shifting power in islamic society
DESCRIPTION
Shifting power in Islamic Society. Muhammad had no male heir to succeed; likewise he named no successor However, Muhammad’s closest friend Abu-Bakr filled the void He was known as the first Caliph or successor. Crisis!!!. The first four caliphs all knew Muhammad while he was alive - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SHIFTING POWER IN ISLAMIC SOCIETY
CRISIS!!! Muhammad had no male heir to
succeed; likewise he named no successor
However, Muhammad’s closest friend Abu-Bakr filled the void
He was known as the first Caliph or successor
CALIPHS AND EXPANSION The first four caliphs all knew
Muhammad while he was alive
They were known as the “rightly guided”
Abu-Bakr sought to expand Islam through Jihad
JIHAD This means striving for Allah
Interpreted in two ways
Struggle against evil
Struggle against unbelievers
FIGHT FOR POWER After the first 3 caliphs Muhammad’s
cousin and son in law came to power
His name was Ali and was chosen to be the next caliph
However…. He was assassinated
NEW LEADERS New powerful family came into
leadership
The Umayyad's They split the Muslim community in two
Why? Moved capital from Mecca to
Damascus Lived in wealth and luxury
TWO GROUPS Majority of Muslims who followed the
Umayyad in the interest of peace are called Sunni
The Muslims that believed that Caliph must be related the Muhammad are called Shi’a which are called “the party”
OVERTHROWN AND EXPANSION The Umayyad caliphate was overthrown
and the Abbasids took over
At the same time, in Spain, a Muslim state was built called Al-Andalus
The Berbers, Muslims from North Africa conquered Spain but were stopped at Zaragoza
REASONS FOR EXPANSE Warfare and Trade
Persecuted people sought equality through Islam
Movement of Capitals Mecca= Muhammad Damascus = Abu-Bakr Baghdad = Abbasids
CONTRIBUTIONS Baghdad
Became the capital Importance: Nearly 1 million people
lived there
UNIVERSITIES Places where scholars translates
scientific and philosophical text Importance:
Expanded Greek, Indian, and Persian Ideas
ARABIC NUMERALS Math was the basis of all
knowledge
Importance: Used same system developed by
Indus Civilization Used experiments to actually measure
their hypothesizes
ALGEBRA “the art of bringing together unknowns to
match a known”
Try It: 42+ A= 25
Used Indian math
Possibly lead to the creation of inventions such as the telescope and microscope
MEDICINE Used Greek, Syrian, Arabic and
Indian sources
Creations Doctor’s manuals Treatments for small pox and measles Conducted surgeries Wrote reports
Symptoms, previous conditions, and previous doctors
PRESERVATIONS Texts
Translation then used experimentation to expand ideas
Architecture Arches that blended other styles. “Arches have no limits”
Art Used geometric shapes and written
language Blends the logic/philosophical with religion
DIRECTIONS Pick a picture
Write down what you see
Write down what you think it means
Do pages 11-14