shidong li...exp in shanxi academy of agr. sci. sunlight greenhouse, microbial prep pd-d plus maize...
TRANSCRIPT
Shidong Li
Institute of Plant Protection The Chinese Academy of Agr. Sci.
Beijing, China）
Integrated Management of Soilborne Diseases of Vegetables in
Greenhouse
Vegetable consumed: >500M T/yearGreenhouse Cultivation: 3.5M ha
◆ Background
Soil infestation:--Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, --Ralstonia solanacearum,--Meloidogyne incognita, ----
Soilborne diseases--Obstacles of sustainable production
Over-application of chemicals--Social issues
Characterization: Continuous mono-croppingOver-load of soil land
Plan and Objective
Rapid “Decontamination” of SoilChem., Physic. or Biologically
Re-estblisht of Beneficial MicrofloraR&D of Microbial PreparationsIntroduction of Microbial GroupsEco-manipulation of Microflora
Suppress: Soilborne DiseasesEnsure : Quantity and Quality of Vgtbles
1.Solarization: + organic matters
2. Biological fumigation:brassica + additives
3. Chemical fumigation: Dazomet, Enzone, K-vapam
Field operations were formulated, which Reduced primary infection; Weakened fungistasis for more space for BCA; Supplied alternative for MBr
I. Soil Decontamination
Solar disinfection
Equipment and ways invented
Equipment and ways invented and Demonstration in Bashang, Hebei Province
Demons. in Bashang
Field fumigation with Dazomet at 30g/M2
STTC is specifically toxic to pathogens, making possible to use it in growth stage of crops
Preparation of STTC Soil fumigation
1. Gliocladium roseum 67-1:→pathogenic fungi2. Paecilomyces linacilus YES-1: →nematodes 3. B.licheniformis BH1:→Fusarium spp.4.B.subtilis B006:→fungi, bacteria, growth-Promotion
Nutritional requirements; Ferment conditions, Formulation and Processing tech
II. R&D of Biocontrol Preparatns
To prevent biologically nothing in soil after “cleaning” and to change the soil microflora.
Original and formulated preparations of different BCAs
III . Introduction of Beneficial Microflora into Soil
1. Corn stalk as carrier and food base
Delivery system of is highly important for success of BCAs
Corn stalk is very common in north China. We developed a procedure using that as the carrier and food base of BCAs
Field Operation
dig ditch → put stalk
Sprinkle BCA→cover soil→irrigation →make holes
Exp in Shanxi Academy of Agr. Sci.Sunlight greenhouse, microbial prep PD-
D plus maize stalk, 5 replicates
图2 0.2m深处土壤温度比较Fig.2 Soil temperature in 20cm deep
0
5
10
15
20
25
1-3 1-13 1-23 2-2 2-12 2-22 3-3
日期（月-日）
温度
（℃
）
处理区 对照区
Soil temperature at 20cm depth was increased by 5-8 in comparison with “no treatment”
Rapid Growth
TR
CK
Tomato diam at 22 Mar
00.250.5
0.751
1.25
A B C D E F G H I J K tr.
stem diam
（cm）
J: only stalksK: no treatment
Stronger root system
西红柿小区产量比较
0
50
100
150
200
250
A B C D E F G H I J K
处理
产量（kg）
Tomato yields in each plot. (J--no treatment, K--only stalks)
CKTR
Harvesting time forwards 15 days
flavor and appearance was Improved (辽宁省凌源市查哈村杜宏伟，
黄瓜，08年3月5日)
TR CK
Summary：in Soil: raised by >3 at 20cm depth；
CO2 conc: raised by 4-5 times；Diseases: decreased；Pesticide: applied lessFertilizer: Chemical fertilizer and manure
applied less, soil fertility improved;Yield: Enhancement > 30%
Liaoning, Beijing, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Ningxia and Qinghai
Extension:
2. As additives of seedling-nursing mediaBacillus spp.: 107cfu/g media；P. lilacinus & G. roseum: 105cfu/g
suppress diseases，promote growth
CK B. subtilis
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
A1-6
A1-8
A2-7
B1-7
B2-6 CK1
C3
D2
D4
E3
Y2
Y4
Z3
CK2
系列1
G
TR.
Dry weight of cucumber root system when media was amended with BCAs at different dosage
≈50%
3.As additive of organic manure
生防菌剂与有机肥复配对黄瓜株高的影响
125
130
135
140
145
150
B006
+有机
肥
BH-1
+有机
肥
Yes+
有机
肥
67-1
+有机
肥 ck
处理
株高 系列1
B006 BH1 YES 67-1 CK
by10%
Height (cm)
Hgt of cucumber at 45th day after transplanting into soil amended with BCA-manure in furrow at 200kg/mu
TR
Fungal and bactl BCAs at 2.5X105 and 1X107
cfu/g of manure commercialized in Qingdao
生防菌剂和有机肥复配对黄瓜茎粗的影响
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
B006
+有机
肥
BH-1
+有机
肥
Yes+
有机
肥
67-1
+有机
肥 ck
处理
茎粗 系列1
B006 BH1 YES 67-1 CK TR
Stem diam of cucumber at 45th day after transplanting when soil was amended with BCA-manure
by 13%
Diam (cm)
生防菌剂+有机肥复配对黄瓜产量的影响
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
1 2 3 4 5
处理
产量
(kg)
系列1
Cucumber yields when soil was amended with BCA-manure
B006 BH1 YES 67-1 CK
by 19%
TR.
Yield (kg)
IV. Quantity of microbes in soil
1).F.o.cucumerinum2).R. solani AG43).Phytophthora capsici4).Meloidogyne incognita5).Gliocladium roseum 67-16).Bacillus subtilis 006
Understanding population dynamic of both pathogens and BCAs
Detection limit: 2ng/g，copy number in average: 63.1/g of soil.
Detection of Foc mycelia addedinto natural soil with Real-time PCR
y = 0.8594x + 1.5707
R2 = 0.9878
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 1 2 3 4
LG(Con)
LG(Copy)
Focdilution(ng/g)
Copy numbers
Ct(mean±S. D)
CV%
Control(-) 0 N/A N/A2E-01 N/A N/A N/A2E+00 6.31E+01 35.70±0.51 1.442E+01 4.39E+02 32.45±0.64 1.982E+02 5.32E+03 28.52±0.06 0.222E+03 2.01E+04 26.48±0.30 1.13
y = 0.973x + 5.1337
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Lg(Con)
Lg(Copy)
Correlation between hyphal conc. of G. roseum 67-1and copy No. of genes detected with RT-PCR
（r=0.97，Sy/x=0.082, P=0.05)
V、Proposed IPP
Prod
Idea
Tech
TraditionalsOthers This Res.
RE-HEALTH
CLEAN SOIL-Solarization
-biofumigation-chemical fumigation
Degrading stalk by BCAs
BCA-NursingBCA-Manure
Rotation
Disease MonitorQuarantine Crop Manag.
R varietyGrafting
An innovative approach to deal with the issues of deterioration of soil microflora, decline of soil fertility, serious occurrence of soilborn diseases, and also low soil temperature and low CO2 concentration for vegetable greenhouse production in North China
VI. Questions & ProspectsFumigants
Safety test for registrationFermentation & Formulation Tech
Optimization to reduce costMechanism：
Stalk degradation by BCAsChange of soil fertility Interaction of Pathogen and BCAs
Greenhouse vegetable Soilborn diseases will be well managed along with more social demands and our continuous efforts.
