone 60000 30000 30000 None none none 170 No

Benzene 30 20 10 01 30 78 E-06 27 Yes

Chloroform 500 200 100 004 none 23E-05 22 Yes

Chloromethane 1000 400 100 None none none 31 No

Dichlorodifluoromethane none none none None none none 140 na

Ethyl Acetate none none none None none none 45 na

Ethylbenzene none 4000 none None 1000 none 24 No

4-Ethyl Toluene none none none None none none 58 na

Freon 11 none none none None none none 97 na

Heptane none none none None none none 46 na

Hexane none none 2000 None 700 none 220 No

Styrene none none 300 None 1000 none 16 No

Tetrachloroethene 1000 none 300 None none none 27 No

Toluene 4000 none 300 None 5000 none 17 No

135-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 66 na

124-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 22 na

Xylenes (total) 9000 3000 200 None 100 none 5 No Bold and underline cells indicate an exceedance of a comparison value

20

Table II Sherwood Area Ranges of TCE and PCE Groundwater Concentrations in 2006 amp 2007 (micrograms per liter)

Upper Surficial Aquifer

(45rsquo-60rsquo below ground surface)

Lower Surficial Aquifer

(60rsquo-100rsquo below ground surface)

Groundwater Cleanup Target Level

PCE

2006

2007

lt06

2400

(MW 111-113) (MW 106)

lt07 (MW 101amp111-113amp124) (MW 106)

lt06

279

(IW2IW8IW10) (IW6)

lt05 (IW 8IW10IW13IW30ampIW40) (IW6)

3

TCE

2006

2007

2000lt03

940

(MW109110112113) (MW-105)

lt07 (MW 101109110111113amp124) (MW 105)

100lt03

322

(IW2IW10IW18) (IW12)

lt03 (IW2 IW10IW13IW30IW40) (IW12)

3

460 270MW = monitoring wells

IW = lower surficial aquifer wells

18

Table III 2008 Indoor Air Concentrations (8 hour samples)

(micrograms per cubic meter = microgm3)

Chemical2

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

Location 4 (background)

Morning Afternoon

Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning3

Afternoon Evening

Late Evening Early Morn

12-Dichloroethane ND ND ND ND 550 610 ND ND ND ND 650 ND

14-Dichlorobenzene 19 J ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2-Butanone ND ND ND 29 56 79 ND ND ND 26 61 ND

Acetone4 120 E 43 38 960 E 130 E 140 E 190 250 190 440 170 E 930 E

Benzene ND ND ND ND 26 26 ND ND ND ND 27 14 J

Chloroform 18 J ND ND 21 J 22J ND ND ND ND ND 18 J 18 J

Chloromethane 21 ND ND 25 ND ND 15 ND ND ND ND 31

Dichlorodifluoromethane 30 34 35 30 93 130 E 33 29 J 33 34 140 E 30

Ethyl Acetate ND ND ND 45 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 450

Ethylbenzene ND ND ND ND 21 J 23 ND ND ND ND 24 ND

4-Ethyltoluene ND 44 58 ND 15 J 14 J ND ND ND 29 20 J ND

Freon 11 ND 88 97 ND 31 30 30 24 26 J 81 33 ND

Heptane 17 J ND 21 14 J 34 46 ND ND ND 30 42 27

Hexane ND 100 ND ND 19 220 17 J ND 200 ND 25 ND

Styrene ND ND ND ND 13 J 14 J ND ND ND ND 16 J ND

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 27 J ND ND

Toluene 42 89 ND 38 150 170 160 86 95 89 170 82

135-Trimethylbenzene ND 51 66 ND 16 J 14 J ND ND ND 41 20 J ND

124-Trimethylbenzene 32 17 220 26 38 32 ND ND ND 140 48 32

mp-Xylene ND 50 47 ND 36 J 39 J ND ND ND 36 J 39 J 28 J

o-Xylene ND ND 39 ND ND 13 J ND ND ND 25 ND ND ND= non-detect J= the value is between the Maximum Detection Limit (MDL) and Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) It is also used for indicating an estimated value for tentatively identified compounds in mass Spectrometry where a 11 response is assumed E= indicates a reported value above the analytical linear range

2 36 other VOCs were tested and were not detected 3 The first morning sample for Location 4 canister was turned off for 1 hour and 40 minutes due to a pressure gauge misunderstanding 4 The Quality Control data had a lower percent recovery for acetone (799)

19

Table IV VOC Comparison Values and Maximum Sampling Results

ATSDR Comparison Values EPA Comparison Values Sampling Results

Volatile Organic Compounds acute

(ugm3) interm (ugm3)

chronic (ugm3)

cancer (ugm3)

EPA RFC

(ugm3)

EPA Inhalation Unit Risk ( ugm3)-1

Maximum 8shyhr conc detected (ugm3)

Above a comparison

value

14-Dichlorobenzene 10000 1000 60 None 800 none 19J No

12-dichloroethane none none 2000 004 none 26E-05 65 Yes

2-Butanone none none none None 5000 none 79 No

Acetone 60000 30000 30000 None none none 170 No

Benzene 30 20 10 01 30 78 E-06 27 Yes

Chloroform 500 200 100 004 none 23E-05 22 Yes

Chloromethane 1000 400 100 None none none 31 No

Dichlorodifluoromethane none none none None none none 140 na

Ethyl Acetate none none none None none none 45 na

Ethylbenzene none 4000 none None 1000 none 24 No

4-Ethyl Toluene none none none None none none 58 na

Freon 11 none none none None none none 97 na

Heptane none none none None none none 46 na

Hexane none none 2000 None 700 none 220 No

Styrene none none 300 None 1000 none 16 No

Tetrachloroethene 1000 none 300 None none none 27 No

Toluene 4000 none 300 None 5000 none 17 No

135-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 66 na

124-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 22 na

Xylenes (total) 9000 3000 200 None 100 none 5 No Bold and underline cells indicate an exceedance of a comparison value

20

Table III 2008 Indoor Air Concentrations (8 hour samples)

(micrograms per cubic meter = microgm3)

Chemical2

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

Location 4 (background)

Morning Afternoon

Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning

Afternoon Evening

Late Eve Early Morn Morning3

Afternoon Evening

Late Evening Early Morn

12-Dichloroethane ND ND ND ND 550 610 ND ND ND ND 650 ND

14-Dichlorobenzene 19 J ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2-Butanone ND ND ND 29 56 79 ND ND ND 26 61 ND

Acetone4 120 E 43 38 960 E 130 E 140 E 190 250 190 440 170 E 930 E

Benzene ND ND ND ND 26 26 ND ND ND ND 27 14 J

Chloroform 18 J ND ND 21 J 22J ND ND ND ND ND 18 J 18 J

Chloromethane 21 ND ND 25 ND ND 15 ND ND ND ND 31

Dichlorodifluoromethane 30 34 35 30 93 130 E 33 29 J 33 34 140 E 30

Ethyl Acetate ND ND ND 45 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 450

Ethylbenzene ND ND ND ND 21 J 23 ND ND ND ND 24 ND

4-Ethyltoluene ND 44 58 ND 15 J 14 J ND ND ND 29 20 J ND

Freon 11 ND 88 97 ND 31 30 30 24 26 J 81 33 ND

Heptane 17 J ND 21 14 J 34 46 ND ND ND 30 42 27

Hexane ND 100 ND ND 19 220 17 J ND 200 ND 25 ND

Styrene ND ND ND ND 13 J 14 J ND ND ND ND 16 J ND

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 27 J ND ND

Toluene 42 89 ND 38 150 170 160 86 95 89 170 82

135-Trimethylbenzene ND 51 66 ND 16 J 14 J ND ND ND 41 20 J ND

124-Trimethylbenzene 32 17 220 26 38 32 ND ND ND 140 48 32

mp-Xylene ND 50 47 ND 36 J 39 J ND ND ND 36 J 39 J 28 J

o-Xylene ND ND 39 ND ND 13 J ND ND ND 25 ND ND ND= non-detect J= the value is between the Maximum Detection Limit (MDL) and Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) It is also used for indicating an estimated value for tentatively identified compounds in mass Spectrometry where a 11 response is assumed E= indicates a reported value above the analytical linear range

2 36 other VOCs were tested and were not detected 3 The first morning sample for Location 4 canister was turned off for 1 hour and 40 minutes due to a pressure gauge misunderstanding 4 The Quality Control data had a lower percent recovery for acetone (799)

19

Table IV VOC Comparison Values and Maximum Sampling Results

ATSDR Comparison Values EPA Comparison Values Sampling Results

Volatile Organic Compounds acute

(ugm3) interm (ugm3)

chronic (ugm3)

cancer (ugm3)

EPA RFC

(ugm3)

EPA Inhalation Unit Risk ( ugm3)-1

Maximum 8shyhr conc detected (ugm3)

Above a comparison

value

14-Dichlorobenzene 10000 1000 60 None 800 none 19J No

12-dichloroethane none none 2000 004 none 26E-05 65 Yes

2-Butanone none none none None 5000 none 79 No

Acetone 60000 30000 30000 None none none 170 No

Benzene 30 20 10 01 30 78 E-06 27 Yes

Chloroform 500 200 100 004 none 23E-05 22 Yes

Chloromethane 1000 400 100 None none none 31 No

Dichlorodifluoromethane none none none None none none 140 na

Ethyl Acetate none none none None none none 45 na

Ethylbenzene none 4000 none None 1000 none 24 No

4-Ethyl Toluene none none none None none none 58 na

Freon 11 none none none None none none 97 na

Heptane none none none None none none 46 na

Hexane none none 2000 None 700 none 220 No

Styrene none none 300 None 1000 none 16 No

Tetrachloroethene 1000 none 300 None none none 27 No

Toluene 4000 none 300 None 5000 none 17 No

135-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 66 na

124-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 22 na

Xylenes (total) 9000 3000 200 None 100 none 5 No Bold and underline cells indicate an exceedance of a comparison value

20

Table IV VOC Comparison Values and Maximum Sampling Results

ATSDR Comparison Values EPA Comparison Values Sampling Results

Volatile Organic Compounds acute

(ugm3) interm (ugm3)

chronic (ugm3)

cancer (ugm3)

EPA RFC

(ugm3)

EPA Inhalation Unit Risk ( ugm3)-1

Maximum 8shyhr conc detected (ugm3)

Above a comparison

value

14-Dichlorobenzene 10000 1000 60 None 800 none 19J No

12-dichloroethane none none 2000 004 none 26E-05 65 Yes

2-Butanone none none none None 5000 none 79 No

Acetone 60000 30000 30000 None none none 170 No

Benzene 30 20 10 01 30 78 E-06 27 Yes

Chloroform 500 200 100 004 none 23E-05 22 Yes

Chloromethane 1000 400 100 None none none 31 No

Dichlorodifluoromethane none none none None none none 140 na

Ethyl Acetate none none none None none none 45 na

Ethylbenzene none 4000 none None 1000 none 24 No

4-Ethyl Toluene none none none None none none 58 na

Freon 11 none none none None none none 97 na

Heptane none none none None none none 46 na

Hexane none none 2000 None 700 none 220 No

Styrene none none 300 None 1000 none 16 No

Tetrachloroethene 1000 none 300 None none none 27 No

Toluene 4000 none 300 None 5000 none 17 No

135-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 66 na

124-Trimethylbenzene none none none None none none 22 na

Xylenes (total) 9000 3000 200 None 100 none 5 No Bold and underline cells indicate an exceedance of a comparison value

20