shinyanga water supply survey - irc...area 5, north-west shinyanga and east kahama districts area 6,...
TRANSCRIPT
8 2 4
TZ.SH 74
:3LIC OF TANZANIA
STRY OP
WATER DEVELOPMENT AND POWER
K N G D O V l C.">'; • 'HE f\;cyr>-i^RL
M I N I S T R Y '• JF-
F-QF^EIGN AF^AJREJ
SHINYANGA WATER
SUPPLY SURVEY
WATER MASTER - PL AN STUDY FOR SHINYANGA REGION
TECHNICAL ANNEX L.
SOCIOLOGY
F'-INAL REPORT
GC^DBER ig^-i
NEDEC;o
13 H V
DHV Raadgevend Ingenieursbureau BV
Postbus 85 / 3800 AB AmersfoPostadres voor: |Laan 1914 nr 35, Amersfoort jTelefoon(033)689111 |Olmenlaan 2, Leusden-C iTelefoon (033) 940064Telex 79348Telegramadres dehave
International Reference Centrefor Community Water Supplyand SanitationP.O. Box 55002280 HM RIJSWIJK
t.a.v. : C. Dietvorst
betreft : Shinyanga Water Supply Survey
datum : 21 September 1983
dossiernr.: 3.2 140.53.05
uwref. : 31.408/IS/Die
onze ref. :
bijlage(n) : Technical annex D van final report van bovengenoemd project
Dezebijlage(n)wordt(worden)u toegezonden door: Cobi van 01st
0 overeenkomstig uw verzoekD overeenkomstig onze toezegging• ter kennisneming• met vriendelijke dank voor de inzage• met verzoek ons uw oordeel kenbaar te willen makenD met verzoek om terugzending, na inzageD
8 2 4
TZ.SH 74\ 3LIC OF TANZANIA
\ STRY OF
\lATER DEVELOPMENT AND POWER
H
KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
MINISTRY OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
ii- pJ»bAN STUDY ! SHINYANGA REGION
TECHNICAL ANNEX D
SOCIOLOGY
FINAL REPORT
OCTOBER
NEDECO - THE HAGUE
COORDINATION OHV CONSULTING ENGINEERS I1.!.] t S A M E R S ^ O C H T H E N
ILACO INTERNATIONAL L A N D DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANTS P.O.313 ARNHEiM "'•*("••.
DHV
DHV Raadgevend Ingenieursbureau BV
Postbus 85 / 3800 AB AmersfoPostadres voor: ILaan 1914 nr 35, AmersfoortTelefoon (033) 689111Olmenlaan 2, Leusden-CTelefoon (033) 940064Telex 79348Telegramadres dehave
International Reference Centrefor Community Water Supplyand SanitationP.O. Box 55002280 HM RIJSWIJK
t.a.v. : C. Dietvorst
betreft : Shinyanga Water Supply Survey
datum : 21 September 1983
dossiernr: 3.2140.53.05
uwref. : 3 1.408/IS/Die
onze ref. :
bljlage(n) : Technical annex D van final report van bovengenoemd project
Deze bijlage(n) wordt (worden) u toegezonden door: Cobi van 01st
Q overeenkomstig uw verzoek• overeenkomstig onze toezeggingD terkennisneming• met vriendelijke dank voor de inzage• met verzoek ons uw oordeel kenbaar te willen maken• met verzoek om terugzending, na inzageD
I!
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
MINISTRY OF MINISTRY OF
WATER DEVELOPMENT AND POWER FOREIGN AFFAIRS
SHINYANGA WATER
SUPPLY SURVEY
WATER MASTER - PL AN STUDY FOR SHINYANGA REGION
TECHNICAL ANNEX D
SOCIOLOGYI LIBRARY, I N T ^ N A J ' - ^ A L RiIFE,7E,\!CEjCZMTr:- .- f,< -V1.''.-:-.. ,, Y VVATEiv SUPPLYj A N D o , , . . . ; . - )
i p - ° - t v "' y:- AD Tr.e Hagua.' Tel. (0/0i u. .- :, axt. 141/142
FINAL REPORT
OCTOBER 19-7-4
NEDECO - THE HAGUE
COORDINATION DHV CONSULTING ENGINEERS P.O. B5 AMERSFOORT THE NETHERLANDS
ILACO INTERNATIONAL LAND DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANTS P.O.33 ARNHEM THE NETHERLANDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
I
II
II. 1II.2II.3II.4
III
III.lIII.2III.3III. 4III.5
IV
IV. 1IV. 2IV.2.1
IV.2.2IV.2.3IV.2.4
IV.2.5
IV.2.6IV.2. 7IV. 3IV. 4IV.4.1IV.4.2IV.4.3IV. 5IV. 6
V
V.IV.2V.3V.3.1
INTRODUCTION
SUMMARY
DemographyWater consumption |Priority ranking of projectsReqional development and the planningof water supplies
APPROACH OF THE STUDY
Available data and general approachField--S'feu<d.yEvaluation of dataPersonnel and equipmentReferences
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION
General descriptionSocio-economic areasArea 1, central Shinyanga, west Maswa andsouth-west Bariadi DistrictsArea 2, south-east Kahama DistrictArea 3, north Bariadi DistrictArea 4, south-east Shinyanga and eastMaswa DistrictsArea 5, north-west Shinyanga and eastKahama DistrictsArea 6, north Kahama DistrictArea 7, south-west Kahama DistrictDemographySocial structure of the ReqionAdministrative and political organizationEthnic differentiationSettlement patternsInfrastructure and facilitiesPlanning and socio-economic change
WATER PROVISION IN THE REGION
Traditional sourcesModern sourcesWater consumptionIntroduction
• 7
9
9
no1111
15
15
171920
23
2324
3036
3941
45
454646
V.3.2
V.3.3
Domestic water consumption of the ruralhousehold groupConsumption in integrated rural watersupplies
V.3.4V.3.5V.4V.5V.6
Chapter VI
VI. 1VI. 2
VI. 2.1VI.2.2VI. 3
Chapter VII
VII. 1VII.2
VII.3VII.4VII. 5
VII.5.1VII.5.2
VII.5.3
VII.6VII.6.1VII.6.2VII.6.3
Urban water suppliesDesign criteriaWater perceptionWater qualityWater supply and social organizations
WATER DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY RANKING
IntroductionPreliminary water development priorityranking for individual villagesThe scoring systemResultsPreliminary water development priorityranking for wards
WATER SUPPLY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
IntroductionConsiderations for a regional developmentplanDemographical projectionsSocio-economic developmentMigration and its influence on thepopulation distributionGeneralAssumed population distribution for thewater master-planImplications of the earlier development ofagronomic zone 6Planning in the new areasPlanning procedureSettlement patternsWater supply to development areas
596162
65
6566
78
85
85
86899396
104
LIST OF APPENDICES
1 Questionnaire for ward headquarters 1152 General questionnaire for all villages 1173 Questionnaire for Ujamaa villages 1194 Village questionnaire 1215 Water consumption questionnaire 12 9
(to be used for the interview of household)6 Water consumption questionnaire 135
(to be used for interviews at the source)7 Results of village questionnaire 1418 Ward codes 16 79 Number and population of concentrated settlements 1972 17110 Census Shinyanga town 17311 Population 1967 according to type of settlement and 175
economic activity12 Preliminary water development priority ranking 17713 Preliminary priority ranking for wards 18714 Water meter readings of Usia scheme 189
:\ :::::: :^::: :\::..• • -^ IF V r •
SERENGEfliNATIONAL PARKV
? I C T \ \ : \ : : : : \c-~1 >BAR I A D I ; DJ ST
^ ^ S } si / ~*«^cu '
; SANG* _ ( ."'•' MWALUQESHA /, J,'
°!c */
X\ \s SITUATION OF SHINYANGA REGION IN TANZANIASCALE 1:20.000,000
SHINYANGA REGION0 20km
contours,elevation in metres
^ approximate contours, elevation in feet
gazetted areas
SEE MAP 3.14.04.01-04 FOR COMPLETE LEGEND
- 3*00'
Chapter I INTRODUCTION
In August 1971, following an administrative arrangementconcluded between the Governments of Tanzania and the Nether-lands, the Directorate of International Technical Assistance ofthe Netherlands charged the Netherlands Engineering Consultants"Nedeco" with the execution of a water supply survey in theShinyanga Region.The Tanzanian Government has appointed the Ministry of WaterDevelopment and Power as executive authority for the implementa-tion of the project.
The water supply survey started on 15 August, 1971 and theactual fieldwork was terminated in September 1973.Progress Reports on the activities carried out were prepared inNovember 1971, August 1972 and October 1973. In addition, anInterim Report was submitted in December 1972, containing afirst review of available and collected data, their interpreta-tion, and the preliminary approach to a regional water master-plan.Discussions concerning the contents of the Interim Report withthe authorities concerned, their reactions and recommendations(which Nedeco has found very useful) and of course the furthercollection and elaboration of data and information, have led tothe regional water master-plan as presented in this finalreport.
The final report consists of two volumes:Volume I : Main report and drawingsVolume II : Technical Annex A - Hydrology
Technical Annex B - Hydrological dataTechnical Annex C - HydrogeologyTechnical Annex D - SociologyTechnical Annex E - AgricultureTechnical Annex F - Water qualityTechnical Annex G - Civil engineeringTechnical Annex H - Economy and general aspects
The Terms of Reference stipulate that the tasks of the surveyshould include the collection and examination of all existingdemographic, agronomic, livestock and socio-economic featuresof the Region. Where necessary the existing records and datashould be expanded so that a comprehensive evaluation can bemade of the water resources.
The objectives of this survey and the studies involved were toprovide the Government of Tanzania with firm recommendations(master-plan) for the immediate and longterm development of thesurface and groundwater resources of the Shinyanga Region withparticular reference to the supply of water to the rural areasfor human and livestock use.The Tanzanian Government has decided that the implementation ofwater supply projects in rural areas should be finished by 1991
8
which year has been taken as the termination of the master-planperiod. For Shinyanga Region this means that by that time about2 million people have to be provided with an improved watersupply. At present improved supply schemes are estimated toserve only some 60,000 people in the Region.
The role of the sociological studies was especially todetermine the necessary demographic data and projections overthe plan period, to study water consumption and generalattitudes towards water and to propose a basis for a priorityranking of projects to be implemented.
Chapter II SUMMARY
II.1. Demography
The population Census of 1967 (ref. 21) has been used as abasis. Additional information has been gathered by:
interviews held at Ward headquarters covering all villagesin the Region;more detailed interviews in 416 villages, approximately 25per cent of the regional total.
The definition "concentrated settlements" in this reportapplies to villages with a partly or mainly concentratedsettlement pattern and a probable population of 400 people ormore in 1972. "Scattered settlements" are all other villages.The survey has covered all concentrated settlements existing in1972 in detailed interviews.
In 1967, 3 per cent of the Region's population of 899,500 livedin towns, 20 per cent in concentrated settlements and 77 percent scattered.People dependent for their livelihood on the agriculturalsector constituted an estimated 95.6 per cent of the totalpopulation. This group is referred to as "farmers".
Agriculture will remain predominant in the regional economy.Only a slight decrease in the proportional size of this groupis anticipated during the implementation of the master-plan upto 1991. Annual growth of the category "farmers" is estimatedat 2.7 per cent versus an overall population growth of 3.0 percent for the Region. On this basis, "farmers" would constitute89 per cent of the total population of 1.83 million by 1991.
It is assumed that concentrated settlements existing in 1972grow by 3 - 5 per cent per year, depending on the populationsize.For the District capitals (Bariadi, Nyalikungu and Kahama) therate is taken to be 5 per cent, and for Shinyanga-town 8 - 9per cent. In view of the decreasing importance of the MwaduiDiamond mine its population is assumed to remain constant overthe plan period.
An active programme to stimulate migration and villagization(see section II.4) may be assumed to come into effect by 1976.The new concentrated settlements to be built under thisprogramme would then help to reduce the proportion of thescattered population to 55 - 60 per cent of the total in 1991.Less than 5 per cent would then live in towns in 1991, 21 percent in concentrated settlements existing in 1972, and 19 percent in new concentrated settlements established between 1976 -1991.
10
As little is known about population and cattle movements intoor out of the Region, and data similar to that elaborated on bythe survey could not readily be found in the adjacent areas,Nedeco was necessarily forced to consider Shinyanga Region as asingle entity.
II.2. Water consumption
Most people in the Region prefer to use a water source within500 - 800 m of their house. It is clearly felt as a hardship ifthe source is further than 15 minutes walking-distance.Economic activity (farmer or non-farmer), household size anddistance proved to be the factors influencing the waterconsumption at public taps. Education, the type of supply, andstorage facilities proved to have an insignificant influence.Although water is drawn throughout the day two peak periodshave been noticed in the demand of the rural household group,one in the early morning from 7 - 9 a.m., the other one late inthe afternoon (5 - 6 p.m.).
In many villages it appears that there is no well-based opinionon the quality of the water consumed. Treatment by the consumeris seldom practised.Water drawn from a public tap in a piped supply scheme isgenerally regarded as completely safe.
It is recommended that the design of water supplies be based ona net human water consumption of 20 1/caput for drawers atpublic taps (referred to as domestic points) and on a graduallyincreasing consumption for consumers served by private houseconnections, from 100 I/day.caput at present to 150 1 in 1991.The design of water supplies to trading centres should includean additional demand equivalent to 20 per cent of the domesticconsumption of the centre's population.Unless specific data are available the water consumption ofhealth centres or dispensaries with a clinic may be taken at2 m3/day, schools at 5 I/day per student with a minimum of1.5 m3/day, bars and hotels and (other) unmetered privateconnections at 1 m3/day. Separate evaluations are necessary forhospitals or small industries, for which reference is made toTechnical Annex E (which also deals with the water provision tocattle) and Technical Annex G.
It is recommended to promote understanding of the importance ofadequate water supply, especially as far as quality isconcerned, among the rural population. The population'sinvolvement in the construction of improved sources, and inparticular in their maintenance, should be stimulated. In thelong run this might lead to institutionalization at villagelevel of social structures which could share responsibility forthe village water supply with the authorities concerned.
11
11.3. Priority ranking of projects
The duration of the master-plan, the large number of suppliesto be constructed, and the limited available resources in terrasof manpower, technical facilities, funds etc. make it indispen-sable to develop a system by which the implementation sequenceof various possible schemes can be weighed. In this report asystem is proposed to judge the preliminary water developmentpriority of projects on the basis of a set of objective factorsrelating to "water need" and "development potential", thelatter comprising infrastructural and demographic significanceand agricultural development potential. The final priorityranking, which is derived from the preliminary rankingmentioned above by comparison with economic, financial,technical and organizational criteria, is set out in TechnicalAnnex H.
The information gathered on 416 villages interviewed in detailhas been used to draw up a preliminary water development priorityranking for individual projects. Bariadi District has thelargest proportion of high scoring villages; Kahama Districthas the smallest, due to a low water requirement at present andrather favourable opportunities to exploit shallow groundwater.One should, however, be very careful in extrapolating theresults of this ranking over areas as the villages were notchosen at random. An extrapolation should only be used forcomparing two individual schemes.
A simplified system has been made to weigh the priority ofwhole areas the 95 Wards of the Region being used as units. Inthis case, Kahama has the largest proportion of high scoringWards followed by Maswa, Shinyanga and Bariadi Districts beingapproximately equal.This system is recommended if the priority of the waterprovision to whole areas is in question.
11.4. Regional development and the planning of water
supplies
Optimum yield from the investment to be made in water supplywill only be achieved if the water master-plan is considerednot on its own, but as an integral part of a regional develop-ment plan in which the provision of water, together with othernecessary facilities and utilities, is used to stimulate socio-economic development.In the absence of a regional development plan Nedeco hasoutlined the possibilities as far as these are relevant towater master-planning, the drawing up to a complete plan beingclearly beyond the scope of the survey.
National policy is aimed at self-reliance in labour and givespriority to agricultural development. In addition, almost theentire population of the Region depends on agriculture and this
12
situation is expected to change only slightly in the master-plan period. In this framework the major aim of a regionaldevelopment plan is the optimalization of the average incomederived from this sector by the rural household or a co-operative group of households. Technical Annex E deals withthis aspect. It is concluded that migration of part of therural population from areas already (too) densely populated tonew development areas should be stimulated.Annex E discusses several alternatives. In the present reportthe implications of the population distribution over themaster-plan period are considered for the two alternativeswhich appear most attractive. The conditions to be fulfilled tooptimalize the agricultural sector would have to include bothfurther modernization of agricultural methods and reduction ofthe livestock herds in order to free land for more profitablecrop production and to prevent to erosion resulting from(heavy) overgrazing which is already noticeable in severalparts of the Region.
The introduction of new methods, optimal use of extensionservices, communical grazing land etc. will be much easier if asettlement pattern with concentrated villages is realized. Theprovision to these settlements of water and other facilitiesrequired will be much facilitated by a concentrated settlementpattern. It is therefore assumed that the opening up of newdevelopment areas will be based on a settlement structurecharacterized by centres of various importance, ranging fromagricultural villages to local centres, areal centres anddistrict or divisional centres with corresponding levels ofdemographic and infrastructural significance.
The alternative migration models considered in this report bothassume that from 1976-1991 a total of 228,000 farmers willactually resettle in new concentrated villages in developmentareas. Inclusive of natural growth and a category of non-farmers these villages will be inhabited by 330,000 people in1991.The alternative models differ in the selection of areas whereemigration should be stimulated. A special problem in thisrespect is formed by the southern parts of the divisions ofNegezi, Kishapu and Meatu (agronomic zone 6, see Annex Efig. V.I for indication of zones), where livestock keeping isrecommended with food crop cultivation for own consumptiononly, whereas in other zones livestock keeping is onlyrecommended as a marginal activity. This calls for a decreaseof the population of zone 6 in relation to other areas.Therefore in the first alternative dealt with it is assumedthat priority will be given to restructuring of agriculture inand stimulation of emigration from the densely populateddivision outside zone 6, which itself is tackled in a laterphase after the end of the master-plan period (1991). In thesecond alternative, zone 6 is dealt with in the preliminaryphase of the implementation of a regional development plan,from 1976 onwards.
13
Emigrants are supposed to come from the category of thescattered living population, from areas ranked in order ofdeclining population density. On the basis of these assumptionsthe population distribution is calculated over the plan periodat target years with intervals of 5 years differentiatedaccording to type of settlement as required for the planning ofwater supplies (see Technical Annex G).
The calculations, performed on the basis of enumeration areasof the 1967 Census, have been totalized and presented on adivisional basis in line with the accuracy of the data used andthe various underlying assumptions.
The resultant picture of the population distribution, which isfurther used in Technical Annex G to plan the water suppliesrequired, consists of:
Towns, locations known and population estimated over theplan period (87,000 in 1991).Concentrated settlements existing in 1972, a total of 199,of which the locations are known and the population hasbeen estimated over the plan period (375,000 in 1991).
- New concentrated settlements built in development areas.The location are not known in detail, only the generalwater characteristics of the area can be evaluated.By 1991 a total of 34 areal centres, 79 local centres and323 agricultural villages are assumed to accommodate330,000 people.
- Scattered population. This category has been differen-tiated on a divisional basis over the plan periodaccording to those living in:(i) low density areas where for reasons of economy the
application of a maximum distance of 1.5 km to asource cannot be maintained as design criterion;
(ii) medium density areas where the design criteria can beapplied without modification;
(iii)high density areas where the plannning of watersupplies must take into account that emigration fromthese areas should be stimulated either in themaster-plan period itself or shortly thereafter, sayup to the year 2000.
It should be stressed that the above results do not pretend tobe derived from detailing a regional development plan butrather serve the purpose of providing a reasonable basis forwater master-planning. Similarly the outlines of a regionaldevelopment plan given in this report should not be used forthe direct implementation.Other fields of regional development - which have received lessattention here because of their irrelevance for the watermaster plan - will need to be investigated to arrive at abalanced plan and detail surveys will be required to selectsuitable development areas.
14
The stimulation of development in certain areas within thecontext of a regional development plan implies that in thewater master-plan priority should be given to the constructionof water supplies for the new concentrated settlements to beestablished in these areas, prior to actual settlement takingplace. The same holds of course for other facilities requiredsuch as medical centres, schools etc.
15
Chapter III APPROACH OF THE STUDY
III.l Available data and general approach
A clear idea of the setting in which the fieldwork was to takeplace became available through two BRALUP publications "Agro-Economic Zones of Sukumaland" and "Preliminary Report of theSukumaland Interdisciplinary Research Project" (ref. 19 and20) .The available maps showed only the largest settlements. TheRegional and District Offices provided most of the recordeddata on medical, educational, agricultural, and livestockfacilities as well as information on Ujamaa villages andexisting water supplies. Nevertheless it turned out to benecessary to obtain almost all demographic material, informa-tion on settlement patterns, infrastructure, communications,and existing water situation during the fieldwork itself. Aregional coverage had to be achieved by interviewing astratified sample.The 1967 Population Census provided data on enumeration areasand their population, age composition, economic activity,household sizes etc.Accurate topographical maps with detailed information had tobe drawn up by the survey from available 1 : 50,000 mapscovering only part of the Region, supplemented by aerialphotomosaics and photos, older geological maps, and extensivefield surveys.
The exhaustive study by White, Bradley and White on rural watersupplies in East Africa provided information on design criteria(ref. 23). Water consumption, according to this source, is 10-20 I/day per head for people living near a standpipe and 4-20I/day per head for areas without a piped supply system.The authors recommend as design principles a daily requirementof 20-30 I/head, and a maximum distance to the source of notmore than one mile. A standpipe should not serve more than 200people and a ringwell not more than 500 people.
In 1972 Shinyanga Region comprised three districts (Kahama,Shinyanga and Maswa) which number later increased to four,Maswa District being split up to form in addition BariadiDistrict.Each District is made up of a varying number of divisions whichin turn consist of Wards totalling 95 for the Region as awhole.The district and regional capitals have separate status.Based on the results of a first orientation it was decided touse the Ward as the main unit of the Sociological Survey.Interviews at Ward and village level have been executed to gaininformation on the following aspects:
demographical situationsocio-economic resources
- water supply situation
16
human water consumption and factors affecting consumptionwater quality and perception
III.2 Field-study
The actual fieldwork started in February 1972 and continueduntil May 1973.The field-study consisted of the following four parts:1. the gathering of data on a large variety of topics
including demography, socio-economic structure, agricul-ture, livestock, water-availability and topography,executed on an extensive scale;
2. two studies more limited in time, space and variety, whichdealt with water consumption, the factors which influencethe consumption, and the various ways in which water isperceived by the villagers;
3. the mapping of the village interviewed to obtain theabove information (1);
4. census of Shinyanga town.Most of the information was gathered by means of a series ofquestionnaires and observations (see appendices 1 to 6).
In the first part of the study a three-stage approach wasfollowed. After the District Authorities had told the Wardswhat the purpose of the survey was, an interviewer visited eachWard Executive Officer or Ward Branch Chairman and, as a rule,the Diwani, asking for permission to investigate a number ofvillages. The Ward Authorities were then asked to list thenumber and names of the villages in the area in question (seeapp.l). With the aid of separate questionnaires (app. 2 and 3)data was collected on the most important facilities of eachvillage, as well as some basic information on the situationregarding water. In addition, the Ward Officials wererequested to mention the villages in which the greatest water-need existed as well as the villages where demographic growthwas most noticeable. Villages fitting into these categories andshowing a potential for social and economic development, aswell as a selected number of Ujamaa localities, were chosen forinterviewing.
In a second stage these villages were visited by the inter-viewer together with the Ward Representative, and a villagespokesman, usually a hundred-cell-leader.The questions that proved to be cumbersome to answer, forinstance those referring to population numbers, migration anduse of agricultural inputs, were read out and the intervieweewas asked to prepare the answers. In a third stage the finalinterview was held and in the majority of villages a watersample was taken from the most important source. These sampleswere analysed in Nedeco's laboratory in Shinyanga. The lengthyprocedure followed certainly had serious drawbacks in terms oftransportation required and man hours spent. On the other hand,the positive effect from an introduction by and to local
17
leadership, the general absence of much basic information andthe need to cover a large number of villages in a relativelyshort time rendered this approach unavoidable.In total 416 villages were interviewed out of an estimatedtotal of some 1200.
The first water consumption study could be executed in a moredirect way because the interviews were held in villagespreviously covered. Fourteen villages were selected accordingto the following criteria:
different types of relevant water supplies, viz. taps,ringwells, water-holes and springs as well as one charcosupply;the presence or absence of a trading centre.
By means of 675 interviews information was gathered during aperiod of three weeks in August 1972 on average amounts ofwater used per head, lengths of journeys to fetch it, andvarious ways in which water as a commodity was perceived aswell as some of the variables that persumably led to variationsamong these.In the second water consumption study one of the largest watersupply schemes serving two major trading centres and a numberof smaller villages and several facilities (schools, healthcentre etc.) was investigated over the period from January toMay 1973. Water meters installed at 10 points in the scheme,local censuses, observations at the source and interviews of amore limited size provided further data on water consumptionand people's attitude towards water.
For the third part of the fieldwork, the mapping of each of thevillages, all localities in the study were revisited in aperiod of about one month by one of the sociologists whoregistered them on a map, and where necessary checked some ofthe information previously obtained.
The fourth part of the fieldwork, the Shinyanga Town Census was.executed during a period of three days from 13-15th June 1972.
III.3 Evaluation of data
Population distribution and growth were determined andestimated from demographic data, available from the 1967 censusand gathered by the survey. Population density maps of eachDistrict were drawn up (maps 3.14.04-06-01 to 03).For estimates of population growth the existing population isdistinguished in relation to the size of settlements, thisfactor being of importance for the determination of the futurewater demand. Moreover, the parts of the Region's populationengaged in agricultural and non-agricultural activities areapproximated.
18
The preliminary analysis of the interviews taken at Wardheadquarters ("General questionnaire", app. 2 and "Ujamaaquestionnaire", app. 3) and at village level ("Villagequestionnaire", app. 4) was made in Shinyanga. Detailedprocessing was done in the Netherlands by computer.Results of the "General" and "Ujamaa" questionnaires have beenpresented cartographically, see the Ward Infrastructural Mapsno. 3.14.04-^06-04 to 06. Coded results of all 416 villagesinterviewed in detail are given in app. 7. A number of crossrelations have been investigated. If they yielded significantinformation in either positive or negative sense these resultsare mentioned in this report or in Technical Annex E, Agricul-ture in which all data relevant to crop production andlivestock keeping are presented.
A priority system has been formulated to determine a prelimi-nary ranking order for water supply projects based on factorspertaining to both existing water need and developmentpotential of the location or area concerned. By comparison witheconomic, financial, technical and organizational aspects thiswill be used to decide on the final water development priorityranking (see Technical Annex H).The data of the village questionnaire was used to draw up thepreliminary ranking order for individual supplies, being the416 villages interviewed. It should however be kept in mindthat this is only a sample. The results should not be regardedas representative for the entire Region.A simplified system is proposed for the ranking of whole areasfor which Wards have been chosen. In this case the generalquestionnaires yielded information to compose a representativepicture.
The data gathered in the water consumption surveys has beenused to propose design criteria for the planning of watersupplies, relating the human water consumption in a scheme tothe means of distribution of the water (public taps or privatehouse connections) and the type of settlement.
Finally, water supply is considered against the perspective ofregional development, which had not been formulated at the timeof the survey either as a plan or as more or less clear guidingprinciples; this was preferred to a mere extrapolation of theexisting situation from the results of the above sociologicalstudies.
The drawing up of a regional development plan is of coursebeyond the scope of this study. It seems however reasonable toassume that, in keeping with the national policy of selfreliance in labour and the priority towards agriculturaldevelopment, and in view of the fact that almost the entirepopulation of the Region is engaged in agriculture and animalhusbandry, such a regional plan would be aimed at the
19
optimalization- of the average income derived from thesesectors, either per family or per group of families co-operating for instance in an Ujamaa village. Therefore Nedecohas studied the possible development of agriculture and animalhusbandry over the period of the master-plan in outline (seeTechnical Annex E, "Agriculture"). The conditions which willhave to be fulfilled to achieve such development and theconsequences which this may have on the master-plan areconsidered.
The studies result in a picture of the ideal populationdistribution over the Region to be realized to reach the aim ofthe development plan.
A comparison with the present population pattern indicated theareas already densely populated with little developmentpotential, which in future should hold a smaller proportion ofthe Region's rural population.It shows also the more promising parts of the Region, atpresent less densely populated and with good developmentpossibilities, to which migration of part of the ruralpopulation will become necessary. Due to the limited scope ofthe studies the smallest areas considered are divisions.The stimulation of development in certain areas within thecontext of a regional development plan implies for the watermaster-plan that priority should be given to the constructionof water supplies in these areas. In the system described aboveto determine the preliminary water development priorityranking, more emphasis should then be put on the factordevelopment potential, taking both the available and theplanned facilities as indicators.The population of the Region, its size and distribution (asderived on the assumption that the above changes occur),further differentiated according to type of settlement, isestimated at several target years over the course of the planperiod (up to 1991). These estimates are used as the basis forthe water master-plan in Technical Annex G, "Civil engineering".Only if the provision of water is an integrated part of adevelopment plan can it contribute to and stimulate overalldevelopment leading to an optimum use of the investments madein water supply out of the various resources for implementation.
As little is known about population and cattle movements intoor out of the Region and data similar to that elaborated on bythe survey could not readily be found in the adjacent areas,Nedeco was necessarily forced to consider Shinyanga Region asa universe.
III.4 Personnel and equipment
Since no counterpart personnel could be made available toNedeco's sociological staff, it was necessary to recruit andselect interviewers on the spot.
20
After a two weeks1 period of theoretical instruction andanother of training in the field, five interviewers remainedattached to the survey for the duration of the fieldwork. Threeof them were Form 4 leavers; the fourth, with five years'experience as interviewer and teacher of interviewing techni-ques, had a Standard VIII educational background. All spokeKiswahili and the local languages Kisukuma and Kinyamwezi, inwhich the interviews were conducted.Mention must be made of the 20 pupils of Buluba SecondarySchool who in three afternoons and evenings participated in theNedeco census of Shinyanga Town and the adjoining urban areasin Kizumbi Ward in a door-to-door survey.
For the fieldwork three Landrovers were used throughout thesurvey. When camping was inpracticable the team was very kindlygiven accomodation by local government officials and Ujama'avillages.Detailed processing of the data of the sociological survey wasdone in the Netherlands, using a IBM computer.
III.5 References
1. The working of Tanzania's Regional Development Fund: Itsimplications for policy-making, planning and localadministration for development. Paul Collins. Institute ofDevelopment Studies at the University of Sussex, U.K.Comparative Administration in East Africa Conference,Arusha, Tanzania, 25-28 September 1971.
2. Tanzania Second Five-Year 1 July 1969-1974.
3. Attempts at measuring cattle water consumption at MkataMorogoro. Em. K. Kwelukilwa and Symon K.P. Bandio. October1971. Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning,University of Dar es Salaam.
4. The economics of rural water supply in Tanzania. DennisWarner, Economic Research Bureau University of Dar esSalaam. E.R.B. Paper 70.19.
5. North East Nzega Planning Project, Final report. Bureauof Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning. Universityof Dar es Salaam. Research Report 6/10 November 1970.
6. The extension of the Kisitwi Rubeho Pipeline: a planningstudy. S. Kajula, S. Buberwa, P.N. Mdemu, C.F. Claeson andL. Berry. December 1970.Research report no. 15 (with asking-list)
7. A preliminary assessment of the impact of rural watersupply upon households and villages. Dennis Warner.Ec. Research Bureau, University College Dar es Salaam.E.R.B. paper 70.12. April 1970.
21
8. Annual and forward plans 1971-1972, 1972-1973. ShinyangaRegion. By James W. Tomecke. Regional Economic Secretary,Shinyanga Region.
9. Anthropological Quarterly, vol. 35. Problems of social andeconomic in Sukumaland.Tanganyika, Gottfried 0. Martha B. Lang, April 1962.
10. Norman Nees Miller: Village-leadership and modernizationin Tanzania; rural politics among the Nyamwezi people.1967. Yerox Cie, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
11. Water development Tanzania. A critical review ofresearch.Research paper no. 12. Bureau of Resource Assessment andLand Use Planning. University of Dar es Salaam.
12. Variation in income among farming areas in Sukumaland andrelated policy implications. Dr. Arne Larsen. Inter-disciplinary rural research project. University CollegeDar es Salaam. East African Agriculture Economics SocietyConference, April 1970.
13. Choice of sampling population in rural Sukumaland: ''Cooperative membership lists versus ten-cell units.Dr. Arne Larsen. Interdisciplinary Rural Research Project,University College, Dar es Salaam. East African Agricul-tural Economics Society Conference, April 1970.
14. Evaluation of a method of field survey: Survey by randomsample and line-transect methods in North Pare, Tanzania.I.D. Thomas, Department of Geography, University College,Dar es Salaam, East African Agricultural Economic SocietyConference, Dar es Salaam 1970.
15. Dennis Warner: Formulating guidelines for rural waterinvestment: the case of Tanzania.In: East African Journal of Rural Development. Vol. 3, no.1. 1970.
16. Socialism and rural development. Jul. K. Nyerere.
17. A preliminary assessment of the impact of rural watersupply upon households and villages. Dennis Warner,Economic Research Bureau, University College Dar esSalaam. East African Agricultural Economics SocietyConference. Dar es Salaam, 1970.
18. Movement to towns in Tanzania tables and comments.Research notes no. 11. April 1971. Bureau of ResourceAssessment and Land Use Planning. University of Dar esSalaam.Claes-Fredrik Claeson and Bertil Egero.
22
19. Preliminary report of the Sukumaland interdisciplinaryresearch project. June 1971. Bureau of Resource Assessmentand Land Use Planning. Research report no. 40.Ton Hankins, Mr. Arne Larsen, J.R. Finucane and R.H.Hills.
20. Agro-economic zones of Sukumaland. Research report no. 16.Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning.University of Dar es Salaam, November 1970.
21. Population census 1967.
22. Impact studies of rural water supply, J.D. Heynen andD. Conyers, Bralup 1971.
23. Drawers of water, domestic water use in East Africa, G.F.White, D.J. Bradley and A.W. White University of Chicagopress, 1972.
24. Impact and economics of community water supply.Agr. Dev. studies report No. 6, 1973.I.D. Carruthers.
23
Chapter IV DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION
IV.1 General description
The Shinyanga Region is situated in north-west Tanzania,between 2 and 5 southern latitude and 31 - 35 easternlongitude. It resembles a giant butterfly on its way to LakeVictoria. With a wingspan of some 450 kilometres and a lengthof 60 - 200 kilometres it covers roughly five millionhectares.The western and southern boundaries mainly follow rivers andlakes. The eastern boundary runs through the Serengeti NationalPark. In the north the distance between the regional boundaryand the shore line of Lake Victoria varies from 20 - 100 kilo-metres .The Region is divided into four Districts, Kahama, Shinyanga,Maswa and Bariadi with district capitals of the same names.Actually, the present Bariadi District formed part of MaswaDistrict until 1973. The Serengeti National Park, comprisinggame and forest reserves, covers about 35 per cent of theRegion's total area of some 50,100 km2 (see table IV.1, Tech-nical Annex E for detailed figures).The total population of Shinyanga Region in 1972 was estimatedat about 1 million people.
Taking into account the characteristics of rainfall andtemperature, the Region has a semi-arid tropical climate. Thedistinction between seasons is based only on differences inrainfall, other climatological parameters being fairly constantthroughout the year. The wet season is usually from November tothe beginning of May. Average yearly rainfall is about 700 mm.
The monthly average of the maximum daily temperature is fairlyconstant throughout the year. Its value ranges from 29 C(March-June) to 32 C (October). The minimum daily temperaturevaries from 15 C in June-July to 19 C in the last threemonths of the year.
The elevations in the Region are between 1500 metres above sealevel near the border of the Serengeti Park in eastern MaswaDistrict and 1100 metres where the Sibiti, Isanga and Moyowasirivers leave the Region.
With reference to the infrastructure of the area it can be saidthat the Region lacks bitumenized roads, with the exception ofa few in Shinyanga town and in the Mwadui mines, although anumber of all-weather roads exist connecting the main centreswith Mwanza, Tabora and Dar es Salaam. Projects to bitumenizethe Mwanza-Shinyanga road and/or to incorporate part ofit in a new road from Mwanza to Arusha are still beingconsidered. The realization of the latter project willcertainly stimulate the development of the Region.The Region is served by the Mwanza-Tabora railway, which has
24
nine stations in the four Districts. Airstrips are located nearthe district capitals of Kahama, Maswa and Shinyanga and thereis one larger airfield serving the Mwadui mines. Apart fromdiamond mining at Mwadui and cotton ginning the Region'seconomic activities consist of agriculture, with cotton as thepredominant cash-crop, trading and the administrative services.The latter are mainly concentrated in the regional and districtcapitals; medical and educational facilities are dispersed overthe Region and as a result of their frequent mission origin areoften as isolated as the homes of most of the population.There are three government and one voluntary agency hospitalsin the Region with a total of some 470 beds, about 0.5 beds per1,000 inhabitants, one of the lowest ratios in the country.When the nine rural health centres supervising a total of 106dispensaries are taken into account, the ratio appears morefavourable. However, lack of personnel with the necessaryeducational attainment, poor hygienic conditions and inadequatewater provisions make an ungrading of the services providedurgently necessary.Shinyanga Region has the lowest school enrolment ration in thecountry. According to the 1967 Population Census about 31 percent of the children in the standard I age-group then attendedschool here as compared to the national average of 45 per cent.One is inclined to attribute this state of affairs to therelative isolation from missionary and central governmentactivities of much of Sukumaland until the end of the secondworld war. On the other hand is has been and still is noticeablethat the Sukuma are not very anxious to get formal educationfor their children, whose labour is needed on the family farms.There are 175 government primary schools in the Region of which115 are lower, 39 extended primary and 21 upper primary. Inaddition there are three secondary schools, one of which isprivate, while a Teacher Training College is to be opened atOld Shinyanga in the near future. The Mwadui mines operate aprivate agricultural training school.
IV.2. Socio-economic areas
Although there are no strongly contrasting variations withinthe Region and boundaries between areas are not clearlydefined, it is possible to distinguish areas that differ fromeach other in social and economic content. As is generally thecase with environments where the subsistence sector is ofimportance, these differences are to a large extent stilldetermined by natural factors such as topography, climate,availability of productive land, and so on. It is likely thatthese variations will even out, shift locations or become moreaccentuated as a result of the Region's increased materialdevelopment, which tends to overcome natural limitations.
The picture presented in the following sub-sections (ref. 20)therefore merely claims to represent temporarily the actualstate of affairs. For more detailed descriptions on hydrology,
25
geology or the state of agriculture and animal husbandry,reference is made to the relevant sections of the TechnicalAnnexes A, C and E.
IV.2.1. Area 1, central Shinyanga, west Maswa and south-
west Bariadi Districts
The area runs like a broad strip of land diagonally from thesouth-west to the north-east of Shinyanga, continuing thenorthwards through Maswa and Bariadi Districts up to the Dutwaward in Ntuzu division. It roughly coincides with the Itwangi,Samuye and Mjini divisions, the western part of the Negezi andKishapu divisions and the eastern part of the Mondo divisionand further includes Nunghu, Sengerema, Itilima and the south-western part of the Ntuzu divisions (see fig. IV.1).
It is a flat to undulating zone broken up by granite outcrops,and river valleys. Most of what must have been woodland hasbeen stripped while erosion has caused considerable damage inplaces.The population is mainly Sukuma who account for the earliestsettlements in the Region in west central Maswa/Bariadi, in thecentral part of Shinyanga District, in the Samuye, Itwangi andMjini divisions.
The majority of the Shinyanga Region population is concentratedin this area. Apart from local exceptions most of the productiveland has already been put into use or lies fallow for periodsthat can last to twenty years. The area has experienced thegreatest material change in comparison to other parts of theRegion.
The economy is based on agriculture, trading, mining,industry, the services and animal husbandry. Numerous tradingposts traditionally run by Arabs and Somali dot the countryside,selling general merchandise and frequently forming the nucleiof larger settlements. The presence of the Williamson Diamondsmine at Mwadui, of which the employees and their families numbersome 7,000 people, has been and still is of considerable directand indirect influence on the economy.Three cotton ginneries seasonally employ a further thousandpeople.
The largest towns of the Region lie within the area includingthe administrative centres of Shinyanga town and Nyalikungu(Maswa-town). The former Sukuma Federation capital of Malya,though just outside Shinyanga Region, actually belongs to thisarea.The predominance of livestock is both a blessing, in the sense
Fig. IV.1 Socio-economic areas (divisional names in capital letters)
Lake Eyasi
LakeKitangiri
27
that it represents wealth and security, and an increasingnuisance in that land suffers from heavy overgrazing.In addition the railroad and several all-weather roads whichrun through the greater portion of the area are undoubtedlyboth cause and consequence of the relatively greater developmentvis a vis the rest of the Region.
IV.2.2. Area 2, south-east Kahama District
The area comprises the Kahama and Dakama divisions, the easternpart of the Mweli and the southern part of the Msalaladivisions.Topographically it shows a strong resemblance to the previousarea, with less granite outcropping, more low bush and someforest. The population is mainly of Nyamwezi origin with animportant Sukuma component; the density is lower than in thefirst area. The main sources of livelihood are agriculturecarried out with less use of agricultural inputs, and animalhusbandry with a lower overall stock density than in the firstarea, although large herds occur.
On account of its more recent, often Sukuma settlement, muchbushland has still not been taken into production, while thefarm soil is not as depleted as in the previously describedzone.Apart from the district capital Kahama-town, no large settle-ments are to be found in the area. Material development has notreached the levels previously depicted; the area seems to beopen for increased development.
IV.2.3. Area 3, north Bariadi District
The area includes the northern part of the Ntuzu and the north-eastern part of the Kanadi divisions, bordered by the SerengetiNational Park in the eastern Bariadi District.
This is a flat open plain with wide shallow river valleys withhigher rainfall in the most western part and less than the re-gional average in the eastern part, and with very little erosion.On account of its proximity to the Serengeti plains with theirtsetse and wild animal hazards, the area has only recentlyattracted meaningful numbers of settlers, so that new land isstill available and farms tend to be of larger size than in theprevious two zones.The population density is low, inhabitants are of Sukumaextraction with a number of Luo in the north-east.
28
Livelihood depends entirely on agriculture and on livestock,with herds decreasing in size towards the east.Land is not depleted nor heavily grazed; whatever settlementsare to be found are small in population size, homesteads tendto be very dispersed. Although little investment has been madein the area in regard to communications and services, its lowpopulation density and suitable soils offer possibilities forfurther development.
IV.2.4. Area 4, south-east Shinyanga and east Maswa
Districts
The area roughly overlaps the Mwagala and Meatu divisions inMaswa District as well as the south-eastern part of the Kanadidivision in Bariadi District and the southern parts of theNegezi and Kishapu divisions in Shinyanga District. Itsphysical make-up is more heterogeneous than those of the zonespreviously described. The eastern part of the area borderingSerengeti has a hilly, bushcovered profile with fairly welldefined streams. In the west this gives way to slightyundulating countryside broken up by granite outcrops and wide,shallow river valleys.In the south towards the Eyasi and Kitangiri lakes the largeopen mbuga-plain is predominant, extensively used for grazingpurposes but with few permanent habitations. Average rainfalldecreases in the southern part where rainless spells of somemonths occur more frequently even in the wet season.
The western parts have a population density resembling that ofarea 1 (see sub-section IV.2.1.); people from Sukuma stock arepredominant. The population pressure is much lower in theeastern part towards the Maswa game reserve where tsetse andwild animals discourage settlement.The population in the south is restricted to Luo and Chaggafishermen on the lakes and Sukuma, Taturu and Masai herds onthe mbugas.Cotton and cattle dominate the economy of the west, where as aresult of heavy grazing and scarcity of fertile land largetracts have been reduced to waste. Together with the southwhere very little farming is undertaken, these parts have thehighest cattle to man ratio of the Region with herds probablyaveraging over a hundred head.
The eastern part has a very low population and cattle density.Small subsistance plots and tsetse resistant small livestockare the main sources of livelihood.Apart from the west where cotton has brought relative wealth,the area is poor in infrastructure of any kind.
29
IV.2.5. Area 5, north-west Shinyanga and east Kahama
Districts
The fifth identifiable area consists of the western part of theMondo and Nindo divisions and the north-western part of theMsalala division across the Isanga river in Kahama District.As was the case in area 3, this area is best described as aflat, open, grassy plain occasionally interrupted by bushland,stone outcrops in the north and swamps bordering the Isangariver.
The majority of the inhabitants in the area are Sukuma, most ofwhom live in the main settlements connected to each other by anall-weather road running from Old Shinyanga into Geita District(Mwanza Region). The area outside this strip is very sparselypopulated. However, its north seems to attract increasingnumbers of settlers from the Geita and Shinyanga Districts.
The economy is based on agriculture and animal husbandry,neither of which is hampered by land shortage or erosion.Cotton is the important cash crop and the number of livestockper head of population is high.In view of its low population density the area seems to have apotential for further development.The grassy plain of the Nindo and Msalala divisions, however,has not as yet attracted any permanent habitation, on accountof its heavy, poorly drained soils, which render cultivationdifficult, and its type of vegetation, which discourages cattlegrazing.
IV.2.6. Area 6, north Kahama District
The north-western Msalala and the northern Siloka divisionsform a sixth entity. It is undulating forest and low bushlandin which relatively small and widely scattered parts have beencleared for habitation. The population is mainly of Sumbwastock whose numbers decrease towards the west, where Nyamwezibecome predominant. Sukuma settlers are moving in from GeitaDistrict.
The economy is based on a subsistence type of slash and burncultivation, on honey collection and small livestock. Agri-culture is entirely conducted without the aid of moderninnovations.Modern infrastructure hardly exists, there are very few roads.
30
IV.2.7. Area 7, south-western Kahama District
The remaining part of the Siloka division in the KahamaDistrict forms the last area. It consists almost entirely ofthe Nikonga River Forest and the Kigosi Game Reserves, a flatforest, covered with an almost zero human population due to thepresence of tsetse and dangerous fauna.
The very few Sumbwa settlements are small in size and widelyscattered.
The economy consists of a subsistence type of agriculture,hunting and honey collection. Apart from some small stock,animal husbandry is negligible.
IV.3. Demography
Most countries in Africa have high rates of population growth.Recently published figures covering the period 1960 - 1969 showthat 23 out of 54 countries surpass the rate of 2.5% per annum.Only a few countries in Africa, with a total population ofapproximately 15,000,000, have a growth rate of less than 2.0%per annum.This strong population growth complicates the attempts of theAfrican governments to achieve improvement in the livingconditions of the population (education, health). Suchcomplications are to a large extent caused by the limitedopportunities for domestic saving, which are a direct result ofthe low income levels prevailing in large segments of thepopulation.The IBRD (World Bank) estimates that the population growth inTanzania has averaged 2.5% per annum over the last decade.For the Shinyanga Region, Nedeco assumes an annual growth of 3percent over the entire master-plan period.Based on the figures of the 1967 Census the total population ofthe Region may be estimated to be over 1 million (1,043,000) in1972.This has put the Shinyanga Region, with an average populationdensity of 20 per square kilometre (against a country-wideaverage of l4/km2), among the four most heavily populated ofthe 18 Regions in Tanzania in 1967.However, figures vary sharply within the Districts, withShinyanga featuring among the most densely populated areas ofTanzania and Kahama among the least. At sub-district level evengreater variations are found. The socio-economic area 7 in theextreme western part of the Region and the eastern part of area3 both have a zero density.The socio-economic areas 6,5, with the exception of Salawe Wardin the south, and the eastern and most southern parts of area 4are sparsely populated.The western part of areas 3 and 4 have a moderate density. Mostpeople in the Region are concentrated in a broad strip in area 1
31
Most sources agree that the Bantu speaking people of whom theSukuma-Nyamwezi form part entered the area south of Lake Vic-toria from Bukoba on the west of the lake, settled themselvesin Mwanza and more recently in Kwimba and Geita Districts. Theearliest Sukuma settlements in the Shinyanga Region are to befound in west Bariadi (Itilima division) and in the central andsouth-west parts of the Shinyanga District, socio-economic areal-
Shortage of land is now causing population movements intonorth-eastern and south-eastern Kahama (Msalala, Mweli andKahama Divisions), into north-eastern Bariadi and the southMaswa Districts (Kanadi, Ntuzu and Meatu divisions) and inparticular across the Manonga river, the southern border ofShinyanga District into the Nzega District of the Tabora Region(fig. IV.2).
The design criteria proposed for rural water supplies inTechnical Annex G recommend the construction during the masterplan of piped supply systems with public taps in existingconcentrated settlements with a population of more than 400people in 1972.Therefore a significant part of the demographic analysis inthis report deals with a differentiation in type of settlement.The demographic data and calculations in this report are basedon the following sources:
The population Census of 1967, of which the results havebeen used to compose the population density maps 3.14.04-06-01 to 03.Nedeco's sociological surveys, which provided thenecessary information on types and sizes of settlement in1972.The Nedeco census of Shinyanga town of June 1972.
On the district maps 3.14.04-01-01 to 03 all settlementsinterviewed by the sociological team have been geographicallylocated. They have been categorized as either "concentrated" or"scattered settlements", which terms will be further usedthroughout this report, defined as follows:
concentrated settlements are villages which show a partlyor mainly concentrated pattern and had a probablepopulation of 400 or more people at the time of the surveyin 1972;scattered settlements are all other villages;
All "concentrated settlements" in the Region have beeninterviewed and indicated on the maps. The coverage of"scattered settlements" is about 25%. Appendix 9 gives thenumber of concentrated settlements per division broken down intwo sizes: 400-800 and more than 800.Table IV.1 gives a. summaryof these data with further differentation of sizes.
The sixth column of this table lists the towns of which thepopulation of Kahama and Nyalikungu (Maswa) was not actuallydetermined, but estimated from the 1967 figure (See appendix 11)by applying a yearly growth rate of approximately 5%. Two towns
Fig. IV.2 Migration patterns
INyahkungu(Maswa) MWAGALA
LakeKitangiri
33
in the Bariadi and Maswa Districts, Bariadi and Malampaka, werecovered by the survey.
Table IV.1 Summary of the number, size and population of concentrated settlements in 1972
District
Kahama
Bariadi
Maswa
Shinyanga
Region
400-1
number
27
16
24
71
138
concentrated settlements in
,000
popul.
16,50011,700
15,50045,900
89,600
1,000-2,000
number
2
15
13
17
47
popul.
2,20020,800
17,400*21,400
61,800
rural areas
2,000-4,000
number
4
4
4
12
popul.
4,000
number
_ -
14,300 210,600
11,700
36,600 2
popul.
_
11,200—
-
11,200
towns
number
1
1
1
2
5
popul.
4,1001,3006,000
19,500
30,900
total
popula-tion
22,80059,30049,500
98,500
230,100
* inclusive Malampaka township
The results of the Nedeco census of June 1972 were used for thedemograpic data of Shinyanga town (See appendix 10).Finally Mwadui was estimated on the basis of the 1967 figure(7,383) at some 8,000 in 197 2 and it has been assumed that thisnumber will remain constant during the master-plan period.The total number of concentrated settlements with more than 400people is 204, the category 400-1,000 and 1,000-2,000 beingparticularly meaningful; 95% of the concentrated settlementsbelongs to the category of 400-2,000 inhabitants.The table shows that 3% of the population lives in towns,whereas only 20% of the total population is located inconcentrated settlements.
The data on concentrated settlements gathered by the Nedecoteam in 1972 have been used to determine the populationdistribution for 1967, according to type and size of settle-ment, by the following procedure:
the total population of an area is known from thepopulation Census of 1967;the population of district capitals (Bariadi included) andMwadui is also based on the data of the 1967 Census;
- the differences between the above figures for each areaconstitute the rural population in 1967, divided intopopulation of concentrated settlements in rural areas andscattered population;
- the population of concentrated settlements in rural areasin 1967 is assumed to be in proportion to the populationof those settlements in 1972 by a factor 1 : (1.03) . Forfurther use of these figures the town of Malampaka isincluded in this group. The growth rate of 3% per annumover the period 1967-1972 has been applied to allvillages, as this figure equals the assumed overall growthof the Region's population, and is considered in line withthe growth rate for settlements of 400-2,000 people (seesection VII.3.);
34
the balance of the rural population in 1967 is thescattered population (which includes partly or mainly-concentrated villages with less than 400 people in 1972,according to the definition given before).
The resulting 1967 population distribution is given perdivision in appendix 11 and summarized in table IV.2.
Table IV.2 Summary of the 1967 population distribution according to type of settlement
District
KahamaBariadiMaswaShinyanga
Region
Totalpopulation(source:Census 1967)
147,628206,304224,612320,924
899,468
populationdistrict capitalsand Mwadui(source:Census 1967)
3,2111,0954,726
12,518
21,550
totalruralpopulation(rounded)
144,400205,200219,900308,400
877,900
populationconcentratedsettlementsrural areas(rounded)
16,20050,10037,50068,100
171,900
scatteredpopulation
(rounded)
128,200155,100182,400240,300
706,000
note: in actual fact Bariadi District was only formed in 1973, having previously belonged to Maswa District
The Population Census of 1967 allows a further analysis accor-ding to the type of economic activity. A summary of the datafor Shinyanga Region is given in table IV.3.
Table IV.3 Summary of results of 1967 Population Census on employment of population in Shinyanga Region
economicgroup
I employed
II unemployed
total stated (I+II)
non-stated
total population
sector
total stated
professional, administra-tive, executive, manager-ial and clerical workers
agriculture, livestocketc.
mining and industries
shopkeepers/salesmen
others
total stated
children 0 - 9 years
adults over 60 years
others
number of people
473,634
4,323
452,885
6,927
3,047
6,452
411,058
321,222
24,476
65,360
884,692
14,776
899,468
peoplein per
sectortotal
-
0.9
95.6
1.5
0.6
1 .4
-
78.1
6.0
15.9
sngaged:ent of
totalpopula-tion(stated)
53.5
0.5
51.2
0.8
0.3
0.7
46.5
36.3
2.8
7.4
according to the definition used in the Census "employed" refers to anyone who is gainfully occupied (see vol IV, ref. 21)
35
It appears that 95.6% of the economically active population wasengaged in agriculture and livestock-keeping in 1967.In view of the composition of the non-active segment of thepopulation, it has been assumed that a simular proportion ofthis group depends for their living on people engaged in theagricultural and animal husbandry sector. The Region'spopulation in 1967 can consequently be divided into two groups:
"farmers", all people engaged in agricultureand livestock keeping, and their dependents 859,891"non-farmers", all others 39,577
total population 899,468
The development of the agricultural sector foreseen during themaster-plan period (see Technical Annex E) would involvemigration of the farming population from areas where a shortageof land would occur. In order to assess the implications ofsuch a policy for the water master-plan, some assumptions havebeen made to determine the 1967 distribution of farmers andnon-farmers according to type of settlement:
the population of the district capitals, including Bariadiwhich actually became so in 1973, and of the Mwadui minesconsists entirely of non-farmers;
- the population of scattered settlements, a group whichaccording to the definition in the previous sub-sectionincludes partly or mainly concentrated villages with apopulation of less than 400 people in 1972, is formedentirely by farmers;farmers and non-farmers constitute together the populationof concentrated settlements. The ratio which can bedetermined for the Region as a whole is assumed to applyto the separate divisions as well.
On the basis of the above assumptions, the 1967 rural popula-tion has been broken down per division in appendix 11. A summaryof the rounded results is given in table IV. 4.
Table IV.4 Summary of 1967 distribution of rural population according to economic activityand type of settlement
District
KahamaBariadiMaswaShinyanga
Region
total ruralpopulation
144,400205,200219,900308,400
877,900
population ofconcentrated settlementsin rural areas
total non-farmers farmers
16,20050,10037,50068,100
171,900
1,7005,3003,9007,100
18,000
14,50044,80033,60061,000
153,900
populationof scatteredsettlements(farmers)
128,200155,100182,400240,300
706,000
totalfarmers
142,700199,900216,000301,300
859,900
36
Whereas the above-mentioned demographic data is based on the ;situation in 1967 and 1972, it will be important for the futurewater-supply to dispose of a detailed prognosis for the Region.The evolution of the population distribution according tosettlement pattern and economic activity will be discussed inthe chapter VII.
IV.4. Social structure of the Region
IV.4.1. Administrative and political organization
In this country of 945,000 square kilometres with poorcommunications, scarcity of trained manpower and geographic andcultural diversity, but bent on a rapid increase in ruralstandards of living, the core of development is the RegionalAdministration which is closely linked with the only politicalparty, the Tanganyika National African Union (TANU).In 1972 a new Regional Administration in which greater powerswere vested than in the previous administrative set-up, wasestablished as the consequence of a national policy todecentralize its decision-making machinery.The Regional Commissioner (RC) continues to combine the highestpolitical function with a secretaryship of the Regional Branchof TANU. Enjoying the status of a cabinet-minister, he isresponsible to the President, has an ex-officio seat in Par-liament and a vote in the National Executive Committee of TANUin Dar es Salaam.A Regional Development Director (RDD) is nominated as head ofthe Administration. He is assisted by three Staff Officers, (aRegional Planning Officer, a Regional Finance Officer and aRegional Personnel Officer).All heads of government departments are now responsible to theRDD whereas previously they addressed themselves to Dar esSalaam.
At the regional level there is also the Regional DevelopmentCommittee, chaired by the RC with the RDD as secretary, alegislative council dealing with matters of development natureand composed of Area Commissioners, Heads of Departments,members of Parliament and senior TANU personnel. This committeedecides on the projects to be accepted for implementation andthe budgets to be allocated. On the party side there is theregional TANU Branch.
A similar structure exists at district level.The Area Commissioner (AC), the highest political official, isDistrict TANU Secretary. A District Development Director (DDD)is in charge of administrative affairs, assisted by theDistrict Planning, the District Personnel and the DistrictFinance Officers.
37
Moreover the AC is chairman of the District DevelopmentCommittee, which is composed of Divisional Secretaries, Headsof Departments, TANU Branch Chairmen, and Ward Representatives(Diwanis), and of which the DDD is secretary.
Three levels operate under the District. On the Divisionallevel a Divisional Secretary combines the highest administrativeposition and the Divisional TANU Branch Secretaryship in anarea that coincides with one or more former chiefdoms. On theparty side there is the Divisional TANU Branch.
The Ward has replaced the former Sub-Division or part of it,and is administratively headed by the Ward Executive Officerwho again is secretary of the Ward Development Committee, whichis chaired by the Ward Branch Chairman and composed of thevillages1 hundred-cell-leaders. Additionally, in each Wardthere is the post of Diwani who is delegated to the DistrictDevelopment Committee as ward representative.The lowest level is composed of the villages headed by one ormore TANU hundred-cell-leaders, each representing ten-cell-leaders, who in turn represent ten households. Hundred-cell andten-cell leaders form a Village Development Committee, wherevillage matters are discussed and requests for assistance areformulated, passed on to the previously described committeesfor comment, and finally approved or turned down by theRegional Development Committee. The structure is summarized inthe following scheme:
- Regional development (R.C., R.D.D., A.C.'s)committee Head of Departmens,
M.P.'s TANU officials)
- District development (A.C., D.D.D., Divisionalcommittee Secretaries, Heads of
Departments, TANU BranchChairman, Diwanis)
- Ward development (Ward Executive Officer,committee TANU Branch Chairman,
Hundred-cell Leaders,Diwani)
- Village development (Hundred-cell Leaders,committee Ten-cell Leaders)
IV.4.2. Ethnic differentiation
The Region is inhabited by members of at least 70 tribes butwith a heavy emphasis on the culturally closely related Sukumaand Nyamwezi and the Sumbwa in the western part of the area.The Sukuma account for 90% of the total Maswa and Bariadipopulation as well as for 80% of the inhabitants of Shinyanga
38
District. At least one half of the Kahama population is ofNyamwezi and one fourth of Sumbwa origin.Material development is most advanced among the Sukuma andleast among the Sumbwa.People of Iramba extraction are settled in the areas borderingLake Kitangiri, and the largely pastoral Taturu of Nilo Hamiticstock share the south eastern part of Maswa near Lake Eyasiwith Sukuma/ Iramba and some Luo fishermen.A number of Asians are to be found in the towns.Arabs and Somali have settled in rural trading centres asshopkeepers and general merchants.
IV.4.3. Settlement patterns
Most of the rural population live in dispersed homesteads, theremainder having gathered in towns, trading centres and concen-trated settlements of which the largest are found in south-eastern Shinyanga District. Each of the homesteads is as a ruleseparated from its neighbours by a few hundred metres to akilometre of land enabling the farmer, who has little to fearfrom outside menace, to live in his home close to his fields.These homesteads (of Kayas) consist of up to half a dozen huts,grouped together and often surrounded by a sisal or thornbushfence within which livestock is herded for the night.This arrangement reflects the traditional polygamous familystructure in which a man lives with his various wives, each ofwhom inhabits a separate hut with her children, and in whichother close relatives may be occasionally included.The material from which these huts are made depends on what isavailable.The majority of them are rectangular and made of mudbrick,covered by a grassroof laid out on a frame of wooden poles.Arab influence is supposedly associated with the predominanceof flat roofed (tembe type) houses in certain parts of theRegion. Roofs are covered by corrugated iron sheets, wheneverthe owner can afford them. In the forested areas of Kahama,Bariadi and Maswa, wooden huts are general; they are made outof branches filled up with tussocks of grass and often coveredwith turf.
Up to a hundred of these homesteads loosely grouped togetherform a Kibanda, (pi. Vibanda), a social unit characterized bythe observance of traditional relationships. These Vibanda,where family ties are frequently strong and where certain taskspertaining to agriculture and house building are carried out onthe basis of mutual help, have served as models for the Ujamaavillages favoured and encouraged by the government.The prevailing settlement pattern in the Region is therefore awidely scattered one; houses dot the countryside like theBaobab trees.
39
Villages in the sense of concentrated settlements are stillexceptional. This survey has found that only a small number ofthe administrative units that carry the name village (orGunguli) and consist of several Vibanda have a mainly con-centrated pattern. The remainder were either partly con-centrated with some of the population living in one or twonuclei, often around a number of shops, and the rest dispersedover a larger area (some 25%), or showed a totally scatteredpattern of settlement (65%).
By far the majority of Ujamaa villages, or rather Ujamaa sites,coincide with or are part of longer established villages or ofVibanda and consequently do not vary in lay-out from the onesdescribed above.The more recently built Ujamaa sites have followed a concentratedpattern. Their population is small, often less than 100 people.
No accurate information was obtainable concerning surface areasof villages. It has been observed, however, that these varyconsiderably. A village survey conducted in 1948 by N.V. Rounce(ref. 22) and including a number of villages that lie withinthe present Shinyanga Region mentions surface areas from 0.4 to41.9 square miles. It is obvious that the provision offacilities such as adequate water supplies to these largelyscattered populations will involve a proportionally largeinvestment per head, bearing in mind that people generallyfetch water from the nearest source, either traditional ormodern.
IV.5 Infrastructure and facilities
For communication purposes within the Region neither theMwanza-Tabora railway, the small airstrips near Shinyanga,Kahama and Nyalikungu, nor the private airfield of the Mwaduimines are of any importance. Inter-regional transport andtraffic take place predominantly by road. More or lessregularly scheduled bus services are available in most parts ofShinyanga Region, but their operation in the wet season ishampered by road conditions.The only main roads, a definition which is understood to applyto roads which are passable throughout the year, have a minimumwidth of some 5 metres and a surfacing of (layers of) granularmaterial, are those connecting Shinyanga town with the otherDistrict capitals and with the adjacent Tabora and MwanzaRegions. As maintenance is apparently restricted to infrequentgrading, and refilling and redistributing the granular materialis only done incidentally, the surface has deterioratedrapidly. Bituminized roads are not found outsite Shinyanga townand the compound of the Mwadui mines.A further distinction can be made between all-weather roads,dry weather roads and tracks. The last term is used when thealignment is apparently not the result of a technical study,
40
design or construction job but has rather developed by motorvehicles using existing paths, cattle tracks etc. The differencebetween all-weather and dry—weather roads is not so much thegeneral appearance of either as the fact that dry weather roadscontain sections where the road simply passes through flatundrained areas with a heavy clay (mbuga) soil which remainwater-logged for some days after a fairly heavy shower.Construction of both types of roads consists of clearing,grading and the excavation of drains alongside. It seems that(sub)soil improvement, stabilization and surfacing usuallyreceive insufficient attention. Local terrain conditions, boththe topography and the type of soil, determine the finalaccessability of the road in most cases.The classification of roads as indicated on the various mapswas made during approximately 20 months of intensive fieldsurveys a period which included two wet seasons.The infrastructure is most developed in socio-economic area 1(see sub-section IV.2.1). On a district basis this holds forShinyanga District.
The sociological survey executed at Ward-level (see app. 1) hasyielded information on the presence of some basic facilitiessuch as hospitals, health centres, dispensaries (with orwithout clinics), governmental or private primary schools,secondary schools, trading centres, private and public watersupplies, and further on the number of Ujamaa settlements, thetotal number of all administrative village of the Ward, and theexistence of mission posts. This data is presented on the WardInfrastructural Maps (3.14.04-06-04 to 06).An approximation of the Ward population according to the 1967Census (ref. 21) has been made to enable evaluation of theactual state of development of a certain area by relating theavailable facilities to the population served. Lack of anyaccurate information on the geographical Ward boundariesnecessitated the following approach, which has probablyintroduced a fair margin of error.Former sub-divisional boundaries indicated on the enumerationarea maps of the 1967 Population Census (ref. 21) were adoptedas starting data for the Ward boundaries. The locations whichhad been determined in the course of the survey for allvillages interviewed were used to check the assumed boundaries,as it was known to which Ward each village belonged admini-stratively. Where alterations appeared necessary new boundarieswere chosen to coincide with the border lines of the mostobvious enumeration areas.Furthermore the 1967 Ward population figures were compiled fromthe Census data per enumeration area. The resulting figures,presented on the maps 3.14.04-06-04 to 06, were rounded to thenearest 1,000 for an estimated total population of less than6,000 people, and to the nearest multiple of 2,000 for highernumbers. The Ward boundaries themselves have only been given ina stylized version which suits the administrative arrangementsbut does not pretend to geographical reality.
41
In only one instance do the Ward boundaries establishedaccording to the above procedure appear to be in conflict withanother and better defined boundary. Along its eastern part theboundary between the Itilima and Ntuzu divisions of BariadiDistrict locally does not agree with the administrativeboundaries of the Wards Nkoma, Mwamapalala and Bunamhala (seemap 3.14.04-06-06).
For a review of the agricultural services available throughoutthe Region reference is made to Technical Annex E, Agriculture.Maps 3.14.04-07-03 to 05 show the locations of primarysocieties, cotton ginneries, cattle dips, veterinary centres,etc. found to be present in 1972-73.
IV.6. Planning and socio-economic change
The recent history of the Shinyanga Region is one marked by theoccurrence of rapid change, particularily in the materialspheres of life.It is a matter of speculation which institutions have laggedbehind the developments that have been stimulated in theeconomic and administrative sectors. But it is certain thatsome of the changes induced by the administrations in therecent history of Sukumaland have had different impacts onvarious aspects of the Sukuma society, explaining some of theinconsistencies that have hampered the implementation ofpolicies.
Living in widely scattered human colonies that had littlecommunication with each other, the Sukuma had a subsistenceeconomy based on extensive agriculture and livestock keeping.Land was relatively abundant and once exhausted was merely leftbare while the owner either cleared some more virgin land inhis vicinity or moved away.
Seen from a Tanganyikan perspective, the Sukuma with theirmixed economy, their land availability and diverse soils werebetter off than the purely pastoral Masai to the east, or thesedentary Gogo from the Central Plateau of the country, butless endowed with natural resources than the agricultural Hayaaround Bukoba or the Chagga near the Kilimanjaro.Cotton was introduced into this economy by the Germans andgreatly encouraged by the British between the two wars.With the Arabs setting up in trading centres, the arrival ofthe Asian civil servants and merchants and the discovery ofdiamonds, the transformation into a cash economy has reached astage where money is at present used in almost every household.
Development received its greatest impetus in the yearsfollowing the second world war, when Tanganyika became a UnitedNations Trust Territory with prospects of independence.Sukumaland, a relatively neglected part of the country, was
42
selected as a prime experimental area for the implementation ofthe Government's new programme.
In order to enlist the support of the people for policiesrelated to the rehabilitation and development of Sukumaland,the pan-tribal Sukumaland Federal Council came into being witha coherent hierarchy of local representative councils fromvillage to federation. Numerous regulations were passedrequiring farmers to plant a certain minimum of cotton and ingeneral to rationalize their agricultural and livestockbreeding methods.The Sukumaland Development Scheme launched in the fifties toincrease the productivity of the land by a redistribution ofpeople and livestock was noteworthy. But as a result of theunpopularity among the farmers/ whose own motivations had neverbeen seriously considered, of the measures taken the FederalCouncil disappeared and the Development Scheme was abandoned inthe late fifties.Meanwhile on purely African initiative a co-operative movementarose out of widely felt discontent with the existing cottonmarketing system. The result was that in 1955 in the formerprovinces around Lake Victoria the Victoria Federation of Co-operative Unions was the largest African owned and operated co-operative organization on the continent, and virtually allproducers sold their cotton through it, see ref. 23.Independence set a new train of events into motion. A rapidAfricanization of posts took place, traditional authoritieswere disposed of and a new administration again placed a heavyemphasis on development through the primary sector, this timewith less use of compulsion.The results of this effort are a mixed nature and were negativedue to factors both within and outside the responsibilities ofthe planning and policy agencies.In the spirit of the Arusha Declaration and Ujamaa policy aprogramme was launched with the aim of transforming theTanzanian society into a socialist state with the aid ofexisting traditional elements.In 1972 approximately 150 villages or parts of villages wereregistered in the Region as Ujamaa units in various stages ofadvancement.
It is unfortunately too early to pass valid judgement on theefficacy of this programme as its implications are of anoverwhelmingly complicated nature, involving drastic changes inthe cultural values of a population whose traditional forms ofcooperation were restricted to the family and were even thenlimited in scope.Therefore planning and its subsequent implementation, thoughrelatively recent, are not new phenomena in the Region.The fact that some of the goals were never fully reached, as inthe case of the agricultural measures taken, is due to theirattainment not being seen as a sufficient improvement to theexisting situation, or often being proved outright not to be sofrom the individual point of view.
43
As an example, when farmers were obliged to sell off part oftheir cattle they were left with no security in times of cropfailure, with the result that these measures created strongresentment, were rejected and finally abandoned as a policy ofthe Region.
Looking over the development of the last 50 years in retrospect,one can draw the conclusion that the economic and administrativesectors have undergone the most visible changes, since thesewere acceptable to the larger strata of the Sukuma society.Alterations in social aspects of Sukuma life (that are not of adirect conditional nature to the material or political spheres)like education, nutritional habits, family organization andsettlement pattern have been less remarkable. One is inclinedto believe, on the basis of the experiences described above,that an important precondition for the adoption of mutations inthese value systems is their existing or prearranged desirabilityin the culture of the inhabitants of the Shinyanga Region.
45
Chapter V WATER PROVISION IN THE REGION
The Region offers a large variety of water sources,ranging from the highly sophisticated warm and cold watertap in some of the urban houses to the turbid dry seasonpool where both man and livestock drink for lack ofalternative. For reasons of expediency these sources havebeen divided into two categories, traditional and modern,reflecting the distinction between waterpoints of a typedating from before the arrival of Arab and Europeaninfluences and those of a kind requiring more advancedtechniques of construction. A detailed description of theexisting water supply situation is given in Technical AnnexG, "Civil engineering".
V.I. Traditional sources
The large majority of inhabitants use water from rivers,streams, ponds, natural or hand-dug waterholes, unlinedwells, natural springs and paddy fields.Since settlement among the Sukuma is traditionallystrongly determined by the locality of farmland, in thesense that farmers as a rule place a high value on livingon or very close to their plots, the distance of habi-tations to water sources is highly variable. As aconsequence water for drinking, cooking and dishwashing isusually carried home or hauled on bicycle or donkey, whilethere is a tendency to bathe and wash clothes at thewaterpoint itself.During the wet season, the only period that the numerousstreams have a run-off, water is collected directly fromthe rivers or from pools that have formed in depressionsimmediately after rainshowers. Whether consumers will turnto whatever type of source is made available dependsmainly on distance and only in the second place on thewater quality.During the dry season when there is no flowing water,inhabitants rely increasingly on ponds, natural springs andwaterholes, often in the then dry riverbeds.Manmade wells seldom reach a depth of more than a fewmetres and are usually unlined. Waterholes are preferablydug into riverbeds where the watertable is relatively easyto reach.The general appearance that these waterpoints offer, inparticular towards the end of the dry season, is one thatinvites concern. In the case of ponds or larger waterholesone is more often than not confronted with shallow mudpools, heavily polluted by both man, livestock andinsects, while the hygienic of smaller waterholes dependto some extent on the adequacy of provisions to limitaccess to humans.
46
V.2. Modern sources
Involvement with the conditions of rural water suppliesled to the introduction of several types of modernprovisions. Some of these, like the shallow wells, areprobably just as much the result of Arab as of Europeaninfluence; rainstorage facilities (hand)pumps, charcos,artificial lakes with dams, windmill powered pipedsupplies and boreholes were introduced by the missions,the Williamson diamond mine and the colonial government,which took a greater interest in the Region during theyears following the second world war. The dams at Malyaand Nyalikungu are a few of many examples of thisinterest, maintained by the Tanzanian Authorities afterIndependence. During the time of the survey constructionof yet another dam across the Ningwa river near Old-Shinyanga was started.At present only a small number of families, benefit bythese modern supplies. In Technical Annex G, "Civilengineering", it is estimated that only 8 per cent of thetotal population of the Region has access to "safe andadequate" sources, a description applying almost exclu-sively to modern sources.Most rural water supply schemes consist solely of asource, or have a very simple distribution system wherewater is drawn from public taps and carried home in avariety of containers. In fact, the consumption pattern atboth traditional and modern sources is the same. It hasoften been observed, and research in other parts ofTanzania confirms this finding, that distance is theimportant factor in the decision from which source watershould be obtained. To this it may be added that habitplays a major role. When traditional supplies arepreferred to open reservoirs formed by dams, or lakes,quality plays an important role.Dams are ideally suited for cattle waterpoints with theresult that the water they contain is often of such poorquality that people would prefer to use an alternate source,
V.3. Water consumption
V.3.1. Introduction
The rural supplies which serve the average villager rangefrom natural sources to piped supply schemes withdistribution by private taps. In fact, according to thedefinition used in Tanzania rural supply applies to anyscheme in which no consumers are charged for the use ofwater, in the sense that the scheme does not incorporateprivate house connections equipped with integrating meters.This implies that even the supplies which serve large concen-trated villages and some of the largest integrated schemes such
47
as the Usia dam scheme (serving the villages of Tinde and Didiaand several smaller ones in the same area) belong to the groupof rural supplies in distinction to urban supplies.
Two surveys were made to study the water consumption in ruralsupplies.The first study carried out in August-September 1972 was aimedat determining the domestic use of the rural population (seesub-section V.3.2.).A second survey conducted in the beginning of 1973 was directedinvestigating the overall consumption in schemes which do notonly provide water to the rural household groups, but also toschools, health centres, etc.The results of this second survey are reported in sub-sectionV.3.3.Data on urban supplies are evaluated in sub-section V.3.4.Finally design criteria for human water consumption areproposed in sub-section V.3.5.
V.3.2. Domestic water consumption of the rural household
group
Fourteen villages were selected representing the spectrum ofwater supplies from traditional sources to schemes with pipesdistribution facilities. The water consumption at public taps(also referred to as domestic points) was studied by- interviewing households on the number of times they draw
water per day, the amounts used expressed in containerslike buckets or debes, the composition of the householdgroup, and factors influencing the water use;observations at the source to confirm the above data,study the fluctuation of the water demand over the day,and obtain information on reasons underlying the choice ofthe source.
Investigation of the selected villages was rather intensive:20 to 25 per cent of the households were interviewed.
The averages for the per capita consumption, which havebeen calculated over large totals, can be expected toreflect the norm, provided that two caveats are taken intoconsideration.Firstly - except for standard containers such as bigbuckets and debes, which represented the great majority ofcontainers used - the interviewers had to estimate thecontents of the pots, calabashes and small buckets inwhich water was drawn. As those types of containers weresmall in number and the estimation of the interviewers,when checked, appeared to be rather accurate the errorincurred in this way is considered acceptable.Secondly, the interviewers were instructed to give extra
48
attention to shopkeepers and in general to other occu-pations than fanners. Consequently in some villages thiscategory is somewhat overrepresented, leading to slightlyhigher per head consumption in those sites. This errorhowever is eliminated when only the farmers in the sampleare taken into consideration.
All questionnaires taken together, representing 657 house-holds, consisting of 4069 household members yielded anaverage consumption per head of 12.7 litres per day.Broken down over villages the average values range from 8to 17 litres (see table V.I)
Table V. 1 Average per head consumption for 14 villages
(August 1972)
Villages Totaldrawn
MbuluShagihiluIbojaNyang'hwaleBulyanyemuNhumbiMwamaduluChembeliMipaMwamagembeBugoroIgologotoMwamkangaUzogore
of liters
460633$6639942293822448672953885259432052064138521891963
Total numberof persons ofinterviewedhouseholds
264211400286270359589347235292202141240233
Average perhead consump-tion in litres/day
17161615141212111111101098
To sum up, the average per head use for the whole samplecan safely be put between 12 and 13 litres per day.
In the analysis of the factors which may influence thewater consumption different categories were contrasted.One of the most striking differences was found betweenfarmers and non-farmers, the first category averaging 12.4litres per day, the second 18.4 or about 50% more.Household size proved to be another important variable. Itmay be assumed that in large household groups a lower percapita consumption will be found, an assumption that wasconfirmed in the research. Farmers with medium to large
49
households (five people or over) had an average dailyconsumption of 11.6 litres, while farmers with families offour people or less consumed an average of 16.5 litres.This difference is not found among the category of non-farmers, but in this case the sample is too small to drawreliable conclusions.Also the distance between source and homestead showed asignificant effect on use of water. To prevent distortionof the results by the occupation variable (it might beassumed that more shopkeepers live near the source) onlythe largest group of the sample, being farmers with bigfamilies, was used in the analysis. In this group farmersliving at five minutes1 walking distance from the watersource or less had a per capita average of 14.1 litres.Those living more than five minutes away use 11.6 litres aday.Concerning the level of education there, is some influencein consumption. People with standard V or over averaged14.7 litres against the others 12.5 However this dif-ference is not very significant.A comparison of villages on infrastructural importance inrelation to water use did not result in significantdifferences. Contrasting high and low scores of thepreliminary water development priority ranking (seechapter VI), based on a combination of factors concerningwater need and infrastructural importance, did not produceclear differences.Villages possessing a public tap showed a slightly higher (10%)average water consumption than villages without.As will be shown in section V.4 quality perception issomewhat defective, to say the least, and actual waterquality consequently does not influence the consumption.Available storage facilities do not seem to influence thewater consumption either. Almost every villager storeswater in big brown earthware pots which are locally madeand inexpensive so that their number can easily beadjusted to the need.
Water is drawn throughout the day. To assess the dailyfluctuation of the demand people were asked to list thetime(s) at which they go and fetch water. The resultsobtained from the questionnaires are shown in the graph offig.V.I and were confirmed by observations at the source.It shows that a large proportion of the consumers drawwater between 7 and 9 a.m., whereas another peak period,though smaller, occurs around 5-6 p.m. The period from 10-16 hours is particularly slack.Long waiting periods were observed at many sources.Fetching water is ordinarily the task of women and girlsand the majority of the water drawers were women. Still,men came to fetch water fairly often (30%), especially ifthe distance from the source necessitated the use of avehicle. Children were occasionally sent to draw water,
50
mostly with small buckets or gourds. Adults almost withoutexception used big buckets or debes. If a vehicle was usedto fetch water, this was mostly a bicycle, on the rear-carrier of which two debes could be strapped. Only inMwamadulu, where the distance was very great, tractors oroxen carts and even cars were used, as well as one group ofdonkeys. Shopkeepers fairly regularly employ people todraw water for them or buy it at Shs 0.25 a debe. Indifficult situations, however, not only does the pricego up to Shs 1.00 (Mwamadulu) or over (it is said thatprices in Maganzo reach Shs 1.50 to Shs 2.00), but evenfarmers use their scarce cash to buy water.
350 n
300-
250-
t :1200
1150
ii100-
t .c 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
hours of the day -»
Fig. V.1 Fluctuation of water demand over the day
The majority of the consumers at water sources which wereobserved by the sociological team, came from a distance ofapproximately 500 to 800 metres. There were also someextreme cases however, as for example Mwamadulu, wherepeople walk 13 kilometres to the water source. White,Bradley and White calculated that under those circum-stances people spent 75% of the daily caloric intakesolely by drawing water (ref. 23).
51
The question whether water drawing uses up valuable timethat might have been spent in other pursuits is not easyto answer.During the interviews the question was asked whether anypeople normally drawing water did not do so during theperiod of harvesting and land preperation.An affirmative answer was received from only 17 per centof the farmers, whereas in addition one third of this pro-portion lives at a distance of less than 5 minutes walkingfrom the source.Obviously water drawing does not interfere with agri-cultural activities at present.From a study of nine Tanzanian villages Warner reportsthat agricultural work occupies the largest share of thetime of a majority of women (ref. 19). Water carrying wasranked second. When asked what they would do if they hadmore time available more than 50 per cent showed apreference to spend more time on domestic duties. The restindicated increased agricultural work. The above reportconcludes that an improved water supply would not freemuch additional labour for crop production activities inmost of Sukumaland. It is clear that improved watersupplies would result in labour savings especially in thedry season, but there is no evidence that the labour freedfrom water carrying would be put directly to productiveuse. However it can be stated that any time saved hassocial and economic benefits at the present stage ofdevelopment, since at least the energy saved will make iteasier to maintain the often precarious balance betweenhealth and disease.
The most prominent reason for using a source proved to bethe distance. From a population of 370 respondents 18 percent had no choice due to the fact that only one sourcewas available in the area. Fifty per cent of the res-pondents in the remaining group said that distance was themain factor for their choice among available supplies. Thenext consideration proved to be the quality of the water(32%). Avoidance of crowding around the source was not amain concern and the same could be said of the technicalconvenience of the source.These results prove that the consumers' choice is not com-pletely bound to the traditional group valuation. There isa sensitivity for the choices that are offered and there isalso some judging according to a simple set of individualperceptions.
In the survey female respondents were asked what uses theythought accounted for the largest amount of waterconsumed in their household during the wet and dryseason.In both periods drinking and cooking were said to be themost important items, followed by washing of utensils and
52
finally washing of clothes. Bathing of adults appearedunimportant. Bathing and the washing of clothes are oftendone at the water source itself.
Improving the water situation in the villages, is analmost universal wish. Even in the villages where thesupply is rather modern (taps) and looks amply sufficientfor the consumers - Shagihilu and Bulyanyemu - fifty percent or over of all respondents stated that the villagewater supply should be improved, as against 90 per cent inless well-endowed villages. When asked if a simple ring-well without a pump would do to that end, the response wasquite negatieve. Less than 25 per cent considered this agood solution.
V.3.3. Consumption in integrated rural water supplies
A total of 10 water meters were installed in the Usia-damscheme near Tinde and Didia in Itwanji division (ShinyangaDistrict) in January 1973 with the kind co-operation of theRegional Water Engineer. A schematical lay-out of the projectand the locations of the meters is given in fig. V.2.Average daily water consumption as registered at the measuringpoints has been calculated over monthly periods (see app. 14).From these figures, the average daily consumption of serviceareas over February to May has been estimated and summarized intable V.2.
Surveys were made at the distribution points themselves and insome service areas to determine the number of domesticconsumers and further to gather additional information on wateruse habits already studied in the first survey (see sub-sectionV.3.2.). A total of 317 people representing 1658 householdmembers were interviewed at all domestic points. In the largersettlements door-to-door censuses were held to determine theactual number of domestic consumers. It is concluded from theresults of the census-figures that the people interviewedaccount for 60-65(=63) per cent of the total number of peoplewho rely on the Usia-scheme for domestic water consumption.Table V.3 gives the results and estimated domestic consumersper service area. No information has been gathered on consump-tion aspects within the Bugisi mission.
In view of the consumers not covered by the figures of tableV.3 the total population served by the Usia dam scheme isestimated at some 3,500 to 4,000 people with a daily consump-tion of some 75 m3.A comparative analysis of the consumption data of table V.2with the estimated number of consumers (table V.3) should take
Table V.2 Average daily consumption of service areas of Usia-dam water supply
Main area
description
Branche-line from
Usia-dam to Tinde
Branche-line fromUsia-dam to Itwangipumping stationand Didia village
registeredconsumption(1)m /day
32.3*
no pertinentdata available <
service areascovered
Tinde
cattle trough near Kisumani
Kituli upper primary school
Ngangamala, Kisumani,Nyandekwa. Isegalajaand Usia vilages
Kadati village and domesticpoints along the main nearline of Imenya, pumpingstation, primary court(Itwangi), and Itwangijunction
Imenya and Igomelovillages
Uwela
Didia and Lohumbo
Bugisi
Consumption of service areas
registered
(2)m3/day
25.5
2.1*
1.5
)
4.3
1.5
24.5
5.7
calculatedfrom(1)-(2)m3/day
3.2
Distribution facilities
6 domestic points (one outof order) and 13 privateconnections
cattle trough
elavated storage tank,some public taps
5 domestic points
5 domestic points
1 domestic points
1 domestic point
9 domestic points
not surveyed
Remarks
service area includes primaryschool (enrollment 280 chil-dren), health centre, tradingcentre, hotel, bar
enrollment estimated at 150-200, houses for staff includedin service area
domestic consumption only
domestic consumption only
domestic consumption only
domestic consumption only
service area includes primaryschool (enrollment estimatedat 200 children), trading centre,hotel, bar
mission compound
figures based on observations over two months only.
54
into account that water is not drawn exclusively for domesticuse of the rural household group in the larger settlements ofTinde and Didia.For Tinde, the following estimates have been made regarding theadditional consumption of:
2 m3/day(private connection)1.5 m3/day
the health centre:
the primary school:12 private connections(including hotel andbar) : 1 m3/day each
(see also sub-sectionV.3.4.)
Table v.3 Estimated numbers
Service area orvillage
(1)
Tinde
Ngangamala
Kisumani
Nyandekwa
Isegalaja
Usia
Kadati
Imenya
Igomelo
Uwela
domestic consumersas determinedfrom door-to-doorcensus
(2)
Of
401
146
112
Primary court (Itwangi)
Itwangi junction 119
Didia and Lohumbo 881
Total (rounded)
domestic consumers of water for Usia-dam
number ofinterviews
(3)
59
10
8
12
11
12
9
12
11
10
12
17
134
results of interviews at tap points
domestic consumerscovered by interv.
(4)
(4)of
271
52
39
76
51
63
46
66
50
46
43
75
552
water supply
as proportion(2)
(5)
67%
52%
59%
63%
63%
estimated totalnumber of domesticconsumersI=<2)or!2 ;<4>]
(6)
401
• 146+324 = 470
75
\ 185I75
| 190
881
2,280
For Didia, where no actual private connections exist, theschool is assumed to draw 1.5 m3/day, whereas the consumptionof the hotel and bar is taken at 1 m3/day each, as in the caseof Tinde.It has further been assumed that the trading centre function ofboth Tinde and Didia leads to additional water use in propor-tion to the domestic consumption. Although the survey has not
BUGISI
roads
railways
pipe lines
pump houses
• water meters
D domestic points
— J cattle troughs
:p: distribution areas
D Imenya Igomek)
TINDE
Fig. V.2 Location of the water meters in the Usia dam scheme
56
yielded sufficient information to come forward with a conclusivefigure, the assumption of a 20 per cent increase of thedomestic consumption in villages which have a trading centrefunction seems justified, as is shown below.Taking into account the various estimates and assumptionsrendered above, the domestic consumption at public taps inTinde and Didia can be calculated and compared with figures forvillages served by the scheme where water is used for domesticconsumption only. The results are listed in table V.4.Generally they seem to indicate a slightly higher consumptionthan the results presented in sub-section V.3.2., and toconfirm the plausibility of the assumptions made regarding thesources and quantities of additional water use in Tinde andDidia.
Table V.4 Estimate of per capita domestic consumption at publictaps in Usia-dam water supply
Service area orvillage
Tinde
Ngangamala,)Kisumani, )Nyandekwa )Isegalaja, )and Usia )
Imenya and Igomelo
Uwela
Didia and Lohumbo
estimated daily, watertion in m3
totalseetableV.2
25.5
3.2
4.3
1.5
24.5
privateconnec-tionsandotherfacili-ties
15.5
3.5
totalconsump-tion ofpublictaps
10.0
21.0
consump-
domesticconsump-tion ofpublictaps
8.3*
3.2
4.3
1.5
17.5*
per capitadomesticconsumptionat publictaps inI/day
21
7
23
20
20
times total consumption of public taps
The slightly higher per capita consumption estimated for thelarger villages of Tinde, Didia and Imenya may at least partlybe explained by the fact that practically all respondents saidthat they came from within 5 minutes, walking distance.
57
Moreover the figures include losses due to leakage and spillingin contrast to those of sub-section V.3.2.The survey revealed that practically the entire population ofDidia relies on the Usia-dam scheme for water supply, but thatin Tinde a considerable proportion, some 60 per cent, usesother, traditional sources.
The fluctuation in the water demand over the day has beendetermined for Tinde and Didia from 1119 observations at tappoints during 14 days from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. The results arepresented in fig. V.3. and compared with those of sub-sectionV.3.2. (see fig. V.I) over the same daily period. Although theconsumptive pattern is generally the same, the extreme valuesof peak and slack demand are less pronounced in the case ofTinde and Didia. The relatively large consumption additional tothe domestic use of the rural households themselves is theobvious reason for this phenomenon. In order to be on the safeside, maximum storage capacity to be provided in rural watersupplies to even out fluctuations in the demand over the dayshould be determined from fig. V.I (see Technical Annex G, 'Civil engineering).
Finally, the observations at the source showed that only 37 outof 311 people observed (or 12 per cent) cleaned the watercontainers at the tap before drawing this domestic water. Theaverage time spent on cleaning was 2 0 seconds.
ii
20
15
10
S
n
=
. . . . . . . . . . . .
— —
' 7 B 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
hours of the day
I s3 o
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
I 30
> 20i
10 /
t1
. ' /
/
f
y
/*7
—
"7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 V 18 19
hours of the day
water consumption according to fig. V.1
water consumption Tinde and Didia
Fig. V.3 Comparison of the fluctuation of water demand from 7-19 hrs
58
.V.3.4. Urban water supplies
The strict application of the definition used in Tanzaniato distinguish between rural and urban supplies (seesubsection V.3.1.) limits the latter group to the watersupply systems of the four district capitals Shinyanga,Kahama, Nyalikungu (Maswa) and Bariadi, and of thetownship of Malampaka.With the exception of Bariadi, the survey has been able tocollect information on the population served in thesetowns both by private connections and public taps, and theconsumption at both types of supply. The towns have pipedsupplies with a relatively large number of private houseconnections and some public taps.The data are summarized in the following table.
Table V.5. Summary of daily water consumption in townships
township
KahamaMalampakaMaswaShinyanga
population(rounded)
40001300400010000
part of thetion served
private *connec-tions
%
33383054
popula-by
publictaps
%
32152526
average dailyconsumption
privateconnec-tionsI/head
6590150100
publictaps
I/head
20232321
*) based on an average of 7 people per private connection.
V.3.5. Design criteria
The results of the foregoing sub-sections have led to therecommendations of the following design criteria for humanwater consumption to be applied for the design of rural watersupplies:
human consumption at public taps is 20 1 per day per headof the design population, which is the maximum number ofpeople estimated to be served by the scheme over theperiod of its economic lifetime;
59
water supplies of trading centres should be designedtaking into account a 20 per cent increase of the domesticdemand of the design population;
- consumption of unmetered private connections for domesticuse should be taken at 1 m3/day;
consumption of bars and hotels should be taken at 1 m3/dayeach regardless of whether they are actually provided witha private connection or not;
consumption of health centres and dispensaries withclinics should be taken at 2 m3/day; for hospitalsindividual estimates should be made;
daily consumption of schools should be taken at 5 1 perhead of the total enrolment with a minimum of 1.5 m3/dayand augmented by the domestic demand of staff houses, ifpresent.
The above criteria are further dealt with in Technical Annex G,Civil engineering, in which "design population" is specifiedand additional technical criteria (c.q. to account for lossesdue to leakage and spilling) are presented.
For urban water supplies the same criteria can be used exceptthat private connections for domestic use will be equipped withintegrating meters. It is assumed that human consumptionthrough private connections will increase from 100 I/head atpresent to 150 I/head by 1991.
Estimates of water demands for cattle and agriculture arediscussed in Technical Annex E, Agriculture. Industrial useshould be evaluated separately, of course, case by case.
V.4. Water perception
Data reported in this section have been derived from thesurvey conducted in August-September, 1972.It is clear that water is not a commodity that arousesstrong feelings in the villagers of the Region, unless thecircumstances under which it is to be obtained become toosevere. The distance to the watersource is the mostdecisive circumstance. As a rule the villager will get hiswater at the closest source, and convenience of use orquality is not a main concern.In general he will avoid travelling a longer distance than15 minutes. It is only in situations where this is notpossible that he perceives his situation as a hardship.The lack of inclination to travel too far or too often isalso the reason that water for drinking is always drawn atthe same source as the water for other household purposes.
60
The most common complaint concerning the quality of thewater was that it was dirty. The survey showed that in thewet season 60 per cent of the people complained aboutdirty water, a percentage that decreased to 50 in the dryseason. Next to "dirty" the qualification "salty" is usedin particular in the wet season. Due to the obviouscontradiction between the answers for wet and dry season,the results were not considered reliable. It was concludedthat in many villages no clear insight exists concerningwater quality. Fairly unanimous opinions are only found atthe top and bottom of the quality scale, and theseopinions do not correspond well with results of laboratoryanalyses of water samples. In one village many peoplecomplain about the salinity of water that tests prove tobe well under any limit that one might put for noticeablesaltiness. At another site splendid spring water is hardlyrated half way up the quality scale, while in a third casewater that contains enough nitrogen to give it at least anunpleasent taste is rated as very good.
As high contents of fluoride are not perceptible to theconsumer, water is frequently used that is fact isdetrimental to health (see Technical Annex F, "Waterquality")Water was only evaluated as diseased or contaminated in aminority of cases. Users of unimproved water sourcesordinarily attempt to prevent pollution by washing andbathing outside the water hole and by using other sourcesfor livestock. Only in some instances and mostly undercircumstances of urgent need, a distinction betweensources for human use and those for livestock is notmaintained.
Concerning tap water the villagers generally have the ideathat a tap removes all danger which is in itself a potent-ially dangerous misconception.Fourteen per cent of the villagers in the sample popu-lation treated their water before use. A few villagesshowed a proportion between 30 and 50 per cent. The levelof education of the consumer proved to be of influence onthe decision to process water before drinking. Of therespondents without any education only 10 per cent gavesome treatment to the water, while this figure was 20 percent for those who had had schooling for a period of 1 to4 years. Forty per cent of the respondents with aneducational level exceeding four years treated theirdrinking water.
The actual treatment may vary. In most cases the water wasboiled.However, some people filter it through a cloth or simplyallow the water to settle before using it.
61
V.5. Water quality
In this section, general information only is given on thewater quality to complete a rough description of theexisting state of water provision to the Region'spopulation. The subject of water quality is dealt withextensively in Technical Annex F.The quality of the water in the Region depends on the typeof source, as well as on the type of supply.
Surface water can be drawn from rivers only during the wetseason. The physical properties of this water, such ascolour and turbidity, are bad.However, these factors are not relevant to the health ofthe consumer but only to his appreciation of the water.Some bacteriological and organic pollution is likely. Asfar as chemical substances which may affect health areconcerned, the water usually meets the W.H.O. standardsfor drinking water.After the wet season, the rivers dry up and surface wateris drawn from reservoirs, charcos and hafirs. The qualityof surface water stored during the dry season graduallydeteriorates.Bacteriological and organic pollution can become veryserious.The chemical quality worsens, mainly due to evaporation.The lack of adequate supply facilities outside the storagearea often contributes to pollution. There is a danger ofbilharzia in the reservoirs.
Where people collect groundwater from a large number ofunlined shallow wells and hand-dug waterholes in riverbedsduring the dry season, bacteriological and organicpollution is again serious.The same applies to most open wells and to those linedwells which are not sufficiently protected to preventinfiltration of polluted water into the well.
High fluoride and salt contents are the main hazards tothe potability of the groundwater in the Shinyanga andMaswa Districts.These factors have an influence on the health of theconsumer. In particular, the boreholes and wells in theShinyanga township area, the Manonga depression and someparts of Maswa show high fluoride contents of 5 - 10 ppmor even more, whereas elsewhere in the Region this figureis usually below 5 ppm. In the areas already mentioned thegroundwater is locally salty at shallow depth. Theconductivity of deep groundwater generally suggests saltcontents exceeding 1500 ppm total dry solids.Speaking in general terms the water consumed in the Regionvery often does not even meet the "maximum allowable"limits" set by the W.H.O. for physico-chemical quality.
62
Whereas its very poor bacteriological quality certainlyforms a major hazard to public health.
V.6. Water supply and social organizations
Since very little or no effort needs to be put into theconstruction of traditional sources and their upkeep doesnot seem to require much labour or other energy, nointricate cultural arrangements with regards to wateraccessibility have ever evolved among the inhabitants ofthe Region and use of water is almost without restriction.Everyone seems to be free to fetch water at any particulartraditional water-supply regardless of whether he hascontributed in its construction or upkeep.In fact the only limitation noticed during the period ofstudy was that livestock is barred from certain waterholesby means of thornbush to avoid excessive pollution andfrom cattle watering places which the livestock owner didnot help to dig.At first sight this appears to be a rather favourable phe-nomenon, particularly in the type of society that Tanzaniais striving to realize. In this society exclusive water-rights might easily form an additional impediment in theprocess of water improvement.However, the absence of individuals or groups whotraditionally enjoy rights as a consequence of theirinvolvement in the construction and or maintenance ofwaterpoints and who could charge others for their use ofthem has the negative side effect that there are noidentifiable groups to carry responsibility for their up-keep at the village level.
The problem here, paradoxical as this may sound, is thatseen from the perspective of the consumer, water is to alarge extent a free commodity, and the need for highquality water is not yet felt at a level on which personalsacrifices are made for its acquisition.This, and the absence of specialized know-how, account toa great measure for the prevalence of poor waterpointsthroughout the Region.
The Ministry of Water and Power has taken responsibilityfor the construction and maintenance of improved supplies,a task that on the whole is carried out by, or under theauspices of the Regional Water Engineer.Up to now, this office has- in line with the Ministry'spolicy-concentrated on schemes with piped distributionfacilities which serve consumers who live in more or lessconcentrated villages. So far less effort has been spenton the provision of water to the many times larger groupof people living dispersed, for whom in most cases animproved or modern source on its own (without distribution
63
system) is the feasible solution,or on the upkeep of suchsources once provided. Some years ago, the Regional WaterDevelopment Committee was established with the specifictask of looking after watersupply to the scatteredpopulation by the construction of shallow wells, of whicha limited number have been completed. A more completepicture of the regional water organization is given insection IV.6 of Technical Annex G, "Civil engineering".
It is possible to foresee that the tendency toward neglectof maintenance will continue unless a greater involvementof the rural population in the construction and especiallythe maintenance of water sources is encouraged andachieved. It seems highly recommendable that simultaneousto further water-resource developments a concerted effortis undertaken to render the rural population aware of theundesirability of polluted water. And once the need forsafe water is felt at the individual level of the villagefarmer it should be easier to institutionalize socialstructures at the village level which would share theresponsibility for the upkeep of water provisions with theregional and national authorities.
65
CHAPTER VI WATER DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY RANKING
VI.1. Introduction
The realization of a programme to provide the entire ruralpopulation of the Region with adequate water supplies will takemany years. To make best use of the available resources ofmanpower, technical facilities and funds it is indispensable todevelop a system for comparing the various possible schemes inorder to arrive at a water development priority ranking, takinginto account the guiding principles of the Tanzanian Govern-ment.The main purpose of the appraisal of water demand from datagathered during the sociological survey is to provideinformation for a priority ranking to be based on variablesconcerning:1. the existing water need, which is determined by the
presence or absence of a supply and the quantity andquality of the water provided;
2. the development potential of the area or projectconcerned.
Before discussing the ranking order in detail it is useful tostate clearly the advantages of a priority ranking system for awater supply programme.
A standardized system of priority ranking allows aconsistent water-supply policy to be maintained for anumber of years, limiting subjective considerations in theintroduction of new improvements.A fixed ranking system offers a standardized instrumentfor the urgency ranking of sites and areas and can be usedat all levels of the decision-making structure.It may also be applicable when sites not previouslyconsidered have to be integrated into a water supplyprogramme.The variables used in the ranking order can easily beadapted to new circumstances or changed lines of planningwithout disturbing the system itself.
The ranking order based on the factors water need anddevelopment potential is still a provisional one. Its resultshave to be checked with the practical and technical possibili-ties and the desirability of implementing water supplies in theorder indicated. This point which is dealt with in extenso inTechnical Annex H, "Economy and general aspects", can best beillustrated here by two examples.The type of water supply may range from a simple source e.g. ashallow well, to sources which are more difficult to build suchas a borehole or a charco, or even to a larger integratedscheme serving serveral communities with a piped distributionsystem. The construction requirements for each type of watersupply differ to various degrees. For example, equipment andskilled manpower necessary for drilling boreholes is specializ-ed and cannot effectively be used for other purposes.
66
Thus, a certain balance will have to be maintained between thedifferent types of water supplies to be implemented each year.Secondly, the technical aspects of providing an area with watersupply may require an integrated approach. This can vary fromthe combined supply to two or more villages to the more or lesssimultaneous construction of a sufficient number of charcos toserve a whole area. Failure to build these charcos at the sametime would result in an excessive number of consumers at thebeginning of the dry season so that the source would be dried-up before its end.Resuming, a final water development priority ranking must bederived from the results of the provisional one, which has beenbased on sociological and socio-economic factors (water needand development potential) by comparison with technical,economic and organizational criteria.
This chapter is concerned solely with the preliminary waterdevelopment priority ranking. The final ranking with recommenda-tions for implementation programmes for the water master-planis contained in Technical Annex H.
Section VI.2 deals with a ranking system which can be applied toindividual villages. A total of thirteen indicators are used todetermine the scores, for which information from the "villagequestionaire" (app. 3) provided the necessary information. Thevillages interviewed in such detail (see section III.3) havebeen chosen selectively. For this reason the information onwater need and development potential of the individual villagesshould not be regarded as a representative picture of thesituation in larger areas.A simplified form of the ranking system is therefore introducedin section VI.3 in which a preliminary priority ranking of theWards is obtained from the results of the "general questionaire"(app. 2) which covers all villages in the Region.
VI.2 Preliminary water development priority ranking for
individual villages
VI.2.1. The scoring system
The basic assumption underlying the ranking order is the ideathat both the development potential of the site or area and thequantity and quality of existing water supplies should be takeninto consideration in any decision concerning water supplyimprovement. Studies on the relationship between improved watersupply and rural development have shown that new water suppliesdo not quarentee social and economic development. Only whenpriority is given to the construction of water supplies inareas or villages with a promising development potential, cansuch supplies contribute to and stimulate economic and socialgrowth.
67
The individual ranking order can be applied to the 416 villagesin the Region covered by the sociological survey on villagelevel. These villages were selected in first instance afterconsultation of the Ward Executive Officer, who was asked tolist the villages in which the greatest water need existed, aswell as those with a significant demographic growth and thosewith the most developed infrastructure. Villages which fallinto one or more of these categories were interviewed. At alater stage the survey was extended to cover all concentratedsettlements, in the sense of the definition given in sectionIV. 3.
A large number of variables pertaining to either "water need"or "development potential" were determined for each village.
Three criteria were applied for the assessment of waterneed:a. Insufficient water supply in dry and wet season.b. An official request for improvement submitted.c. Distance to the most commonly used dry season source.Originally water quality was also considered a potentiallyimportant variable in the ranking order model. However nocorrelation appeared to exist between the villagers opinion ofthe quality of the water and the results of laboratoryanalyses. Consequently local opinion could not be used as avalid measure for the water quality of the sources. On theother hand it was not possible to include the laboratoryanalyses in the ranking order, because a systematic sampling ofall the sources in the interviewed villages proved to beunfeasible.
The development potential was dicided by factors which can bedivided into five groups of indicators:
a. Infrastructural characteristicsb. Demographic structurec. Settlement patternd. State of agriculturee. Agricultural potentialTo assess the infrastructural significance of a village, thequestionnaire (see app. 3 and 4) listed 32 different facilities,a number of which were selected as being relevant to thecalculation of the ranking order. One of the underlyingguidelines in the allocation of weight has been the considera-tion that provision of both medical and educational facilitiesenjoys a high priority in national planning. Thereforesubstantial scores were given to hospitals, health centres,dispensaries and schools.The demographic structure has been split into two items: popu-lation size and the net migration surplus over a period of twoyears. The scoring is based on the consideration that largesettlements have a higher priority than small ones andsimilarly growing villages a higher one than villages with astatic or diminishing population.
68
Settlement pattern is a third criterion of the developmentpotential. Relative weight was given according to the degree ofconcentration of dwellings and buildings and the ease ofaccessibility to the settlement. The provision of an adequatewater supply to a largely scattered population is - consideringthe large investment per head - difficult to realize.Furthermore, bringing water to where people live clashes withthe governmental policy objective of villagization. Thereforea higher priority has been given to settlements with some con-centration of dwellings and buildings in the belief thatimproved water supplies can stimulate further concentration.Access, mostly by road, is another indicator linked to the rateof concentration and offering ample opportunities for socialand economic development.The following factor in the priority ranking system is theagricultural situation. Three indicators are used in evaluatingthis. Modernization of agriculture is the main criterionunderlying the scoring. Methods of cultivation, use of manureand regular selling of cattle are relevant items in thisrespect. It is assumed that priority will be given to areas andsites where agricultural modernization is under way. Finally"quality of the soil" and "availability of land" are indicatorsfor future expansion of the area.
Table VI.1 gives in detail the scores assigned to the indicatorsof the priority factors with reference to relevant informationfrom the sociological survey of which the results are presentedin app. 7.
Table VI.1 Indicators and scores for the preliminary water development priority ranking.
Indicators and (no.) of question in questionnaire
(see app. 4)
WATER NEED
1. Supply (59)— sufficient supply— insufficient supply in dry season only— insufficient supply in wet
and dry season
2. Official requast (64. 65)
— no request/not known- official request for improvement
of supply sent to district/regionalauthorities and no constructionunder way
3. Distance to water source (57)
— less than 1 mile- 1-3 miles- 3 - 5 miles— 5—7 miles— more than 7 miles
position (print colu
31 ; 1 and 31 ; 231 ;2 (and not 31
31 ; 1 and 31 ; 2
34 ;1
3 4 ; 2
3 0 ; 23 0 ; 23 0 ; 23 0 ; 23 0 ; 2
Information according to results
sociological survey (see app. 7)
mn ; line)
; i)
code*
12
2
0.2 or 9
2 . 3 , 4 . 6 or 7
12345
p
per code*
08
20
0
5
037
1115
riortty tcores
maximum per indicator
20
5
15
69
Table VI.1 continued
I n d . c a t o d i l l< s a » « p p . 4 )
DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
4. Infraitructural significance (4)
— hospital, health centre or dispensary— government school of the other school
shops {information from app. 2}o more than 15o 6 to 15o 1 to 5
— flour mill- tractors— other facilities
5. Population size (3)
- 0-400- 401-800- more than 800
6. Migration surplus (3.9,12)
— emigration surplus 2% or more- emigration surplus 0—1.9%— no surplus- immigration surplus 0-1.9%- immigration surplus 2-3.9%— immigration surplus 4% or more
7. Type of settlement (7)
— dispersed or not known— some concentration— mainly concentrated
8. Location (5)
— situated on dry-water roads, tracks etc.- situated on all-weather road and/or
railroad
9. Type of cultivation (17)
- hoe- ox and plough— tractor and plough
10. Use of manure (22)
- no use of manure— by few farmers- by maiority of farmers
11. Selling of cattle (52)
- no selling of cattle— by some people only— by most people
12. Farmers opinion of soil quality (39)
— medium or bad- Qood
13. Availability of land (38)
— just enough or insufficient— abundant
Maximum obtainable score for all indicators
Information according to resultssociological survey (see app. 7)
position (print column ; line)
5 ; 2 , 6 ; 2 . 7 ; 2 o r 8 ; 23 ; 2 or 4 ; 2
26; 226.226; 224; 213; 1
9 to 23 ; 2 . 25 ; 2 or 27 ; 2
5; 15; 15. 1
36,236; 2
36 ;1 and/or 236; 136; 136; 1
8 ; 18 ; 18 ; 1
7 ; 1
7 ; 1
12. 112; 112; 1
14; 114; 114; 1
24; 124; 124; 1
17; 117; 1
16; 116; 1
1 7
1 .2
code*
11
3211
3 , 4, 5 , 6 , 7 or 81
123
2 to 98101
2 or 34 to 98
Oor 123
Oor 3
4 or 5
1
23
1
23
321
2 or 31
1 or 23
per code*
non-recurrentnon-recurrent
42111
if code occurstwice or more
035
012345
035
0
5
017
027
0
14
01
0
1
Priority scores
: 10: 3
: 1
maximum par indicator
20
5
5
5
5
7
7
4
1
1
100
code* possible according to app. 7 but not listed m this table have been assigned a score of 0 points.
70
Out of a total maximum score of 100, the indicators for "waterneed" account for a possible 40 points, while the developmentcriteria may come to 60, weighting the ranking order slightlyin favour of the "development potential". However, a villagewith a strong score for insufficient water supply can easilyachieve a high priority ranking if only a small number ofvariables for the development potential are positive.Obviously the maximum of 100 points is purely theoretical.Scores between 50 and 70 points are already a strong indicationfor high priority.
VI.2.2. Results
For the 416 villages interviewed separately by the survey, thescores to be assigned to the various indicators of table VI.lcan be determined from the information contained in app. 7.Acomputer printout from the priority scores is given in app. 12,Table VI.2 summarizes the results.
The figures of app. 12 allow a detailed comparison of the fourDistricts with regard to the contribution of the severalindicators to the final priority score. The frequencydistribution of priority indicators and scores is given intable VI.3, broken down per District for the Region as a whole.The water need indicators are important for Maswa, Bariadi andShinyanga, where more than two thirds of the villagesinterviewed show an insufficient supply in the dry season.Kahama on the other hand is in a relatively favourableposition: 42 per cent of the villages interviewed in thisDistrict are not short of water.The majority of the settlements in the Region (66%) have sentan official request for an improvement of the water supply tothe authorities. Again it is found that in Kahama thepercentage is less than elsewhere.Distance to the water source shows a strong correlation withthe water supply indicators. Approximately 30 per cent of thevillages in Shinyanga, Maswa and Bariadi have water sources ata distance of more than 3 miles from the village, while inKahama 93 per cent of the settlements find the water within arange of 3 miles.The frequency distribution for the water need clearly showsthat in particular for Maswa, Bariadi and Shinyanga a signifi-cant part of the total priority score is determined by thewater need factor in the ranking order.
The infrastructural significance score for developmentpotential is high for Bariadi and Maswa. In both Districts asubstantial number of the villages interviewed - respectively42 and 35 per cent - has a score of from 10 to 20 points. Thesame can be said of population size and the migration surplus,indicating that in these two Districts a large part of thevillages interviewed belong to the larger settlements.
71
Table VI.2 Summary of the results of the preliminary water developmentpriority ranking for individual villages
SHINYANGA DISTRICT
villageN Y A C , M ! M K T
r i A G A i i / ••
Mil l / - . " / .ISLM! 1.
UUMAHH.J YJUUS1!" L iMrtfVU.LYl :LY~3 I NG ! i \MWAMAD'.M U-'JJ V-1WUGori LK A S I f h . I L 13 U B I K T
W I SHI Tr L ' J / ,
oEsr>' *KA5HISH!TIM-UMWALUK.Wf.I BAL)A KUL I
1DIKT (<riNDOL ;. L: j I
StKtMW-\bt-NL"-.IOUBULASELCMIMWAMAh^TAM I PANSAYUOLD-!:. i lH iYANi iAMASFT-iGWAI T w A ' l G IITUMGll ITAl .CKlSHf.PUPAMDAGICHIZAH A H . I M H L
IMALABUPIrJAMHUx-i/; ; , l . i U RYNCGi Z 1
MAS/.f' i i^MWANASlil i-1b;.KULANDHTpI UQLi LiJK IGvJA^(,«HQ:iA-UJ^ZO13;JG -.1N Y A S A M t ^ f - U J A M A A»J L L r- Z • 1U N Y A t i Y r H t : : ;N Z I M i-
priority scorefc96 6t i :6 1
5 95 95757
» 56565 656565554535?515)51
5 0
5050504 9494 94 94 94 6474747474 64 b45454 5454444
1 M £ h 4 44 44 44 34 343
village
I S r L /
1 <J i '• ! /
w;u.
KI L :l
1 TJNI'UI.U
I GAG/.U K h ! G lK i lMWA\! 1 .iLYUbUri!' L ' -i<v/,Gi'.L AILUMI L-i
3 U L Y A I « I 7 . : ' M . ~
LC3HU:U' , r i -DIDI ABUG-J:- :;J I Me.i-111 will-iTi , 1 !
b A O iK l ZUMi'I
MWAKT L'IGJ.
NoAYUKAZA'- i i l i . i
UZOG f:!?:r
WZAMZAI G J P r L i
M A 0 1 I
r - j Y A S M } ' • • . • > ; .
BUGf>'.!
LYAMU'J
M W A M - . K - LC H L U , . L i
priority score
434343
424?i y
4141
404040404039393938383638383838383737373737363636363636363635353534343434343433
Table VI.2 continued
72
SHINYANGA DISTRICT
village
MAT IN AI TU rU . . - i ] L ' lK A K l l A
JL'J MHUNZl.KABAL tTUPLiNL'ANTMWAMAl Al L I N D I L HI S H F G F N Y A
NSHJSHJNULUPAMBEH I L I S H IMWAMAGPMhFMHUGhSHAT I MBAlKaN;>£KALAIJGAU:
I KaMfM.HUKIK I T Y : - L : \MWABUUHAt A
U S U L L
t iUG'.NlKAJ B A T L .
MHAM GOIDU lU L:"iJT IL IMAI HAL)MWAMANHMGAbUTONJAISOMbANKULAMASKATIN HUM 1 IL IW I M A T F
MWABFNJASUSWAMWA'iKANGAMfr iJO.)
MWAMA LASAMIZA.MZANJINt iOKIMANOAGULIMAWtlMI LUKAZIMANHORMlAQUTU1RAZUNZULIMWASHlNUfJG'HGLJNo ' HOMAKI TUN GO
priority score
333333?3333332323237
3232323232313 1
3X3131.
3030303030292979292828232828262727272727272727262626
IHLA 2 62626
village
MANGiti WAMG H 1MHUG!NGU'lUK^l'j.iLiI 61 L /MWASI i'JGUS H I L J I L !. <I MALAN' . ' IZU
KAKJL;BUS' iMGi !MDUGUTIMWA.-JG'H/ LA.1CAM W A U . T -MAL- - :NDTMUNG:.M 7 " T /
SHAG1HJ I I I
priority score
25252424242423232322222212222?.
^ ^21
ISHULOI ;"bUMU'lYU
MWAMo'i t- ' , lo .MWATAGt
SHIKh;" '1« r
bUKHMG'.BUY-.IG.J
IGALULJ
201918171.717173.7163.41413
Table VI.2 continued
73
MASWA DISTRICT
tillage
KINANG* A I GULLMALAWI PAK AIGWAT/".I T l . j r i T i i i j j :NGGGTMnMWABV'-MYAMWAMiUTII MALA., "K JKIDtf-U'
priority score
) 606059
1 5956535352?\51
MWAB A Y^NIIAMWAS!TiOADIBUDi-KWAB UDt: K W A - ! J J A ?-1 A AZEBfiYAMWANDUMWAbi, YANJi,MWALUKULIKH1 DHGO
MALT'A-U JAM A AKULIMIKIZUNGUMASLLASHI SHIYUIGUNYAKISESAI LAM AT-"NGAr-lANGULIGULI
MWANYOM6AMWAMIi\DOMWABUSALUSHOKv^ SHDKAMA5ANWALALAGOSAYU-SAYULlNGfKAMWAMAL'iLtMWAiNMUZII PI LI LUMWAGWllASHINYAMGALALING'WABULIMBUMwAbUZUMWAM'JUYA
5049484348484747454544444343434343424141
4040393939393838333737363635353535
village
MWA-IY,"'•jYAfUr
i w r t • v
K A B I ' I DV1 wANOLKULiMILU3Y1GMBUS'11MWAMA5L'JGU.VU
SANGA-foULUfWSEMW/.'1WAMANM^AMY fSENA'! INYAi>.!INKOM/M W A t • ' • • !
M W AM A S'•Hi' '-At.*1
HWAMIM
J S I U L Iv| WANUi'.1
• - -
j ' !
i
. • i
T '
•\
IG
j iHI
•'it-;
' . - • • ' •
h i1 ;
A>J
-, ..
ITT
^.;.-ujA-uUl.U
I LI
A L J G L ^ U
GJJA
.'>
-IJJA-1A'.-.r * • • ) ! K ;•*
G L L -;ZA
-UJAMAA
priority score
34\ 34
343433333232323 !31
3029292929?9282827272621
1917
Table VI.2 continued
74
KAH AM A DISTRICT
village
IJTUb .1MPUNZtNGDGWALUN&UYA
KlLAGi i
NYAM&WALfc
LUWA
NHUME".1! SAKvAMBUl.U
UTUNGULUI GUNDAIBANZAK A B U D J AUSHT ROMIM
LUHALAI BOYAI 3JJA
MBIKAl. A
priority score
545151
4747474646454545454242424141
40403C>
3 1
KALUNDr,M HI v c. 0I SAGnH>-:
BUKWIMb ANUNDil
NGAYAKASHISHILJYU&O
K.IM! SHIHAKI3JKFULJWAUL'JWA-UJAMAA
KINANHUNDU
BUT I MBA
NSANGOCHONAMAHANGA-UJAMAASANG ILWABUTOGOL 3ZONG'?M'7RA
3838373737
3737353433333332
30292828272727
village
K I NAVM-Pi. i l . , - .
I G>VM.tiULUoM. •'6UL\ " • '
MALINDJBULil'. 'GW^BLJKJMr-,-
I TUGi.lNH! II LL'IV^:
CHAMLO
I TUL A :"- ' ' ' M 1 ts l
M W AN A f, I
K I 3iJK " - i . l J A ' b . \•NYLiJY ;-'LA
MHONG- ' ! l •"<
S A B A - S A b I : J iUY1VUSFKi"bUT 1 ' • • - ' - ' • •_> J G J
U L t.-.!NYA£-'.7..-
I N Y A - . ' G .
IGU',<K.A'JY;; \Yr -UJ.-i.'-IA;;K A;-li H "NGULUV J G * W . - . / i A > : U l
BUf;J'^ BAuAMAT.'-L A'i«:;:-'MWALC1
N Y A ' ^ I . U L •'•'•
BUM-H M«U\-UJ 'A 1A/.
BUG'Jr i i lI T i ) ( i V i ' " - : J G ' H - t L J
SHU-IUI B-'1J.'.-UJ •\M/.,\MWALUGU^IJhi A Mi!
UBAGu ~.MWALH-; IJ .".fiA/.
MSA5 /'KATUNGUl U
TUL JL r . -UJA-1 .AM P r ^ •'•
I ^Ub.A L I L i!
priority score
272727272 625?525252424242423232322222221212121
2020
i 20202019191916161515141 ^141313i 3
131212
111010
Table VI.2 continued
75
KAHAMA DISTRICT BARIADI DISTRICT
village
BUDUSHISC'NGAMlit-LEMONO1 ANH4LAMB0
priority score9977
BARIADI DISTRICT
village
MAHfcMi.}?-: •SAPIWIBARIACIKASOL INIKQL'JLOMWALUSHUMWAMWITAMALINONIM W A - U P A L A L A
NYAKABJNMLUGJRU GINN=RYIGEGUSAGATAMWALUSHU-UJAMAA
BARIAOI-UJAMAALUGURUZANZUIMNAMWtL II SANG A
MAT DIM GONHESHANKOLOLO-UJAMAANHOBO LAKIDALATASAKWED AS I N *OUT^A
priority score
6 86 8646261595757555554545453525251515151
5049484747474545
villageMWALALAbIM b 1T II KUKAJLYAISYJHASK A S l l . INHtT '••.I iA'IfiA-KAGAl •-.NG f WANG1 WALIMALI MH JI
GAMd;' SINGU3ASWAMWAMHGt/S HAI HAL'- •SULULUMG1 A T^.'G IKU3UP4U0M1ILA
^YAiHJL'-GIMAGAIIZ'lM AS 1 ; v-iA
SU'UULAIHUSMIMANGAMHU1Z' ;
NYAMT. L-'.MA6Ai)r>l1 ItiUKl i'i Ji.AMrii I;JKOL-JG 1M AUG* WAM'jTi)NGULYATI
SEK:,NO-IrtALAWABETAI TAt'.AMANDANJ- . l l . 'L ' Z ISAMU:)AGAMHMSTI KU:JGUL Y4ZASAK.WF-UJAMAAMWAMKUMHUWANS ANGULYATI-UJAMAAM-A&UKI-UJAMAA
NYAMIGUNGABUBAL!
priority score
454 4
HI 43424242414141
40403938383838
3837373636?636353534343333
30303030302929292727
1 212121
1513
7 6
Table VI.3 Frequency distribution of priority scores for individual villages per indicator
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
INDICATOR
water need
official request
distance to water source
infrastructural significance
population size
migration surplus
type of settlement
location
type of cultivation
use of manure
selling of cattle
soil quality
availability of land
Score
08
20
05
037
1115
0 - 45 - 9
10-1415-20
03
CJl
012345
035
05
017
027
014
01
01
Kahama
4258
4159
6528
430
57186
19
503911
332
1997
30
274132
5248
9460
592714
582913
3169
2872
frequency distribution in °/o
Shinyanga
157510
3169
293715145
59141215
175231
221415141322
408
52
6238
4945
6
70237
295516
3763
4159
Maswa
1285
3
3169
303917104
32331025
154243
216
12151036
281359
8218
106426
8811
1
364222
1981
5149
Bariadi
1482
4
3664
323715133
39191428
172261
12112113'8
35
211762
7921
211168
9541
5247
1
1585
3763
Region
2074
6
3466
383513104
50191120
244234
231016131028
311851
6634
473419
75187
414514
2971
3961
77
Shinyanga occupies a middle-range position while for Kahama themajority of the villages have lower priority scores withregard to infrastructural significance and population size.The data for the degree of concentration and the location ofthe village represent the settlement structure in the Region.51 per cent of the villages interviewed are more or lessconcentrated and 34 per cent are located along an all-weatherroad.
A comparison of the situation in the four Districts shows that :the most concentrated settlements are found in Bariadi, Maswaand Shinyanga. The category "some concentration" is dominant inKahama, while in Shinyanga the dispersed settlements are moststrongly represented (40%).
The indicators for the agricultural situation - type of culti-vation, use of manure and selling of cattle - give grounds forconcluding that the degree of modernization in the Region islimited. Only 19 per cent of the villages interviewed make useof the tractor, while manure is restricted to 25 per cent ofthe settlements. In 41 per cent of the cases no selling ofcattle takes place, whereas if we include those where thisoccurs only very occasionally the figure rises to 4 5 per cent.There are however significant differences between theDistricts.Concerning the type of cultivation it is remarkable that inBariadi and Maswa the use of tractor and plough is more commonthan elsewhere in the Region. 68 per cent of the villages inBariadi use a tractor and 26 per cent in Maswa.All the Districts show a very limited use of manure with aslightly higher percentage for Kahama (14%).The majority of the farmers have a favourable opinionconcerning the quality of the soil in their settlements (71%for the Region), in particular in Bariadi and Maswa, 85% and81% respectively. The availability of land, giving ampleopportunities for new settlers, is considered highly favourablein Kahama and Bariadi. For both indicators one point is allotedto the ranking order.
In the total priority scores, which is a summation of thescores for the respective indicators, five priority categorieshave been differentiated. Table VI.4 gives the frequencydistribution for the Region and the four Districts.
The frequency distribution given in table VI.4 is alsopresented in a diagram of fig. VI.1.
From the data it will be clear that the majority of thevillages with a high priority are found in Bariadi, Maswa andShinyanga. Kahama has a rather favourable picture with only 4per cent of the villages in the highest priority group of 51points or more.The analysis of the frequency distribution for the several
78
indicators in the ranking order proved that in Maswa anaBariadi the high priority is mainly based - in addition towater need - on the significant scores for infrastructuralfacilities, population size, immigration surplus, type ofsettlement and type of cultivation.The development potential is less important for Shinyanga,giving substantial scores only for infrastructural signifi-cance, population size and location.The contribution to the total score of the use of manure,cattle selling and quality and availability of land is limitedand differences between the Districts appear less significant.
Table VI.4 Frequency distribution for 5 priority categoriesin Region and Districts.
Region
Kahama
Shinyanga
Maswa
Bariadi
Proportion5 priority
0-20
1.1
29
7
2
2
of villagescategories
21-30 31-40
24
31
26
17
18
31
21
33
39
28
in %
41-50
21
15
22
28
24
" Ifor
51 ormore
13
4
12
14
28
numberofvillages
416
96
176
72
72
The results of the preliminary water development priorityranking have alse been indicated on the District maps no.3.14.04-06-07 to 09 on which the five priority categoriesmentioned above can be distinguished.
VI.3 Preliminary water development priority rankingfor Wards
A simplified form of the priority ranking system described insub-section VI.2.1 has been used to assess the priority re-lationship between larger areas. In keeping with the ad-ministrative organization it appeared obvious to choose the 95Wards of the Region as areal units for this exercise. The areasaround the four District capitals (Kahama, Shinyanga,Nyalikunguand Bariadi) which have a separate status - as division or sub-division - have not been included.
79
%40-
35-
30-
25-
II III IV VRegion
I II III IV V
Kahama
I II III IV VShinyanga
I II III IV V
Maswa
I II III IV V
Bariadi
I = 0-20 points
II = 21-30 points
III = 31-40 points
IV = 41 -50 points
V = 51 or more points
Fig. VI.1 Frequency distribution for 5 priority categories
The Ward ranking is applied in Technical Annex H, "Economy andgeneral aspects", to determine the priority within the watermaster-plan of areas instead of individual villages for theimplementation of:a. integrated supply systems in cases where individual
supplies are not feasible from the technical or economicpoint of view;
b. water supplies which though individual by nature can bestbe built as part of a construction programme. Forpractical reasons, such a programme should develop theprovision of water to the (scattered) population in wholeareas rather than on a village by village basis.
As one example of the above points the provision of water bymeans of charcos has already been mentioned in section VI.1.
80
Another example is a large scale construction programme forshallow wells which is recommended as part of the water master-plan (see vol.1 Main Report and vol.11 Technical Annex H).Obviously the execution of such a programme, in which theactual time spent on the construction of a well is short inrelation to the time spent for shifting of locations, transportof materials, site surveys etc., can only be done effectivelyif all wells necessary in a certain area are built at the sametime. This particular programme is further proposed to beeffected in a relatively short period of some six years only,so that there is no need for a large differentiation. Pro-visionnally three priority groups are considered sufficient.
As in the case of the ranking system for individual villages,scores are allocated to factors related to "water need" and"development potential". The information obtained at Wardheadquarters on all villages in the Ward ("general question-naire", see app. 2) presented on the Ward Infrastructural maps3.14.04-06-04 to 06 has been used.The reliability of the data available at Ward level is lowerthan that of the data used for the individual ranking order. Onthe one hand, the information from Ward headquarters could notbe checked in detail. On the other hand some factors arerelated to the Ward's population, so that reasonable approxima-tions had to be made regarding the geographical position of theWard boundaries in relation to enumeration area borders used inthe Census. Obviously, the results are subject to a fair marginof the error. Therefore, a dual scoring procedure is introduced:
first, the revelant indicators are distinguished for eachfactor and a score is assigned to each indicator as in thesystem described in section VI.2; the Ward scores aredetermined for one factor and the Wards are listed inorder of decreasing scores;secondly, the provisional ranking order per factor isdivided into three equal parts and all Wards within onepart receive the same final score for this factor. Theseparts or groups are further referred to as "categories".
The relative water need of the wards, the first factor ofpriority ranking, is determined by relating the number andtypes of existing modern water sources and supplies to the1967 population of the Ward. Indicators used are:a. the number of the villages with (connection to) a piped
water supply system (=A)b. the number of lined shallow wells and boreholes (=B);c. the number of other improved sources such as dams, and
charcos (=C);d. the estimated 1967 population (=P).Different importance is assigned to the various types ofsupplies; the relative weight of group (B) is taken to be twicethat of group (c) and that of group (A) five times that ofgroup (B). The provisional ranking order of the Wards for the
81
factor water need follows now from the value of 10 A + 2 B + C
Obviously, priority for water development should be given tothe category of Wards where the above factor has the highestvalues. In keeping with the scoring system of sub-sectionVI.2.1. the category I scores 40 points. The categories II anIII get 20 and 0 points respectively.
For the "development potential" two factors are taken intoaccount being "facilities" and "infrastructure". Following thesame reasoning as applied in section VI.2 priority should begiven to the implementation of water supplies in the categoryof Wards which are relatively most developed in terms offacilities and infrastructure. Out of a maximum possible scoreof 60 points for "development potential" both factors areallotted 30, 15 and 0 points each for the categories I, II andIII respectively. It was not possible to include at Ward levelfactors related to the state of agriculture or the agriculturalpotential.
The indicators used for the factor "facilities" are:a. the number of medical facilities, being
hospitals and health centres (=D); or- dispensaries with or without clinic (=E) ;
b. the number of schools, distinguished asgovernmental or private primary schools (=F); orsecondary schools (=G);
c. the number of trading centres inconcentrated settlements (=H); orother settlements (=1), for definition see sectionIV. 3;
d. the number of missions (=J).
Again following the scoring system for individual villages,different importance should be given to the above indicators.Moreover the total of (weighted) facilities should be relatedto the estimated population (=P) in order to compare differentWards and determine their relative priority. The Wardsbelonging to category I are those for which the factor10D + 5E + 3F + 6G + 4H + 21 + J has the highest values.
PThe relative weighting of the various indicators follows fromthe co-efficients in the above formula.The values of the variables D to J can be read from the WardInfrastructural maps no. 3.14.04-06-04 to 06.
The factor "infrastructure" is assessed for each Ward on thebasis of:(a) the total length of railroad and all-weather roads in km
(=K) ;(b) the total length of dry-weather roads in km (=L);which indicators are related to:
82
(c) the total area of the Ward in km (=W), exclusive of gazettedareas. In this case category I contains the Wards with the
highest values of 2K + LW
App. 13 gives the scores per Ward of the three factors, and thecategory to which each Ward belongs in the preliminary waterdevelopment priority ranking. The category with the highestpriority comprises wards scoring 65 points or more, whereas thelowest priority is indicated by scores of 40 points or less. Asummary of the preliminary ranking order is presented in tableVI. 5.
Table VI.5 Summary of preliminary water development priority ranking of wards
district
Kahama
Shinyanga
Barladi
Maswa
division
Dakama
Kahama
Msalala
Mweli
Siloka
1 twang i
Kishapu
Mondo
Negezi
Nindo
Samuye
Mjini
Itilima
Kanadi
Ntuzu
Meatu
Mwagala
Nung'hu
Sengerema
Wards
category 1 - highest priority
Ukamba
Busangi, Ngaya, Lunguya
Ulewe
Mbogwe
Usule
Mwakidoya
Bunambiyu, Bugoro, Songwa, Lohumbo
Talaga
Solwa
Mwamala
Somanda, Bunamhala, Mwabubingi, Gabu
Itinje. Imalaseko
Busilili, Dakama
Masela
Bad.
category II - medium priority
Mpunze
Isaka, Zongomera
Ngogwa
Ushetu, Uyogo
Runzewe, Ushirombo
Didia, Isemeta, Tinde
Uchunga, Kishapu
Bubiki, Mondo, Maganzo
Ibadakuli, Itilima, Ukenyenge, Mwamashele
Iselemagazi, Nyang'ombe
Usanda/Singita, Samuye
Kizumbi
Luguru, Mwamapalala
Lagangabilili, Bumera
Nkololo, Mhangu, Dutwa
Bukundi, Nkoma
Lalago, Sukuma
Buchambi
Malampaka, Nyabubunza
category III = lowest priority
Ukune
Isagehe, Mhongolo
Masumbwe
Kola, Itwangi
Shagihilu, Masanga, Mwamalasa, Somagedi
KHoleli, Lagana, Ngofila
Salawe, Mwantini, Lyabukande
Chi be
Zagayu, Nkoma, Mbita
Chinamili, Sagala
Nyakabindi
Mwabuzo, Semu-Kimali, Kisesa
Mpindo, Ipililo
Isanga
Kulimi.Shishiyu
Contrary to the results of the preliminary priority ranking ofindividual vilages, Kahama District has the largest proportionof Wards belonging to category I, the highest priority. Littledifference is found between Shinyanga and Bariadi Districts,which have clearly lower proportions of high scoring Wards thanMaswa District.A summary of the frequency distribution of the scores perindicator (see table VI.6) shows that water need is very highin Maswa District, still considerable in Bariadi, whereas thesituation in Kahama and Shinyanga District is rather favourable.
83
This reflects the good shallow groundwater potential of Kaharaa(see Technical Annex C, Hydrogeology) and the relatively largenumber of existing supplies in the Shinyanga District.As regards the factor facilities Kahama scores very favourablebecause of the large number of facilities in relation to thepopulation. This circumstance is not apparent in the ranking ofindividual villages (see sub-section VI.2.2) as the facilitiesare spread out and not concentrated in larger villages. Thevery low score for the Wards in Bariadi District points to theexact opposits.Finally the results for the indicator infrastructure confirmthe predominant position of Shinyanga District in this respect.
Table VI.6 Frequency distribution of priority scores for wards per indicator
INDICATOR
1. water need
2. facilities
3. infrastructure
Total score
Score
0
20
40
0
15
30
0
15
30
0-40
45-60
65-100
Kahama
39
44
17
17
22
61
22
56
22
22
45
33
frequency distribution in %
Shinyanga
49
33
18
33.3
33.3
33.3
23
23
54
33
44
23
Maswa
19
19
62
38
29
33
57
24
19
38
33
29
Bariadi
12
41
47
41
53
6
35
47
18
35
41
24
Region
33.6
33.6
32.8
32.8
33.6
33.6
32.8
33.6
33.6
33
41
26
The three priority categories are also indicated on a regionalmap, no. 3.14.04-06-10, which may serve to distinguish areas ofpriority for improvement of the water supply situation.
The preliminary priority ranking of Wards determined in thissection is recommended in Technical Annex H as a guideline forthe implementation of a crash programme for the construction ofshallow wells to improve the water supply to the rural areas.
84
The suitability of this type of supply depends, however, on thehydro-geological conditions of the area, which constrainingfactor has to be applied to the preliminary water developmentpriority ranking of Wards in order to arrive at the final one.
On map 3.14.04-06-10 the Wards have, therefore, been furtherclassified in the following three groups:
shallow wells generally feasible;shallow wells limitedly feasible;shallow wells generally infeasible.
This point is further dealt with in Technical Annex H, "Economyand general aspects".
85
Chapter VII WATER SUPPLY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
VII.1. Introduction
The commitment of Tanzania to provide adequate rural watersupplies and the general guidelines along which this commitmentwill be fulfilled are concisely spelt out in the Second FiveYear Plan and were amply discussed in the Conference on RuralWater Supplies in East Africa held in April 1971 in Dar esSalaam. The plan mentions the various economic and socialbenefits ensuing from improved water supplies, including thatof a more efficient settlement pattern. It points out, however,that in the face of limited resources a fully satisfactorysolution cannot be reached in the near future, and as aconsequence gives the highest short-term priority in the shortterm to low cost projects benefitting a maximum number ofpeople. Planners are reminded that the provision of rural watershould in principle be aimed at (ref. 2.):( I) Development of Ujamaa villages;( II) Areas of acute scarcity of water;(III) Areas of population concentration;( IV) Promotion of productive activities for
agriculture and livestock.
In his opening address to the conference on Rural WaterSupplies, the Minister for Water and Power reiterated therecommendations made in the plan. He pointed out that the ruralareas should be provided with safe and adequate water withinthe next twenty years. Moreover, he urged planners not toforget that the implementation of projects will always dependon political decisions, the priority to Ujamaa Villages beingan example.A master-plan should not merely provide information onavailable and potential water resources but should come forwardwith a ranking of areas according to water requirements anddevelopment potential, having taken manpower and financialrestraints into account. In more explicit terms this means thatin addition to an assessment of present water needs data mustbe collected on agriculture possibilities, social and economicinfrastructure, and demography, and that the planning of watersupplies should be closely co-ordinated and related to thedevelopment programmes.
Based on these principles a preliminary priority ranking systemhas been developed by Nedeco, see chapter VI.Only if priority is given to the construction of water suppliesin areas or projects with a good development potential, can theprovision of such supplies contribute to and stimulate anoverall development.Several studies exist on the relationship between improvedwater supply and an overall rural development. For Tanzania theresearch of Warner (ref. 11.) and Heynen en Conyers (ref. 22.)are the most relevant in this respect. However their conclusions
86
are tentative because of the limited scale of the surveys. Themajor finding is that very few of the benefits expected fromwater occur spontaneously. Water in itself proves to beinsufficient to stimulate rural development. It appears,therefore, that water must be provided as part of a "packagedeal" and that the people should fully participate in theproject. These conclusions are confirmed by I.D.Carruthers,mainly based on the study of rural water investment in Kenya.He states that ".. water investment, though perhaps necessaryfor creating a progressive rural environment, is clearly notsufficient" (ref. 24). The same can be said with regard to astimulation of concentrated settlements. In Nzega rapid growthof settlements seems to have occurred around water pointslocated in existing villages, and more moderate growth aroundthose located not in a village but on a road, the combinationof road and water providing a nucleus. However, the pointslocated elsewhere have not yet attracted any noticeablesettlement. It may be concluded that water is not the mainfactor determining the location of settlements.Therefore if optimum use is to be made of the investment in thewater supply from the various resources for implementation thewater development programme should not be considered on itsown.It should be an integral part of an overall regional develop-ment programme.The drawing up of a regional development plan is beyond thescope of this study. It seems reasonable however, to assume, inkeeping with the national policy of self reliance in labour andthe priority towards agricultural development and in view ofthe fact that almost the entire population of the Region isengaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, that such aregional plan would be aimed at the optimization of the averageincome derived from these sectors, either per family or pergroup of families cooperating, (e.g. in an Ujamaa village).Nedeco has therefore studied in outline the possible develop-ment of agriculture and animal husbandry over the period of themaster-plan, the main conditions that have to be fulfilled toachieve such a development and the consequences this may haveon the master-plan. Reference is made to Technical Annex E,"Agriculture".The method applied is based on an optimum use of the availableland, capital or labour, whichever is scarcest. Promisingcrops, yield projections, input requirements, availability ofland, labour and capital, price and market projections, andchanges in the composition of the livestock herd are estimated.
VI1.2. Considerations for a regional development plan
As has been said, the design of a regional water master-plancannot be considered without taking into account the socio-economic developments in the Region for the coming decades. Inmany countries a water master-plan has been developed as an
87
isolated planning programme, mainly based on demographicextrapolations.In this study the future water supply is seen as an integratedpart of a regional development plan. In keeping with thestatements made by the Tanzanian Government (see section VII.1)the purpose of the water master-plan will be to provide everyinhabitant of the Region with adequate and safe water by 1991.The socio-economic development which would result from theimplementation of a regional development plan will determinethe future population distribution and the settlement pattern,both essential elements for the planning of future watersupplies. The design criteria proposed in Technical Annex G,"Civil engineering", clearly illustrate the importance to theplanning of socio-economic developments, as they relate thetypes of supply to the number of consumers, type of settlement,standard of living, development potential of the area, etc.
As the majority of the population in the Region is occupied inagriculture, the socio-economic development will mainly bedetermined by the agricultural sector, the more so since theprospects for other economic activities during the period 1974-1991 are considered very limited indeed. The Ministry ofAgriculture, Food and Co-operatives (Kilimo) intends to buildan abattoir possibly with a fertilizer plant, and a spinningmill is also on the list of new projects.Generally speaking, however, the Region does not (yet) providea suitable environment for industrial development.
In the description of the Region under section IV.3 ondemography it has been said that for the coming decades anannual growth rate of 3% is expected for the population as awhole. The 1967 population of 899,468 will then increase to1,828,000 in 1991.In view of the predominance of agriculture in the regionaleconomy the growth rate of the agricultural population (thoseemployed in this sector together with their dependents) istaken to be only slightly lower than the overall-growth, i.e.2.7 per cent per year (see the demographical projections of thenext section VII.3). On this assumption, some 1,630,000 peoplewill constitute the agricultural population of the Region by1991. It is clear that this considerable increase will makedemands on the agricultural output. Considering the Region as awhole, with the present system of land use, the increasingpopulation can be accommodated only for some 10-15 years from1972 onward. That is why a more intensive use of land will benecessary to accomodate the farmers within the regionalboundaries. The scope of the Nedeco survey precludes theconsideration of the effects of developments outside theRegion, such as immigration from Mwanza Region into Shinyangaor emigration from Shinyanga to Tabora Region.
In the report on agriculture, Technical Annex E, detailedrecommendations are formulated to improve the gross and net
88
production values per hectare. Based on a division of sixagronomic zones, covering the Region, the agricultural carryingcapacity is calculated with an extrapolation to 1991, in whicha significant increase of the average yield has been included.If these figures per division are related to the distributionof the farming population in 1991 it appears that in a numberof divisions the population will surmount the carryingcapacity. The population density in these areas will increaseto such an extent that the land available for each productionunit, being the rural household group, will be less thananticipated under conditions of improving agricultural output,and moreover that very marked differences in income will occur.An additional disadvantage would be that if farm sizes decreaseit may be expected that as food crops have first priority thearea with cash crops, such as cotton, paddy and oil seed, willdiminish.In particular in the Itilima, Sengerema, Itwangi, Mondo,Negezi (north), Samuye and Mjini divisions the futurepopulation will exceed the carrying capacity of the land. Onthe other hand there are areas like Kahama that have a vastquantity of arable land, where the carrying capacity will notbe utilized by the local population in 1991, leaving ampleopportunities for new settlers.On the basis of the above considerations it is concluded inTechnical Annex E that a redistribution of the farmingpopulation could play a decisive role in the intensification ofland-use and as such should be a basic element of thedevelopment plan and of the water master-planning.Technical Annex E, "Agriculture", deals with the possibledevelopment models which would further suit the above objec-tive. The alternative which would provide the agriculturalpopulation, especially in the long run, with the highest incomeand the most even distribution of this income, has beenelaborated. It calls for an active migration to be started in1976, which would make it possible that as far as cropproduction and livestock-keeping are concerned the Region willnot be fully occupied before 2005 - 2010. Criteria aresuggested for the selection of emigration areas, from whichpeople should be encouraged to move, and immigration areas towhich new settlers should be attracted. The effects of theimplementation of such active migration policy on thepopulation distribution over the period up to 1991 are relevantto the water masterplan.
The promotion of a settlement pattern where people live inconcentrated villages is also considered a major objective ofthe regional development plan. This is in line with thenational policy of villagization which is more or less aprerequisite for any co-operative undertakings, a necessarycondition for the improvement of the agricultural production.
In addition, seen from a different angle, the provision ofadequate facilities, water supply being one of these, is very
89
much hampered by the existing settlement pattern under whichmost people live widely dispersed.As has been said earlier, the design of a complete RegionalDevelopment Plan is beyond the scope of the present report.However, the above mentioned objectives are reasonable assump-tions for an overall planning on which a water master-plan canbe based.
VII.3. Demographical projections
The present population in the Shinyanga Region is to a largeextent dependent on agriculture. According to the Census of1967 the percentage of the population employed in farming andlivestock was 95.6% of the active population, being 53.5% ofthe total population of the Region (see table IV.3).For the period 1972 - 1991 it may be assumed that the economicdevelopment will be mainly determined by the agriculturalpotential of the Region. A significant increase of the othereconomic sectors is not likely. This fact is illustrated by thefew possibilities for industrialization as mentioned in theprevious section and the diminishing importance of diamondmining at Mwadui.Based on these economic considerations it may be assumed thatonly a slight increase of the non-farming population during theplanning period may be expected. Therefore the annual growthrate for the farming population in the Region has beenestimated at 2.7% versus an overall growth rate of the Regionof 3% annually.The extrapolation of the 1967 population up to 1991 are basedon these growth-rate assumptions. Table VII.1 shows theestimated population of Shinyanga Region in 1967 and 1991 byeconomic activity.
Table VII.1. Population of Shinyanga Region in 1967 and 1991by economic activity
total population of the Regionfarmersnon-farmersnon-farmers in % of totalpopulation
899,468 1,828,000859,891 1,630,00039,577 198,000
J —' - / f \J ~s A.
3 9 , 5 7 7
4.4% 1 0 . 8 %
Up to now, the population distribution has been given inaccordance with the type of settlement in 1967. The data fromthe sociological survey indicated a correlation betweenpopulation-size and type of settlement and the rate of growth.
90
The growth rates for existing concentrated settlements in 1972have been estimated from this relationship and are listed intable VII.2. For Shinyanga town the Nedeco census, carried outin June 1972 actually showed an annual growth of more than 9%for the period 1967 - 1972 (see appendix 10).
Table VII.2. Annual growth rates for concentrated settlements(existing in 1972)
settlement
Kahama/Bariadi/Maswa townsShinyanga townMwadui minesconcentratedsettlements
•
population sizein 1972
2,000 -11,5008,000
400 -
1,000 -2,000 -
more than
6,000
1,000
2,0004,0004,000
economicactivity
growth-rate%/yr
non-farmers 5samesame
8-90
farmers andnon-farmers 3samesamesame
3-3.53.5-4.55
The above mentioned growth rates have been applied for thecalculations of the population distribution in 1991, shown intable VII.3. The procedure followed was:
a. The population in the district capitals and the Mwaduimines is derived from the figures of 1972 and consistsentirely of non-farmers.
19Kahama/Bariadi/Maswa towns: 1,05" x 11,400Shinyanga town : 1,08 x 11,500Mwadui mines : constant
29,00050,0008,000
The total population of the concentrated settlements inthe area in 1972 was calculated by applying differentgrowth rates for the respective sizes of the settlements,Concentrated settlements, 1972 pop.400
10002000
1000:2000:4000:4000:
1,03l,0321,04:
19 89,600 =y x 61,800 =x 36,600 =x 11,200 =
157,000113,00077,00028,000
Total 375,000
91
c. Besides the existing concentrated settlements a group ofnew settlements in development areas, according to theimplementation of a regional development plan, has beendistinguished, (see sections VII.5 and 6). The totalfarming population for this category was estimated at some278,000 people in 1991 in Technical Annex E, "Agriculture",sections V.7 and 8.
d. The differentiation between farming and non-farmingpopulation was calculated as follows. The non-farmingpopulation, living outside the district towns and theMwadui mines amounts to 198,000 - 87,000 = 111,000 people.It may be assumed that this group will be located inconcentrated settlements proportionally divided betweenthe old and new settlements. The proportion then becomes16% for both types of concentrated settlements.
e. The population of the scatterd settlements follows fromthe Regional total and the totals for concentratedsettlements.
Table VII.3. Estimated population distribution in 1991by type of settlement and economic activity.
Type of settlement
I.
II.
Ill
IV.
District capitals and Mwadui
estimated populationby economic activity
non-farmers farmers
87,000
- Shinyanga town 50,000- Kahama, Bariadi, Maswa town 2 9,000- Mwadui mines 8,000
Concentrated settlements in 1972 59,000
- 1972 population 400 - 10001000 - 20002000 - 4000
4000
.New concentrated settlementsin development areas.
Scattered villages
Total for the Region
52,000
198,000 1,
316,000
278,000
036,000 1
630,000 1
in 1991
Total
87,000
50,00029,0008,000
375,000
157,000113,00077,00028,000
330,000
,036,000
,828,000
92
Comparing the data of this table with the figures of 1972 itappears that the population living in towns in the Region willincrease from 30,900 to 87,000, while the population ofexisting concentrated settlements will grow from 199,2 00 to37 5,000 to which number 33 0,000 has to be added, being thepopulation of the new concentrated settlements in thedevelopment areas.The proportion of the scattered population would decreaseduring the planning period from 77% in 1967 to 55-60% in 1991.
The farming population in existing concentrated settlements in1967 was 153,900 (see app. 11), while for 1991 a population of316,000 is expected. This means for the period 1969 - 1991 anannual increase of 3.0 per cent, slightly more than the growthrate of the total farming population, being 2.7. The implicationis that during the planning period a slight tendency among thefarming population to settle near existing concentratedvillages is assumed. The validity of this assumption issuggested by the results of the sociological survey.The overall growth of the farming population having been takenat 2.7 per cent a year, the growth of the scattered farmingpopulation of 1967 (706,000), a group which by 1991 is dividedinto those who have migrated to new concentrated settlements indevelopment areas and those remaining in scattered villages,might be assumed to amount to 2.62 per cent a year over theperiod 1967 - 1991. Though consistent from the mathematicalpoint of view, it would indicate an unrealistic confidence inthe accuracy of the data and assumptions underlying thepredicted growth rates of table VII.2 to use this figure forthe annual growth of scattered settlements. Given the occupationof their inhabitants the overall rate applied to the category"farmers" of 2.7% a year is proposed instead.The use of this figure in section VII.5 leads to an estimate ofthe scattered population of 1,060,400 in 1991 or an overestimationof 2.4% as compared with table VII.3. This negligible discrepancyover a period of 24 years indicates a satisfactory degree ofconsistency between the assumptions made for growth ratesdifferentiated according to natural access, economic activity,or type of settlement.
On the basis of the demographical data in this section detailedcalculations will be made in section VII.5 per division for thepopulation distribution over the master-plan period at the(interim) years 1976, 1981 and 1986. The results are relevantto the water master-plan and will further be used in TechnicalAnnex G on 'Civil engineering1.Summarizing the implications of demographic developments forthe water master-plan it can be said that:
(i) The increase of the population of district capitals, theMwadui mines and the existing concentrated settlement isknown for the entire master-plan period; the topographicallocations are shown on maps 3.14.04-01-01 to 03.
93
(ii) The number and population of new concentrated settlementsto be supplied with piped water in each period of fiveyears is known; the area in which the new settlements willbe located can only be assessed generally within adivision (see Technical Annex E).
(iii)The scattered population of each division can be determinedfor each interim year, as well as its average distributionover the areas with a different water potential.The latter two points depend of course entirely on thepriority criteria to be adopted for the selection ofimmigration and emigration areas. The migration alternativesl.a.c and l.a.d defined in Technical Annex E, arediscussed as are the results of their implementation onthe population distribution.
VII.4. Socio-economic development
In view of the predominant role of agriculture in the regionaleconomy a regional development plan should be aimed at theoptimalization of the average income derived from the cropproduction and animal husbandry sectors, either per family orper group of families, cooperating in an Ujamaa or other formsof co-operative villages. Planning of water supply should beclosely co-ordinated with the region-wide development planningof crop and livestock production in the present farming areasand the farm settlement areas to be developed.In the report on agriculture some alternative developmentmodels of the regional agricultural potential, dependent ontopography, soil texture, fertility, rainfall and evaporationdistribution, as well as present and future conditions ofpastures and bush encroachment, are considered. In this sectionthe main aspects of the actual and future economic developmentof the area are discussed.
Technical Annex E divides the whole Region into six agronomiczones. Within each zone the natural conditions are assumed tobe more or less constant, enabling the optimum choice of acombination of crops suitable for the area with an averageyield per ha deviating only to a limited degree. The zones havebeen located within existing administrative boundaries whereverpossible.
The zones are indicated on fig. V.I of Technical Annex E.Generally boundaries could be matched with administrative,divisional boundaries. For the divisions Negezi, Kishapu andMeatu a distinction between a northern and southern part wasnecessary.
For each agronomic zone a number of promising crops, adapted tothe natural conditions, were considered. Yield estimates weremade on the assumption that agriculture in the Region would
94
develop both along current lines and, by active promotion ofmodern husbandry methods, as a package deal including extensionservice and credit facilities, co-operative villages, etc. Itis shown that by 1991 the latter development model would leadto a very considerable improvement of the Net Production Value(NPV) derided from agriculture per average farming household.
Table VII.4. Sub-division of the Region into agronomic zones
number zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
agronomic zone
South & West Kahama
East Kahama
West Shinyanga
Central ShinyangaEast
Maswa & Bariadi
East Shinyanga &
East Maswa
SoutheastShinyanga &South Maswa
constitutingdivision(s)
Dakama, Mweli,Siloka
Kahama, Msalala
Itwangi, Nindo
Samuye, Mjini,Mondo
Sengerema, NunghuItilima, Ntuzu,Kanadi
Negezi (north),Kishapu (north)Mwagala, Meatu(north)
Negezi (south),Kishapu (south),Meatu (south)
District
Kahama
Kahama
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
MaswaBariadi
Shinyanga
Maswa
ShinyangaMaswa
The optimum cropping patterns to achieve this, and from thesethe average farm sizes, have been calculated for each agronomiczone. The cropping patterns assume that each household or groupof households will provide its own labour and will give firstpriority to the cultivation of its own food crops, in line withboth the present system and the government's policy.
It appears that in zones 1 to 5 preference should be given tocrop production instead of livestock keeping, provided ofcourse, that the land is suitable to this purpose. For zone 6 acombination of food crop production and livestock keeping wouldoffer the best solution.As a next step the number of people of the farming population,
95
who can be accommodated so that each member has an area ofagricultural land that he can handle optimally, has beenestimated for the various divisions of each agronomic zone.This number is referred to as the "carrying capacity" of thedivision. If the carrying capacities are related to a mereextrapolation of the 1967 population of each division, theanalysis given in the agricultural report makes it clear thatin several divisions the 1991 population will surmount itscarrying capacity, notably in the divisions Itilima, Sengerema,Itwangi, Mondo, Negezi(north), Samuye and Mjini, while inparticular in Kahama District the population is far less thanits carrying capacity.This is to say that in the divisions mentioned the availabilityof land to each production unit will be less than anticipatedand therefore the possibilities based on labour will not beutilised adequately. Consequently the average income will beless than that possible, the more so as available land willfirstly be allocated to the cropping of food crops, while cashcrops will only be grown on the remainder. The excess ofpopulation under natural growth over the carrying capacity isespecially large in zone 6, where livestock keeping requires anaverage grazing area per household or group of households whichis about two times the size of arable land to be allocated tocash crop production in the other agronomic zones. On the otherhand there will be areas in the Region where quite a lot ofland will be idle, Kahama serving as an example. The differencesin land distribution would not only imply failure to obtainmaximun NPV's in too densely populated divisions, but wouldalso lead to considerable variations in the distribution ofincome in the agricultural sector. This situation already ofundesirable proportions in 1991 would worsen steadily in lateryears.
Taking not only the water master-plan period (up to 1991) butalso the farther future into consideration it should be one ofthe aims of a regional development plan to reach an optimaliza-tion of the average income in the agricultural sector, makingfull use of the production development potentials of the wholeRegion. It is obvious that this calls for a partical redistribu-tion of the population allowing each production unit, the farmingfamily, to cultivate the maximum quantity of land which it canhandle as long as arable land is still available in the Region.Technical Annex E estimates, that under such a policy thefarming population of the Region can be accommodated up to theyear 2 005 - 2 010. The number of people to be migrated in thecourse of the years (see next section) is so large, thatimplementation of an active migration programme should beundertaken shortly. Its effluence on the population distributionup to 1991 will be an important input for the water master-plan.
The development of the agricultural potential of the Regionrequires further that a regional development plan pays due
96
attention to the modernization of agriculture and to a markedreduction of the average livestock density (see Technical AnnexE). These factors also influence the water master-plan.
Improvement of the efficiency of the extension service, the useof farm machinery and controlled grazing - necessary both toput an end to the present, serious overgrazing in some areasand to free land for crop production - call for farmers of eachvillage to be organized under a co-operative system. It istherefore assumed that a regional development plan willemphasize "villagization" in the sense that settlers in newdevelopment areas will be accommodated in well-plannedconcentrated settlements and that a similar settlement patternwill also be promoted in the already more densely populatedareas, though then the process will undoubtedly be moredifficult and slower. Obviously, this type of settlement haseconomic and technical advantages and implications for theprovision of water as is dealt with further in Technical AnnexG, 'Civil engineering1.The urgent need to reduce the livestock herd and to lower theaverage livestock density (shown in Technical Annex E as aprerequisite to improve the animal husbandry sector and furtherneeded in densely populated areas to make land available formore porfitable crop production), has led to the recommendationthat provision of water to cattle should only be included inthe water master-plan in areas where controlled grazing ispractised at the optimum density.
VII.5. Migration and its influence on the populationdistribution
VII.5.1. General
In Technical Annex E an attempt has been made to estimate therequired volume of migration during the water master-planperiod up to 1991. The calculations have been made on adivisional scale related to migration from the too denselypopulated divisions (emigration divisions) to the scarcelypopulated ones (immigration divisions), a process which iscalled "inter-divisional migration".Two land-suitability alternatives are distinguished. It hasbeen calculated that taking into consideration alternative 1 amigration with a capacity gradually built up during 1976 - 1981to 14,000 people annually, can lead to an optimum populationdistribution in the Region in 2008. That is to say that a totalnumber of 430,000 people should migrate to new sites inimmigration divisions. Under land suitability alternative 2which is less favourable the figures are 16,000 annually and464,000 people in total in 2007.Given the period of the master-plan (up to 1991) and the smalldifferences which both alternatives involve for that period,
97
the figures of alternative 1 are used for the master-plan.An estimate is also given for the migration required within thedivisions from one area to another, referred to as "intra-divisional migration". Starting in 1981, it is estimated thatfrom 1986 onwards some 5,700 people would have to be resettledannually, totalling 102,600 members of the farming populationby 2,008.Several alternative migration schedules are considered, basedon different priority criteria to be applied to emigration andimmigration divisions.As feasible dates for implementation 1976 has been chosen forthe inter-divisional migration and 1981 for the intra-divisional migration. The provision of adequate institutionalsupport, the size of the operation and the necessity to executethe migration policy as a part of a detailed regional developmentplan seem to prohibit realization at an earlier date. A periodof five years is foreseen during which the migration capacitywill gradually increase to the required levels of 14,000 FP(members of the farming population)/year and 5,700 FP/yrrespectively.
It is proposed that people who migrate settle down in concentra-ted villages, planned in development areas according to a de-tailed plan and equipped with the necessary facilities such aspiped water supply, schools, medical provisions, agriculturalsupport and the like. The planning and sub-division of suchdevelopment areas is discussed later, in section VII.6.Sub-section VII.5.2 deals with the effect of the implementationof migration alternative l.a.c (see Technical Annex E),considered the most appropriate one for the water master-plan.The resulting distribution of the farming population at 5 yearintervals (1976, 1981, 1986 and 1991) is discussed on the basisof the data given in app. 10 of Technical Annex E.
Under migration alternative l.a.c the situation in agronomiczone 6 would develop along natural lines until 1991. Therestructuring required to turn this into an area whereagricultural activities would concentrate on rational andoptimalized livestock keeping on a small-holder scale, with thecultivation of food crops for own consumption only, will posehuge problems. Especially so, because under this system farfewer people can be accommodated than under present land-usepractices, and large scale emigration will be required. Byextrapolation of the 1967 figures to 1976 the population ofMeatu south would be 86% of the carrying capacity, that ofKishapu south 185% and Negezi south 247%. For 1991 thesefigures would read 128, 276 and 368%I Stimulation of emigrationin the first phases of a regional development plan will also behampered by the current attitude of the farming populationwhich indicates the inclination to move into zone 6 rather thanaway from it. It is therefore argued that an active emigrationpolicy should not be applied to zone 6 before the populationpressures in other areas have been reduced and the positive
98
effects of the new system have been clearly demonstrated.Consequently migration alternative l.a.c is chosen as the basisfor the water master-plan.In sub-section VII.5.3, however, the implications of majordifferences in the population distribution relative to thatassumed are assessed, particularly those resulting from anearlier emigration of the "excess" farming population from zone6 (migration alternative l.a.d).
VII.5.2. Assumed population distribution for the water
master-plan
Farmers and their families who emigrate are assumed to belongto the category of the scattered population. The effect ofmigration will generally be that the scattered population ineach division will be smaller then that which would follow froman extrapolation of the 1967 situation. A corresponding numberof farmers will be accommodated in new settlements in developmentareas, either in the same division or in an immigrationdivision.In this sub-section the figures presented in Technical Annex Efor migration alternatieve l.a.c are considered.
The number of farmers migrating to new development areas eitherunder inter-divisional or intra-divisional movements have beencalculated from tables 10.5, 10.8 and 10.10 (Technical Annex E,appendix 10) for three five-yearly periods from 1976 - 1991,and are summarized in table VII.5 below. Technical Annex E doesnot specify the sequence of the execution of intra-divisionalmigration during the relevant period 1981 - 1991, but it isassumed that priority will be given to the divisions which havethe highest overall density of the farming population. Acomparison between tables IV.1 and V.I of Technical Annex Ethen renders the following sequence for the divisions whereintra-divisional migration is foreseen in the agriculturalreport:
from 1981 to 1986: Itilima, Sengerema, Nunghu, Ntuzu andMwagala (partly);
from 1986 to 1991: Mwagala (partly), Kahama, Kishapu(north), Nindo, Meatu (north), Dakamaand Msalala.
The total population of the new concentrated settlements indevelopments areas by 1991 is estimated in table VII.5 from thefarmers who actually migrate, their descendants and a proportion
99
of non-farmers taken at 16 per cent of the agriculturalpopulation (see section VII.3).
Table VII.5. Population of new concentrated settlements indevelopment areas
x 1,000
district ordivision
KAHAMA
DakamaKahamaMsalalaMweli
SHINYANGA
Kishapu northNindo
BARIADI
ItilimaNtuzu
MASWA
Meatu northMwagalaNung1huSengerema
REGION (total)
farming populationresettling in devel-opment areas
1976-81 1981-86
1.2 59.94.6
44.63.3
5.1
1.711.6
4.63.00.91.1
i 1986-91
4.06.21.5
77.7
1.112.0
3.03.0
1991 population of newconcentrated settle-ments in developmentareas
farmers non- total(resett- farmerslers anddescendants
74.011.559.881.4
1.117.8
2.013.2
8.66.41.01.2
278.0
13.82.2
11.215.2
0.23.3
0.42.5
1.61.20.20.2
52.0
87.813.771.096.6
1.321.1
2.415.7
10.27.61.21.4
330.0
Note: for each period the number of people given representsthose who actually migrated in that period (42,000 in1976-81; 87,100 in 1981-86; 98,500 in 1986-91)inclusive 2.7% annual growth over the year(s) fromthe moment of migration to the end of the 5-yearperiod under consideration.
100
The water master-plan should take into account type, number,size and locations of the new settlements. Generally, developmentareas will have to be found in areas where the 1967 populationdensity was below 40 capita per square kilometre (see maps3.14.04-06-01 to 03). Exact locations can only be determinedafter further detailed survey, beyond the scope of the watermaster-plan study. Type, number and size of the new settlementswill be discussed in section VII.6.
Assuming than no other migration will take place than thatreferred to above, the number of farmers and their families whoremain in scattered settlements can be deduced for the targetyears 1976, 1981, 1986 and 1991 by extrapolation of the 1967figures (see app. 11) and subtration of those resettling indevelopment areas (see table VII.5). Their distribution overeach division is important to assess the various types ofimproved sources which will be required for the supply of waterto this group. Merely for the sake of the water master-planemigration is therefore assumed to take place from the mostdensely populated areas in a division.The planning produce for water supply to the scatteredpopulation by means of the improved sources described inTechnical Annex G, Civil engineering, further requires that adistinction is made between:
low-density areas, where strict application of a maximumwalking distance to the source (1.5 km is proposed as atarget) is inpracticable as it would lead to excessivecost for relatively expensive supplies such as boreholesor charcos. The population is assessed from an extrapolationof the 1967 figures at an annual growth rate of 2.7 percent.
- medium density areas; the adopted design criteria can beapplied unabridged and the population and its distributionare derided from an extrapolation of the 1967 situation.
- high density areas; the planning of the water suppliesmust take into account that emigration from these areasshould be encouraged, whether it be during the master-planperiod itself or over a relevant period thereafter, say upto the year 2000.
The resulting distribution of the scattered population up to1991 is given in table VII.6. Low, medium and high densityareas were actually determined on the basis of the 1967population distribution maps but totalized for presentation perdivision, in line with the accuracy of data available andassumptions made regarding migration.Low density areas are in general those where the totalpopulation density in 1967 was 0-19 people per km2.
Table VI1.6 Assumed distribution of the scattered population over the course of the master-plan period according to the migration alternative i.a.c(see section VII.5.1) (numbers are rounded to nearest 100; calculations based on unrounded figures).
x 100 people
district or division
KAHAMADakamaKahamaMsalalaMweliSiloka
BARIADIItilimaKanadiNtuzu
MASWAMeatu northMeatu southMwagalaNung'huSengerema
SHINYANGAItwangiKishapu northKishapu southMondoNegezi northNegezi southNindoSamuyeM/ini
REGION
total 1967
128238734524494
212
1551364388799
1824277436475235401
2403344162161352400138380181285
7060
low-density areas*
1967 1991
28 5334 65
145 27388 167
100 189
22 4236 6855 104
121 23034 6462 1189 168 15
5 100 00 03 57 140 0
96 1820 00 0
medium density areas*
1967
316220
746
112
109253513
1160
2214086
11126
0108
00
1245927
1991
599416140
12213
207479973
2200
42075
162
21239
0203
00
23511252
high density areas
1967
43912500
23399
231
40402192186307
32836
161241393138160122258
1976
551153300
296126294
55512244236391
41646
205306500175204155328
1981 1986
63 57132 12837 37
0 00 0
338 280143 164336 336
70 56585 668284 302270 287423 328
320 24854 57
249 284399 294390 326200 228233 223177 126277 227
1991
421103300
175112306
46763239246279
21457
30524129926018494
206
total 1991
2312694591446179402
2466424659
1383
2893496827777337456
2933245296305449313260601206258
10604
Note: the population at interim years follows from extrapolation of the 1967 figures assuming a compound annual growth rate of 2.7 per cent.
102
High density areas were determined as being those from whicheither inter- or intra-divisional emigration would be likely totake place before 2000. They were found mathematically by thefollowing procedure:
the 1967 population census figures and the data from theNedeco survey of all concentrated settlements in 197 2 wereextrapolated and used to estimate the farming populationin 197 6 for each area of the population density maps,differentiated as scattered "farmers" and those living inconcentrated settlements;
the density of the total farming population per area ofeach division was calculated for 1976;
the areas within a division were arranged according todeclining magnitude of the above density;
the assumed number of emigrants per division for theperiod 1976-81 was derived from appendix 10 of TechnicalAnnex E, Agriculture;
emigration was supposed to start in the area of a divisionwith the highest density of the agricultural populationand to affect the scattered population only. If thedensity figure dropped to the level of the second highestranking area and further emigration was still necessary,both areas were considered jointly, and so on;
the farming population of each area of a division in 1981followed from extrapolation of the 1976 situation takinginto account the decrease of the scattered population inemigration areas;
- the new density of the farming population of eacharea could be calculated for 1981, and the procedurerepeated for 1981-86, etc.
Table VII.7 gives a summary of the high density areas determinedin the above way. They have been indicated according to thedensity class to which their minimum overall population densitybelonged in 1967, as shown on the maps 3.14.04-06-01 to 03.
VII. 5. 3. In;<plications_of_earlier_development_of_agrgnomic_zone_6
The implications for a water master-plan designed for theassumed population distribution as dealt with in sub-sectionVII.5.2, supposing that a regional development plan were togive priority during the master-plan period up to 1991 torestructuring agronomic zone 6 (Negezi south, Kishapu south andMeatu south) as a cattle keeping area, will be discussed on the
103
basis of migration alternative l.a.d set out in Technical AnnexE. This alternative differs from the l.a.c alternativepreviously dealt with in that emigration divisions are simplyranked according to decreasing value of relative populationdensity, which is the ratio between actual or extrapolatedagricultural population and the carrying capacity of adivision.
Table VII.7. Classification of high-density areas
district ordivision
KAHAMA
DakamaKahamaMsalalaBARIADIItilimaKanadiNtuzuMASWAMeatu northMeatu southMwagalaNung'huSengerema
populationdensity in 1967(people / km2)of more than
808080
808080
6020604040
district or minimumdivision population
density in 3 967(people / km2)of more than
SHINYANGA
ItwangiKishapuKishapuMondoNegeziNegeziNindoSamuyeMjini
40north 40south 5
40north 20south 20
604040
Livestock keeping in zone 6 with food crop cultivation only forown consumption calls for a relatively low population density.Emigration from zone 6 would therefore receive high priority,especially for Kishapu south and Negezi south. Table 10.1 ofappendix 10, Technical Annex E, gives comparable figures forthe migration alternatives. From these the reductions to beapplied to the scattered population in the high density areasof zone 6 as listed in table VII.6 for alternative l.a.c can bedetermined for l.a.d. The results are presented in table VII.8.In case of migration alternative l.a.d the planning of watersupplies in zone 6 would not in fact have to reckon withscattered population in Negezi and Kishapu divisions and with amore or less constant scattered population of some 50,000people in Meatu south. It should however be kept in mind thatin accordance with the recommendations made on the rationalizedcattle-keeping system in the agricultural report, water supplyto the livestock of the area would have to be included.
104
Table VII.8. Comparison of the scattered population in highdensity areas of zone 6 for migration alterna-tives l.a.c and l.a.d. (rounded figures)
Migration alternativel.a.c. (see table VII.6.
1976
182151
90
1981
202559
104
1986
232867
118
1991
263176
133
division
Negezi southKishapu southMeatu south
Zone 6 total
migrationl.a.d.
1976
182151
90
1981
2659
67
X 1 ,000
alternative
1986
01
51
52
1991
48
48
In regard to the distribution of the scattered population inthe other divisions than zone 6, alternative l.a.d would simplydelay the emigration from high density areas some 4-5 years,and consequently lead to population figures about 13 per centhigher than those listed in table VII.6.A switch from migration alternative l.a.c to l.a.d would notaffect the distribution of the scattered population in low ormedium density areas.Neither would it have any implications for the population ofnew concentrated settlements in development areas (see tableVII.5) as the ranking of these areas remains unchanged.
Vll. 6 Planning in the new areas
VII. 6.1. Planning procedure
Although it is not the aim of either this report on the watermaster-plan to outline a regional development plan, it will benecessary to indicate some guiding principles to serve as areference for the future water supply of the Region. Moreover,as has been indicated in the foregoing section large scalemigration from relatively sparsely populated areas will benecessary for an optimization of the agricultural income. Sincelarge scale migration of people and livestock is a majoroperation, a framework for the resettlement programme has to beconsidered.
Regional planning is oriented towards the future; it looks tothe relation between social purposes and spatial arrangements.
105
The process of planning may, in general, be regarded as onewhich leads to the formulation and clarification of goals andto their ultimate reduction to specific courses of action,programmes and projects. Thus regional development planning maybe described as the process of formulating and clarifyingsocial objectives in the ordering of activities in a certainarea.The basic question therefore is in what way activities have tobe distributed in space in order to achieve the socialobjectives. Alternatively, what are the proper social objectivesin accordance with which activities are to be allocated in aplanning area. One of the main functions of regional planningis to state the ordering of centers within an area, toindentify the functions to be performed by each center and tostudy the interrelationship.
A regional development programme will suggest different thingsto different individuals, but is likely to suggest to everyonenot a single programme but a number of related programmesfocusing on common objectives. For a development agency, aregional development programme implies scores of individualprojects ranging from those involving engineering to thosebasically educational in nature.
In general the following steps can be distinguished in theplanning procedure.
A. Formulating the targets.This is the phase in which the main objectives for theRegion and the different sub-areas are formulated andagreed upon by the authorities. A distinction may be madebetween ideal and real targets.
B. Investigation.It is essential that the planners possess information onthe situation on which the planning is to be based and themeans available. This phase makes it necessary toinvestigate in detail the several areas on which theregional plan will be focused.
C. Designing the plan.Here the planning agency should begin by analysing thepresent situation and by measuring it against the targetsto be reached. The next step will be to determine whataction programmes can be employed within the existingsituation to achieve the targets fixed in an earlierphase. Also the time and methods required for therealization of the programmes have to be determined, whilea selection has to be made from among the optimum and thefeasible programmes.In most instances a number of action programmes have to beintegrated.The final plan can be drawn up on the basis of theseconsiderations.
106
D. Confirming the plan.Here the regional plan has to be presented to thepolitically reponsible authorities for approval ormodification, while the implication for the budget alsohas to be considered.
E. Implementation.When approval has been obtained, the plan is ready forimplementation, which may be entrusted either wholly ofpartly to government agencies.
F. Evaluation.If the process of planning is to function properly, it isessential that some idea be gained of the effect of agiven action. Once that is known, it is possible todetermine to what extent the plan measures up to expex-tations.Such evaluation is of essential importance when plans haveto be drawn up on the basis of insufficient data.
Within the framework of this planning procedure, theregional authorities will have to formulate the details ofthe development plan for the area. The proposed watersupply programme and the implications of the necessaryresettlement of people in concentrated and consolidatedvillages, makes it necessary to outline the generalrequirements for the implementation of the settlementprogramme.
Some guidelines have been given in Technical Annex E.Three phases have been distinguished: the pre-settlement 'planning, the execution of the resettlement and the post-settlement development. This sequence can be found in thegeneral planning procedure, discussed earlier in thischapter.The main elements of the first phase are:
identification of areas suitable for settlement;assessment of the degree of mechanization to beintroduced both in clearance and reclamation of theselected sites and in the subsequent cultivation ofthe lands;the determination of the optimum size of thesettlement units;the preparation of a blueprint for an optimumsettlement pattern, including the mapping out of newroads, watering points and sites for markets andsocial facilities;the indication of the boundaries of the areassuitable for crop and/or animal husbandry and - inthe case of a communal settlement - the setting ofboundaries between individually and collectivelycultivated and/or grazed land;the drawing up of a tentative schedule for theexecution of the settlement operation;
107
- the assessment of the manpower requirements for theexecution;
- the assessment of all material and financialassistance required.
In the execution of the resettlement there are three maintasks:
opening up the settlement areas by constructingroads, clearance and reclamation of lands and thelocation of villages accommodated with some socialfacilities such as schools, dispensaries and aboveall drinking water supply;simultaneously the recruitment of settlers will takeplace.They will have to be selected from the rural poor inthe relatively densely populated areas. The mostdifficult task will be the motivation of theprospective candidates in order to make them willingto leave their area.
- the migration process. For the relocation of thesettlers' families from their area(s) of origin tothe new settlements proper organization is needed.Not only the people but their cattle, goods andchattels will have to be moved.
Finally the third phase is of crucial importance for thesuccess of the programme. It is here that the Governmentnot only provides the infrastructure in the new area, butalso reclaims and develops the land, assists in theconstruction of houses and in the development ofagricultural production, as well as in communitydevelopment.
The great variety of tasks to be carried out in theframework of the execution of the plan will involve manygovernment agencies. Road construction and clearance ofland will have te be carried out by the Ministry ofCommunications, Transport and Labour (Comworks), whichalso has to be involved in the construction of publicamenities like schools and dispensaries.Drinking water for the human livestock population willhave to be provided under the supervision of the RegionalWater Engineer.
Reclamation and bringing under cultivation of the landshould be done by the settlers themselves with assistanceof the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives'regional staff.Facilities and funds for the provision of services in thefield of agricultural credit, supply of agriculturalinputs and marketing of agricultural surplus will have tobe provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives and through existing agencies.
108
All these activities and organizations will have to be co-ordinated within a regional planning board, part of theoffice of the Regional Commissioner.
For the guidance of the activities within the new areas,two types of personnel are necessary. In the first placecommunity development workers are needed especially in theearly stage of development.It is felt that the number of settlements to be served bythe community development workers should preferably notexceed four villages.Next to the community development workers agriculturalextension officers will be necessary in dealing with thedevelopment of the agricultural production and marketingof surplus. Both community development workers andagricultural extension personal should co-operate veryclosely in the promotion of rural development.
Before the implementation of the settlement plan it wouldappear necessary to start the programme with an experimentalphase, during which the organizing institutions try out theimplications and feasibility of the project. Such a project, ifproperly prepared and managed, would soon be a source ofpractical information to be applied on a larger scale duringthe plan period.It is advisable to select a favourable area for this experi-mental phase, while the structuring of the settlement patternhas to be done in an integral way, that is to say including anareal centre, the appropriate local centres and the agricult-ural villages belonging to the service area of the centres.
VII.6.2. Settlement patterns
As has been said earlier, the promotion of concentratedsettlements of farmers is one of the main objectives of theplan, and more or less a condition for an adequate water supply(see Technical Annex G).A number of guiding principles were drawn up for the Region.It was felt necessary that social and economic facilitiesshould henceforth be concentrated as far as possible in centressince this course of action would have the following advant-ages :
a. the various service units influence one another, andbecause of this interaction a concentration of facilitiesis usually more effective than an identical numberdistributed throughout a whole area;
b. a concentration of this sort increase the possibility ofestablishing useful public facilities which can help toraise living standards considerably;
109
c. the centres, on which social and economic activity must befocussed, will be able to improve the structuring of thepresent organization of rural areas.
Concentrating of facilities in the centres may be expected tolead to their becoming focal points of social and economicactivity. This could exert a positive influence on the formingof rural communities.
It will be clear that this process can only succeed if thepopulation is invited to help in getting centres running.
Starting from the general principle that facilities should beconcentrated in centres, the following distinctions serve asgeneral indication for a comprehensive settlement programme inthe new areas.
1. District and/or divisional centre. This provides servicesincluding such institutions as a district office,hospital, etc. throughout a District, not in the admini-strative sense of the word but rather as a group ofdevelopment areas roughly covering one division or some(parts of) smaller divisions. The district capitals andlarger existing concentrated settlements may be suitableto serve as such.
2. Areal center. The activities of these centres are limitedto a certain area; in the resettlement programme a centrecould be allocated to a new area that will come undercultivation. These centres would provide services forwhich there is a regular demand. The activities areestimated to cover a radius of 8-10 km. Starting from thisassumption settlements of this kind should preferably besituated at a point where a main road intersects one ormore secondary roads.
3. Local centre. Activities of this type of settlement are ona local scale, providing facilities for which there is adaily need such as schools, and shops. Their activitiescover a radius of 4-5 km, while the extent of the totalarea which they serve is estimated to be some 40-60 km2.Such centres should preferably be situated at a pointwhere a secondary road intersects one or more tertiaryroads.
4. The agricultural village. This type of settlement is thelowest echelon in the settlement pattern, having as a mainfunction the concentrated housing of the farmers. Thevillage will cover an area of approximately 10 km2 andwill preferably not exceed a total agricultural populationof 700-800.
This plan has to be considered as an outline for a resettlement
110
programme, indicating how the allocation of people and servicescan be structured.The different types of centres should generally be located inthe heart of the area concerned and must be easily accessiblefrom every part of that area. Furthermore a centre should belaid out in such a way as to leave space for eventual expansionof the service units even when the population of the servicearea has reached its maximum number. Every effort should bemade to locate the centre in such a way as to make the fullestpossible use of the facilities already in existence. Finally,care will have to be taken to ensure that the centre or villageis in tune with its natural surroundings.
In general it is estimated that one out of four agriculturalvillages will be a local centre while one out of every fourlocal centres will be planned as an areal centre. The inter-relationship between the types of settlement is laid out infig. VII.1.
Fig. VII.1 Interrelationship between the types of settlements
It will be clear that this scheme functions solely as a model;the actual structuring will be carried out taking into accountthe administrative units, like divisions and sub-divisions,
Ill
whereas different sizes of agricultural villages may berequired in different areas.
In the following table the characteristics and the functions ofthe respective types of settlements are given systematically.One area would include 12 agricultural villages, 3 localcentres, and 1 areal centre with a total agricultural popula-tion of 12,000. Assuming for 1991 the category of non-farmersto constitute some 16 per cent of the total population of thesenew settlements (see section VII.5) they would number some2,000-2,500 people. By assuming distribution of the non-farmersmore or less in accordance with the importance of the differenttypes of villages, the maximum total population of arealcentres, local centres, and agricultural villages has beenestimated at 1,300, 1,100 and 800 people respectively. Again itshould be remarked that these figures are to be regarded asreasonable averages to base the water master-plan on ratherthan strict criteria for the regional development plan to come.
Table VII.9 Settlement scheme
type of settlement
— ArealCentre
- LocalCentre
— Agriculturalvillage
estimatedmaximumpopulation
maximumpopulationserved
1300 14000 -14500
1100 ± 3,500
800 ± 800
radiuskm
8-10
4— 5
1.8-2
areakm 2
agriculturalfacilities
200 - 300 • tractorworkshop
- cottonbuying post
- sub-centrecommunitydevelopment
- sub-centreagriculturalextension
• (veterinarianofficer)
40 — 60 -tradingcentre
- cottonstore- tractors• communitydevelopmentworkers
- agriculturalextensionworker
+ 10 • tractor• store
otherfacilities
• dispensary
and clinic• Tanu-Headquarters
• school• shops
• market• restaurant• petrolpump
• school• shops
tvpeof access
water supply
all piped supplyweatherroad
dry piped supplyweatherroad
track piped supply
112
In view of the fact that in the plan for centres the establish-ment of service units is based on an altogether new policy, thevarious work methods that have been used up to the present willhave to be changed and new methods, for instance with regard tofinancial planning, will have to be introduced to ensuresuccess.The government should assume control of the lands concerned assoon as possible, while legislation concerning physicalplanning is particularly needed. Plans regarding publicutilities can be worked out in detail now and adapted to thefuture structure.It is possible to fit the plan for centres into the plans forpolitical decentralization. The centres service areas could,for the matter, serve as political units. Service areas wouldthus be assigned a new and important function.
VII.6.3. Water supply to development areas
For a further water master-plan attached to a new settlementprogramme, it will be necessary to have an approximation of thenumber of new settlements, differentiated according to type,which may be implemented before 1991.For the implementation of the settlement structure designed itis felt necessary that in new areas the programme will startwith the allocation of the area centre or/and the localcentre(s). Before the number of people reaches the maximum andduring the development of the centres within a certain area,the lay-out of the agricultural villages belonging to thecentre has to be started.As soon as the population within the centres reaches a certainlevel - the determination of which will depend on the type ofcentre and the expected demographic growth rate in the future -new migrants are directed to the agricultural villages withinthe radius of the centres.The development of the settlement structure therefore isstarted from the upper level, gradually extending towards thelower echelons, in particular the agricultural villages. Theadvantage of this policy is that the functions of the centresare built up immediately after the occupation of the new land,while furthermore - because of the facilities offered withinthe centres - a concentrated settlement pattern is started atthe very beginning of the colonization. This will have ademonstration effect on the settlement structure of the wholearea.
The number of new settlements required for each period of 5years from 1967-1991 is estimated from the figures of tableVII. 5, on the envisaged volume of the resettling farmingpopulation, by observing the following assumptions:
to allow for growth, the farming population of a newsettlement at the time it is established, is taken at
113
550-600 people. This means that the village reaches itsoptimum size in some 10-15 years after which the excessagricultural population should be accommodated elsewhere.In view of the very small migration volumes in the firstyears (1976-81) this factor is disregarded in the watermaster-plan.
the total number of settlements required per division foreach period of five years follows from dividing the"farming population resettling in development areas" (seetable VII.5) by the above initial agricultural population;
the first settlement to be established in an area will bethe areal centre followed by agricultural villages.However, the fifth, ninth and thirteenth settlements to beestablished will be local centres.
The results are listed in table VII.10. Between 1976 and 1991 atotal of 34 areal centres, 79 local centres and 323 agricult-ural villages in development areas will have to be equippedwith an adequate water supply.
In order to use the water supply, being one of the facilitiesand utilities, which must be provided as a factor to stimulatemigration to the new development areas a piped water supplysystem is recommended.
As argued already in section III.3 the provision of water asas integral part of development of the new areas, and in viewof the priority assigned to this development, requires that thewater supply to new settlements in these areas receives absolutepriority and is realized at the time the settlement is esta-blished. The same reasoning applies to the other facilities andservices foreseen, of course.
Nett human water consumption can be estimated for theabove type of centres in keeping with the criteria proposedin sub-section V.3.5 ^at an average 35.7 m /day forareal centres, 27.9 m /day for local centres, and16.0 m /day for agricultural villages.The total designcapacity of a scheme should be determined by addition to theseamounts of the waterconsumption of cattle, if applicable,and a fair margin for spillage and other water losses. Seefurther Technical Annex G, "Civil engineering".
114
Table VII.10 Number and types of concentrated settlements tobe established in development areas during thewater master-plan period.
district of
KAHAMADakamaKahamaMsalalaMweli
SHINYANGAKishapu northNindo
BARIADIItilimaNtuzu
MASWAMeatu northMwagalaNung'huSengerema
REGION (total)
number and
1976-1981A
1
5
6
L
15
15
type of concentrated
V
1
58
59
1981A
61
1
1
12
1111
16
-1986L V
201
1
2
3
11
29 1
786
4
6
215
6311
22
settlements
1986-1A
118
11
12
L
2
26
4
21
35
991V
782
101
116
34
142
A = areal centreL = local centreV = agricultural village
115
Appendix 1. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR WARD HEADQUARTERS(Selection of villages to be interviewed separately)
1. What are the names of all the villages in this ward?
1 16
2 17
3 18
4 19
5 20
6 21
7 22
8 23
9 24
10 25
11 26
12 2 7
13 28
14 29
15 30
2. In which village is the waterneed (INTERVIEWER) Only ONE village:
most urgent?
3. Compared to the other villages in
ward, would you say that the num- 1. Very large 2. Large 3. Medium,
ber of inhabitants in this villa- 4. Small,
ge is :
4. Which village has the largest (INTERVIEWER) Only ONE village
population growth?
5. Compared to the other villages
this ward, would you say that the 1. Very large 2. Large 3. Medium
number of inhabitants in this 4. Small 5. Very small,
village is:
6. Which village has the most facili- (INTERVIEWER) Only ONE village
ties located within a concentration?
7. Compared to the other villages in
this ward, would you say that the 1. Very large 2. Large 3. Medium
number of inhabitants in this 4. Small 5. Very small,
village is:
116
8. Which village is entirely Ujamaa or contains Ujamaa subvillages?
Village Subvillage
1 1
2
2 1
2
3 1
2
117
Appendix 2. GENERAL QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ALL VILLAGES
(To be completed at Ward headquarters)
Name of the vil lage Name of the ward.
1. Yes 2. No1. Is there a school in the village?
a. If yes, number of standards or
forms?
b. Is the school isolated or part of
a concentration? 1. Isolated 2. In concentration
c. does the school get it's water from? 1. A piped supply 2. Borehole
3. Cistern 4. Well 5. Rainstorage
tank 6. Other
d. Which of these sources are out of
order?
2. Is there in the village:
1. A hospital 1. Yes (number of beds ) 2. No
2. A health centre 1. Yes (number of beds ) 2. No
3. A dispensary with clinic 1. Yes (number of beds ) 2. No
4. A dispensary without clinic 1. Yes 2. No
a. If any of these are present, are
they isolated or part of a concen-
tration? 1. Isolated 2. In concentration
b. Where do they get their water from? 1. A piped supply 2. Borehole
3. Cistern 4. Well 5. Rainstorage
tank 6. Other
c. Which of these sources are out of
order?
3. Is the village: 1. Completely scattered
2. Scattered concentrations
3. Mainly concentrated
4. Is the village a tradingcentre?
5. Is the village connected to a piped
supply?
6. Is there a dam within or sufficient-
ly near to the village for people
to make use of it?
a. Do people use it for human drink-
water?
7. How many cemented wells are there?
8. How many boreholes are there?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
2. No
2. No
2. No
2. No
Number not used.
Number not used.
118
9. How many rainstorage tanks? Number not used.
10.Is there a missionpost in the
village area? 1. Yes 2. No
119
Appendix 3. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR UJAMAA VILLAGES
Name of the Ujamaa village Provisional number.
Name of the ward Name interviewer. . .
Name of the district Function informant.
Subvillage of Date interview
1. In which year was this Ujamaa village established?
2. Of how many people did the Ujamaa village consist
at the date of it's establishment?
3. Of how many people does the village consist at
present?
4. Which activities are undertaken 1. Agriculture
cooperatively? 2. Livestock
3. Other; mention which
5. If agriculture is done cooperatively, how large
was the area reserved for collective farming at
the date of the establishment? acres
6. How large is this collective farming area at
present? acres
7. If livestock is collectively managed how large
was the communal herd at the date of establishment? heads
8. How large is the collective herd at present? heads
9. If the number of people of the
Ujamaa village decreased since
the date of establishment, what
would you say is it's reason?
10. If the number of acres or heads
of cattle decreased since the
date of it's establishment,
what would you say to be the
reason?
11. If the Ujamaa village has not
yet reached it's final, planned acres
size, of how many acres and/or
of how many heads of cattle and heads of cattle
of how many people should the
village consist when this goal people
has been reached?
- 120
12. Does the Ujamaa village make 1. Yes
yearly use of fertilizers? 2. No
13. Does the Ujamaa village make 1. Yes
yearly use of insecticides? 2. No
14. If the answer to questions 12
and 13 is NO, explain why insec-
ticides and/or fertilizers ,
are not used yearly1. ,
15. What would you say are some of
the main obstacles that this
village faces in it's way
towards Ujamaa?
1 2 1
Appendix 4 . VILLAGE QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of the village Provisional number.
Name of the ward Name interviewer. . .
Name of the d i s t r i c t Function informant.
Date interview
Form checked by Remarks.
Check date
Qualification G.Lang
Number of inhabitants,
A. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
1. How many hundred cell-leaders are there in this village? ,
2. How many ten cell-leaders are there in this village?
(including the hundred cell-leader)
3. What are the names of the subvillages; how many tencel1-leaders has
each subvillage; what is the number of households in each ten cell?
Names Subvillages Number of cellleaders Number of H.H.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS
122
4. Which of the following facilities
numb.)
1. Gov't Primary School
2. Other school
3. Number of standards or
forms
4. Dispensary with clinic
5. Dispensary no clinic
6. Health centre
7. Hospital (number of beds )
8. Police station
9. Post office
10.Railway station
ll.Tanu headquarters
12.Village training centre
13.Marketplace
14 . Shops (number )
15.Hotel
16.Restaurant
17.Bar
18.Petrol pump
19.Garage
20.Agricultural repair shop
are there in this village? (Circle the
21. Cotton buying post
22. Cotton primary society
23. Cotton ginnery
24. Flour mill
25. Other industries (which?
26. Cattle market
27. Cattle weight bridge
28. Cattle crush
29. Cattle holding ground
30. Veterinary centre
31. Mosque temple or church
32. Mission post
33. Cattle dip
34. Ujamaa village.
(if Ujamaa sub village:
Name of the subvillage(s))
5. Is the village situated on?
6. How many cooperative societies
are there in this village?
7. Is the settlement completely
scattered or are there some
concentrations of houses and
facilities?
8. Are the facilities within a con-
centration of houses or are they
mainly separated from these con-
centrations?
9. How many people OR households
have moved into the village?
1. Railroad
2. Mainroad
3. Secondary road
1. Completely scattered
2. Some concentration in subvillages
3. Most houses concentrated in one
location.
1. They are a part of a concentration
2. They are isolated from concentra-
tions .
People
1970 plus
1971 plus
Households
123
10. Why have they come into this
village?
1. For new shambas
2. For good grazingland
3. For water (human consumption)
4. For water (animal consumption)
5. Better facilities (mention which)
6. Other (mention which)
11. Where do these people come from? District Ward Village
12. How many people OR households
have moved out of the village?
13. Do the young people here stay
in the village or are they most-
ly leaving the village after
adulthood?
People Households
1970 plus ,
plus
1. All stay in the village
2. Majority stays in the village
3. Some stay in the village
C. AGRICULTURE
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19,
What are the maincrops in the vil-
lage? ASK FOR THE ORDER OF IMPORTAN-
CE I
Which crops are cultivated in order
to be sold?
Which crops are grown for food?
What is the most common type of
cultivation? (Only one answer)
How many tractors are there in the 1.
village? 2.
To whom do these belong? 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hoe cultivation
Ox and plough
Tractor and plough
None
Individually owned
Group of families
Co-operative
Contractor
124
20. How many farmers use manure?
21. For which crops mainly?
1. None
2. Few
3. Majority
22. How many farmers use fertilizers? 1. None
2. Few
3. Majority
23. Which kind mainly? 1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphate
3. Other
24. For which crops mainly? 1. Nitrogen:
25. Where do they obtain these from?
26 If farmers use fertilizers what is
on the average the quantity used
per acre?
27. How many farmers use insecticides? 1.
28. For which crops mainly?
29. Where do they obtain these from?
30. If farmers use insecticides what
is on the average the quantity
used per acre?
31. What is the average size of land
under crop of one household?
32. Of all land in use by one house-
hold how much is left fallow each
year?
33. What is the size of the smallest
farm in this village?
34. What is the size of the largest
farm in this village?
35. Do farmers use improved seeds?
2. Phosphate:
3. Other.
ki los
None
Few
3. Majority
acre
, % OR .acre
.acre
.acre
1. None
2. Few
3. Majority
125
36. For which crops mainly?
37. Of the average size of land used 1. Cash crops acres
by one household, how much is 2. Foodcrops acres
planted with cashcrops, how much
with food?
38. Is there enough land available for 1. No, there is a shortage
agriculture? 2. There is enough but not abundant
3. There is sufficient land
4 . Remarks :
39. How is the quality of the soil? 1. Good
2. Medium
3. Bad
40. If bad, for what reason? 1. Stays flooded too long
2. Rocky
3. Shallow soil
4. Poor fertility
41. Can you describe the main types of
soils found within the village
area?
INTERVIEWER: MENTION IN SEQUENCE ,
OF IMPORTANCE:
42. Does water stay on the field for 1. Yes
more than 3 days after heavy 2. Occasionally
rains? 3. No
43. If water stays on the field what
is approximately the acreage of
this flooded area in this vil-
lage?
44. Which credit facilities are used 1. Bank 2. Mobile bank 3. Money
by the farmers in this village? lender 4. Co-operative 5. None
45. For which purposes are these 1. Agriculture
credits used? 2. Cattle
3. Other
46. Suppose that farmers in this 1. To buy more cattle
2. To obtain more land
3. To buy fertilizers/insecticides
4. To get an additional wife
5. To buy articles like a transis-
tor, bicycle or corrugated iron
6. Save it
Suppose that farmers in this
village would suddenly earn con-
siderably more cash than they have
been doing until present, what do
you think they would use this
money for?
126
D. LIVESTOCK
47. How many farmers have cattle in
this village?
48. How large is the average herd of
cattle in this village?
49. Has the number of cattle increased
or decreased during the last
years?
50. Where do people graze their live-
stock?
51. If outside the village, why?
1.2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
100%75%
50%
25%
Less than 25%
5 - 1 0 heads
10 - 20 heads
20 - 40 heads
Larger than 40 heads
Increased
Decreased
More or less the same
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
52. Do people regularly sell cattle
for commercial reasons?
53. Where is in general cattle belon-
ging to fanners in this village
sold?
54. If cattle is grazed outside the
village, what is the distance of
the grazingland to the village?
1. Near their shambas 1.
2. Outside village 2.
Lack of grazing land in village
Lack of water
Other reasons
Most of them do
Some do
Nobody does
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
.miles .miles
127
E. WATER
55. Where does the water for human consumption come from in this village?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
WET SEASON Number
River or Stream
Spring
Natural lake or pond
Handdug waterhole in river-
bed
Handdug waterhole else
Well
Borehole(s)
Pumpsupplies from river
and stream
Lake with dam
Charcos
Rainstorage tanks
Cistern
PaddyfieId
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
DRY SEASON Number
River or Stream
Spring
Natural lake or pond
Handdug waterhole in river-
bed
Handdug waterhole else
Well
Borehole(s)
Pumpsupplies from river
and stream
Lake with dam
Charcos
Rainstorage tanks
Cistern
Paddyfield
56. Which watersupply is used by most WET SEASON DRY SEASON
people in this village?
INTERVIEWER: Code numbers from list in previous question and mention only
one source for each season!
57. What would you say is the distance WET SEASON source: mile
of this watersource to the centre DRY SEASON source: mile
of the village?
58. Which of the constructed water-
sources are out of order? INTER- WET SEASON
VIEWER Code numbers from list
in Q. 55.
59. Is there in general enough water WET SEASON
for human consumption available 1. Yes
throughout the year? 2. No
60. What do the villagers think about
the quality of the drinking water? WET SEASON
1. Good
2. Reasonable
3. Bad
DRY SEASON
DRY1.
2.
DRY
1.
2.
3.
SEASONYes
No
SEASON
Good
Reasonable
Bad
128
61. Do people from other villages
make use of the same watersour-
ces?
62. Is there enough water for cattle
in this village?
63. If there is not enough water for
cattle, how far is cattle being
driven to drink?
64. Have people in this village made
an official request for an im-
provement of their watersupplies?
65. If so, what was the reaction of
the authorities?
1. No
2. Yes; which villages?
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
1. Yes 1. Yes
2. No 2. No
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
miles miles
1. Yes
2. No
1. New installation under construc-
tion
2. New installation promised
3. Authorities visited the village
4. No reaction.
129
Appendix 5. WATER CONSUMPTION QUESTIONNAIRE
(To be used for the interview of household)
Name of the v i l l age . .
Name of the ward
Name of the district.
Form checked by
Check date
Final control
Provisional number..
Name of interviewer.
Function informant..
Date interview
Remarks
1. What kind of containers doadults in your household useto carry water?
IF OTHER THAN A DEBE IS USED ASK:
1. debe2. bucket*3. gourd*4. pot*
5. skin*6. no adults
carry water7. no children
carry water
How many of these containers are needed to fill a debe?(INTERVIEWER: If farmer does not know, you examine
the container and make an estimate yourself) .
2. What kind of containers use 1.children in your household 2.to carry water 3.(code answer from list in Q. 1.) 4.
* IF OTHER THAN A DEBE IS USED ASK:
5.
7.
1 .2 .
1 .2 .
YesNo
YesNo
How many of these containers are needed to fill a debe?(INTERVIEWER: If farmer doesnot know, you examine
the container and make an estimate yourself.
3. Do men in your household evencarry water?
4. Does your household get waterfrom another source in thedry season (chu) than in thewet season (kiduku)?
5. Why do you get water fromfrom another source in thein the dry season (chu)?
6. How many trips do members ofyour household make daily tothe water source
1. Wet season source dries up2. Wet season source becomes
polluted (diseased)3. Wet season source becomes salty
or other bad quality (dirty,bad, taste, etc.)
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
130
7. How much water is brought backon each trip
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
LNTERVIEWER: Estimate theequivalent in debes if othercontainers are used.
How many people and whichpeople go along on each trip
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
9. When did the farmer beginusing the wet season sourcelast year
10. When will the farmer probablystop using this source thisyear
11. What kind of source do you getyour water from?
12. How far is the source of yourwater from your house(in miles one way)
WET
0 =
1 =
2 =3 =
4 =
5 =
6 =7 =
8 =
WET
0 =1 =
2 =
3 =
4 =
5 =6 =7 =8 =
SEASON DRY
flowing waterriver or streamhanddug holein river orstream bedspringnatural lakeor pondhand dug wellor water hole(no pump)hand dug wellwi th pumpbore holetap on villagewater supplysystemother
SEASON DRY
don't knowless than 100yards100 yards to kmile% mile to \mile% mile to 1mile1 to 2 miles2 to 3 miles3 to 5 milesover 5 miles
SEASON
01
23
4
5
67
8
SEASON
01
2
3
4
5678
131
13. How long it takes to walk fromyour house to the water source
14. Which water use usuallyconsumes the largest amountof water in your household
15. Which water use usually consu-mes the second largest amountof water in your household(code answer from list inprevious question)
16. Do you have to contribute anylabour or pay any money for theuse and upkeep of your watersupply
17. Would you say that the wateryou use for drinking is ofgood quality, bad quality or isin between good and bad
18. What is wrong that yourwater is not good quality
WET SEASON DRY
12345678
= under 5 min.= 5 to 10 min.= 10 to 15 min.= 15 to 30 min.= 30 min. to 60= 1 to 1^ hrs.= 1% to 2% hrs.= over 2\ hrs.
WET SEASON DRY
012
345
678
= drinking= cooking= washing uten-
sils
SEASON
12345678
SEASON
012
= washing clothes3= bathing babies= bathing adults
and children= animals= house building= irrigation
WET SEASON DRY
012345678
WET SEASON DRY
1
2
YES; explainwhat you do
NO
WET SEASON DRY
123
= good= bad= in between
WET SEASON DRY
1234
5
dirtysaltydiseasedpolluted byanimalsother, specify
45
678
SEASON
012345678
SEASON
1
2
YES; explainwhat you do
NO
SEASON
123
= good= bad= in between
SEASON
1234
5
dirtysaltydiseasedpolluted byanimalsother specify
132
19. Do you do anything to yourwater before you drink it
(I I answer is NO, continue wiLhnext question 21)
20. Why don't you do anything toyour water
21. Where do members of yourhousehold usually bathe
22. How long does it take to walkto the bathing place fromyour house (one way)
23. On the average, how many timesper week do the adults childrenand babies in your householdtake a bath
WET SEASON DRY
1 YES1 = boil2 = allow to sett
-le3 = add dawa4 = other; speci-
fy
2 NO
WET SEASON DRY
1 water goodno need
2 no time3 too expensive4 nothing can bedone to make thewater better
5 don't know howto improve water
0 At home withwater carried tothe house
1 River or stream2 Handdug hole in
river or streambed
3 Natural lake orpond
SEASON
1 YES12
3.4
2 NO
SEASON
1
234
5
0
12
3
4 hand dug well or4waterhole (nopump)
5 hand dug wellwith pump
6 bore hole7 tap on village8 other
WET SEASON DRY
l=less than 5 min.2=5 to 10 min.3=10 to 15 min.4=15 to 30 min.5=30 to 60 min.6=1 to X3j hrs.7=l^hrs to 2!jhrs8=over 2\ hrs9=other; specify
WET SEASON DRY
1= no times2= once3= twice4= three times
5
678
SEASON
123456789
r SEASON
1234
133
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
5= four times 56= five times 67= over five times78= other, specify 8
24. Are there problems that preventmembers of your household frombathing as often as they want
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
25. Does your water supply everfail in the dry season so thatyour household doesn't haveall of the water you need
26. How often does it fail?
1 Yes, what are they 11= not enough water 12= too far to carry 2
water3= too far to walk 34= not enough time 45= other, specify 5
2 NO2 NO
0 Yes
1 No
1. Every year or nearly every year2. About every other year3. About 1 year in every 3 years4. Less often than one year in 35. Other; specify
27. How long does this period ofwater shortage usually last?
1. less than 1 month2. 1 to 2 months3. 2 to 3 months4. 3 to 6 months5. 6 to 9 months6. other specify.
28. How long does it take to driveyour cattle to where they getwater (one way).
WET SEASON
1. under 30 min.2. 30 to 60 min.3. 1 hr. to 2 hrs.4. 2 to 4 hrs.5. 4 to 6 hrs.6. 6 to 8 hrs.7. over 8 hrs.
DRY SEASON
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.
29. Is there always enough waterfor the cattle
WET SEASON
0 Yes1. No2. Other, specify
DRY SEASON
01.2.
134
30. Do you have to do any work orpay any money to maintain thissource
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
0 Yes; explain 0what
1. No 1.
31. How many families are therewithin the same householdgroup
32. Composition of the household group. List:
No. Function Sex Age Remarks
33. How long has the householdgroup been living within thevillage area
34. Where did it come from
35. Why did it come to this place
years
Village .WardDistrict
36. How many babies were born inthis household group in 19 71
37. How many people died in thishousehold group in 19 71
38. How many houses are thereon the compound of thehousehold group includingbarns.
Males FemalesFirst
familySecond
familyThird
family
Males ..
Females
Age
Age
135
Appendix 6. WATER CONSUMPTION QUESTIONNAIRE(To be used for interviews at the source)
Name of the village : Form checked by :
Name of the interviewer : Check date :
Date of the interview : Coding Date .
Interviewee: Adult collecting water at source.Introduction: Explain to the interviewee that the water supply in Shinyanga
Region is a problem and needs to be improved. To find outwhat the situation is here, we would like to ask some ques-tions about the water supply of your household group.
1.
2.
3.
Age
Sex
Level of education: 00000
NoneStandard I/IVStandard V/VIIIForm I-IIHigher than form II
4. How many families are there in your householdgroup:
5. What is the composition of the householdgroup?
No adults No children No babies (0/1 y)
Fami ly I
Family II
Family III
Total
6. Have you never lived in a village other than this one: Yes/No
7. Why have you migrated:
8. What is your occupation: 0 FarmerO ShopkeeperO0 Cotton0 CerealsO
9. What is your main crop:
10. How far have you travelled to this water source?Don't knowLess than 100 yardsO 100 yards to k mileO i to 5 mileO *j to 1 mileO 1 to 2 milesO 2 to 3 milesO 3 to 5 milesO 5 miles and more0 other:
136
11. Do you use the water you get here for drinking? Yes/No.
12. Which other water sources do you use during the dry season?
For drinking water For other purposes
None
River/stream
Spring
Natural lake/pond
Handdug waterhole in
Handdug waterhole elsewhere
Ring-well
Borehole
Pumpsupply or stream from river
Dam
Storage tank
Paddyfield
Tap
13. Do you use any other water source during the wet season?
For drinking water For other purposes
None
River/stream
Spring
Natural lake/pond
Handdug waterhole in r iver bed
Handdug waterhole elsewhere
Ring-well
Pumpsupply or stream from river
Dam
Storage tank
Paddyfield
Tap
14. If you use any other sources, why do you do this?
137
15. Is there any water source closer to your home than this one? Yes/NoIf yes, why don't you use that one?0 Polluted (diseased)0 Salty/dirty/bad taste0 Crowded0 Difficult to use0 Other:
16. Why do you use this one?
0 Close to home0 Good water0 Not crowded0 Easy to use0 Others: . .
NOTE
If more answers are given, list inorder of importance.
17. Which two of the following water sources do you prefer, and whyRiver/streamSpringNatural lake/pondHanddug waterhole in river bedHanddug waterhole elsewhereRing-wellBoreholePumpsupply from river streamDamStorage tankPaddyfieldTap
18. How often do you come to this water source? To get howmany debes per day?
19. Why don't you come more often?(not necessary/too far/have to work in fields/others:
20. What are you going to do/have you done today?
21. What is your opinion about the quality of the water of this source:
Dry season Wet season
GoodFairBad
22. Do you do anthing to your water before you drink it?(No/yes, boil/yes, allow to settle/yes, add dawa/yes, other: )
23. Do you think this village needs a new water supply? Yes/No.
24. If yes, of what kind? (well/borehole/pumpsupply from river/stream/damstorage tank/other: )
25.
26,
(a) Would you work for a week to construct it? (Yes/No/don't know)(b) If water here became very scarce, and you knew that there was an
abundance of it in a village nearby, would you go and live there?(Don't know/may be/yes/no).
Does the head of your household ever buy water?(Regularly/occasionally/never)If yes from whom?When, and for what reason do you buy water? ...,What is the price per debe?
138
27. What members of your householdgroup carry water daily, and how manytimes?
Men: age Men: times Women: age Women: times Chidren: times1 :2:3:
4:
28. What is the time they spend walking from your home to here?
hours minutes.29. At what time of the day do the household members usually go to carry
water?
Morning from toAfternoons from toEvenings from to
30. How much water did the following family members bring YESTERDAY?
Number debes Number litres NOTE: If no debes wereused, examine
Number men containers &Number women give estimatedNumber children number of litresTotal
31. Do members of your household use carts, bicycles or animals to carrywater?
Type of transport:
AlwaysSometimesNever
32. What type of storage do you use for drinking water?
33. Which water uses consume the largest and second largest amount of car-ried water in your household?
Wet season Dry season
DrinkingCookingWashingBathingAnimalsHousing/buildingIrrigationOthers :
34. Where do members of your household usually bathe?
Wet season Dry season
At homeAt traditional sourceAt modern sourceDistance miles yards
139
35. What work do you have to do or amount of money to pay for the use andupkeep of your water supply?Wet season 'Dry season
36. Does your water supply ever fail during the dry season, so that yourhousehold doesn't have all the water they need?(never/occasionally/regularly)
37. How often does it fail? times in the dry season
38. If a good and constant water, supply for the cattle was nearby inanother village, would you go and live there? (Yes/No).
141
Appendix 7.
EXPLANATION
RESULTS OF VILLAGE QUESTIONNAIRE
GEHEPAV CODEO-NOT ANSWEREDl -YES2-NO9-NOT RELEVANT
PRINT COLUMN .LINE QUESTION KEY TO COOING
9I 0
10II
H12
121 3
13
NAME OF VILLAGECODE NUMBERWARD
NAME OF DISTRICT
GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLUJAHAA VILLAGEOTHER THAN GOVT.PRIN. SCHOOLPOPULATION S H E
D1SPFNSARY WITH CLINICTOTAL PRIORITY SCORE
DISPENSARY WITHOUT CLINICLOCATION OF VILLAGE
HEALTH CENTRETYPE OF SETTLEMENT
SEE APi5. 8
1.-SHINVAVGA
HOSPITALIMMIGRATION DURING LASTTWO YEARS
POLICE STATIONEMIGRATION DURING LASTTWO YEARSPOST OFFICE
CROPS
2 RAILWAY STATION1 HOST COMHOW TYpe OF
CULT!VAT 1 OH
2 TANU O F M C E1 NUMBER OF TRACTORS 1H THE
VILLAGE
VILLAGE TRAINING CtNTRE
3-K/IHAT'iA-B/R1/•[•.!GENERAL COOE-GEMERAl CODEGENER/U CODt0-NOT ANSWERED1-0 TO 400 PEOPLE2 - 4 0 ) TO 600 PEOPLE3-MORE THAN 800 PEOPLE-GENERAL CODE0-NOT L5TERMINED
EXACT NUMBERGENERAL CODE0-NOT ANEWFREDI -AT RAILROAD2-GN ALL-WEATHER ROAD3-ON OTHER ROAD4-L • 25-\ + 3GENERAL CODE0-NOT ANSWEREO\-COMPL£TELY SCATTERED2-PARTLY OR MAINLY CONCENTRA-
TED WITH POPULATION OF NOTMORE THAN 400 PECPLE IX ' T 2
3-PARTLY OR MAINLY CONCENTRA-TED WITH POPULATION OF HCRETHAN AOO PEOPLE IN 1972
GENERAL CODE0-NONE
- EXACT NUMBER9 9 8 - 9 9 8 PEOPLE OR MORE999-NOT AHSWEREDGENERAL CODEA$ COLUMN q LINE I
GENERAL CODE0-NOT ANSWEREDl-COTTOX ONLY2-COTTON ANU NAIZfc3-COTTCH AND RIC£i|-COTTO»:,HAIZE ANP RICE5-KA1ZE OWLY6-MAI Z£ AND RICE
7-RICfc ONLYGENERAL CODE0-NOT ANSWERED1-HOE2-OX AHL PLOUGH3-TRACTCS AND PLOUGHGENERAL CODE0-NOT ANSWERED1-7EXACT NUMBER6 - 8 OR WKB9-NONEGENERAL CODE
EXPLANATION continued
142
PRINT COLUMN LINE QUESTION
14 1 MOW PANY FAP.fCFS U U
KEY TO CODING
C-.N1T tNShH
IA
1 5
l fc
t-vf.'tcz- s i z e ' . r L / - ' J C U \ P C PCHOP F!> HCU5KI-CI.(: -F.X4CT
! 7Y nF .THf STIL
y f - < r-F
tlOTCL C E M L V A I . C.C'JEn V A I l / l ' . l L I T Y Cr AGFICULTUFiL O-NTT /• (;.'.'«.'«•LAND > -Sh : -TAb t
7-JLST 511 r r I (
C t N t f A L COOEC - N C T A^sv ( : ;ul-GCCOr-VF.0 IUM
i 718 DC FAR^SS USE EXTRA.
. V FOR
G ' N ' - ' L CPPt:C-NCT ANSWfrit--')1 - 7 0 oL'Y MTUf" C.tTTLf-2 - T t.i K 'TA IN \0W: l ^ C2 - F E .< T I L T 7 ' ; ! : ? / I •>• 5.r f T I C I r F S
I ?P'TPCL PUMPHOW MiNY FARIhF'S HAVE CATTLF
O>:NEL--'.L CODEf -^CT ANS«eR'D. ....i — 1 C C ?2- 75 *? - 5^ J5
f - l r SS THAN ? " S '6-NC1 F/F.V.fsS I N V I U A ' J E
21
2 1
CR V£hICLtS)AVEKAGi. HFSD f.F CATTLE "
23
SHCPHAS iHfc NLMObS CF CfTTLEINCrT. tS!0 Gr CCCFE^SEO OVFRTHt LAST YEARS
CHTTCK BUYING FCST.<HCrL L"O FtOfLE GF.AZF TrtFIF.HVtSTCCK
C I l T K N P N I K A K Y SCCUTY15 LIVESTOCK
.IDfc VILL'GE
G E \ _ ^ £ L(,-^OT t) - 5 If> - i <" T"."? - ? r TO«-»•<>• F9-NOT kf UNflvf-Lf.-NCT fc
CODEN S w E R E ! )
' 0 HTAOS? 0 H !• A C4 0 H f A C
T M A \ '. •iL F V A N T
C 0 D FNSKERtD
i-CCCUFASCO2_)Kr.i<':9---10T K
CFAFF-tLO-NCT AJ - ' J C A F
? - C U T « '
C7 Lr. SSF LE.VANT
CGOF" S v . • F t 0
Cf V l L L '
s
riF APS
T l i > " SA«?
i.LiiF. T H, ' I cny 5^ ASTN
3 - W ( T S r A S ' " " , : M f / I - S H t - M T f i
[ ) t y « F ; C " N : C L T 5 I C - . ' V ! l L A C ; r
4 - 4 F T S t A S l I N 1 : i . l . i T ' . I f ' V I L L A C ?
O ^ Y f - : t 5 C \ : N ' A - V l ' . L A l - f
I ' - l • ?••-Mi." -ELiVANTCiNtRAl COI.'f
l - ' -HI . KTAGF CF LtNC
J - i • I'' - 0 ! t-1 A i ••• i
CCTTCM
EXPLANATION continued
143
PRINT COLUMN
2620
?. 7
LINE
1
QUESTION
r. i i i . i f 'C re- r f .TTLi ' r : i »I <\L •"? AM.NS
HLOUr. M I L LO ' O L L I T l ;'=• Of F A C I l . I T I t t r C rA M . V . ' L HUSi iANORY.FCR PPFSJNCJSHE L I N E I
/ • . V M L - H I L ITY CF n i ^ A L
HUSb iVU i^Y F AC I L i T I F A C C C P D I \ G
Ti.. L R T IP R ^ ' N C h r p s u r r s,,ov,|.; |: r.iF £ H r ^ c ^l.C T - Ll 11..". 1 II M - r . P ' U T I C N FRC" iit-PZi hF.AC-
Ci'-Ot Li. T T£r f.FI T I - I S , FOP
KEY TO CODING
r - v 7 .i*.r.,t\ «r M'•• - " Y !•'. i 5 T I M i l • i ; Mr' •;*;7 - r Y ^ I >•• r I . / T M • r ,->;. • £,
< " - M 7 I LI I V.M-.TCr \ t - M CO:":'f - C •' "T L ; k \ i KLT!'-•:•• TT i . r - ••••'. i o - n . ° . U ! C PC.-C/ r T L F C K U C I :l - - C A 7 T l t M i l r I M ^ Cf C.U.'.D
v - v > i f ' i : j A = v r. t v T i - r
L - t / - T I L t D I P(.: '.'! v e L C?nr
G T N L ( - * L COr.rr - \ r 7 t^s»i!-' r i;!i5 . - 1 TC 5; - >5 T f 1 ' .
7 - v i . K t T M A M 1 ?
< - . ' < f f Ec - ' v . . T ! - - f l . r V A N T f .R U ' J N : - . ' ' W . N
>•-• ' • . b.:'.Jc- , T , v c i r r »•• C H L J F C h
Y - < - ' I f . 5 . I " r . F f 5 T
z - r . T i • £ • • ; •.••; i . ' . ' t 1 e 5
Gi'«';t COOE• G TL" L U . C 1• A T r "
IN KCT S c i S r N J - T i-..'. C I T I •" V L L 5 L P P t. YT -wFLL. - -P IPFC SUPPLYA - l • 2
2 9
... . .30
30
.......? l
.32
32
Sr.U-CTS F'."^ H L ^ f t XATf.nCUNSUMi'TION IN DF.Y JfASCN« H : C M VsATtK SUPPLY 13 U f foY "i(.ST t\"GPLc IN THT V>£TSEAiCN
ATES SUPPLY IS USEC,,Y w e n PFCPLt" IK ThC DRY
OIST'MCfc FRC^ C L M R E OFVILLAGL TC WATE^ SUPPLYFkEvOl l .TLY LSF.D IN T i l t nETSE^SCN
DISTANCL FFCf CEM(• £ OFV 1 L L / G I TC « H T ; F SUCPLY T S Tf-P.l'^UfcMLY USFT JN THE OPYj t . A SINIS ThCP-t IN GEN;:CtL ENCUGHWATi f F f t . hUVAK CfNSUHPTlCNIN Thb V.E-T S r«Cf.NIS T h r h t IN C - M P / l r.'JOUGh
111 ThT l ^ Y 5F»SCNPLQPLEb C P I M C N CN CUALHYOr (CJ f .K lNG V.AT1.P- IN THfWf:T SEASON
P(OPLFS C P I M C N CN C'JALITYOf IiP INKING »ATEF. IN THEOHY Sf. ASUN
6 - ? • 37- i » ? » ?r - C T h - K TYPRS (.T «I IP PLYSf:E L I ' . E 1
0 - M " T iKSV^^F. : )? - H SFf C".""!I''O C' ILLJMI ' I
;•; t I K F iC - K L T P:.7"LIVA\'T
Sr= L!KE I
C - N ( . T bUT »'??<*)
1-LF5S Th»N 3 MILE?-'. TC ?. *« iL tS? - 3 TC 5 ^ I L r SA - !i T C • 7 •' I L E S?- " ( . ! • f Th.'-N 7 M I L t
St E. LI/ iF T
OfNEHAL CODE
Gf NtKAL C'T.'t-
f-NfJT 4KSI
? - K ;SCN-*BLf•»-KALSLE L I N t 1
144
EXPLANATION continued
PRINT COLUMN LINE
..... 33 . .2
3 5
36 .
37 /;
.37
QUESTION
I j 'ihCKT I N C f N r ^ A i : : i , r uCHK'ATl.:C FUU CATTLI": / . v m . A l i L h I NTHIS- V U L A C - IN T M Vgf.T SEASINIS T H I K ' . IN tjFNf.B/.L CNCUGHifATLt H:'.< CAUL! - A V / K M i L E I NTHIS V i l L * C ~ IN THF \iR Y S3ASCNu n i C i . ' . L t.[ :.;L'LST SL i 'M ITT -DFDP. IwH\ iTVL v : : t i7 CH hiTCRSUPPLYf.^ACTlCM uf A U I H C M T I 2 S TO• i r r i c i ^ L K:: ;u-cr re L I N H x
" I i iRATION SURPLUS ACCn?CINGT.T CljLUMijS 0 AND 10S-Lc AI.SL LINE 2CJ:)C M:K V I C A T I C N SURPLUS
1 t M 1 OP..' TICK IN PEPC;NT«CEPC I NTS IJF PCBULAT1CN
IGN IN PERCENTAGEPOINTS. '...'F POPULATIONL I . i E .NUMBER . . . ._..
LINfc NUMBER -
KEY TO COOING
(.•7Uf v; L ""-i:ii
C-MOT
? - ^ t F i r . ' A L V I S I T TO ViLLAGf"i . -N r j '-. rAf. T1CN6 - 7 cr- ' .UITl ' . lNS TC LE "CT
<5-'J>jC-NO
-EX
3-N'J<•• - . % ' . •
C - = 7
SI2F
X
2
T ( c.MIC
ACT
T i-T
L I N E
Ll-VAN
T.-/.T1C
L E V A NC T i-.U
i . LEVA,1
T
N CR
T
SURPLUS
F
US)
RESULTS
COLUMN 1
> SHINYANGA DISTRICTNegeii division
. bUGAYVUJGU[ CO'.IF'JR. ?.l!05._
Hv^\^\^L^v. 11109
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
IL..1...2 1 00.3..1....12 2 u P. r H) v 0: 2 2 2. 2 2.
i'i.,1 2 T. 0 0 2.3 .. 12 ._! 5;'.
01 01 1 1 2 V 1 !2 99 1?O 00 0 0 0 0 0
''.01 1 \ 0 120 00 0 . 0 0 0
o r. .r j
•• - ,
• - ; ' *
—. c" ;
*»y. » •
c ' •- '
Ifc. 11113
' : * . 111! . 9. KVIA'O-ITO.. COOf
COlif
'i1^. i l l 20
• i " . U 2 C 5 '.'''"''.'....ILI' l 'MLO . .
1 I TU--
.'. 1TR
.. C0:)=i
~MAL*;
" ;JC i j - '
. cooc
•:».. 11207' • U L U
: MA
UK. 11214
Ml. 1 ': ' f ' i
' :-.. ; 1 3' 2 ~
.. cour
r j-)!
I 5 AS
IMir.C'Jl- '
: • ' '.en.)..
C O TKAl...CUJ-"K! J''-
. C u l l
~<MH.\
.'V-I-VI
MWAMiCOOt'
VR. 11314 . .
• :-M=LTm i . l W-01
• I " . U'»C9. .
•>f ' " "
••5. I l ' i J'L'Lf
-;.J >
» ; ' • . i ) » • : • : . . . .
• ! R . ?! . t " - 7
•' r ' JL''l-UJA"t.£
.R. l l o i oA : J T A "
1* . 11613
1 ^
; j
1?
! 2
12
12
13~
• *
14
- '4
1 -
: 3
: ( .
i t
'. 6
16
i
-T
.1
111212
7
1
1X11
i
i
1
•-
K
^
->
1
211
7
«
7*>
2. 2
7
22i
• * •
X1X222
-,• >
;
7
2•
I
>
\
12
2
2
21
2
?
23
37
.,
2• ;
7
7
J• ' - •
7
?
*J
•
•
7
-
-
-:,
3
.007
007
00
f r .
1or
2f. 0
«:
00
• *-
oc
002
?
ro2
* ' - > ' •
• -
' < •
r.C-
r,t_•<
OC'>
00\
re2
o..:-
CO
.2
2
,
3^323
2
3
2?7
2
2
2
2
•3
7
7
7
2
•5
2
Z
37
32
',
32
?•3
.23
23
2?
3'c•3
• J
A
A
>
1
,?
2
,• >
7
;..
3
a
442
2 ~.... 0 .
2
. . X 3 .2
.'!'.'." 0""2
p. _
— M_
4 1207
" 18"2
0
6.
127
&
7
0 "*>r>
?
1 7
2XXT
7
27i.2
5 3). '2
..' 0..2
1 i
0
7
2 4
2. :•. ? .
. * • • . . .
247
1??
' ". 0 .2
r7
\ f
ir42
;
"' rrt
0 "".'2
^ i
20
2
2
22
7
52
2"4?
.2'22
7
22222-.27
2
2
v7
.2i'ci
22Z2
222
2?• >
7
2
2. 2 . '
22?
27
_ .« ....
5.7
7
;• '... ^
1
2l '22
;•
T
7
7
;" • , - •
- ? -
2.....2...
i7
222
32c2
2
7
C
2c
0
2
L
2\' •
1
31t ;
2
292
1?5
C
2
57
4242&2
1.77
2X
. 2
. 1 .7
7
?
. ' .21
571
7
1
x
11
\7
y
t;_1
7
7
• :
1?
X2
2
C71
r?
. "0.?7
C7
•• 7
>;
. C67
C4
•
" l O•;
C72
C22
057
0 67
c -.
'zc•>.
C77
C-?2
4C7
roA
.2 5X
1
"S/>3?32
7
27
23
. 2.3 .7
. . . t -
?X
7
J2
2i .
* '
"5
7
. .2 '
7
I
7
2 .
222
1
\
. 7...I
?
?
2?2.•t
2
I• "
17•%
\
V1
1
5
1
1
,
\
2?
•«
1
•a
7
X
1
I11
4
c
1
3
1
3
5
r
;
i
1
j .
1
• •
J.
.X
X
?
j n-
. c2
; ^7.
; 5y
- y
"
2
^ -
?
• c2
; ^
. c ,
?; 0
; |5
7
; « ;
2
If.
; S
1; 5 .
]
*,7
2c
2
47
7
2;.77
- - -
>
2
~-
5.
27
c
.2
2J7
i. 22?2
02-,7
1
7
?
7.
.1
_2
227
?
27
•3
;<
<t
p37
47
-,
t-
242
•1
7
7.2
?
1
?1
• >
?
->2"
••>
7
' i
* * l
'7
7
?-
- , •
r{ .
c '
; •
' -
7
7
1
2r.?
7
.<
-
-
1
• •
.
* ,
•• ~
' .
1 "3J.
c",c-,c,
;
• q
*
s
5
c
?
- • '
. . . ^
c7
C
?
c
?c
••-;7
;
''
z
;c
1
.. 22X2
2i
y
-)
?
\7
7
7
. - . < • - . .
• v7
>;
7
7
7
7
X
7 _iX?1
" • . • ' ' • • ' • ' - .
9 r 1 - - •;
M,ir_y r7 ^ -1". 7 ';
•••".< C "V ( -7 " % , - ;.
vr , r , (VH7 ' ; '. 'J J *
••" 1 " : -; v r;7 •• > 1 7 v
" ' i r - * \ ' C
." ' : "> " - 1V " ^ HV r
1 v -• • •;• .
• ;Cii'/, l• * *. v • ;
• I I - . " •• w r
T ':.•'.£•/• •• - v r. . . . . —, ..' " f.,v"? ^ "' ", : ".
• • ' • r , . v r-1 ; 7 •. - .
* n r . , v r
• -. -.. .- -. ->
1: *• r v y f
IV. / - '.
• • • • ' • " . - i V C
' ' } ' • ' ' ' :
v.rf -/r
•>' r • • v •
* ' \ . ' * 2
•(" r _, v rJ > 7 7 7 7
\1\ZZi.
1
1
-,
;
1
7
• ,
1
<)
'•j
.'J
-1
1
1
1
>
-
9
9
9
1
-
9
'
• ;
9:
1
7
17
X Y /
1 ".• 7
XY '':'-y v ?n -1-.
11 Y 7
< Y '
7 " 7
X Y 7
X v y
v Y 7
*• 7 ".
XY '' 7 ^
\ / '
*' *
V Y '
' " '•
« Y '* • " . "
V v 1
> ~ ~.
X Y '
\ Y 71 -
'1 y 7
'•'. "
< Y :
': ''
XV ?
" * • •
v / '
' * /
X v ;
> 7 "-XY7
22?
0320OS20OS
50
01200120012001
20
0120052005?0
052001?001500320
o92008200120
01200 82 0
01?0OS2 0
0200Oi0 0
0300
01000100010 0
01
00
010001000000
01000)000100010 0
030003000100
0100010001000300
?0i010
702020
0
201010
101
610i0
102010
10
01020
3" 0
1010
10101010
t01010
10
02010
t010I0
2020?010
302010
3010302
0
J010
0
10503030
102020
10\030
0
101010
1010101
0
\01090
10102010
1020J0
10201010
I01010
1010102
0
\0i010
10101010
1010i0
10\01010
u11 7
03
32&2
242
10n2
171
1 22
181
0J03
1 81
122
0303(,1
61
9 S
t271
118t
J99
299
00
9 91
9 91
996
99»1
29999
25
99
0000s
9999
A
00002
99
09-)109032
995
1212X2
:
J21
21
2
121
\7.
11
7
1
?_X• >
X7
1?1.7
I717
2X2
COLUMN 1
Negezi division (continued)1 MALA HUP IMACUJFN*. 11617 ... . .
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
COOf '•
NMDrtMLACU'ie-IK. 11702ISuML'-ANKULA _
. Ct iUf lR. I 1 704
It i M 0 0 1 2. 2 2 2 2 2 2
16 1 2 3 OC' 3 ?
_ 1 <• 2 1 2 2
<» 22 20 22 2
5 X 252 2 \3 1 1 02 2 2
2 12 13 12 2
0?'17 i i I 00 3 1 30 999 2 1 S1 ^ 2 2 1 2 ? 2 2 1 2 2 ?
17 1 J. 1 0 0 3__i 18 2» 4 J 9 i 05? ~2 2 _ 2 _ " 2 ...2....2. .?.. ..; _c.i > .
2 2i l ; 5
3 ?2 24 2
3 ! 1 XY! 08 00! ?:• ' 20 001 XY ? 01 01" ? " 20 00
1 1 2 1 10 0 0 0 0a l z l 20 0 0 0 0
a 99 l2 8 20 0 I3 0 2
9 .? "RCr lVP .? XY? 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 02 ? > 7 J 7 V 7 9 7 7 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 2 " 1 * C H V Q ' XvZ 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 1
_2 _ . ; " " * ; . ' . . . I . ' - ' " 20 oo o o o o
Z 999 99 10 9 99 21 5 99 10 2 2 2
H I
.coriiijs. iieoa."Itwangi diviiion
.. ISHDLOLO.COOf-'iR. ']21C2I SHF'JF.UVACOOC'IK. 1T103JSULT
j 0(1 3 3 63
i i ?. 1 ? 2 21 i i oo 3 l :-n2 2 2 .2 2 2 2
64
492
7 4 1 70). 2 2 12 9 1 iO2 2 2 ."..? "
_?.1.1.1
. .21 1
2 3
2 2j 2
dU'lUMYll
MHUU!
coonia. icii.4:S H I L O L ^ L ICOOI 'JR. 1 7.11 5
. coor'iP. ini6UUTUMit/:CODH'IR. L?J:* ._
CUOL'IK. ir:?.o
o . v j f i R . : Z J O CN Y ; . - ' , I I I ^ ' ; ICi"..Jr 'ir. i r r c -o
cuMfik . :•;::•( 7
CHF-U FI.Iconn IF.. 12 2 c >K10- IA- - IG»H: / - !A-
) ? : : P . U 2 I 0
3?1 1
_ 2.21. 1
21 1
"2 l" J.
2 1? c2 22 *.2 ,:2 z\ z2 22 J2 .1i 7
.2.1 i2
72 1c
.22 1
00 3 3_? 2 2
00 3. 3_«*' 2 2_
00 ? 32 2.?;.
00 3 12 : 2
co 1 i
06" 3' V^ 2 2
00 «• !1 2 2
CO 3 22 2 ?
00 : s
5. 2 12 ? 2
_ 5 4 .12 ? 2
~ c " " 4 " ' x2 2 X1 4 _ 1
_2 _ 2 _ ?C _4 1
""2 '?_">'"1C 4 1
7 2 7' 5 3 1
? 2 2
7
? ; 1jf.
2Z 1i
22 J!1
_22__1
2 ^? ?7 1c *".2 21 3
CO ~ 12 7.L
oc ;. 31 2 ?
or 2 312?
00 1. 31; 7 2
00 1 32 2 i,.
CO 2 12 . 2 . 2 .
.00 .4 . .3_.
2.0
l202
.60 .
21?
2
2 06? 22 C5
. 2 . 2 .? C7
'?. 21 062 2_1 0?.2 21 rg7 25. 04? 7
. .2 04 .'A 22 13
.? 2
3 C i "? 23 C41 2?. 10E ?7 Oft
-CODCWR. J.2211 1 2- . 2 2 2_
. 1C.._.6..._1..
. 2 . - 1 _ 1 .
?. 2. . 2 . CO
.... 2 . 2
3 3 1;C"7." 2 /' 2 3' J.; 52 2 23 7 \;r>1 7 23 ) 1;52 _2 ?1 . 1 . 2 ; ?? p. ?2 j "V'i ^7 . 7. 1
?•'...? . y-
2 ~"'z • ' ? 'I 3 I ; '*7, ~ ?.
\ ' * 1;0 ;
7. ?. •> .7 7 j • o? ) ' 23 ; 5; 0
1 .
l..C2._.J..... ?
a . 1 2 . 1 .
M R C K V 0
7 '. ; 7 •> -
? ? ? ? ? 2;
Mr)CHVt:7 7 7 7 * 7
-> - / 7 ; • "• •<
• :? ; -1"bCIIV""'
^ ^
M°,C"V0- 7 7 •/ ?. >
' ' ? »* '" '
? 7 - 7 7 7
Mr'r.HVr.-? *• -1 '• 7 t
» , . r , i V r
• ' ' • ( ' I V C" *; - 0 "
• ; > • ) ' . * . 7
*• 7 r r 7 7
? ? .i ? " 2M«C!ivr.v 2 ;• 7 7 7M 0 c ••) v n
1
;;
70 '
~j
r>7r\1
7
Q
7
' '07
r
7
c1
1
7
7
I )
7
/ • •
1
XY'
< Y . '
XY21 - - .
<Y7
xy.'
V V '> T _"1 * ' .
v y 7" " .< V 7
3 - J ?
<y ?-•77
V, V /
- • • •
X >' '- , 1 ':
V V '
0 '•- /
V V »
< '• ~
\ v7 ". .
XV '
. ' " "
X Y '
- 7 ?
XYZ
08100 12 0
0 12 00 12 00 22 00 12001200 12 00 12001200120
02200 12 00 4200 8" 00 8200 82005
0500010 0
010 00 10 00 20 00 100m0 00 10 00 10 0Cl0 003
00
020 0010 00100030001CO0 0000 3
2040
10101010
010101010
1010202010101
2020
10101010
010101010
102010
101010
1. .
3030
10
201010
020101020
1030301030102
Z0i0
1.010
"1010
01010
' 1010
1020
a0101010
_ 9
1010
20102010
020101020
20
•-1
01<,10102
. 0
x._
212
1 92
S2
311.5151SI
VJ
35252035I
624161^2
3 62
14.
992
9 92
9 917
9 91
9 91
99s\u0
9 91
9 9l00
992
9 911
V91
999 9
C9 9
75
991
1217
12j21717
7
I?
\
21
II7
7
-,
I7
1c12
.. 1.. 2 - 2 . 1 - 2 . 1 122721 3 i2'_. 2.0 00 0 0 0 0 1 99
COLUMN 1
Itwanoi division (continued)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
M ASr* A 7 ?COOS Mi?.M i T I ' ! ACl'LJ-i'lR.ILUMIL1C JJt-MR.lliilULACii'JtMR.
W I ' L ' V . iC!!fh ' I t .W5HISH1MCCH f iK .I ( j l lPFLHC U O L M R .
nw A'•'•'. '.riG
cu>rM°.IP-JTftCO'Jr. ' i f .!{ltiHt. ILI
! u JL IG'ITcnnL'.'R.T 1 ' i 1 :
C O " ) ! . M R . '
XAS I M O I LC Ji;~'l J..SlLVIATiLCiJ iT ' lP .
12301. ...
t C3C 9
l £ 3 i O
12311. '"!
12 4C 1ULlI12 ' -02
1240 3 ' "
3 2404
1243.3
',24: 5 "'
\ 24T0
^24?i
I1V.5C1r:
1MALANGUZUC u O u ' l R .Z ' lU 'JL ICU :C :o .Mr- ' i ' n
C - - V J . - - . R .
IIUL'Jc J:>{ ' I P .
• J D U ~ i ! T I
c :.!•>• •!»..BIK J'K'.tC JDi ' lR.
I TUv.'.MIL
CO1E-IK.IT.K'iOI
CJUCNR.
!. 2 "0 3
\ 2 5i-5
3. 2 5C 6
?.25C7. . "
l.itCl
1260^
l 26C ?
12604
12605
23
2 3
' . " . . . .1" . 23
.""_'.."... 23
~""'.""24"
_'.-!I'l. 24
I "."7T.'"'i4"'.
" " " ! ! . " . " ?*".
... _ . ... .
25
r f
" " J5
2 5
^ 5
"..I'."... ?6
?6
36
_26
1
121111
^
23.212I1A7
1
i
•>
1.1
1
21
1I1
1
111
•>•
I2I2
111
_2
1
2Ic7
2211
j ,
1222
?.7V
7
2
*,2
22
?.2
<:222.
?.
2?.
22£2V
2
?
2• >
1
,
2
21i.
22->3137
32
r.1.
-
2
i
-)
2~.*_4
1
OC2
002
002
00)
20 0
200
"cc2
OC
OC
CO2
007
CO
<:
00
Co• j
Of7.
or2
002
00
0 0
200
2
23
123
3222•3
22
-)
221
2
c.37.
f
3?22
321
2
?
?22
2
•a
21
32>
j
21
.21
21232\2\2}
2
37
:
21<)12i2
3212
232
..3
2
0292
962
. 0*-
0".._ 2..
. ....P..2
"lys...2
15..._.2_"... i.o.
2
7
."."?'.'
? 07
.1
~37 .c
1 rA .-
f 22
.... 2 2 .__2
132
2 3
."" 26 I
2.21
242
'"' 5262
2
»r.252 .
_ C.
2_C
2
r_~ < • _ . .
0. . 2. .
4 67c
2 _999
2..2?
' ' 7 .2
• c
?..
":e2
c 9
21 C
_ 2 2......._2.a._ o.._
2
415247
42
«?<i
242
?62
247
2
c
2
2^
222
zr255
4
2
121?
11
12
\. 2
1
.'. 212
.121
'2
i2
•" 1
22
. 1
1
?l2l7
1
l
1
2I21
i2r
_ 2
• 1
929
292S
. . . 2 . .
29
, . _ 2 . .91
2
~2~_.9
?92• :
""?.'.
. 0 . .7
S
29
0 "?c
. . " 2 '
C20
Q*?
20
- _ . 2 . . ..._..?.._
. .2 .
3117
2212
Z22
.'3/:?
_23
"2'_2
"3"27.
1
27
/
2
>?
22
•>*2?2
2
2..3..
2
C *t
1C5
2C 3
7
0 =7
CSI
07.. 2 .
06.7
f 92
C42
C6?
U3
1 <51
C7?
C ft
£
04 "7
( 7?
C3?
C55
CO"/
C6 '
t d7
C52
.04. .
2
12122212 .
5.2<222
. 221232_.^232
3?1
2
2.
. . 2 . '1
c
32
2222•3
2j
!.2._. J .
2
232?7
37
•,9
121
2232
?" l
7
" j
1
I
i.??_
\.7
1?1
?
22
.2
l77
5
_22
11 52
1 ; 5
1 < 52
1 i 5.2
1 1 *2
i";52 .
5;o2
1 ; 5?
1 ; 52
1 ; 52
1 ;5
1 ; r
*?.; n?
i ;o '
21 iC'
?i ; 0
2~>. ;<"'
0 ; f°
2
1 ;r-"'
?1 : r -
?
' • "
1 ;0... 2_. 3 ; 5
... z
5?7?
4
247
2_1
2_4_.
I;4~?.I)
2 1
<L
2.
2
?
- ' •
. .
. ' .
?4
•i
7
4
?
7
?4
2_4._
2
•
23-2212
2?*,?22?227
27.
21
2
•a
?
?
j 1
P•?
r
-.
?
?3
J
7
\
?
2?•>
?1Z21
... ^....?7
i
' "" 2 '..
_ j
• ???
?2ct
t
Z1
-i
7
t.
' ?"
•7
.".?."".A- -
1
J
?
1 ' . .
1*\
4
i21
21?i?V?1i
1
t
7
1
2 . . .3
2 . .
924
2129>
c2}'i_
0
7
c7
c
5".7r
t
S_
c"
7
9
2
;cJ
Q
c?c
7*
c
2 '3..
Z
17
27
i.2
1
r17
i>2?
2
2""1
?
1
• • 7
•j
•y
2
>>
1
:
?
1£
i
1.
2,iZ
4BCHvrJ 7 7 7 7 7 '
•> 7 •> -; ' 7
0 ? " ? 2
1 ? ' '• ^ ?
? ? : " ? ' '"•.if HVC? -• •> : o 7
V H C ' I V C
? ? ' 7 ? ' .
•? ? - : . ; ; '
'•'p-r, h 7 ' 17 7 7 • * - 1 '
-> -< ^ -! -1 7
M...-;HV0•s - • ; ; : v 7
• ' : - C - : w
' • • H C ' - V C"• 7 > •: "• ;^
v < ' ? ' y
uj..-,.vr.? ? ? ' • 'MHCHVHJ 7 > 7 - -.
•>•>•>-•! I""f.MVC.? 2 1 ? 2 c
?.?2222
1
27a1
07
1
'
1•u7
O
'9
\
•>
c
1
.*
*
1
-7
r
C
7
7
°•7,
1
9?
q
X V 7.1 7 7X V /7 57
XY7
X Y {
1 -""•
<y *
< ? 'X Y !
X Y 7
< Y ;
<yr7 7"
XV?7 7 7
xv»T 7 ?-
Y Y 7
" T ";
X Y 7
' .Y/
x v ;"' .• '•XY.'j v
<Y79 ? ••
X Y7" • * -
X V /7 7 -
XV?J 77
X Y I7 1 7
XY?7 7 7
XY7
20042004200120
0»2001200420042001200120OS200720
022 00 4
0420012 001200420
08200820A OUO
200 8
2005
2 0
0200fl]
000?000100
01000100020001uo01 "00010001000300
02 "'0 00 1
000?ro0100010 0
0100
01000100
0100010005
00
10201010
i01020
..J0
z010?010
207
020001020
1000
00201
0
10?010
10
1f01010101010
"10
10
2c
"'. 1
01010101p.
1
010.1010
.. 10
103030
30
>0303030
" " 3 •
01
0
1 "0?0
103
02020301
.. 0.
1010•2
0I0
.. 20
10i03010
101
c101010101010
101
0101010
10
10]
0
2010
1 .0
1
2010
10
1010101010101010
10
1
010201020
1020
c010
...1." 0
. 24
4
190
152
j
25203
151
1?1
1 02
' 30111
242
2999
9
131
571
52
562
1 /.J 4
111
133
1
99
1
99129 9
995
199
000J
993
5999
11
990
9 9
9 9
99
J9?99
3C <f
19 ?
C O
9 9
19 9
7
199Z9?
59 9
121
2I2I2
1
2I21212)2I2
17
1
r.
\
2t7
12I2
7
12
12t212
COLUMN 1
Mondo division
BULJlK!COt'C- iR.VIY AS A."1 HACGOt' . 'R.bL)S-ViG*AC 0 L ) > " " I * .
PAMof:CODc'-'R.
13101 1.-UJAMAA13105
liill
13113 11.1.
'.iU«V'l>i YUCUOflR. 13 7.01ITCNGPITAL11
CUDE'lk.
JUGOr.OCX 'E i ' lR . ..3 C N ;COOiiNR.NoAYt lCf iO ' i ' ! ' 5 . .MW AMf\ NONC 01)^ ' 1 p . .MI PA
coat "IR.
CODE'IR.
•MS')ITeLCOOt'IP..OUG'.'llKACOJCNR.vjrjL'iACO'J£'IR.
13?06
J 3301 " 1 1H
j.330 3"'. 1." . ' .
13310
1?311
T33J4. I . "NC'riELA! 3 3 1 5
1 3401
13405 "IT"
?""09. I THWAMAIYHY;CUD£' I ° .
J1MCNILKC O O i ' l r .
l O J K l ? 1CODC'Ik.
Cn."i!:'IF..M«i-|i.rMoCO'.lc'lK.I KOMi* Ab'.lCO9:~'IR.
KASII ISHICUDC'IR.
MAGANZOCQOENR.
13410
ENTTMI1J504
. . . .
i?70t "~
J.3704
1370 6KI13707 _
13716
13802 11
2
...31
" " 31
31
31
~-2.
3 3 .
32
~~3 3
1 7
..3 3.
33
24
. . .34.
.1.11134
. 1 ?4
.. ..
".. '""37
37
27
37
. . . . 37.
1138
3
11121212
1111
1ZI11212i11
1
12).2
f1:
j11
11212
1
1I
4
2
122222
2I22
2;,Z-1
21
22£222
p
2
2
2
?
2
V
2
22
2
22
S
2
21
IS.
323Z
3132
2132323, • >
3t
3
2
•y
1;.
Z1.
,">
32
1
;.
J1
2.->
221
32
6
001
CO2
002
002
Z00
.. .2
00
CO2
OC2
OC
00
zoc. 2
002
OP2
OC'i
.oc. 2
OO'2
002
00
002
00
oc.2
00
7
22202232
223.
IS)
3 ,?
5.2
?3
22 .202
22_
2
•3
2.
32 .
32•s
23
22?
3
2. 2 2
8
32
237
12
3232 .
3
3_
121
3212.
32 .•3
21
2.1
2
<:.
? -
23.212123I
32
9
48232
382
27. 2
" ?72
77....... 2.
0
c7
382Q
?
612
11_ .?
~ 9?2
?n2
9 9 0
2
502
1.4 92
" 7 6
.._ 2
2~ 0
2
" "ii..._• 2
512
108
1
10
0202
10
z0
z.' it
20......2
72
c"•' 2
382
...1.5
"""" 1
Ill 2U
...... 224
279
2
. te2
.1 A3... ?
• • • • , j
2999
... 269
?
l \_ 2
I t2
7C2
11
2222
isj
2Z2
?
222
2" 2
c
A222
. 2222
1 . 2
2
IS)
1 2.2
_ .2.2
... 2
22
522
1~2225
.2E
2
5?
12
31327.212
1
. 2
22
Is)
1222222]
CM
.
2
1Z
c
7
- 2
1 I1
1222
2
CM
~ 2
13
92S29
2
129
.11.2'.
922
IS)
92921
9
11 2 l-3
2J29
" " 2 '.. 2
2
"5"1 2
1
2~ c '
- y1
1.22
CSJ
9
. . 2
— 2~
14
1
IS)
12I
CM
12
121
_ 2
1
2yi
12
" 12221
. 2
22i•»
.1
IS)
]f
.1. 2.
" I
z
1
1.21
IS)
" 31
15
C51
C32
072
OS
?
aC5
2
C42
C61
C82
102
C31
.042
n2
062
IC7.
C62
C32
161
C62
C72
C72
Ct2
ce1
16
22327
IS)
3• 2
232
3232323p1
2
2
"'"32
CSl
...3.
IS)
32
3
...2
... ^
_ 2
.237
23
.2
1
17
21121.21
2
111
. 2
1
' 2
.1.1j
1- • • • j -
1.7
.1.12
.?•CSl
11
2j .
i21
2
2
. 2
?)12
1Z1j .
. 2
21
18
5 ; 52
1 ; 52
l ; 5?
0 ;S7
I f 'Z
l ; 52
5 ; ?
5; 52
i ;5il
" i'; 52
i ; ?
.?
1 ; 5'*_
' i ">2
2 ; S7
C i ">
2
4 ; 0rsi
1 ; •>.
"i;"
I ;o;>
1 ; (i
7.
l i O2
"4 I 52
19
57.524252
j
227
4
r3
11 2"f,>47c
?_•!
?
/
"'" Zr,2
7.c;
7
47
""?.' ?.
7^227T2
2
• • • - 4
1
20
1212
212
i
z32.
1
7
7~ 1
22"722
1.?•
2?
2\2
. .V.?
"3"
2
2~j
•y
3
- - 3
2"
21
J7.17j71
IS)
12
V2
27
7
?..?1 .
?7.'
1 ?'
1
p727
1 ?
2
. .2.
1
27
77
t
">
7£
.2
22
22
111
1111Z
,K1
1
1
~ 711
1?
... ..2
" 1
' I1
1
1
21
• > .
1
11
1
1•1
Z1
7)
2J.
. i:
~ l
23
929?9?92
• • «
j
•3
• ' " • q
t
c.
11?c
?9
"29
.1 ?-
Cl
~ ?9
. . e.
ccs.
c2
c
'*.
c
•;
<;
"c
c?
... 2
S2
24
1
27
i2<!
I\
1.1."3
7
j
1-
• • • • ?
. . . . . ^
c
•3
" " ' 2 '
""" 2• ;
2
1
i?.
• - " - •
1
:
7• )
1
I
._ _
1
25 26
MHOVC: 1
' 2 ? ; - ' 2 7
2?T?? 1MBCHVD '? 2 °.''''.' 'wRrnyn ?
M-ciiivn <
"••ncitvrT1
.??????__.?.
»UCHVC~'""?'y r- -> 7 ? i c
• ' • K C t - V C ^"??7?'>7 ~
l ' ^ C H V 0 '' " " ° "• V 7 1 . 9«hi;i|Vfj ?,11 >y T- ~> 0M M T tHV C 1
) •: " ' 3 7 1 1
"iBCHvo :?17?.? ~ . 0..
MHCHVO:ii JM 1
si^ri-ivn 'p r . T 7 - 3 7 ~ 1
•<ur.H>/r. 7•3 •? "3 •> - 2 C
???.??? 1
"-I I1. C H V C '•>: ;• y > v 1
H,,r.Hvr"" •>7''.?. 12 2 '.'1'ir.HVli 11 •> -. •> 1 -, " ' 1
u i i r i < v n •>
" • " ' ' ? " " '•»' •• C • 1 >.' r •>
'?">">?. > 7 •;
wr;CHVC ?.' 2 - " ? 2 J
"BCHVC 1222222 3
27
X Y ;' 7 2XY '?"•>xy ;' " •:!< Y /
<Y?1 *?XY?
? 7 7
XYZ• > ? • •
" Y2? " "XYZ-^ -3 -»
XYT" • > " • ?
XYZ• > • : . •>
XY???'»
YYZ> - 1
X Y /7 i -3
X Y ?•3 "3 "3
XY7•3 "3 "y
xV?) T -
XY.'1 ?•:
X Y ;* •) r
X Y /
?'•*'<Y '." • > ' •
XYZ*) "2 ->
XYZ2??
28
0820012001700120
012'^0120
0820OJ200120012008200120
01200120Of)
20OJ20
0820
0120010001?0OP
200120
0 52 0
29
0100010001000100
Oi000100
01CO01000100010001000100
0100010003000100
0300
010001000100©•»000100
0300
X
101010
10
1010
101010
10
3010
20105030
10
30101010.10
l l...p.
31
10101010
1010
1010J010101.0
10101020
10
101010I010
" 2
_.o
32
30303030
1020
3010203030
.1
z03
. 0z
'" 0. 3
0
20
1
020
. 202030
3. 0
33
101010
10
1010
. _ . „
01010101
10
10i01010
i0
010
10101
.. 0
20
34
10101010
0:0
30
2010101
0j
0
1
c1010i0
10
2010
101010
10
35
48131
281
271
11I
571
720
0362
76163
6 0
J1 4
1999
916
2
61
651
9 9 9
9
6 9
21 6
135
1
381
36
6
991199
399
399
J
7"99
5910000
991
7
991
99
I S99
299<*<}
99C 9
2
299
9599 5
9 9
9<J1 4
5V 9
c
399
37
12I212
]
2
1
S
2
1212
2i21
21
?
1 '
2V212I2
17
1
2I212121
2
12
COLUMN 1
Kislupu division
UNVtCIJDL1 OX;CCLH.
coneNU-J 1C O O L
UADICOO£'<V,AN
cn:.n:
cnorMWVI
CODt'
NDC.L
CO'.':'MWALCOO?SHAli
coatG I"f.c y j^
MA.'.CO-'"'."
MwVCOL) :
IS;--COi-T
N\A-Ci:""1?'MALT
c rvr•III !
M I ,''-C •>.'"'."
w ; «?
JR.
iR.LAI R .
MR.
' IR ,
G'H/V• I R .A
MR.
l i H N i G
• I R .
i L F J
' I R .ATAI K .
14101
14104
J.41O7ALIi'i" 1
WC-2LANG A14210
).'-Cf'4I)
i'••;!.8
I14!>02
14303iHILU' I P .
r, if i R
IT,/," k .
• • p .
TL'.lI R .
14304
5 4306
X 4 ' 0 I
1442 3
144" 7
ALASA" i r < .
• J R .
:"MI•19.
';ZA• ' • • • •
T ;'•
• I B .
M W V J G ' H ACHi.11:BUTucone
• IP . ,
"IJAt . 'R.
l4*;Dl
14 507
;4??s
i ' fr«i
146C4
•KiA14i?7
2
41
41
. 4 ) .
. " " _ " . " 4 2
. 42
'it
42
• • • - - • ^ ?
4?
. . . . 43
43
^
44
44
45
4 5
4 5
46
4 6
46
46
3
\117
1117
1117
1212
1I(*>i.*>
17
1
X7
11
1
1
211
i-.Ii
ic12
4
2
2•
12
5
137
22 :
f
.
i
*
•
t
,
2222
) 7
' Z3.j .
> •>
. 2
2 3* t
! 3? •>
1> ~
> 3
J 2• • >
) 5
: •!7 7
1
2A
; 2
211 2? -•
1
2
6
00c
002
004.
OC
occ
0 0
zoc-
c.
oc7
O.V
0 1 '
zO f
002.
OCi
;
0->2
00
00?.
CO2
or.2
CC
oc
7
22
3;i
2
?2t
2
?
?2?p327
c7
2
I2~t.
•a
c
?
;.
32
23
8
-a
212323
212l
1.?
-.
3c.
2j
7
123
j
2.1
2*
-.;
232
121
2 2
9
112
552
447
66•?
' 8?.2
' 5
"
282
17.....2
c020207
570?
56c
2?C2
n
2?202
C2C2
1)».62
10
22262
) i2
f o2
' • " 1 77
_\\7
"22
232
'2?2
112C2
3.72
<il 37
772
77
• - I - ,
7
>b2
77C
c2C7
026.2
11
125252f>
IN)
2?
217
22
27
?22222
22127
2
2?
4
2
;22
4
222
12
222
32?.1
2i
13
9292921
9?.
..2_.. c27
227
7.
7.7
27
122
1
227
212c77
7
17
7
7
2.2
?c
292
297
7
297
"s7
92).c
H
<;2<;2
<;
92
9
92
14
121217
7
" 127
?j
?1
. ~321
2I2J.7
- -
r17
1
2
17.
71
1
12
. i.c
. 12_
15
127
C77
C35
c<~-?
7.CS
2
7
10
C-3
C42
Cfc1
CS7
1
C7
1
C51
C32
ca7
} nT
ce(NI
C92
C9?
16
12I23271
12
?3232
37
327
7
I7
7
7
i?
3
3
77
1
37
7
3
17
27.121
2)7
3?.i217.12
7
12i
\
J
i2j
I
11
21
I2
121
I
c
i
1
1
j
1
1
*
44
1
J
~
I
]
1
18
;0?
; 0?
; K7
;0
. ^ii *•'
i1
; n
2; r>
?
;,>
.?
*; «
7
; (
7
•-:
?; r
?
;x2
7
j 5
i .
._? ? 2 .
19
2,7
27
272
747
7
2~<
2
2
4
27
7
' 4>
i
12
c
7:
27
4?
2?
7
Z7
20
37
37•a
2£
7
' -
7
t77
7
2
7
-.
?•
23
47
£
?
7
3
z2
21
17
\
P7
7
•>
p
7
;•
2
i7
]
i
23
l
7i
7
-.
?7
1
?
• 7
7'->?
222?
22
2.'$1-i
2).
-
?;
/
7
).
"l
11
• )
i
-.
-
7
i
\
•j
23
9
27
(
92c
j
c
2( l
'y
?
7.
s
'V7
2
;>c
*
5?
• i
CXJ
•
?
c
22
24
020.70221
-,
11
!1..;1
2z
21">
\
i .
;.
V
7
•
c
-J
1-x
2. .2 2
25
MUCHVO7 7 7 7 ? :••w'.iC-iVf"-J: •'•.•: .'
7 7 7 7 — ,
Murnvr.7 r- 7 •;• 7 7
"- '. '/ 7 7 •-•M"CHVC771 ;- ' . ' .
'- ^ 7 V V 7
M r; r t, w n
- " ? • ?
'•• .CHvn7 " :•'; 7 '-
"• ; .Ci-.vf,"> 7 '. ", - ' .
/ • V - 7":w3C*iVI-7 7 1 " v ;
, . , , , r h w r
7 ': *: 7 '• '.
"ii.-.hvr^ . ' 7 7 7 7v. P, f ) ; \/ ,"j
7 7 7 -j •> )
'•••^C'-iVC
7 7 2 > 7 -'
•'. |",.-" h V ~7 7 ^ 7 - 7
•in,;Hvr.~ ~ , "". " 7
• :• :• -• "• 7
7 7" V '. 7
W P C H V C?. ? ? 2 ? ?
26
2n2c7
O
1•>
" i•r
7
=
7
O
7
•3
7i
1
>oj
-,
7
7
7
7
,1
7o
27
XY?7 7 7
wi
XY !7 7 7
Xv . '
XV 7' I .
X Y /7 7 1
Y V ?' • • :
XV.'.7 7 7
XYZT ' '•y y >- - 7
x y.'.1 - - ,
X V 7-: 7 -
y y77 •, )
XY. '7 7 ',
XV 7"> ) ~
V Y . /- . • ; .
» y I
? T- ';
X y /7 ? >
\.v '
(•••!•1 7 ' )
XY,:7 7 7
X Y I5 7 7
28
0 120012 0
0?2001-o
0 1
20012001200120
c?200 ?
?00520012 0
0110032 0
CS20
035 001200820
04200320
01200 120
29
0100010 0
0 0
0 0
01i n
0100010,-)o:00010 0
01
0 00 50 0
030001on
o:0 0
01000000
030001000100
' ' • 1
n j
on
01000100
30
20001
02A
20100010
1020101
n
10
C0i
0
10
1o1
0
a020
10I0
31
10
2C
10i0
" 1010«
010
10101010
10201c
J
0
1010
1c10
1010
32
30107
020
2n10
101
0
3f l
1
0
10»0
107
0a
0
I0
020
107
0?
0•J
0
33
10
20001n
l010i
0
10
1010101
0
1c101c
1010]
0
1010
1010
34
10
1000J0
20
20
2010
20
10201
c1010
1010J0
1c29
I010
35
J lZ
4 91
331
101
1
03
61
112
03
11203
1 72
157i
i:7.
JO?1
0
62
772
0
0-a
i:l03
36
9976
9 9
a0 9
CM
O Q
119 9
003
9"}
992
0
09 9
100
Q - )
•3
4
, 9
9 9c
7SO
e99
2992?
00
00
U)
990
0
37
I212121?
121
2121
2
7
1217
1
17
121?-
-,
212
7
1
, 21^
1212
COLUMN 1
Kishapu division (continued)
K IS'iAPU .._CPOt ' !k . 14701
CODFUR. I'.-7 )ZMlilKI/e 61 N"IE RY
HWATA'J.*
CilOn' l " . 14704 '._"_.'.MuA'!etir*"lFCOjflK. 14705 ...'_..-'..MAN(> | l
CO^' I?. . '4706KIL ! L r L I . .C'.K'-'!°. 14707KAZrV-OH'I _Cili'F.'IK. J4719Mjini division
M W l i U l L A U H AZnjir.R. } 5 ) 0 3"IHiLUK.VACC' i - ' IR . i 5 : .C3NSi'.YllC O P t ' l R . i ? V l 2 " J "P A U r ' A I - I C H I Z ACUDE'IC. \ f'. V 9 _ . .J i l l lJ ' H'"'4.CUT^N1*. I f ' ^4-MWALJ " ' I D A
CUOr.NR. 15132
cir.:--!?.. \s;.c:.."".V.'^CM AT
C i U c - i H . ' 15ZC2 ...Z\.lI bl ' 1 / i'-'t T t ....C'lliT-'iR. 1 5 ? r 5LY-T-U
Nindo division
SOlrfACU'jVlK. i i l r . " .HUAUCNOACOO^nR. 16102MtfVJUUTUCOOc' lk . l o i ? 3
2
A-j
47
A 7
47
~. 4 7
' . ' * ? .
.'. AT
...AT.
51
5?.
. 51
51
51
'."'."..51
. . 5?
1 52
""'.."5 2"
. 7 . 5 2 .
M .
61
61
3
1
i
11A
1l1
i .7
r2121j
1212121\
i
7
I:<
;
1
2
•-.
2
4
22
222
.22.
2/
2.1
2
12224
2•5
2£.
2.r
?
2;•<•
11
I
2->
2122
5
^3237^
2T
2?
22
;>
27
7
1.3
?22.•\
22i
• ;
..V
31• )
2
22^222
6
002
00
oc1
00_2
or.J..
00
002
002
002
CO7
CO2
OC2
00?.
002
00"1
007
.•?c
Or.2
j u
1
001
002
00i.
7
212k.i .
32*'•
. *
223
222
^22?32.2^?2t
222
^
7
42?2
2
2232
8
3232321.?2
7
1.2
2
i237
3.232
2i
•a
-\
7
2)..
>2
2
323232
9
6
'.... '2^ 7
202
; j
217
...452
. n.
• " " " o "
2
. 7 67
...'227
...64_.... 2 .
442
10., 2.1.6
7
2
02.
".'.. W... 2 .99-1
.....2
2
p7
31202
10
fc202f-
.. 2999
!."_"".. ?'.'0
... 20•>
10. 2 .446
2
_... 5..p
"3o".2
J 9?
""").'6252
. 23 .7
02
..m
o .
q o q
2
" 2
5
0I8
. 2
11
222252
2222
" 2.
2"?0
-e
4
2...2.
22222
27
".2f>222
7
4Z22
12
222j
z7
1.2'7
2
2. '.2.
17
1
1.2
221.
"2.. 1
21
l . i7
1i
1
2i2
11
i?12
13.
9
, 232122..2p
92r.29
— 2
9"7.9212929?12
. *...
Iz9
_ . _ * •
9292
2
292
14
).2121
_ 11
?1
. 217
).
'"?.I2
I. 2
x2
. A
7
~"2. 7
2. . 1 .
7
.. 1
1...2
71
21
.. 2
7
7
i£12
15
C42
C?I
C31
C6~2
Cf2
C3.2
0 67
C i1
C47
1 3 "2
C67
1?.2
0 5?
112
C47
C72
042
022
C3"2
037
C72
152
16
2222123
2
27
2. 2
2
3
7
" 27
327
223222
<%23
71
237
373232
17
1
i32?i7
22
_ 2.
2
. " . ' 2 . .
1
" i "2
. . . 3 .71
" 1
•>2
. 121
71
)
J.. 1
?
. .17
i212
18
l ; ?2
) ; 51
5;0j .
5;0';
\ i f>?
i ; «i
2l ;?
2l ; o
2
3 ; 5... 2
1 ; r>
i ! 52.
i ;52
1 ; 5?
1:5
5; 5A.
5 JO7
5 ; 0.. 2..
r • 17
i • 52
; ; 5?
' 2i ! 5
2
19
424e
b
i"22
.27.?^>
?4
" 2
" c,'
2. 4
?4
... 2•42
.. 2. }
A2r
" L
c"2
7
•a
2.
4
2223?
20
.3. .2
329
1" 2.
•a,
22 .2321
2
17
2?77
2"2
2X:1
29..7
2
2" 9". 7
7
2
2237Z2
21
27.77cL
<:
•" ?
. i7
"2\2.i.2
""f"7;.,
,•
1
.'.' ??7)2i
7a
7
1
2\
._ 2.a7
?7
)
?• I
7
22
I
?1?0
_ 371
1" 7
. J .7^
11
"V"1
I1\
1)
i7
'i
' ;
91
1
1/0
2)2
<7
1j
2
23
9.5ccc
3
2c
c?c
•a
7c
2
"„c29792c;7
.2
c
.2 . .
9?92
24
?
2C
.'.
*
.2
?
71
22j)
22
•t
- ,
1.. J
c
2
. 3- •
-
\
i2
25
??????
' > "• " T 7
. "" '* ^ '.
1 ? " 2 >"'.
••l ' : rr-VHr ? 7 7 7 -.
" i i O i V ! "
2 "" "• 7 7 7
r ^ 7 '. " ;
r^nrnvD' " ' . " ! ?
7 71 7 ; 1
7 7 7 7 7 J
M H r H V 0
.? ? i i •> ?
7 7 7 7 - V
" " • C H V U^ - 7 7 7 ^'•icr.i-i/n'
MHfHVP7 T5 7 * ;>
y : ' C ' i V I ;
'• ? ' u " ?
> 7 > v 7 p
"RCHvn"2?v??
I T ; 7 1 1
• " CMVC
MhCHVC
26
0
1
7
1
c7
97
7
0
1
r0
i.7
1
2i
7
7
• i
1
c
5?0
11
17
"}
C.
27
XY<!
22?v y 7
? .-' ^
XY /
X Y /7 7/X Y ^. »»X Y '" /1
? ?•"XY7? " 7
XY7" " . • •
X Y '• > • ) • .
VY '\ 77X Y ? "
71 -X Y . '7 •>-»
X Y i7 7 ;
yv?.I T .
y v ?0 * '•
XY '
' ? •X V !
7? 'X V T
2 2 '
XY?7 7 '
XY77 7 •
XY7.
28
0820012005200 1200 5in012001200120
0120082008200120012001200720
0?2 0
01200320Cl20
0 12001200 120
29
n i000 10 001000100n if>ty
01000)000100
0 10 001000100010001000100050 0
P i
0 0010^01000100
0 1OP01000100
30
201010
101p1030?
0
I0101020101010
10201010
10
z0
20
31
10001010.)0
.. 10201
.'. 0.
10
101010101010
J0
1010
10
101010
32
202020102( 1
203010
30j
03
. 0
0301010
20
02030
1020
0
33
101C90
I01
0)
0101p
i010101
0101090
j
0109010
10l0i0
34
\010102010201
10
101010
" 10£
01010
J01
0c010
2Q
1010
35
03
1 7i62
9 9 99
171
4 i1
102
4462
7J1
12
451
261c
17
212
1
I f -i
1 --
1999
91 3
2
52
311S2
36
001
999 9
09999
3•?$1 C
9 95 9
299?S
999
29 9
9 94
991
'•9?<)
12
? 9
9935
S39 9999 9
3
9V>J5
9 9
a
37
1
2121?
121
•}
12I7
12
121712I212I1\2
12121?1
c
1
z212
COLUMN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Nindo division (continued)
61 1 2 3 CO 2 1 107 63 4 1 9 1 x C 5 3 1 1 ; r j 4 ? 2<• iblO4.".'"...L-"...I . 2 1 ^ 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 ? 2 . 2 . . . _ 2 . 2 2 2
i
70o2
32C
» j .
7
0z
i01
290e
J.0?.
C50
10
?
0
11
cj
1
1
; • ' •
0:0.
2
r
62 i 1 2 0<": 3 S. . . . 6 6 i 3 _ ? 1 ? I C 5 _ 1 ? l ; 0 ..»;•:?.. 1 6 Z 0 3 i: i J 1 2 ^ . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 T J 2
_ _. i,Z .1 > •> ( • < • • 2 3 , . _ . . . r . • . . . . C 2 . 1 1 1 C 9 . . 3 ? i ; 0 .CUr»='IR. 1 6 2 0 7 _ _ _ ?. 2. Z Z 2 I
. I OIL 1 _. o i 1 .2 ?. ..('0 ?. \ .Coo: .R. 1 6 2 1 1 0 <? 0 0 0 0r U M « _ _ 6 2 1 1 ?. 0 0 2 ?C O O u N R . 1 6 2 1 2 . . . . 2 2 1 2 X 2 _ . . 2 . . . 2 _ 2 2 . 2 .. 2 2 . 2 . . . 2
B U Y O G f ) _ _ 6 3 1 2 3 0 0 3 i 9 9 9 1 6 6 1 9 1 0 6 3 1 1 , 5 f _ 1 ? >.'" 9 ?" " « C H V P ?' X V 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
. C O l ' ^ H . 1 4 - 3 C - 1 .'. It.': 2 ? ? . . _ • > . . 2 ' " . 2 2 " " ? _ . 2 2 . 2 . 7 ? 2 > ? ? _ " " ; • ? • < ? - : . : - - ' - • = - 2 0 0 0 0 ' 0 " 0H I S H t P O
. C O n F ; - : ^ , ) o 3 0 3K I T Y : L ( 3 _ 6 3 ?. 2 J CO 3 3 \,l I " 4 i _ _ 9 _ 2 0 6 ? !. 5 ; 0 '- 2 ? ?
C O O * M R . 1 6 3 0 7 . . Z Z \ i..?.?.... 2 2 . . 7. . ?.... 2 2 2 2 . ? ? . ? . ? . . ? >
92
1~2\2c
J.c
Z M P.". H v 0'2 ?.7 :.--??.
3 v r iCHVU
/. •'•'~ 2 ? ," 2? V 1 'C n V r
! 7 7 7 - 7 7
?. " ' • C H V C,) or, -i 1
2 -??,'<. i
11
" • • > •
C
1
r.o"3
C,
XY' 01'.-•- 2 0
XV? 01M'V. 20X Y / f 0 1i 77 20
X V / 0 1
' • - 5x v / 081 -.•; J O
0100
01
oo010001000100
I0
1.01030]
0
10
1.10
...I01010
20
20201010
\0
\0
. 10I010
10
10202010
1
3103
222*
2
599
099
00
200 099
4
V2
I21?i
2I2
6 ?
6 3
6 2
63"
6 3—
64
64
64
6 4
t*
"6V
6 5
6?
11
u17
y2
.).£
12
J2•2
-L
i
•;1
2
.2,
2
77
7.
2
22
2>
2
•:-
_,~.')
3
J.
7
3?
27
; •
7
/._
* •
i;
;.•,
0 0J
CO
CO.i;
00.4'
CO.'>
0 0,';
7'0 0
2l'C
(•• '•
7
CO"?
or
t
c
•>
3
3
2
3Tt_
223^2
z0t.
~\
327
323,71
17
\
?.
12
7
.12).2i
2
V
"3;;1
6_ 2 _
O
1_2T> /
""51' ~ "2 _.
95
•>
"... .s."5. „
99^ V
2.
227
69
t?
i n2
I ??
1 926
_2
?1?
",q2
75^
442
• 7 °
V.
'•-)
•
2
r
4. 2
4. . 7.
47
42
.2
/_ 2
'2
2
242
2
_ i
. 17
l21
2... 1_ 2
- - • x
7
i
.2\
1
217
x'. i
21
c.
" 2 "92
. 92
"'9"...7
-I"9...'. . . .2._.
9. 2
g
29
. . 292n
" !£.
.29
1227
7
.22
2
12
7
21•>
I
2
A
JJ.
04..10 6
2'.2
C3?
0 62
0 52
0 6
Cfc5
5.22
527
C71
c*2
C4
2
*... . ...
2
7
237
32•?
7
_ .3 .252
7
2
. 321
I7
j
2•>}.7
.1?.
10
1
2521
?17
V2
a£
1
s;o2
5;o?
l ; o?
1 ; f ••.
4
i ; o2
l ; O -2
?.; c2
1 : 0?
l ;0•7
1 ; < " . •
2
1:52
* ; 5
c
^°
/i- I
L
t
57i.
7
?2/7
?
?
fp
2
7
22
. 1.?*"-77
?1.?
77
2
7
J17
A7
7
<,
2
3 ^ ' J K . '_6;-.C-9N Y A S H l n O A . ._ . 6 3 1 ^ 3 0 0 . 3 1 _ _ 2 T > . 1 9 .4 1 9 . . 2 C 3 . . . ? J. 1 ; f.'. 5 \ 7. 1 .
MMUGi. _. 6 3 . . ) . .* 2 C O . 2 1 . . . . 5 ? . 6 _ . . 4 .... 1 . . . 9 . . . 1 . 0 6 . . .3 . 1 . 1 : 7 . 4 7 ? 1C U O J . M R . 1 6 7 T 1
H W i < I L > " 0 U l . « >
C ( ! - ' r ' I ? . ? 6 A 0 6Ki ' . t . ' ,LL :
M H A ' ! / K'-L AMGfc 6 4 .". 2 ? t'O 2 1 l . V ? _ 4 4 .. «> 1 9 1 5.2 5 ' l ; 0 ? .*• ? .1
f. t < :. . ; ' " f'r" 0 i 9 9 ^ v ? n 4 1 <? . i 1 2 3 1 1 : 0 7 4 : - . » . « ; i
' _ " 6 4 I 2 .' CO ^ ' i ? . ; . ' ~'t " 4 \ ! 1 C 7 " j 1 1 ; r , ' i 1, " 7 " • > " ) _ ?
. 1 7 : 1 ? ? ? :- ' •": ? o c o 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 > 2
2 - - " ' C H V C '. < » ' 0 8 0 1 1 1 1 i 1 ?.? 5 1
Z "'':?.'•? ! " < ! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 1 9 2K l - - U - ! P M - , U U 6 5 1 :< i OC ? 1 6 9 C 4 1 9 ). C 4 3 1 l ; f i 3 ? ' ' 9 •} " C M V " ' " « " 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 6<* 3 3 1c m - - | p . . i . t - ^ C ' 3 _ 2 ; :• c ? i __ z_ - -_ z 2 ? 2 ?. 2 2 2 ? ? 7 ' . ? . . ? ? ; ? ? v » c "-1' 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 5 9 2U K P . I G D k i l 6 5 5. ; ?. CO 2 1 1 2 0 4 1 9 1 C 5 ? 1 1 : 5 ?. ' > " " ' ? ' j " 9 " ~ 3 ' ^ H C H V O ? X * Z 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i 2 . )C O n ; . - . P . 1 f r . i 0 . ' . ? 'v ?. >. ': 2 . . ? . ? 2 . 2 2 2 2 ? 2 2 . .? 2 7 . < . 2 • • " ' ' • : . c "~" 2 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 T 9 2H W A K I T U L Y O 6 6 1 2 2 0 0 3 3 5 9 4 4 ? ). 9 I C 3 2 ? i ; 9 2 ?. !. ' ~i ~" c ' "2 »*r*-VZ"~2 W 7 0 1 0 1 1 ~ 1 3 ~ l " 1 1 5 3 1C C ' O E r . F . . J . 6 t C - l
til. HVC7 ' 7 '• 7
nr nyr• ; V '-* -
''•. invt?-•->•! •<
^Chv".'n 7 ; - '
HC i I1/'?.7;; 7 7V
"OiVP.7 7 > - •>
arn'/f* 7 •- ' : •
i'rr.yn
? "" " " •'•'- C ' l V i '- " ? 7 7
•' ( ^ 7 n5 7 7 7 1
7 1 7
} XV1 ' •>
7 y y
c v .-
7 XVc *; 1
. . ' ' • X y
1" * " •
" 7 XYc " ' "• \ YC -"7
"• < vc 7 •;
7 <y
r, 7 '.
> ', y- ^ ^
• x y
7-7
7
-•
7
-
7
7
7
7
>
>
- •
?
i.e.
20082001?0'11200120
0820O c
20Oti?008O f >
'"IP2001
02000100010 0
03no0!.no"
03pn0 3r'O0 3r .•:•
03r-r,
0 301
101 "01010
1c
20
102020101
a010101 ...01 " •
0
10101,T
JO
101
1r>1010101
0
101
0'A
c1
n~i
r.2
101010
1
10
101010201f!1
20201
c1-10
102f>7
c2
c1r.1
0
. . 372
145
1
4 4
19'-'"'
91' 7
19 '
I9<~
7
-. np
00
9916
9V1
9 ?
79?
e
99
994
2 ;
C O
9 ?j -
12j .
2II12j
IVJ
217
1
2
7
I
1
CCOF'rk. J6613MAHCMBECOOfflR. i 6 6 : ^
6 6
6 6
11112
2^2'/.
I
r.21
2
1
CO
CO
2
27
r.j
3
2
1212
2. 26
21 9
2
211
2 .j 9
2
2222
_ 2 .
21 "2
2
29292_
21212
2C3
2
c?2 .
2323CM
2171
2
21:5
21:5... .2
22222
2121
. 2
r2;22 .
7
17
1.2
29292
3
2..2
7 7 - . - ; ^
- 7 -»'.• 7 7
'••ECHVC
c7c7S
7 - >
X v ^1 ?"»XY7•>:•)
2 0012 00120
CO010 00100
0101
. Q.
01020
01030
0
1020
01
c10
11 7
10
9*»4
9 900
2121?
COLUMN f
S*muy« division
KITONQQCUntNR.IOJhULAC U D L ' I R ,SCLCMICOUENRtKAZIMA
SH *T I ^aACODf NR.
IDUKILOCUDC'lR.SESCKOCOOfMR.MWVIGIUC'.HJfc'.'R,SUStltCUDEHR.KA'IYKNYRC OOF N P .
SI'illIUCCLlE'lR.HU'J&rCODEMR.
MASi:'iGWAcr>r>r v F.1 S E L \cnuciR.C U ^ J ' ' G I N ' *C '1[)E- VP •K1L01 FL!
TUPf "lOANCOOC'-I.R...
17XC2
J71O4
17106....
17110
17111
1.7202 . ..
17105 ..._.
i7207_
17209
X7211
17212 .
17213
'.7?PX.
X7303
17 304 .
17305 .
COD~'I*. X73U6
2
.71
71
_ 71
_.. 71
71
Y j
72
72
72.
7?
..._ . .7.2
72
_73
73
_. .73
7?
13
3
12121211Xr*
11111
X2^11212
I
i
111
_i
4
2122212
;>9
?
29
22222^2
1?X
2
9
1
7.ii2
.2
5
222X2222
->
?
->fX
?
2p2
3
J2.
2:9
1•A
>9
6
002
ou2
002
002
00
noc
or2
0 "
002
00
orL
002.
00
007.
00;;
OP2
00
1 00
7
2
22
23
3
" V2:,20
?27.9
259
2<.
9
32•222
8
3232
2
r25
29
2
p
2329
2
3
l,>
9
9,
22
9
?20202
112
XX9
202 ..
10
2C27?
32
16252
'"""52C1
.12 109
s7.
372
4 19
8
9999
59
229
4020
02
20CM
TO2
£224Z
9992e
9
02
3C2
37?202
11
4242624242
" 4242624
2424242
49
47
424t.
c,
2
12
121j
12122?
2?
.2222?
22}.9
32?9
2-j
2*?2
13
"52929
.21297
.....
292
?.9
29
2919Z
922?92
92
.2 2. .2..?• _2 JL
14
J2I?1222?.?
29
2J2122222\9
9
1
212
2
15
C82
C82
002
00;
1C•9
C22
r,r>2
039
C32
C42
C71
C4Z
C3
C6
c?9
C32
049
04
16
323232123
- y23
... 2 .?2 .22123232
3217323
... 27
i .
1
17
12129
2222
" 22
2
r2129
232
2
113C
19
121?
18
J.;5?
".; f>2
1J59
1 5 52
5;?
3 ' ; 52
i ;s
1 ; «i?
i ; f>
23> 5
2I ;Q
2
*1 i 5
X ; *"•9
i ; 5
J ; o
19
51c
2c
2329
•)
" ?
2422
72/,2A
??
2
' 9
?
9
?2p
; •
?
2-
20
32i
2222i
3?7
2•a
J9
29.
2?
7.2
329
/
X
21
2}9
2721??.7
. .
2??19
9?7
7
X21Z
9
?
-19
129
?2
22
1*!i
73?X,T>
49
311
2i
2
23?3X12
.;
".i.*>
)
312i
23
9292I29iK
y
i9Cj
?
9
1
2I2J292
" 9~9
;
2V
o
9
c
24
32315
2?29
?
- y.5
2i9
29
9
£9
19
2
9
•
_
7->9
1)c.
y
25
•"jr.HVC9 9 9 9 9 2
VBThVC? " ' i "' ?
:-•">'?
-: r i ^ ; . '..
"i.iCiVC9 "/ 9 9 ') 9
v. . . r H vr9 9 7 9 9 J
? ^ ? 2 ? ?Mf.r HVO? -,. 9 •> 9 V
MHCHV0? 2 / ? " ?w-ir.Hvr9 9 9 9 9?•HCHVI.i9992??^RCHVl)222322
, , , ( C M V 0
•. I' i > > 1«UI_MVC-- 9 - '. ". ',
9 9 " T 9 9
M p. f H V P-
? ? . - ' ? " "
MF;CHV'J'. L r" *''
26
2o1c
?1
7.(••
7•5
9
C
71.
?.9l9
c
79
. . ^
1
1
1r.
1
19
< - •
9
27
X Y ;V ) 'y v ?
9 9 >
X Y {9 9 9
XY;.y •>•:
HYZ
? ? "'
XY79 ^ ".
X Y ») i ;
XYZ
' .?"?XY79 *:• 9
XYZ9 9 ?
XV 71 - 7
X Y /9 ~ 9
KYZl ;i
< V 7
* * *>
y Y79 91
XV7I T T
X V
' ?>
28
0120012001200 12001?0
0320on2001200120072007200120
012004200170012001200820
29
010001000100010001on
010001000100010003noox00
ox00
010001no01noox0003000300
30
102040203n
10i0j
0i07
0
0]
0
00101n2010
10
31
10202010
0
~ 1
0701010
10X010
" X0
101nX01010
32
303030303n
0i0•3
010
102030
3020
3010
20
,10
33
1010101070
7010
1010
10
1010
X0101nl010
10
34
2070102010
10
010?0
301c10
1
c101n10
1010
35
12272i2536
0303
215
271
1 914X
999903
2?1
XO1
37R203
36
9 92
991
09 9
J1
9 9
00n00
991
•99
399
29 9
199
99
00
299
2999998
00
37
1
17I2121
12^2X219
17
J2yy
,
2X7
X219
X.
COLUMN 1MASWA DISTRICTNung'hu division
MNtMO'WIGULU. .COOFNP. 21209...KWJNC'JCUt'f.MP.. 23 210MAL!TA-UJ'»'1AA .C O P L N R . 2 1 2 1 6 _ .
BULUBfclOCU.l t . ' IK. 212Z6SAYil-SAYUCCi)£f iR. 21?29
MASElAconeUR. 2no ;
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
CiK . t f iR . 2.13J7MW«ar.M14-UJA'1AcnocfiK. ? n : o
CODiiMK. 21321
1Z. '4 2 "*• _Q0 3 3 2 1 7 J - 7 _ _ 2 ^ 1_ 2 C«> 31. Z 2 I 2 . 2 2 _ . . . 2 Z _ 2 _ 2 2 2 . . 2 .
J Z C 2 ." OT ? 2 _ i 7 6 2 ? \ 7 0 5 ?2 2 2 . . 2 . 2 .2 . . . . . . 2 . . _ . .? ._ 2 _ _ 2 2 2 1 2
J . 2 . . 2 1 3 0 0 2.. .J . . . . 0 . . . . . C 2 3 .9 1 C5 1.2. i £ i ; 2 2 2 . 2 _ 2 _ 2 _ ? 1 _ 2_
12 2 2~2~Oo" 3 ~ 3 6 C ' 2 " 3. ~ 9~ " i "CS 32 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 2 2 CO 3 3 0 C 4 1 9 1 C ? ? .1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
13 2 2 2 00 3 31 2 1
6 242 2
13 J M 00 3 21 2 2 2 2 2
13 2 1 1 00 3 21 2 7. 2 2 2
13 2 I 2 00 3 31 2 2 1 2 2
11•)C
2
1 1C 12 2 1 2 2 1
46 2 2 9 1 032 21 C42 11 C62 2
2 22 } ; f2 2
2 73 1 ; S2 2
2 3 : 5
1 2
? *2
2 *2
2 *2
7 !2 ?.
1 VYZ 0 8 . 0 1 l . _ 1 ... 1 1 200 1?
-. - /. r -"p.C.HV
"rOi VP
3 MPChVCi 7""' ?. ?i
3 'U'C.'iVC
1 ? • ' ' ? / ?
•3 1 - I J 5 5
' '-"• 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 ' )••" XV z 01 01 2 1 3 _. 1 1 11 1•> <.---> 20 On 0 0 C 0 0 1 99I /.*Z 08 01 . 2 _ 1 . . 1 _ 1 .1 0 0 .7 > ? ' 20 00 0 _ 0 . C .0 0 . . 3 . 0?' X Y 7 08 0? ? 1 3 1 1 6 1« •''-' 20 00 0 0 ;"> 0 0 1 5 9' »vz OS 0! 1 1 ? 1 1 f 0
08 0) 1 1 2? ? "?' 20 002 XYZ 01 Clc • i 1 20 00i XYZ 0] 0!i ?:•'• 20 ool xy; 06 03
o oJ l0 C
? ** 95? 9
31 99? 15«'• C
20 00 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2
99 1
21 (io 0 0
• ir»"(.f -n
C O O F ' I K . i l ^
C O D f . r i P . ; -1
Sengerema division
.. MALAMPiKft.
i Y
1A_ .? 2 3 00 .2..3 J.2. . ?9 C7_ 1 2 1 c_2 2 . . 2 2 2 2 2 ? 2 2 2 2 2
1.4.. 2 2 " OC 3 ; . 4 0 0 2 3 9 2 ? 1_ 1 Cfc 2 1 5 : 5 4_ . i 2 ? ? 2 ? . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2_ 2 _..2 ?_ 2
1 't 2 I I- 0 0 ? . ; _ 7T _ I 3 2 2 ?. ?• Cfl 2 1 4 ; 5 21 i 2 Z 2 (.._. Z. ? . 2 _ . 2 _ . . . 2 . . . 2 . } . . . . . 2 . . . . ! . _ ._ 2 . . ?
>1 i U ' O M 3 4C3 3 2 5 31 ,.- . 2 1 , 1 1 1 1
31. .: .'. " OG 2 i . . : . ? . . U 2 37 : : ' . . : . - . . ; : . ...2. ___ i.. .i. . . .2
1 '
cc2 .
c
251
..2
9 61 "
C72
' .J' '
17
•*.
I1.
17.
-,
.5
3
JO.
; 67
I
/ •
7
2
? * 1
?' 2 ?2 2 V2 . 2 T
> 1 . 12 r .1
c ^":• 2. 9 2
' . Z9. . /
""^rnV[.
r !! V n
\ XYZ 08 01.1 2:? ?o 00. } XYZ Oc, 0 !
2 2 2 1 20 O""1
1 XV7 o K 01._- . _? 2 ?. ? ' 5 1
) XY? 03 03. : V' • 20 00' XYZ 01 n]••>. -•'•> 20 00
2 * • / 01 rij. • • - - - ? o nnI »V7 01 019 -'V 20 00
20 10 0
z 10 02 10 C
3030
20
3 1 7 99 I0 2 1 21 173 8 10 : 99 23 4? 3 10 1 9 9
1 391 92C 1 99J O O0 3 0
1 20 12 10 1 99 21 2 : 59 30 I 5 2
MM A'-! I MAN
U . 233C8ILAHATA _CODC'IR. 23315
...33..
' 3 .
33
3_3_
J 00
3..1
3 27 ?3 2I 00
;•: ?. 2
3 OG 37. 2. ?3 00 32.._2_2_
. . " _ _ ; 7
^ 71.4 " 172
17_ \2£—~2-..ie__6_
2 2
? 31 72 1.? 24 T2 1_4 I?_ ?1? 3_2_2.
1 072 ?1 C42 21 C421 10.
9
281
. ;5
6 : 5
1:52
1:52
1;62
7 ° " ''I." ?7 ""f.HVC
'T 01 01 1 1 1'.- 20 00 0 0 0'I 05 01 1 1 3
20 00 02 . .urH Vn 1 y.YZ 01 01 13. :•?-???. j •>?•> 20 00 07. MHTHVO T XYZ 08 03 0
2 M BCHVOl_ l XYZ 0 1 01
0 01 1
0 0 01 3 1
. 2 " 2 1 " 1 . . 2 ??> 2 0 0 0 __0 . . . 0 _ 0
1 10 0
10201
0 0 0 0
6 11 v9
86 <?9: r-s
13 111 99£ O
0 1 S91 J2 I0 1 99
COLUMN 1
Sengerema division (continued)
_ *, ULJr ' K •N G ' kl'; 13• •
. COUf. f lR.
L!K;1 . .r ^ ^ v.' ^
L I • ' ' i l liji;. 0
<4G'««'-MHGGFl.LC O O t ' l R .N Y A B U f lCOOt.'ik.
S H 1 S H I V
CuiiE' lk.I Gi.i»T ACODFNR.I (,il-"lYACH<::'1R.Mi»if. .'•.Hii'C J:'.-;(;K.MAA'H'UCu;)U;K.LU'JYl oACODtriK.IT i - I JFCOORik.HAiANGACOOF..R.
M»l\iiU23COO'NK.
C 'lOi" "1°."•1WAM*. S I
CIWF'IR.
IMAL/.SE' CO'.TlP..
i CO'it ' lR.
CUT " P .
CUJI ' Ikt"In A'"II:- ITC G'lT ' i R .
LUG'Ji 'Ur ijijr *j K
MWA5KILC O J E ^ .
27.477NZA-UJAK4A
234i?
u23501 . ...".
23507
?3»:.2YA
2 3 513 . _ _ .
2 5! 01
-5TO7ITUilGO25i.:.O
25)16 '."..
?5? Jl .Zin
GUI.
KO
2 540 ^
"S4-" 9
j . 4 A
("•" 'j * ' "
2 5 r 0
- c r, - o
A__
2
3 4
...?4"
__? 4
34
3r
"is"35
S I
51
51
51
_53
•13
- • • 5 v
...54
.55
_ 55"
55
cc
3
"?
_ 1
-3
-v
222
?
122•3
J_22
il2121
;>
-
_?t'.
z
2
->?
1
4
2
2222212
112Ii
2i
2?212222
I
2
J-.
?c
2
"z
5
?
2T
22?
121
212213?
223132
-J
2
i
I
p
• >
?.
27i
-
i
6
zCV
z2
oe2
001
002
or
002
o52
002
002
00i.
.00
00'2
00i .
.or"
00
00
• i1-'- i
00 .
00
7
•a
t .
?
2
32223
32
2323
•a
32•a
*i
'?7
-
•a
?
3
8
- i
* • ' .
i
;»_2
2
223i3
32
123c32
3.232-,.
-; •
• •
"?
3r
p
2
9
....?3ii
2-1;
2
...62
* 82
1742
999?
172
149?02
ob2
2 5 i2
2.19
"2tO2
C 1
•>
2221
1.5 7?
74
10
._n
c2
J ?202
292
472
9992
4 ;2
697.
272
??2.
l i d2
~ "~4?
3 7
C?
. .552
'ea
?". e,
'.. 2v;
225
2(j
2
11
4?•424242
42
>2424
o
2225222
22
2
2j
?
222*>22?.222
12
.e.3?3212
21
23i
1?22222122
. 21
7
?2
2
• >
2
2' ?'
i
""'/!
i
?2
13
2<?'21292
I29292
" 72^?
29292
" 2~4•>9->
' " 62?.o
5?.'
. l "T
?
2)?9
_ 2 _
14
2171
?12
l"2\21•7
22"i
21212
" 1?l•>
12
«
"_ 2
- - ,
•;'"?
1•5
X7
z
15
C4
092
C82
C62
C72
*ci
?.o2
C61
\~*\
cei
072
101
C31
\0
. 2 5T
1 5?
042
! 2I
201
1 e•,
T9?
16
.....2.•52?222
3222223
2j
2
2222
.".3"V
3?3?
" " 23?
3?1
. ^ .
1
i
a
2
17
_ )
. 1
212
22121•7
1?
2 .
I.211
2j
j
. . ' 2 .
• • • •
1•?
1>1
" 1
221
?
2
18
i ; 5?
1 ; ^2
l ; 5?
i ;52
i ;42
1 . ; ^
2J ; 4
l ; 52
4; 52
1 i '2
1 .52
1;C?
1-.5?
l ; 5
i ; 5•%
- ; j-.
1
J ;o
l ; 5
1 :5
l ; 5
J ; ?
1 ; 57
19
4
24?
22
42224232_2
2
c2c
2
4' ' 2
4?j 1
' •
c
£*•
1.
7c
2
20
£
22?3212
32
2-»
i
r
2
-
->•a•%c
2
£->
2
21
.' ?"?
' ?
T
_ >
t
2
X2j
21
?1?
1
Jc7I•y
V2?
?_ 1
2
"i
2
17
7
7'•->
20
22
" •
1
". 1i
I
l"\1
)).1
\
s -
1
1
i
7
Ic
"_ 3" i
l.i
• t
41.
......"i
3,>
1
I
2
23
?i
P
'/z2
92929£
2
'r
>
>
9?
1
}cJ9?
•,7c
p
1
£
j
2c,~
2
24
... 777
..... ^
22
3\i13
J1
1*c
i
1
•3
- ;
-
1
\
\
• :
• ;
.3
•5
•5
?
25
.r.. ; ^ / '-.(p (/ H w f" 11; .7 '-
•<•".<". H V C
??'"'>".?^I.'CHVD? ° '. 2 ; 2
???•>".?'1 b ' H V C- v ? ; - ••>
•>!•?:• := j
'•••"iOiivr" " ' . t - . • ' . v
Vt-CHV!"
? ? " • » ? :
M F. r fivr'• i * •'• 'i.
''{'J ? : i
-. . , , .,..unr .-j\/[*9 9 \ 9 -. •>
- ? ' ' ' . " 2
1 2 ? ~ ' .'
••IHCHVI:T 0 •) '. % 7
MAr.HVO-) •> i - ' 1
' ' " ' . ' ' - -
•? ? ? • > • ; • )
2 2 .? ? *' ?
26
"T _' •
i
1
%
1
I\X
<f•,i1\1
*)< j
)
~ \
•J
_. .^.
9
7'-;
i1
1
qi
• •
•
Q
1
27
XY?
^ • - ' .
X ' ?- -. ~
X Y £
• > 9 ?
XYZ' * -
X 11
X Y 7
? r 2y y 7i --.
X Y /" " ~j
- 9-/
X Y /*. 7 ?
y Y/9 - -
X Y 7
1 •
XY '1 7 7
y Y 7
' • "
v y 7
} " "
< Y . »v :< -1
X Y {" " • ' ,
XY 11 ". 1
Kt I
< « !•1 - . -
XY,7.7 % >
28
01
20032005200120
01200120082008?0012001200 !200120
012001200120
01?00120
03?00120012001200120
29
0300010001000100
01000100010001000100010001000100
0001000100
01000100
OJ000100010001000100
30
101010I0
2010J010t,
010A0J0
103070
?
0»0
1010
010
0
31
" 1010
1010
i01010101010
1010
" 10
" 1010
' 101
_ 0
1.0101010t0
32
7
030
020
301030101030
1020
203010
1010
201010I020
33
\ \0101010
10101010I010
1010
101010
1010
•j
090101010
34
1
0101010
10101c1010
»01020
102010
J020
1010101020
35
6
147
1
?3
1(.1
60\
1271
9999
262
60I
372
491
2351
432
19\
591
2051
251
999q
POT1
3 1 71
03.
36
1
993
993
991
99
299916
.99999999
33
9999
55
998
99
9951
992
99
7099
A9 9
<599926<)V1 99 )
<y
9900
37
212
22
1
1I\21?121?12I7.J2
1
21
?1
1
2I
12I
12V2
2
COLUMN 1
Meatu division
COO^'R._25609KIS rSftCCHClR. 2565.2
MWAMAUUECODflR. 25701USIUl UECUULNR. 25702HiiUSilICu^t ' lR. 2*712MW-VIYOMdACCJt'lR.
NKuiACODtNR. 25801ID-VGOCUOt'lR. 2c=3O4.
Mwagalli division
. ' iw . ; s iTr
MWAtiAYANOC
COl ' f lR. 2730o
MWJt*'" L'TULiJ
N. 2 740!
riU3fr WA-UJf.MAACC'UE\'R. ?T.\Z ...1 WV" i,H
ZP3IY4CKli'lR. 27f01SL'.'AMI
KUIIMICOD£N«. 275O3__MwANINDQ_C.flDENR. 27519
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13- 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
__56_2_2 3_OC_3_1__6S9 1 ? _ 2 _ 3 _ 2 I C 7 _ 3 1 l j ->_ ?_->__ 1 1 9__. 2 _ 2 _ 2 . 2 J . _ 2 _ _ l 2 _ _ 2 2 2 _ 2 _ 2 2 2 _ 2 2 2 2 2 1 , ?
5 6 2 i : 0 0 3 3 6 2 1 2 2 2 3 _ I C 5 2 I i ; 5 2 7 '•, 1 ;
_ 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 ? ? 2 ? ? ? ?5 6 .? 2 *. u O 3 \ 1 4 ^ C 2 .? 3 1. ^ 2 1 ' ; 5 2 4 ' ' "
' 1 1 2 2 2 2 " ! 2 ~ " _ 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 ? 2 ? ? ' i5 6 2 2 7 0 0 3 I__ 5Q 0 2 2 I 3. ? 0 2 ) I ; 5 ? _ *• ? _ 3 3
. 1 .1 2 2..'> .2 2 2 . 2 2 2 ? \ ? 1 ? 2 2 ? ' 257 ?. 2 2 0 0 3 a U 18 3- 2 1 i \ 3 3 1 1 ; 5 2 4 2 3 *.
2 2 2 2 2 t 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 25 7 I I 1 0 0 3 2 6 3 7 2 2 9 1 C2 3 J. 0 ) 5 * 0 ? 1 <5
2 *; £ 2 2 ^ ?. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ? ; - /5 7 U 3 0 0 3 1 4 3 6 8 2 2 9 1 Cft 3 1 1 ; 5 2 4 3 i 5.
2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 ? 2 2 2 2 ? 2 2 2 ? < 257 Z 2. 2 0 0 3 3 31 0 2 2 9 i C6 3 2 1 : 5 2 4 ? 3 1
1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 ? 2 2 2 ? ? / .
5 8 2 2 2 0 0 3 3 3 1 2 2 9 1 C3 1 I' 1 i 5 6 9 9 9 5" " 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 _2___1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 _ i_
56 * 2 3 00 3 " C l 6 2 2 9_Ti""c6 3 . ' 1 .1 j~5 ? 3 2 "> "s_ _2 2. 2. .. 2_2...2 2 ......2 ...2 ...2....2_..;2. . .2. . . 2 2... _ ?.. . 2 . . . 2 _ 2 . 2 ?_.
7 3 2 2 3 OC'i'Y l\ " C 2 2 ~~5 1 : 5 ~ " ? 1 i j S ? "? "?'" f," T1 2 ? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 ? ? * ? 1 2
__73_<J 2 3 . 0 0 2 . . 1 . 2 4 7 __.73 . 2 ? .9 _ 2 C6 3 . 1 1 ; f 2 2 ! \ S. . . i »' 2 . 3 2. ; : . _ . . 2 . . . . . . 2 ._ 2. ,7. 2 . 2 2 > ? ? > I 1, \ Z
. 7 3 J 2 3 0 0 i 5 _ 0 . 0 2 . 3 5 I I t 2 2 5 ; 4 2 3 ? 1 91 . r 2 . 2 / ! Z ? . . . 2 . ?- _Z _?. 2 2 . . . 2 . . . .? ? ; ..?_ 2 I . ?
" " 7 4 2 2 3 Of, 3 r " " l l " ' u ). 2 ~<3 " l C t ' 2 1 I ; ? ? 3 2 ~ 1 ' ?1 ? J? t 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 ?. \ I \
7 4 2 J •>. 0 0 i 3 5 1 4 9 1 2 9 1 C t 1 ? 1 ; 2 .: •> ? : ',1 2 J Z 2 ? 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 ? ] . 2 ? 2 ? i ' ?
7 « 2 2 3 0 0 ? fl 0 ">S .? 7 2 I C 7 2 1 l j j " * ' ^ 11 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 .? 2 ? J 2 1 1 ,7 ? ? J ' ' 2
7 * 2 ] 2 00 i 3 . f 56 2 3 9 A C6 1. 1 5 ; 0 4 " V 3 _S1 £ 7. 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 ' 'a ' ? 2 " 2 I " " ? " "
74 :: i ;>. w ? y_ 4 1 o 2 2 .9 1 cd •>. 1 l ; 1 ; 2 3 1 3 c2 i 2 Z i_ c .2 2.._ 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 2 . 2 2 ?.. J 2 2 2 . . . 2.
75 2 i 2 0 0 3 3 2? " l l " " 2 " 2 3 "' >. CS"" l " J 5 ; <> " 2 ~ ' ? ' I '<?1 2 . • • 3. ? Z _ ' 2 7 1 _ ? _ ? 1 ? ? 2 2 ? ? ' 7
7 5 . : 1 I 0 0 3 2 , K C 2 2 9 X C4 1 1 5 ; 4 * ? ? ? ?_1 2 .1 J! ?_2 2 _ 2_ _2 t _ \ _ Z 2_ 2_ 2 2 2 _ i _ ? 2 ? '
7 5 2 1 3 0 0 3 1 17" _2.8 ) 2 9__ 1 1 0 _ i_ 3 . 7 i 0 2 3 2 ? 11 2 2 . 2 2 2 2 2 _ 2 2 _ 2 _ _ 2 2 _ 2 2 _ ? 2 7 2_ >' J> '
_T3 i__2_3_Q0 ? 3_123. 67 2 2 8 1 12 2 J J 1 5 _ 2 _ > _ 2 _ 1 <-_2_2 _2 2. 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2__2__jL_ 2_ L 2_
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
?2_7
2
7
1..1
2122
3
2
91• : ,
2
7
13I22
3l
\
l
I
7
•.
1
\
7
07
1
v -3 C H 7 C? 7 J 7 V ?
"wr.f Hi/r7 7 7 7 7 7
P 7 ? y 7 7
? " ' > £ . ?
M'Jr.liVC
" ( IT HVD7 •: 7 -• I 7
Mt'Chvn
1 7 J 1 7 7
M'lr.HVP? ? ' J 1' 2
M"Chvr.7 7 7 7 P J
7 7 1 7 7 1
Mt C HV07 : ^ V ' 7
1,1V,,
~ni.iv/u7 7 " 7 •< 7« B r. H 7 r? . - ' • ' ? *MI u r MV 0/ 7 1.7 "> 1
w p. r H v r
- - 1 • -• -c
v n r i i v n7 7 7 7- ^ 1
vr-CHVC7 7 7 5 7 7
1 ? V 2 - '
'•'-•CHVO171 7 "• 1
MPXHvr1 2 2 ' . ? ? ?
1
?1
?
•>"
7
1
7
7
]l
\1
V
l"
?7
t ;
r_.\
• >
". V
1
1
?<7
"" .
Cl
7
.. -
117
_ 97
c• , "
0
XVI77 7
XV 'r 7 7<y /1 ?""v y ^1 ?•>
XY£1 7".
X V»- 77v v 7A T '
XV !? "
XV?7 77
X V7 7?
7 >1
xv£1 7 ,
» » ?7 " . >
X i '- ^ -
xv ?1 7 ••
< * /
1 * 1
xc;177
X V '7 -. T
X V £7 17
X V£2 "X V7 * :XY?7 7 7
0 12 0042 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 12001200 42 0
0 12 0
0 12 0
0 82 00 82 00 12 0
2 00 12 0OS2 00 1
ao0 12 0
0 12 0OJ.100 1200 12 0
0 10 00 1000 10 0
0 10 0
0 10 00 10001000 100
0 10 0
0 16 0
0 10 00 1000 100
o0 00 10 00 30 00 10 00 10 0
0 10 00 1000 10 00 10 0
.3.._0
010101010
010
10
40
30301 '0
010101 . .010
1020
30
a0
10
i010101010
010
10
20
101010
01.01
010
10 .
1 •
0102010
301010303030
020
10
i0
303030
0I0101010
1010i .010
101010
101010
0
10
90
20
1010
10
010101010
10101010
202010201020
020
20
10
10103.0
0202.020
10
102.010
" \.0
6 6 71
5 01
4 31
5 01
6X
312
0 <
23 1
1
2162
1.1J
1 7 4
0• -
r\
u3ai
2 22
5 62
1
1 11
3 01
1 12
56
4 99 9
79 9
99 9
49 9
9 91
993399
25
9 9
09 9
9 91
09 9
69 9
00
ft
u00
9 99 9
29912
699
29936999 9
1S
..._--_9_9
12I2)7
\7
I2I21212
12)2
12I2)
2
1217
I21
12
I2V
\212
COLUMN 1
Mwagalla division (continued)
SANUA-MWAlUGcSHS ._..COnF (JR._275?O
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
.C.liriFNR. 2 76X.0
"iHtLIMO ~ . "COOEMR. 27701.
NGULIGIJLICGPLNR. . 27703 ... ..IPILIUT...CODENR. 27707
_75 2 2 3 00 3 Z 0 0 2_ 3 6 1. 07 2 1 5 ;5 « 2 2 ?• _1 2 *"*CMVC 1 XYZ 01 01 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 12 ...2 2 .....2_.2_2. ._.?. .?___? 2 ?_..?_. .2 _..?.__1 i _....?.._.?.. .?.. 1._.»...? °2' . 5 ? 2 __?_.' " . . 2 0 00 O 0 0 0 0 3 0 2
""76"" 2 2 2 0( 3 : - - - ^ - - ^ - 0 - — ? - - - - - - ? — , n " 2 " 1 1 ; 5 " 2 3 2 ? " " ? " ?' "HC'iVn' / ' l^XY' 01 01 2 1 1 1 2 7« 15 1I 1 2 2 1 "2 ~t " '? _ 2 2 ~_2 " ? 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? "_ 7 ? ? 7 ' 1 '1*' '. ' " ' 20 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 99 2_ 7 6 : 2 I OP "l XZI 0 _ t 2 ~Z~~ V 1 C7 :-.""\"i;^'" 2 '?'"?'" 1. " V " •=. M«ChVC" '">' <YZ 0 8 0 5 2 1 3 L 1 6 9<3 1
~S\_i- 2 1.. ?"2..:J.?_'_'2l_2 ..^2 12 ~^2_.. 2_._2 2 . 2. 2 2? ?_..?__ 2 " ? 1 ?.' ?. 1. .q.I ?1 ' 2° 0 0 ° . ° ° ° ° 2- 2 2
T72" 2 2 0 0 3 " i"~67 ~ 56i '~5"" V ~ 9 ~ " T ~ C B " " 2 A 1:5 ? " ? "">" T ~ S ? ^HCHVC " ? ' XY£ 01 01 2 1 3 1 1 11 2 I_ 2 2 2 ... t 2 2 2 2 ... ?. 2 ...2. .2 . . 2 ... 2 .. 2 _ 2 . . . ? . _ ? . ? . ^.... « ,? ' ? ' ; ' ' ! . « . ? ' ? JO CO 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 99 2
-77 2 2 2 CO 2 ?. 95 ZE 2 Z <• i 10 3 1. 1 ; 5 2 3 '•> 1 - S 2 VFC^VC I KY? 01 01 2 1 3 1 1 67 8 I: ; : ; ? 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 .1 2 2.1 ? ^ 2 2 2 ? ' 20 00 0 o 0 0 0 i 99 2
_ I 7 2 2 3 00 3 3 2 ? 4 _ 6 7 _ 2 _ ? I 1 C9 3 1 1;5 2 ? 2 I S 2 M"CHVD _?, XYZ 01 01 1 0 3 1 1 157 10 1, _ I l 2 . 2 2..? ^2: . 2 2 _ . 2 _ 2 . _ _ 2 . _ 2 ! ... 2. . . . 1 . . _ 2 2 _..2 ? . ? 2 X ? 2 ? ? 2 ? 3. .">?? 20 0 0 . . 0 . . . 0 0 0 0 1 99 2
I 7 X 2 2 3 C 0 2 3 T Z o r i T c I I l 2 _ ""il l" 1!'C6 '_ ' ? ! ' " '2 5 ; 5 " " " 5 ~ ' l ' ' Y ~ ) ' s" 2 " I B C ^ V O ' I V XY? 0 3 0 3 " l l l l 1 1 2 - 0 0 1
COLUMN 1
KAHAMA DISTRICT
Kahama division
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
i I S A G C H F 1_2 3 2 3 _ 0 0 2 _ 3 91 _ 0 _ _ 5 I 9 1 0 3 ). 3 1 ; 5CO'jrV=>.. 31201 1 2 i 2 ? . 2 2 1 2 1 7 2 \ 2 \ 2M H ; L ' J . ; " * U 12 3 2 ? r o ? l 1 4 4 ? ? 5 1 9 1 0 5 . 3 1 ) ; 5: ' A . f ' , R . l J ? i J 2 2 ^ 2 i ? k 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2M P ^ A 12 5 i I 00 I1 '. J4 "57 ? i J : 28 >, 3 5 ; 5
lCU'1C;R. 3 1 2 1 7 _. J < J i. 2 2 2__ 2_ 2 2 2 2 2 . 2 . 2 Z.ITi.ir.MNHU _ J ? 3 . 1 i 00 2. ?.__ _ Q_ 18 2 1 S 2 .01 _ ? . 3 3;"5
~CUt>e*;R. 3 1 ? C 5 _ Z I I 2 i. c 2 2 2 _ 2 2 ? 2 2 2 2PUD.IrHT _ J 2 _ 3 i i 00 2 2 _ 3 4 54 2 1 9 _ 1 02 1 1 1;5_C O i L ' i P . 2 J c 3 1 ! 2 ? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ? 2 2 . 2 . 2 .IHY.'.ViiJ i j 3 2 2 01 ? 1 9^9 999 6 i « ' 3 Ct 3 1 I; 5C i O f ' R . ? I 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ?SA";r . ' l»A i 2 3 2 ? 00 ? 3 0 _ 5 2 \ 9 1. 0*. ? 3 l;f .C O ; > : N S . 3 1 2 3 3 '.__.___'_ _ _ ? , I 2 . 2 . . 2 2 . L _ I 2 . c 2 . _ 2 _ 2 _ 1 . 2 2 2
MRCHVO2 _ 2_ 1? ? 13 2 1? • > ? .? 1 :
2 2... ? . . ? _ I _\ 2>.'i>?'l }. ' : ? 1.0 009 . 9 9
CO'.'F.f'R. ? 13 !• 0NH'JMKI
IS^i".-"CII - .U:NR. 33.3-.19NTU'IGULUCU'if IR. 3 ) 3 3 0lT'.!3.<ANr, 'HOLDcam I .R. .3?. ; : ;
13:Vz I O C T Z 5 5 « z 9_ 2 2 2 2 2 2 ' 2 " 2 " 2 " " ? " 2! • 3 2 •$ OC £ 1 228 14 4 1 ~9'
c \ Z 7. 2 2 . I 2 1 ? . 2* 2 3 ^ " OC 4 ? ' 2A E ' 4 \ ' 5
2 ." ? •:' ; 2 ~>. ? \ ,v ?1 3 ? 2 '. ji.-'' ' .- 0 0 4 " 5. 9
_ 1 2 1 ,> i 2 _ 2 _ 2 2 .7 213 3 1 0 OC 2 Z 999 °99
? i 2 . A ? 2 . . . ?..._.?.
2 12? 2 .1 C6? 2• > • C5
7 1
3 C-72 ?1 02? ? .
1 l ; 6. ? . . . . 2 .) 1;5
5. I;.":? <" .
.?_ 2
2 i_? 2
? 1.
3 M T ; - I V C
\ 2>.'i>?'
9MRCHV02 ?2» ?.??"9 "RC'tVO2 ' *>? ??• ?2 *"lO'iVC!? 2 2 ? n~ MHChVO
2 MBCHVP~2 ? ? ? ? ? ?
2 MSCHVc. 2 •>•>•> .?- : -
1 •>•?•>•>?:
2 ' ? ? • ? " • ' '
? MiiCHVP".2..?"?.'." 2..
I XY7 06 03? \2? 30 oo? XYZ 01 0 1a ' Vi 20 OO"> VY/ 03 03 1
? U ! 01 01"V~» ?2' 10 OO'? \YZ 06 03° ' 'i? 20 00' <Y£ 01 011 ->?' 20 00' XY' 03 03
".?"'..?'' 20 OO
"Z \IT 01 01° ' ? ' 20 007 <v? 05 01'i • " 20 00' !(VZ 03 01' • > : - • > a o 0 0' XV7 o l 0 19 *>••' 2 o 00? 'xYi ! 0 3 0 3
3 . .7?" 30 00
1 1 10 o 01 1 10 0 0
1 10 0 01 1 1O O O
1 10 01 20 01 10 0
1 10 010
\ 1 2 10 0 0 01 1 3 10 0 O 0
a 90 01 10 0
1 1 10 0 o
1 91 110 1 992 11s 70 1 -391 A3 99
2 9818 99
2 SO20 99
Z 342 999 99
9 99S 992 1
1 000 3 0X 214 260 1 991 19 40 1 992 000 301 999 99o g 99
• i r . ' . p .•>•..• t i p :
c o ' i t N - . ? : b : 7M W A ' I ' s i
cr-:)v '!R. sv?? iilium .C O ^ C K . 3?:<*9••.h.T.jJL:-i
j ? 3 2
3.5 ? 2
IS 3
?ct,
2 r
2 3.
%
i342
i3?
25
1 2_..l._'£_
t.7'202C
. 2 .
1 r-4
2 ?2 c t222 03
1 ' ? " ? • • :
s r. • • • • J C H V .
2 ° " ?2 ;>?
> « v ; o l 0 1•• ->• ao 00" <v/ 0 1 OL= : . - 20 001 XY? 08 04r •"•> 20 00' U ' 01 01
. ' ' ° ; 20 00
1 1o 0
1 1o 0
1 1 3 10 0 0 0a 1 1. 10 0 0 01 1 10 0 0
1 129 (S30 1 <;«1
01020
19 932 5
33 31 99SI1 9 9
C I ' - L \ : - : k . : !*>(.• 3
M , , . ; - l t i . « _
C l •' . • r . : ' f . '.ilfrib
" C l X ' f ' • & . . : ? '.'19
: » . , : . j? oio
•*'. <r, ; 4
C00-:|3. 31ociKAl-ri^t"CJ'Jf.'R. 316J3SHUIUCOUE'-IR. 316^2
1 6 ? : 1 OO ? 2 Ts V:i i. .' t 2 2 .? ?
16 3 2 • 00 2 3 "_ 5 _ 5-i I TJ ?. ^ 2 _ " 2 " _ 2
16 j 2 '. 00 2 2 0 0I 2 2 .J. 2 2 _ .2 . .2 .
ifc 3 2 i 00 3 2 29 102 2 ; :.• 2 . 2 2 .2.
1 6 3 00 3 2i t. '. I 2 I
16 3 <: 2 00 3 32 X 2 2 2 2
16 3 2 1 00 3 2_ 2 k. < 2 2 2
215
202
215
202
2 24 12 . 24 12 ?
3 0 3 }. I I ; 5" ? ' 2 2 . ? ?
? 3 ^ ? ? 1;52 . 2 2 2 "T. 05 2 1 ? ; 52 2.. 2_ i ... ?
1 0?2 ^3 04223 0 72 2
f O ; O2 t
1 5 ; 5
2 22 1 , 51 J?
? 12 2
. H •••i'CHVC~ •> •: ; • 5 ••• -
; . r . . - H v n
? " - " ; ? - • - : "3 "QCHVO2 " • " ' : " :
? "«rHvr
2 ?2?'<:?2 "HCHVH2 -'????:2
': yYZ 04 0 1•: •"• 2 0 00'. x y7 01 02• " ' - 2 0 0 0
V *V ' 04 0 2. ' ' • " ' ' 2 0 o o
- ' . " 0 1 0 1- . " - • • - > 2 0 0 0
^ X Y ? 0 1 0 1r '. '•' 20 001 X Y Z 0 1 0 1I ?'-' 20 00" XY7 02 029 ? Z? 20 00
10101 1o1 1
1 2 10 0 01 2 10 O O
1 10 0 o
3 10 0 0 0
1 10 02 . 100110 0
1 1O O2 10 01 1O 0
3 . 0
1 99O b3 0O O3 0
1 19 170 1 99
0 03 o0030003 0
C 0 L U M N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37D.kama division
[ I B O J A 2 1 _ 3 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 3 6 <. 1 9 1 C 5 3 1 S ; 5 b 2 ?. 1. 9 2 M b ' X V C I x v z 0 8 0 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 6 9 9 1C O O L E R . " 3 7 . 1 0 1 " _ 1 2 . 2 2 ) . 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 .2 2 .? 1. 7 1 ? ? ? ? " ? i ' "> 2 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2NHl iKO _ _777_?i ._? 4 3 00 3 J7_79 i n 4 1 9 3 C6 3 ' . . 1 , .5 _ A _3 ..?._ i >' ? «PC-iVL 1 * Y ^ 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 69 S I
. CUJV.MK. . 3211 d __ 2 1 2 . i . I ?... ... ? ... 2 . .?. 2 P.. 2 ? 1 2 2 7 .'.'.?. . . 7.. 1 " " I . - ' . ' , ' ' 20 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 99 221 3 £ 2 CO 2 . 3 . 5 . _5 4 1 9 1 C6 3 . 1 ..1 i 5 . 4 2 . . .2 ...;. 9. ;> •'•^HVf: i x v / 08 01 1 1 1 1 2 10 99 '.
321*3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ?. 2 ?. .? 2 2 2 ? ?. 2 j. ?•'?•>-l l. " •" 20 00 0 0 0 0 0 J 2 22 ^ 3 2 1 .00. 3 2 _ 0__ .C 4 _ 1 9 2 C7 3_ ?, 115 _5 _ J, ? ] _ ' , .1 MHCHvr_ '. X»' 08 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 20 99 1
COfHT'.'R. . 3£ )29 i 2 2 2 2 . 2 _ 2 2 . 2 2 . 2_. 2 2... 2 ....?... 2 ?._.?. 2 ! 2.....1 ? ? ? i . ' i ..1 '"-. ' 20 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 2 .I O U I i ' A 2 1 3 3! *» 0 0 :- 3 i f i ? l f •<. 1 <i 2 0 6 ? X J i f '• 7 7 1 9 . . •> " ' K H V D ' x v ? 0 8 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 9 2 9 9 \tuiJLmft. $ 2 1 3 ^ ' _ i 'i. 2 i i / *. i . 2 i * \ i. ? 1 t .". * C j . a ' "•*'. • ' ••' i "1 36 ito o o 0 o 0 a ** ?I IT ' IVE ' _ i l 3 2 1 00 3 1 . 3 1 5 ? \ 9 V OS 3 T 1;5 <• * l _ ' J- •! •"*'. <V0 ' XY/ 01 0 1 1 1 2 0. L 10 1 2 1C'-n£! iP. 32J .50 2 1 .'. ?. 7 2 ? 2 2 2 2 .? 2 ? 2 . 2 . . ? 2 2 . :> 2 ? ?>•-.:••'; « ?'•'• 20 00 O o 0 0 O 1 99 2KPJIC-riIHA 2\ 3 2 3 0'". .2 ? 10. . . . 0 4 _1 _ 9 \ C5 3 _'. ?. ; 5 . . 5 . T . ^ < - _ ? _ / • ' • (ChV _ \ v / 0 1 01 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 1C U I t ' I R . 3 2 1 5 1 "7"_" " ^ 1 2 2 . 2 . 2 . . 7 7 _ 2 _ . £.... 2.. ~ 2 2 .._ 2 ' 2 . .2 _.\ . 2 . 2 . .2. .1... . 2 . 2 . 2 1" "•>? "» . i .1? '• 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 1 9 9 2
" K I S M N T - U J A V A A _ ? i 3 I :. OO 2 2 0 ?. 4 1 _ 9 _ ? 0 2 3 > 5 ; 5 1 5 7 ' 9. "> -""tCHV^ ' » Y 7 0 6 0 3 1 1. 1 1 1 1 9 9 1C U D f v l R . 3 ? 3 5 3 _ 1 2 2 i . 2 2 _ . 2 2 2 _ 2 2. . . . 2 ? . 2 ? 2 . 2 . ^ Z ? . ? _ I " ^ ; ; ' : : V r _ ' . 7 " > 2 0 0 0 O 0 O ft O 2 1 . 2I O ' J J ' . - U J A M A A _ 2 l 3 \ ?. GO 2 2 _ _ 5 7 7 X ^ J. _ 9 _ 7 l " O S 3 _ 3 ? ; f r> ^ c- •>_"? _ -i •••4'-.HVIi _ ' * ' 7 0 6 0 2 1 1 2 9 2 6 6 9 9 I
"C03f .NK. : 2 : . 5 H _ 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2_ ! 1 2 . 2 2 2 2 ' _ 2 ? ' _ ??.lI:'\? n ' ' ? • 2o n o a o 0 0 o 2 7 2 2
<Il . fCO 2e 3 2 3 0 3 5 3... 26 13 5 1 9 1 r 7 3 > J ;C 5 1 . . ? . .." c i MHCMVI. 1 *v? 0 1 0 1 1 V 2 1 1 1 3 1 1. ' C - J I ' - : V C ' . . " 2 : : c i ' . ? _ . : : i y . 2 2 2 . . . ? . .1 . ._•?....2.. 2 . . _? . . . ; ; . . . 2 . ?. . ' .? '• . ? . . ' • -•>-••>•••.• \ • -••• 20 00 0 0 o 0 0 1 9 9 2
>iA'u~ _._ : i ! i :. 00 " 2 .. 0. ..j t . .5... \ .9. _i". jfl . .3 ....V.«;T . c .^ ....'•.. ° . s.. 9 ' " ) rnv5 . .? . v»? 02 0 2 1 1 2 9 1 a s 99 1C U J " ' : " . . : '?_'i3 •• 1 _ i ? ; z 2 .2 z 2 ? ? z . r - ; : • * ? • • r -->-:.-'-. c n 2.0 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 i * 2•iHX\.h^Mi 22 3 X X -X 3 1 Q__^__2 1 9_ 1 C6 _ ? _^ ?iC _c ?. 2 \ _J_ '•> •«.•*<• HVr. ' *v ' . 01 01 I 1 2 1 1 6 99 1COL'iViR. l?.l\l 2 .'i..? t.1.7 2_ 2.._.?7. ?....2 . .2 2. . . 2 _..2 ? ._ . .? . . .?_. . /" . ._ .? . . . ?_. . . ; . . ;'••••* ^ . . . . r : . . " ' " 20 00 0 0 . O 0 . 0 2 6 6 23UT.'^<«'W.)(in ?2 3 1 i OC 2 ? 0 0 2 i 9 1 07 3 ! ?. ; 5 '3 3 " -5 1 M-JChVn •> ' V O i 01 1 1 1 1 1 001O'jnr.'l0-. !Z'..3 _ _ ; - . . ' . i ? ? 2_ ? 2 2 2 ? 2 ? ? •? " _ ? " ? ? \ •••:•:•>:••' ' ~ •">' 20 00 O 0 0 0 0 3 0 2
" C n j i f "_ 32 3 2 i: 00 3 3 0 0 5 1 9 i CV 3 I 1 ; 5 * .? ? J S 3 •'L-r>.v:; ^ x y» 04 01 1 1 _. I 1 0 0 1" C'JOfr . t . '•?'-.! _ .." _ ? 2 _. ' 7. ? 2 . ? 2 2 . I 2 2 2. 2 . ,? _ ? . . ? 7: ? .1 ; '-. •>•.•>•.•-•••>"_•>_•>-••. 2 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 ?ClIA-'f- 0 _ " _ 2 _ 3 2 2 PC 3 3 t.1 C 2 1 9 l C6 " " l;5 5 . 2 T _; 5 "? "'iC'IVf; ' XY? 01 01 1 1 1 1 1 61 8 1CII:"'".-IK. :>rr?.; _ x i ? : ? z i _ ? ? 2 ?. z 1 2 1 ? ' .? " • • ? : ' T-:1 "•:••• • •>-• 20 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 99 ?I SUf-'. I. TL'i '" ?.' 3 ? 2 CO T i 10 0 5 1 9 \ is 3' I. 5 ;? ^ 4 3 3 > < '1hVKVr" \ -<VZ 01 01 1 1 1 1 2 10 2 1cfi['c!f.. ;i:^6 __ z c :. : ?. c ? ^ _ 2 2 y z 2 ?. ?. 1 ? 2 -> a 2 ?. •> 7 •.•>•'•: \ •"- 20 00 0 0 0 o 0 1 99 2
" K I L i - S f l - ' l j f •!/. * . ' ? ' 3 ''. •" 00 ? 2 12 11 5 X ' ? » 0 ? . ^ T l ; 0 ~ I ? '• ' 9 ; " ' ^ , O 4 \ » ! _ ' > :v 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 .* C D " r : - l ^ 3 « " > 7 7_ ; 1 " 1 2 2 ? 7 2 " ? "\ 2 " ' ? 2 2 ' 7 .. ?, ..? . ? ? ' " ?"'"•. "'-•'•? ' -'• ' " • • > • • 2 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 9
TULU F-UJ«.UA ''•""" 77 '22 3 '. ?. 00 3 ? J _ 0 _ " l 8 5 " l " '•? 1 05 ?. 3 1; { 5 ? ' 1 " ? ' 7 1 « r H V ^ ? v v ' OA 02 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 99 1" c o o t - . ? . ;-.r-;^3 ."'."7.77 ! ' l . . ' - '•''. s ? .'.— .?. 7 .2 7 <- _>- 7?. 727 2__? 7 2 _ ? . . ? . . ; . 7 . . . • . ; . ; ? ? - ' V : . • " . 20 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2
" • • l P U I i r " 2 3 3 «; P. 0 0 ? 3 25 ' " " 0 ^ " l •? " ? 0 A 3 2 S ; 0 5 ? 2 " ~ i ' " « " " = " ( • ' -IV ; ' " " \ v Y.' O S 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 5 5 iC O " : " ' - ; * . 3 L . - 0 1 • - ' •• " 2 ? i 12 2 ?.'"' 1 2 2 ? 3. 5 " ? '7 ? ? J: " " "• " .' *> T r-r> •.'•-• ''•> ••-- 2 0 00 0 0 0 0 o 1 9 9 2LSlrtl '?.'."3 2 ? CO 2 ' j 0 0 " T' " i."" 9 " "2 Of ~3 2 3.; 5 5 7. ? • ' <? ' 3 " " f n v i 1 ' v v ^ 0 8 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 0
' C . . n n : : f t . S T ^ O S 7-777.7 1 i i . I 2 2 .... 2 . < 2 . 2. 2 ? . 2 . 2 ? 2 ? . 2.. ? '. .7.2... 2 7. 1"??? ' ? ' " ZO 00 0 0 0 0 0 3IGUSl 23 i c 3 00 3 X 86 31 A i. 9 2 06 3 ? 5 ;0 A A l . 9 J -; MxrH'/C 1 xv^ 08 01 2 1- 3 1 2 S5c r , : ^ ; k . ?2 3.:.p 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 : 2 2 2 ? 2 ? / * 2 .•?•"?'.; *. " " ' ; 10 00 0 0 0 o 0 1 99 2S .'•:. '.-£ Ah PIT '£':• 3 i :. OO 2 ^ 999 999 2 1 9 \ C5 3 1 1 ; 6 5 2 1. « 9 3 VhCHVf: T XV. 01 01 2 1 2 1 1 999 9« 1C D U L I R . 32311 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ? 2. ? j ? 2 ??->•>•>-. <••. \t-> 20 00 0 O O O O 9 99 2
, Mweli dcvition
IE 3 1 3 1 1 00 3 1 0 2 2 1 9 1 C4 3 3 5 i 6 5 ? 1 1 < ; 3 M'.CilVC 1 XYI 0 1 01 2 1 1 I 2 2 99 JCOHENR. 3 3 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ) ? 7 2 ??'?•>•>' J ">•••> 2 O O O O 0 0 0 O 2 2 2BULUNGWA 31 3 2 1 00 3 2 228 999 5 1 9 " \ 05 3 1 6 ;5 3 3 i 1 S " 3 - RCHVC 2 »Yi 0 1 01 1 1 » 1 1 999 9> 1CUUCNK. 33103 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ 2 _2 2 1 ?. _ 2 "2 22222? S ) ' - 20 OO O 0 » C 0 9 »» 2
COLUMN 1
Mweli division (continusd)
. KiflAWH.INOU . .Cl IDL' IR. "?*. 0 4ULCWi
. ton; : 1 :? . . ?? iO5
. cui 'E' ip.. ?:-:•: 6... __
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37_
C u r> ti •' I fk. 3 3 2 . U 3 .
! TULf «*
C Or»'"':P. 3SH
jL-r'/. ' f t-. i j f t .
COOL'iR. j 3 r i
BUK.': MT*A
C C P t ' ' P . : 3 ? . ' 5MA-i-'. ••;••".-\-'U'.MA/
C J ; - : I : P . . T ? - r 7
] & . : • ! /
C ' o ; • : ? . 337-11
t O O • ">n!
C --.J:>:- • • =-- ? 3 " f 8
' Siloka division
MS ASi1.
Cl-t' t : 'IK. •<-.'?. 0K.'.'li U
croc'!?.. ."•:.:7
UYHVUClTjE- i i * . 3 4 1 3 4
USHJ I-!"••('•>'»C(j-_>;.'l*. j < r 2 0 lMwALO
CO!) i ; ' :k . 3 ' 2 0 2bUTAMriiLA
lK. 34203
31
?2
3 2 27. s. ?
3 2 1i i :•.
3 ? ;?. 3 .?
3 ? 2
1 ). 1
3 2 .'.
1 i Z
3 :• ;
X I I
3 7 2
2 \ ?.
.3 i :
12?00 ? 2
\ 2 Z
OC 3 1
00 2 2 .
?. r 200 1 3
2 2 2
00 ? 2
2 ? 2
or j :..
J ?. 2
2 2 .2
Oil J: 3
2. ^ ?.
00 .'; 2
OC j ."
2 ?. 7
00 .i ;:
oo ? i
Of •>• '
2 7 2
4 1 ?• '-. T CO i
?2 3 2 2> 1
2 3 3 ? "
^ j. r.3 1 ?
> • •
41
41
41
42
42
2 i :.
3 X i
3 \ i.
i l l
i. 1 i3 2 2
i 1 2
3 2 .1» 1 2
20.3
I 07
J6
2
367
oc r; 2
2 7 . ?
00 3 ?
X Z 2
0( 3 ?
Z 7 c
oo ;. 2
1 i 2
00 i >7 y 7
00 2 1
2 2 <•00 ? 2
< 2 i
0 4
Z 2
?2 6
. 2 25 4
2
16
07
)9;J
2
0
7
1
29
2
64
3ft
. C
c
1 0 <>
2 2
. 5 . 4
> ?'
4 4
2 2
.1 09
1 03
2 2
1 iC3
2 2
2 2 2
1 2 04
2 ? 29 2 07
1 1
1 ?.
2 2
1 ?
2 2
X CS? 21 OX
2 2
Z C3"7 7
X 05;; 7r 06
';. c22 27 r-4
2 ?
3 C5
^ 2i 06
1 C6
2 11 03
2 21 C8
2 2
J. l ; 5
2 ?
2 6 ; 5
2 ?
1 ( " 3
1 ."• T1 0 "5 3.
2 1 Z!. 0 5 ^1 2 t
1 03 3
2 2 2
1 04 3
2 2 2
3 ? 6;!=.
2 ? ?
3 ) ? ; c,
2 2 2
3 5. 0 ; f
? 2 ?
2 ;-
1 ? ; ?- ) ->
1 .J.-.67. 7
.2 5;ft2 22 !;?•
I t ; 1 ?
? 2
1. 6;b? ?i 6 ; 5
J : o
SiC-
: 2
242
2 2 ?
7 7 • > - - - ' . -
3 "inc-tVC
;> 7 - 7 7 7 -.
1 Vfti".-iV!'.
7 ••••.if H\'T
T 7 ~ ", 7 •> 7
^ V A *" r 1 V P
2 ' - • • > • ' - '
~ r 7 v " 7 •:•
1 v n r H V 0
? '•• R'•.••! v r
2 "T-°
3 wHCH7r1 jy ->•>•::
? MS
1 ' ' t '
2 ?.y>i~i2
3 ..iv ^vo
i •"»•'. i lVC
J MflCHVD
2 ,?2i2?7
XY_' 01 01•:" lo ooXi? Ol 01
'"•• 2 0 00
XY7 oi 01
" " : 20 00
>Y7 04 01
-I- 20 00
«V7 04 oi
" ? " • 10 00
xv> 08 01
-•?- 30 00
XY7 04 01
"-•" 20 00
< v' OA 01- - - io ooW / 0 1 01
'•?'• 20 00
>Y7 04 01" - ' • 20 00' V 04 01- - - 20 00
XY_' 0 1 01"V 20 00
W7 01 01
/ - • 20 00»v; 04 01
' ; ; 26 oo
X Y 7 0 1 O l
•'"'.' 20 00
XYZ
1
0
1
0
10
1
0
2
0
1
0
2o10
20
2
0
2
0
2
0
J
0
1
0
1
O5 01 120 00 004 02 1iO 00 O
05 01 120 00 0
1 1 Xo o o1 2 1
0 0 0
1 3 1
1 1 1O O O1 2 10 0 0
1 1
0 0
1 1
0 o
1 1
3 1o o
2 1
0 o
2 1
2 1
0 0
1 1
0 O
^ i0 0
O 03 0
20 992 3
1 999 99
0 9 99
10
1
o1
0
2
0
1
0
2010
X
0
1o1
0
1
0
0 0
3 0
12 99
2 2
5 2.
1 9916 1+
1 99
36 8
1 99
IS 3
1 99
5 X
99
00
10
3
14 541 9i>6 13\ 995 *1
i :2
2 94S 9 0
0 9 99
1 1 123 99
0 o r 96
1 2. 12, <t
0 0 1 99
til 01 01 1 1 1 1
99 99
? 99U 2
20 00 0 0 O 0 0 1 99
04 02 1 1 3 1 2 999 99
<Y7 0 1 0 1:-• ? 20 oo
xvz o i oi" • > 2 0 Q O
XYZ 0 1 01
x l 10 0 0
0 0
1 10 0 01 1 1
0 9 99
1 0 00 3 01 999 99
9 9963 11
7 77 20 00 6 6 0 0 O L 99 2
COLUMN 1
Siloka division (continued)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
MWALn-llJAMAA .COCi=HR. 342C7
.COOtNR,.J.43Ql_-
..NSANGO
.COOc'IR. 3.4305-
_42_ 3 2 2 00 2 1 J 2 6 5 ? ? _ _ 2 X _ ? _ 1_12__2 1 5;C 5 ? ?. _ 1_
Z J _ Z i . Z i . 2 Z . . 2 X 2 " ' _ i Z _ . I Z ? . _ . . 2 . . . _ . 2 . . _ . . L _ J . . . . 2 . _ . 2 . . . , ? . _ _ Z . . _ . 2 _ 2 . . . . ? . A.4 2 3 J 1 0 0 3 1 9 . 9 9 _ 1 7 2 1 9 . . 1 C S . . _ 2 . . . 1 5 ; 0 . . 4 . . 1 2 . . . X_
_ 2 1 2 Z I Z 7. 2 ?. 2 ?. Z... 2 . . . . 2 . . . . P . Z 2 . . . 2 . . T . . . 1 .
J v.or^yp i XYZ 04 021.2..????? 2._l_?_??...2 0 00_
i....«ip-CHV0. ? X Y ' . 0 1 01-..??-< 5 •>? _ 0 .? - ; • • ?o 0 0
t _i0 01 10 . 0 .
3435.2.
43 3 2 1 00 ;. 2 _ U 3 _ 0 4 _ 1 9 XC6 3I .1 2 1 2 2 _ 2 _ 2 2...1__.2....2 .2 2
_4i_3-*_l 00 ?_!. U 2 . . . O _ A . . l _ _ 9 . _ . . l XO 3 .__2 X 2 ?. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
_ 4 3 :-> 2 2 00 3 3 100 ?5 4 7. 9 3 10 32 1 2 2 1 2 2_ 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
XV 73 5 ; 5 _ c 3 \ X 9 _2 2... ?....?.. ?._.;._l2_l.?. "?"?.i2".ZZ'i.' v:J 1 ; 5 S 9 _ Q 9 9_ 5__M(.<rHVfT. __? XY»
0 4 012 0 0 00 1 0 1
2 21 1;6
.C_i.'..:1 mrt
0. . " ? 10 00"? XY7 01 01
9 ) ? ' 20 00
1010
1 10 0
MBOGKg.COLT'IR. .34402
4.4_..3.
I'jCtlR. . 34'rOl
COOrNR.bUT!wPAC'.Ji^'-lK. 34^,1
. I 3-'YA
..Cni):i--lfv, ...3.4*Msalala division
NGMLU...CuOiiMP.. 35J01.
_4.4_2
44 2
.44'"?7
'i.4; i
2 2
-l.Z
i. 27 2
00
00
GO
00
00
3 ?7 2
?• 3? 23 2...
_ 0 _ C _ 2. i 9 ?. ? 0 _ 3__J 1 ; '_ 2 . 2 2. ?. 2 2 J 2 _ J ;
?6 O'_ J 2 _ ? _ X 13 32 _ 2 2 2 Z1 9 1 1 1 3
.?• . 7._...?... ? . 2I J . 5 3
2X2O'
.. ?34
13 ?2 .?
....0... 1
To 1. 2.._ ?
9292 2 ?9 J 07
.2 2'.. 2
. . 1 . .1 .5 .2 2J. 1:5
x l ; f
y 5 ; 5r 2
. 2 57 1
M^CHVC ?. XY? 04 01? 5 1 ? * 2_7 2 - ' ' " ' 2 0 CO^ ^ r H v r ^ X Y ? 0 1 01>j-i«r'o"-v. 70 00«PCH'/r.' " \ n » 01 01> " • " ? . i " r " " • ? o 01)H T H V C I " ' XYZ 0 1 01
> : - ? • - " ' . ' ' • • ?o 00Mb'HVO } XY7. 08 04
_77T7~7 " 1 " / ' " 20 00
10101
0 01 t0 0
51. 3 22 }.
2 00 3 11 I I I
ocCOi'fNft. 35102 2 1 2
..CUDcNR. 3 570 5.MAT6L AMGFCOOrMR. 3 5 ) 1 " ;
CCU>?'!R. 3 5 T I 3KATI'IGULUCOO^IR. 3 5 J . K
C'.:!'"''IR. 35?O5NU'i.HJ
NGAYACUnr'IR. 35301K A j n r S H ICODEM«. 35313
LUNGUYACOOE.-IR. 354.01
..51 .
.51^
51 .
.Zr 1
7 t<c? 13 12 13 1
3 /
?. 7.
2 27 1
: 1 2 2*\ 00
00
;. 002 2 i
2 X2 2r. 1? 23 1
2 2..'?_.. f 2
2 713 127
•? 259 99?
2 2
3 2 .X CO 2 2 U3 41 :. ? 2 ? i... . . . . .2 . . . . .?3 2 i 00 7 3 ZiO 2 5.•• i ;• 1 ? 2 2 ?:•» i 2 00 •» > i?.3 a?. 3 T. 2 ? 2 2 _ 2
53 3 2 2 00 .? 3 161 2 X 2 2 2 2
53 3 <! 2 CO 3 1 212 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 11 1 2
00 2 21 2 2
12
2
? 25 2 _ 1 1;52 2 2 2 ?
- 3 ' i*20I
X2
^0
2 2i ; 5 .
X ? 4 j 52 2 2 2 25 C6 3 1 5;52 2 2 2 ?2 06 3 J 1;5? 2 2 ?. ?
?. c 6 1 ' 2 l ; e?_ x ? 3 r.Z 7.C 3 X 5 ; 62 ? ? i ?X :-0 3 '•? I ; 5
2 C7 3 3 1;52 2 2 2 2
C4 3 X l ; 52 2 ?
2 2
; 2K 7
0 1
? 1
tivr.
*• XY? 08 01
\ X V 08 01-, 7 7 7
0 Vr7 ?•
1 )
064
1 1,62 2
3 32 2
? 11 e
I 3
? 1
1 «f
; 7 - 7
; 7 7 7
? : ' » . * • " "
1 7 7 7 V 7
1 Jr. r-VC
10 001 XY? 01 011 y>} 10 00? XYZ 01 01o ?'•' 2 0 002 XYZ 01 01? :--- 10 00? XY; 01 01
l _P.
10101010101
2030
10101010t02
n JO 00 0 0 0
T XV7 04 02' ' " 20 00
XYZ 01 011 ' " ?0 00XYZ 01 Ot' y - ?o 00
2 J???'ii
2 ???2'i
0. 0
? S99 49 I.. 0 9 99 2 .1 999 99 1_0 q 99 2..
0 0
1 1U 400 1 992 iS2 650 1 991 75 1*0 1 99
0 01 t0 0
J010
1010I000101
XY7 08 01 1 1 1 1771 20 00 0 0 0 0XY? 01 01 1 1 1 1
- ? / ' 20 00 0 0 0 D
i XY; 04 02 It 2 1X ' 21 10 00 0 0 0 0
0 0J 0
26 61 998 11 990 03 0
JX 91 99
1 992 5 99
•>. <J8?4 99
1 t20 1
10101020J0 2 98 2? 999 9 9 1.0 S 99 2
2 79 24 10 1 99 21 <6S 14 X0 1 99 21 105 IS 10 1 99 Z
2 12 3 10 ( 99 21 1 3 2 X0 I 9 9 Z
g
COLUMN 1
Mulala division (continued)2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
_SHM.r:L«"'
/[•• ? XYZ 01 01 \ I•-, g •>•>? 20 0 0 0 0
ri m oi 2 120 00 0
1 10 01 I
i 0 0 0
5 4 1 ? 2 05 3 ? _ ) ; 5 5 _->_? ? _ <= _3 u -2 2__.? . _ 2 _ . . 2 _ ? 2_ 2...>'.._... 2.._ 2" _ 2 2 _ . !?._<: ?
5 4 1 J ? 07 3 1 1?6 k 2. 3_ .» 2 2? _ 2 _ ? ? 3. ? 2 '< ?. £ ^ / 7_ •• J? *
20 12 2 1 5 _2 C6 3 _ 1 J,i-K__ '. _ i _ ? _J.__ ? ?? ?... ? .2 ?"__ 1. . 2.. . 2... 1 ?.... ?.....? _.•».. . . ' . . . . .?_..; . " t " ' ' L _ . ? . . . i . ' ' ' ' . 20 00 0 _ 0 _ 0 0 0
I __i 1..C4 I 3 _ j j 5 _ s :• Z :; 5 AJ-:';CHV.r.__L_.YY2._0'.._0;._.,
0 001 01 i_ 1 1 ... 1... 1
5 99 12 23 24 1 1J 99 2
5 8 A I1 99 2
25 <2 11 tt 2
COLUMN 1
BARIADI DISTRICTItilima divwon
" LUGi^UCO')c.'.K. 4 c UI N-L-.l
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 _
21_4 i 3 P0.?.._3 25 __0.__5: I :: 2 I :•- 2 2 2 2
Z\ 4 ;-. ? 00 3 ?. 3.3 _X3 ?3 _ _ 1 2 2 2 2 2 "> 2 2
LU'.U' I'I'lf
C C'JF ' |
H 2 | 2 24 2 1 _0i> 3 31 2 2 : 2 2
_ 2 __2 3
2
? i n x n>2 2 1 2 17 _ 1 I P 3 12 2 2 ? ?
MPrHVT. ' *Y» 04? ' • " ? " ' O 1 ; - i 2 0
'•tHf MV-"1 ~ _ " Y.7 04
" ? 2 ? : I c ?"> : ' 201 0 4
? 2
. 1 . 1?. 5 ;?2 ?"
3 ?' 2 " ' ?
. "•>?
COJf.fiR. "•?.?.{•£i A ' i z i j ;C0! )E ' ! r . 4. ? 2 T i
. CuOF " I " - . 42? 30.N Y A M : L A * A
MAG-VIM
CO"F'IR.. 4c r36 .SULOIU ._
. COOt^K. 42237MAMS ACOOC'IR. 42;JG
C C • • •
22 4 2 1 00 3IS "0 '_?. _2 _ 3 1.'. ? » 2 2: ? 2 2 2 2 2
22 4 2 .-. 00 3 3 7 ?9 2 3 _ 6? J 2 .: ? 2 > 2 2 • ?
22 4 2 1 CO 3 2 124 38 2 _ 3 6~\~z ^ " : 2' ?. '_ > :"" 2_ i" 2 .
?2 4 2 2 00 3 3__79 52 2_ 3 7X ?. ? i 2 ?._ 2 2....2.V ? " 2
22 4 2 2 C O . J . 3.._. 0 .._. 0 .
; c.3n 21 072 2
1; ?
I ?1 4 ; J
7 " " •?
! 4 2 3 00 .3 bj S82 2 2 ;: 2 i. . 2
: '. 3 ! 00 3 ] 02 2 ? 2 .2 ..? 2 .
! 4 ? 2 CO 3 3 . 33_l ? .? 2 2 2 ?
L 4. 2 '_ 00 3. 2..... C2 2 :. 2 2 2 2
i 4 2 2 OJ 3 3 142 2 M ? 2 . 2
5. C7? 21 C 6
* 2 »_ 2.3 . ..1...C.7_.2.
- 3 . . \ : < 2 01 <Y? 082 " ^ ' 1 0
t KY> 081 "-•• 201 . » » ! 01? ' ;• v 20
J XY7 05_/"._•'•" ?01 XY? 01
" • > ' • ?0
20
" r :r.HVH
2 _2 2 29 1 03 3? _ 2 ? 29 i 07 ~>
2 _2T 5 ; ??. 2
1 ?2 21 2
.—2. -.
2 2 2 2 22 _ X C8 3 X2 2 2 2 2
2 _ T
7 J
?3./> ?. 3 00 2 .? 4 5 2 .. 3
M^Al iJSMU-UJAMAACOLJtMK. 42306
MWAMAPALALACUJr (:(••. 42401KASIL1
1WAMWITACtiOE-' R. 42^04
. -\ A# «, ? V £
23 * 2 i OJ i 3 191 * 2 2 : c I
Iz 4 c 3 00 i 1 321 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 4 i 2 00 3 2 17 3. . i 1 1 2 ? 2 2
24 4 i 3 CO ? 3 22 61 <. 1 2 ? t 2
24 H ^ a Of 3 2 161; i i i i 2 2
24 4 H 00 3 3 i3
13?
92
14 22 2
it I2 2
1.61 22 2
7 22 ...2L..
I 09<?. X1 05Z 21 042 11 C62 1
V
I 21 U?2 2J i;l2 J3 5.;5
) 1142 2 2 1 2 33 7I t4 ft
.2. ...2."
2 Cfc2 1
\ C8.Z....X.'.
2 ! i 52 2x s i r
•>" • • 20• ' ! < r . H V C ' _ " * Y 7 0 1
..•>">??? .2 Jl" j ; ! .T ^ v 20v H r n v n \ ...X.Y7 01
yurnVD ? < v ; 08:•?•>??•? c 1 - ! " 70VRCnVO " XYZ Ol2?'7'?H9.'.??' 20
< " R f . HVO •> V Y 7 OS••, ^ ^ - ; > > i \ ' V'. 2 0
2 " ' ! C H V C X X Y 7 0 1•>:::•• 20.< Y / 01- ' • " JO\ v ? 08yi ?o
-> - j ;. -.:
K'rCriVi:
v S C I-1 V'.:
000100oi000800
0001000!00Ot0001000»00Cl0 00<0003000100
0|0001000)000100
i ' " » ; • - . : ' " " ?o 00
0 p
v;.i_0 01 10 01 10 0
20202020
1 25 20 1 991 0 00 3 01 176 1 60 } V91 2 3 50 1 99
i010?0"10i0
A...V.0 0
1 %0 02 10 01 \0 03 i0 01 \0 01 10 0
0 01 10 0"1 10 0
10201010
' "Y! 01 O! 5 1? ) " 20 00 0 0" XY7 01 OJ 1 \). ) ?r 20 oo o o
?. XY7 0 8 0 1 1 1o.. o
0 02 \0 0
72
322
861
77103
91103
7616303
992
995
?299i.
9900
1099
00A
99000
J . i . z0 0 02 10 C 0
1
2 / 4 7 3 70 1 •)•}
CU'JE\'K. 4250;KJN.V1W?LI
..C.OPtMR, _*2502L._.
2 5 4 ,> 1 CO i V. ._ _ 1 2 2 1 2_2_iiLir 2 ? l'P_3_3
_ 1 1 2 2 2 2
_'-_ 3 j>_ ?. C 7 _ 3 _." 2 _ ~ J "~_2__2 2 , 2 _
332
0 . 2
6 O 1
1 90 2
6 01 99
3 1 1 228 12 10 0 0 1 99 21 1 1 0 0 10 0 0 3 0 2
3 1 1 46 3 J1 99 2
2 2 2 2 1
_ < X Y ; oe os 1 _ 1 3 1 1 358 7 1» ??^ ?o co o . _ p p o o j 99 2
y _ i _ ~ X Y . ' 01 0\ t_ |^ ' j ll_ 1 20 2 11 221222 2 1 2 2 80 0 0 " 0 0 0" 0 " 0 1 99 2
COLUMN 1
Itilim* division (continued)
iiiinttnLACOOE'iR. 42503Ntuzu division
NG'rfAMDTO
SAMUOACO:>r:'!R. 44)11. _NG'rfA'Ki'tfALICODt'lR... 441X3
NKCLOLOCOHESR. 44?C'lNKULOLO-UJA'tAAC03HNR. 4 4 i i 4
CQO=!1*. 44209IH'JSMI . . .CODENR. 44210BUIMLECODdMR. 4421JHALAWACDOENP.. 44212
C0uF.riR.'7'442r3 7 I Z
NGUIYAT I
HGULYATT-UJAMAACn'iL^H. 4'^C5NiilTICUiirMR. 44?3t3KACilLlCHji i iP, 44_>'.6
COJEMi. 44218KUUIATACOI-'tMR. 44319
MALl'iO'll
BAHI tOl-UJiM.'.ACCIOUNR. 44402BAf.lAOI..
NG'WAMAGOKOCOOb'IR. 4<5?1ISANGACODENR. 44502
2
25
3
42
. 4 L A
4T4
42
42
42
•>
4.1
41
14
42 4
42
42
42.
717 7*3
43
• • •—^3
.._ 43
H,"~ 44
2
7
't>
4"2"
4
i.
u
4
T.414141
42
4
45 41
45 4
4
7
222
2
21
12
7
p7
2
2
X
2121
2222
JL
2
2
2
5 6
;
<
* OC
2 2
$ CO.2
5 00>. 2: 00
5 00? i' 002 1> 002 23 00J 2i 002 2» 00I 2i 002 2
2 007. ZZ 0 0
i
•
: 11 OC•> J
\ 00' 1.
2 00: 13 OC
2
5 00> 7
> 00
} 00
'- . 2
5 0 0? 13 002 2
7
7
2"
7
27,
2-,
5
82•x
c
3
3
7
Z2
JL.
21
22
3
32
8
1
2
•a
23
• »
23
9
1?*7
7•>
17?
02
5?2 2
.321
2•a
222
3
•a
23
32
23
3C
i7
02
10
1.6 37
~ 72
. 1 *
727
27
. 26 _35.2
55202
7.42
.17923
20
'4 562
202
. 7 6
67.... 1
0.. J
24)
2C2C2
77
" " O
z26
7
SO
.2
C202
..'.'?
"" 1
_77 0
11
4
±
~22
7 5
2
CM
?2
2222222
__?..
. .2
5
IV)
?
2i222
22222
12
32
3
" 37
7.3
3\3i
32
21
2
2
3
T
7
327t
7
222
22
..3..
1
13
42
c2c
29
7?
22
7
9?221202
~8292e2
2
9
92
.i
_ 5"
"5'.2
1 28 28 2 1 1232 I
7.14
222
2j f
2
262
14
2
1.
" 12
7'2 .
121212121212J.2
I7
~ 1(.)
7
121
1
7.i..i
17i
2
15
flR
C72
C52
05.2
C51
1 •>
1f C j
203
7.0?
2Ct
2
7
C7
CO
C9I
CfcI
1 02
C71
7
CO1
Ci1
C42
C42
16
2
37
" 32
21
2323212• > .
232
12\Z22•3
22
2
"2i232
2232
17
1c
_ .V
" 3__. 2.
" 7
1
21
211212121212
1
" 217
-1
J1P.
11
r
12
. 1
2222
18
1 J42
.1.10
. . 2
1 : r
21 ;^
24*5
21;?
25;5
21;?
2
2
5:r*j .
' 25:5
2
1552
' l
1552
U 52
19
7
2
47
4
. . 2 .
4252A
24
2c
7
7
24 _7
.7 5.
c
14
7
' 24
c
1
57
1,
2
20
j
3. 2
2
Z
1?2227
i!22
2
~2
A
0
?
12
<>
c
7i
1212
21
77
7 ?.'
77 2
?
2?5
2227
2
??7
~" 1.- y
n
?1
1
21
I7
7
0
27
22
22
11
~7\7
" 1
11
1j
J7.\1
)
2I2
A.
1"
2
1
1
1.
212
i
~ 9
1>11
23
92
9292
.9
c
25292c
29j
q
2
_7i7e.
" 1cc
9
9292
c/
29
. 2
9
92
24
?1
3
3J
•tc
j .
I
7
•»
--,
222
2
3
')•
1
1
1
1
7.91
1
7
27
1
25
"FTHVO' ? * 2?t
7 " . v 2 * :•_
7 5 " 7 7 7
MR.CHVP
I T 7 7 7 7
777->?7
??'?•?
' ? ? ; " 2MMCHVO7 J T 7 7 7
Mr,rhVn7 7 1 7 7 7
M^C HVD7 7 7 ; ? 7
w H r,, j V '>
7 y ' : -. 7Mt»cnvr
uornvn
; T : ; : 7
1 ; 1 * ; 7
MKCHV'Pin;.'?
7 7 , 7 7 7
MfjCHVC?212?2
26
7
7
c
1
7
•a
1
n
a1
7
q7
j
?
9
1
r-
1
9
1
1
1
1
7
7
0
1
3
27
XYZ
XYZ77^
XY7
X Y ;?;:•
X Y '•; 7 7
XY77 7 7
> Y7
r7;XY71 7 7
XY I?. ?"XY7
» V 7
X Y7.
' * . ' 'y y 7
1 -
yyr
y y j
7 -.-:
.XV.?
XY27 7 '
XY72?^
28
0120
oe?o01200120
0120012001200820012001?00120
082008200120012005200420
012007100720
08200120
29
0100
010001000100
01000100010 00100010001000100
0100060001000]00
01000100
010002000300
0100010 0
30
10
100010
20
010101020
1_ 0
\0101020
1010
701010
I010
31
10
10
"1010
10101010101010
"101010101010
101030
1010
32
10
10
10
0
30
020%0102020
202020203010
01010
3030
33
10
10f
010
10101010101010
101010J0
1010
1090
0
10\0
34
10
202c10
t02010102020
0
020]0J0
10
10
1020i0
10\0
35
1621
A?10J
1651
72
5 01727
714
t03
1
1 Tt13162
3661
1CJ
621
6710J
0J
1171
36
799
499
00
2944
991
1?999 9
19 9
01
9900
299
2799
19999
02399
79<y
0
c
7991 •»40
00
002
9?
37
1?
121212
2171?I212j
7
1
2
171
21i12I2I2
121
.217
I21
COLUMN 1
Ntuzu division (continued)
.ITAftAMANOA..445.06
GAM-i )S1COl'ENP.. Ui.f-Z-1lMnGl)LYA6YSHA$HL_COOE'-IR. 44.&Q2NYAta.BTNDI _ _C I V J C M R . 44618 ' " "
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 } 11 W 7.P i 0 2 1 2
__46 4 2 3 00 3_ 1 _1_8(. 173 ? 1 5 _1" 2 I '<1 2 2 2 2 2 2 ?
_4_6_4_2_ 3 OC 2_k 1 0 _?_3 2_ 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 _ _2 _2_2 _ 2 2_
46 4 2 1 OC ? 2 55 _ ? ) . _ ? _? __t1 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ 2 2 1 2
C4 3 1 1 ;f> 2) 2 2 I • ?
1 C5 _ 3 1_J.;5 _ 5 _2 2 _ 2 _ ? 2 2:, C4 _ 1 _? 5;S_ 5__1 1 2 _ j 1 i
i - 5 ? 1 -: '2 •>. • 7 ? ?o o o o o_l xr,ri(VC _'__XV7 01 01 1 1
J.l7"\? .''.__ i.."'.". zo oo "o o 'T '•<«<"HVC ' XY? 08 0? 1 2
'l.*'.??::?' 3".'?.?? 20 0 0 . 0 0
01 01 l " 1 Z 1 2 13 10 0 0 1 992 1 1 7 10 0 0 1 993 9 1 34 90 0 0 " 1 99
BUPVI0AGIL4...COOf MR. _ 44706_
BAN?1-' I".COnt'iP..' Lt-l'oi '
IK'jriGULYAiA. CODEMR. 44722_
MAT lMO'lCOOENR.
47 4 2I /
47 4 2
00 3 3 7 _2_1 _ ?1 2 2_ 2 _ 2 _ 2
CO 2 1_ C 7 2_2 1 ' 2 2 _ 2 _ 2 _ 2 _ 2
47_4 i. 3 00 3 i_214 _35 22 2 2 Z ? 2 _ ? _ 2 2
T C 7 22 ? ?1 C3 3Z 2 ?2 08 2
\ 1 ; 5 42 ? ?3~ J.;f< 4
_2 "' .? ?2 I ; 0 _52 2 "?
' XY7 08 01o i i i j o oo
"£IxY7' oi oi. . 1 . . ' r ' ' 20 00' ?~~\\l 01 01
1 1 3 10 0 0 0
r"Yl'z" i0 0 _ 0
i" 320 00 0 0 . 0.
1 ^ 992 27 99
0 0 ? 11 1 179 b
1 99
_ C DOE MR. 4 4 8 1 5 . .
.. DUTHA.CJnP'lR. 44617...lcrou
48 4
48 4
148 4
1.4.6 4
.... • „ . . ? . .
4.8 4_
2 3 00 3 3_998 _282 2. 2 i 2 2 _ 22 3 0C ? 3_477 _ 72. 2 1..2.LJ _.2.) 1 00 3 2 _ 4Z 352.2 .. 2 2 . 2 2___.22 :• 0 0 2 3 _ _ 0 _ 212...;. .1.2...2.._..2__2.^ "> CO 3 3__i!9 6.2 ..£ ... 2... 2 __2_I..2..._.. 2,.
MHALALAGI
CC'iEflP. 4 4 ° 0 3SA^«l•-l.lJA•1AACCL't'-lR. 4 H ? 0 H . . .
Ktnadi divoion
NA.'JOACODE'if. 46103ND JL f L h Z ICOJcUR. 461 C5MHUMZFCOUEHR. 4610o
&ASHACnOE'lR. 4 6 2 1 1SAGATACOOENR. 4 6 2 0 7
_4S 4 2 4 00 3 1 0 14 2_ 1 2 :. i 2 2 2 _ 2 2
49 4 2 3 00 3 3 104 02_A ? 3. 2 ? 2 2 . . . . ? _ . 2..
49 4 2 "S 00 3 1 S59 9 9 9 21 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
49 4 1 1 00 3 2 69 414 21 2 2 2 2 2
6 i 4 2 i 00 3 2 21
2 2
? 2 ?1 C8 37. 1 . 21 C5 22 1 21 C5 22 2 2
I 12
i . iV?
2 21 5 ; 5.
61
6 1
242
4•>
22
22
2T2
2OC
20 0
2
2
2
2
21232
0102
2C2
212
22222
23232
29212
2123.2
113
2J2
2
c1
7
32
2.12
1
3 22 ?i. i2 1
3 11 ?1 9i
1 MbCHVC
T XV7. 08 01^ ' . ; . " ; J 20 ooI xv? o s 01f ">•' ' 20 00' XY/ 08 01? '.•". 20 001 XY? 08 03
1 1 ? 10 0 0 0\ 1 2 10 0 0 01 t 30 0 0
20 00 0 0
1 14 990 2 991 1 0 4 L0 t 991 999 990 9 991 34 5 990 2 98
1 "?? . " ' ?
1 ?.-'.?•'-2 v» J r. h v r
i ^ ' J i-c
i XYZ 01 01? ??? 2 0 00' XY? 01 011 ?•>" 2 0 OO1 X Y ' 01 011 ?": 10 00
1 1 1 1
62 4 2 3 00 3 3 21 28 2 3 4 I C 6 3 l l ; 5 2 3 3 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
62 4 2 3 00 3 1 48 7 2 3 4 1 C4 3 1 1;5 2 3 3 I1 2 2 1 2 2. _ 2 _2 _2 1. 2 _ 2 1 2 _ . _ 2 . _ 2.._2__2 __2 ..1
9 3 ^SC^VT \ XY< 01 0 12 1 ? ? ? • • ? ? ? •"•=• 2 0 0 09 " 3 MOC^V^ l "XYZ 01 01I 1 222221 _ 3 ? ' : > _ 2 0 0 0
21 51 990 03 0
21 99Z Z
7 99 12 1 21 Z 11 99 2
8
COLUMN 1
Kanadi division (continuad)
NtirsHA
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
53_.«_.£.-3..OO....2.3..L2.4.
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
46?07
4 2 _ _ 3 _ 6 _ J , C6 _3 _ i \ ; 5 _ « . } 2_ ! s 3__"HCHvr ! _ x v o i o i 1 _ l _ l 1 _ i _ o 0 l2 _ 2 _ _ J L _ 2 _ 2 X_._2 .1 1 ._2_. iL . .2 1 . 2 • j 2?!??? 3 ?.?•? 20 00 Q__'oL_0 1'0 ' 0 3 0 2
.3 ..00. 3,..i 0.-.2.8 2_. 3....S.....I.. C6....3 . . . I . 1 ;5.._. ?.. , . l _ . . ?.__!._._ 5. 3 Mf.CHVC _ » . X V 01 01 1 1 _ 3 1 1 28 99 _ i? 2__? 2_2._.L ..?. ? 2 ?.-..? ?. __2 _ 2 2 _2 ? 20 00 0 _ 0 0 0 0
_NWAMNGfSHA_ CODE MR. A" '
NKOLOGaMA.. COOCW"».. "<,•
MHAbltKl-llJAMAA_.C('['FMR,
NYAHUL5GI_
64
64_4 J 1 OQ 2. 2 6 _ 0 _ 2 _ 3 2 _1 C6 _2 _1 l;5 T2 2 ? 2_2_2 2 _ 2 . _ 2 _ 2 _ 2 ? T_ ? _ 2 _ ? 2
2 3 00 3_3 _ _0 0 _ 5 _ 3 _ 1 _ 1 C7 2_1_1;5_ 2X ? ?: * 2. ? 2 2 2 _2 ?. 2 . ? ,_2 ..2 . I
3 _<•_?. 7_ 2 "•.»•:MVC_ I_XYZ or o i.2 ? .A. ? .A"""""..J_il" ?0 oo*. 1 ' _•? _? ^ C M V O \ XV.? 01 01z"~? ? ? ~i •'.•f.i?.}T'» ?o oo
.?_ . ! 35,_L0«_.J__.3._-9_. .X ,C6__ ,3 ._ . l . 1 } 5 . . _ A . ._3_...?..... 1 . _?_... 2..-<.bCHVp __?..XV.? 01 012 2 2.
64 4 2 3_ 00...3 _ l . __2 ? _ 2 _?__? 2_C _ 2 _ l _ ? _ i C7_2 2 2 2 2 2
?_? 2 ?_ 2 ? ? "^' i <f_ ^ 20 00
1 6 330 _'_ 1 992 0 00 i 02 69 990 2 9^
.-5__\__2__1_JS 2_M3CHyc _?_J(Y» 08 01 ! _1 . 1 J 2 . 0 0 1_? ?__•? 2 2 2 •>??;>?;; ^ ?^-> 20 oo o o o p__o_ 3_ o ?
a>en
167
Appendix 8. WARD CODESCode numbers as applied in app. 7
3.1. Shinyanga District
Negezi division
IBADAKULI 11ITILIMA 12UKENYENGE 13MWAMASHELE 14KILOLELI 15LAGANA 16TALAGA 17NGOFILA 18
Itwangi division
USULE 21DIDIA 22IMESELA 23TINDE 24ILOLA 25ITWANGI 26
Mondo division
BUBUKI 31BUNAMBIYU . 22BUGURO 33MONDO 34.SONGWA 35LOHUMBO MWADUI 37MAGANZO 38
Kishapu division
UCHUNGA 41MWAKIDOYA 42SHAGIHILU 43MASANGA 44MWAMALASA 45SOMAGEDI 46KISHAPU 47
168
Mjini division
CHIBE 51KIZUMBI ' 52Shinyanga has a separate status
Nindo division
SOLWA 61SALAWE 62MWANTINI 63ISELAMAGAZI 64LYABUKANDE 65NYANG'OMBE 66
Samuye division
MWAMALA 71USANDA SINGITA 72SAMUYE 73
8.2. Maswa District
Nung'hu division
BUCHAMBI 12MASELA 13ISANGA 14
Sengerema division
MALAMPAKA 31BADI 32KULIMI 33NYABUBINZA 34SHISHIYU 35
Meatu division
ITINJE 51MWANBUZO 53IMALASEKO 54SEMU-KIMALI 55KISESA 56BUKUNDI 57NKOMA (Meatu division) 58
169
Mwagala division
SUKUMA 73BUSILILI 74MPINDO 75DAKAMA 76IPILILIO 77LALAGO 72
8.3. Kahama District
Kahama division
ISAGEHE 12ISAKA/JANA 13MHONGOLO 15ZONGOMERA 16
Dakama division
UKUNE 21UKAMBA 22MPUNZE 23
Mweli division
ULEWE 31USHETU 32UYOGO 33
Siloka division
RUNZEWE 41USHIROMBO 42MASUMBWE 43MBOGWE 44
Msalala division
NGOGWA 51BUSANGI 52NGAYA 53LUNGUYA 54
170
.4. Bariadi District
Itilima division
LUGURU 21ZAGAYU 22NKOMA (Itilima division) 23MWAMAPALALA 24MBITA 25
Ntuzu division
SOMANDA 41NKOLOLO 42MHANGO 43BARIADI 44BUNAMHALA 45NYAKABINDI 46MWABUBINGI 47DUTWA 48GABU 49
Kanadi division
CHINAMILI 61SAGATA 62LAGANGABILILI 63BUMERA 64
171
Appendix 9. NUMBER AND POPULATION OF CONCENTRATEDSETTLEMENTS 19 72
district or division
Kahama District
DakamaKahamaMsalalaMweliSiloka
Bariadi District
t til ima
Kanadi
Ntuzu
Maswa District
MeatuMwagalaNung'huSengerema
Shinyanga District
ItwangiKishapuMondoNegeziNindoSamuyeMjini
Region
number of concentratedsettlements in rural areas
pop. 400-800
22 (pop. 12,100)
85522
11 (pop. 7,100)
506
20 (pop. 11,900)
9245
59 (pop. 35,300)
16967894
112 (pop. 66,400)
pop. > 800
7 (pop. 6,600)
-.-
»->
to
to
27 (pop. 50,900)
113
13
20 (pop. 31,600)
6843
33 (pop. 43,700)
3968322
87 (pop. 132,800)
total populationof concentratedsettlements (")
18,700
6,8004,6003,3002,0002,000
58,000
26,1003,300
28,600
43,500
14,30015,0008,8005,400
79,000
12,80019,70010,20015,8008,2007,5004,800
199,200
(* ) not included: Shinyanga, Bariadi, Maswa & Kahama towns and Mwadui
173
333
,808,711f983
33%32%35%
Appendix 10. CENSUS SHINYANGA TOWN (13-15 June 1972)
10.1. Total population
Men of 16 years and olderWomen of 16 years and olderChildren 0-15 years
Total population 1972 11,502 100%
10.2. Population growth 1967-1972
Total population 1972 11,502Correction for new boundaries establishedafter 1967 1,191
Total population 1972 within 1967boundaries 10,311Total population 1967 5,135
Population growth 5,176
10.3. Water distribution Shinyanga town
Estimated number of people using water fromprivate tap 5,410Estimated number of people using water frompublic tap 2,615Estimated number of people using other water 1,399Number of people with no response 2,078
Total 11,502
10.4. Population of adjacent urban area in Kizumbi Ward
Men of 16 years and olderWomen of 16 years and olderChildren 0-15 years
3,041 100%
10.5. Water distribution urban area in Kizumbi Ward
Estimated number of people using water fromprivate tap 160Estimated number of people using water frompublic tap 712Estimated number of people using other water 1,683Number of people with no response 486
Total 3,041
895851
1,295
29%28%43%
175
Appendix 11. POPULATION 1967 ACCORDING TO TYPE OFSETTLEMENT AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
districtor
f Jivision
1
Kahama District
Dakama
Kahama town
Kahama
Msalala
Mweli
Siloka
Bariadi DistrictI til ima
Kanadi
Ntuzu
Maswa District
MeatuNorth*
Meatu-South*
Mwagala
(Mung'hu
Sengerema
Shinyanga District
Itwangi
Kishapu-North*
Kishapu-South*
Mondo
Negezi-North*
NegeziSouth*
Nindo
Samuye
Mjini
Shinyanga-town
Mwadui
Region
totalpopulation
2
147,628
44,601
3,211
38,403
27,280
11,219
22,914
206,304
58,986
41,628
105,690
224,612
34,390
49,284
60,883
35,287
44,768
320,924
45,389
21,871
27,395
44,012
47,347
20,064
45,115
24,493
32,720
5,135
7,383
899,468
populationdistrictcapitals(incl.Bariadi andMwadui)
3
3,211
0
3,211
0
0
0
0
1,095
1,095
4,726
0
0
388
4,338
0
12,518
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,135
7,383
21,550
total ruralpopulation
4
144,417
44,601
0
38,403
27,280
11,219
22,914
205,209
58,968
41,628
104,595
219,886
34,390
49,284
60,495
30,949
44,768
308,406
45,389
21,871
27,395
44,012
47,347
20,064
45,115
24,493
32,720
0
0
877,918
populationconcentr.settlementsrural areas
5
16,170
5,858
0
3,940
2,857
1,777
1,738
50,065
22,568
2,845
24,652
37,502
6,670
5,656
12,970
7,549
4,657
68,106
10,990
5,659
11,286
8,823
7,328
6,319
7,089
6,431
4,181
0
0
171,843
non farmerstotal
6 - 0.044total (2)
39,577
non-farmersconcentr.settlementsrural areas
7 * *
1,696
615
0
413
300
186
182
5,251
2,367
298
2,586
3,935
700
593
1,361
792
489
7,145
1,153
594
1,183
926
768
663
744
675
439
0
0
18,027
farmers inconcentr.settlementsrural areas
8= 5-7
14,474
5,243
0
3,527
2,557
1,591
1,556
44,814
20,201
2,547
22,066
33,567
5,970
5,063
11,609
6,757
4,168
60,961
9,837
5,065
10,103
7,897
6,560
5,656
6,345
5,756
3,742
0
0
153,816
farmersscattered
9 - 4 - 5
128,247
38,743
0
34,463
24,423
9,442
21,176
155,144
182,384
27,720
43,628
47,525
23,400
40,111
240,300
34,399
16,212
16,109
35,189
40,019
13,745
38,026
18,062
28,539
0
0
706,075
farmerstotal
10=8 + 9
142,721
43,986
0
37,490
26,980
11,033
22,732
199,958
56,619
41,330
102,009
215,951
33,690
48,691
59,134
30,157
44,279
301,261
44,236
21,277
26,212
43,086
46,579
19,401
44,371
23,818
32,281
0
0
859,891
Technical Annex E differentiates between the northern and southern parts of the Meatu, Kishapu and Negezi divisions for calculationson future population distributions.The boundary line is indicated on fig. V.1, see Technical Annex E.
tot(6)-tot(3) , c .7 = — • 5)
tot(5)
177
Appendix 12. PRELIMINARY WATER DEVELOPMENT PRIORITYRANKING
i '•«. I J K i :\ '; i C i: "I •." Y
; > . . r H ! L i . . : i I - u l ' R Y I I M i\L 1 / . M / i ! I V . Y S r ^ M ' N•II-- 11. I ;.i. r.,.,jiJ; M f-C - Iz-il-'-^-V." v f f \ T i f w t . T F ^ 5 L P P L Y•j I I T - i N C ' l J S.:iJI-:Ci.
••;• ! \ r - ' ^ . i T - - I C T i J t - . / L i I ( , r : I F I C A f . C iV. i ^ " P U L / T l C N : J L L Z :
t. •HGr^Tr^7 TYI-T r F S :-. 1 !" L c M I.i i Hi • • L '.'• C i T I L< T!
i ¥ P , L f r U L T I V A T I LT.
^ ; ; ' , u U 1./-I-. G . r L i _ I i ^ o ".if L P T T L C !.: S O I L D U A L I T Y.'• .••. V A I L A i 5 . 1 L i T Y f«l- L A i i O
178
NAME
NY AS ;U i1 - IMAH! - i : /SA!>i ;MM A G A. J /I i :
ii A.i i / , l ) iM i l l ' . I AK/lV!!. jI S':ft L.i14 T • ) f '• i
NKUL. " ' ' I . , i
MwAM,.0<JLUb l M ^ ' r ' . I YU
I T I • J J •-: l
MWAI.UoilUM*AMt. LYTSlNGTTf.MwA'h, 1TA
;MG.H I L.:K A S ; ' J G i L JBLUHK.I* I 5 H i Tel. >JA
AM,., PAL AL<-
KASHISHlMPUMZT:LUGUKU G UiGJGUSAGATATU4,);.MWAiiANHYAMUAMt- I T 1
I MALA. S ^ i !
I liAJAMJL 1I JUKI ^>NOOLi:L[-JIKIULMAMA3ADGAi J G i l G W ALUNGUY \LUGiJF.UZANZUIislN/'.Mv^L II SA^JGA
OQ oc
; :. '..1. '. 4
3 c i
x (•• i
i. / .
'-• > 4
- 5. ?. C .'.
3 -;. j.
6 4 ;;
i - •; "•
( , \ ,
•'-> ? 4
.•- •-- ?
". G ."..
•: 5 .".* .* '-.• • ' » • ' " .
'; 4 d7..- 4 <-.4 6 4• J 7 ;.
/. * *'-:'<. 41. c 4; - 4 >.
:•:? >.
'; 2 d,
^ * • . ' ,
: ' * ' .
*_ ._ "V
• • X
4 V' A
i. 4 ,•:
v 1 <~51 j
54 ;;i ' 4
21 4
CODENR.
4--K.;:. -i' ' ^ > /
: > . 6 O ;
T *T - • .» •' <
:• 4 4 . ; 7
^5LM?4 4 '. j i
' '.31. G1... - o 0 7i 3t:O5.1 64'. 313507L5l'.u 0*; i j i .
; . ? • ' » • I .
44? ' J ? .' A D", 6^ !', ti ) 3i .:5-.Jl". i?7. 01. . ^,01
t: 1401*7k j5.+ < . :4J;;
^•4t;i^•; ,7 ,_ .
4 ? A u4
4 O , : J 7:•.£ 4 I 1
... j 315
<;. L 5 1 04 2 3 .Jo1 j X U S> 54 U;
4'S4>^) 1 ii. i 9', 57 0":1 - » J .JC.
.: i ;. :. bi 51 n 53b'>0"i.4210,4 r-j '<. j . 1
A 2 5 J £
1
• . , -
- : r -
f . ' • '
<•>
3
8
8
ap.
d V-'
2 G
.'£.
at
~ p.
iii.')
S3•j
Sc<
0
8i
8d6
O
c
».'.)
0( J
fi
2
c
r
55c
5n.
5
50C
5L
1;
5.5
5
5555!35C
5
Cx,00
c.55c
05
3
;
ucV./
7* )
v «:.1 i
7330
1.1u
31511i l
7c>
i l0
15
;-c7CGC7
011
0
u15IX
10
c77773G
773
4
.1 J
•- U. ' i ;
713
1ft
I 'i2 )
1°L)
i o? •.••)
i>.1. ':i
17t
XI
19
A 6^ -,.i i (
\11 uj . 4
19101 317?0
s201 717
3! 5
2 0i
1. 714l y5.4
7? f
i.61515
7
5
[..
t,>
5
r.r>
5
55
5
•J
c
0
55
5
30
z35•5.
5
O
0505
6
'_)1A
4;>:-.J
.>
5
<
5
0/,.
4
.~55?.z5
555
•*>05;i45;3r
45
V.
55454
7
c
5K
R
It
1;c
c
Sr
L
5
05
.r:r:
5,
5c
5c
0
r.*
c
3K
s
53
i
8
fi.1
c1 \
'
550
/-1
.~\
t-
o05
G0C
55c:c
c5>
w
5
GV
G
0r
'._,cc
C00
5
0
c5
9
^
77.1.7)5.1
(>7771.J.C7\77
77;1.^7
C7•>r\
G77i\,7711
771II7£n0
c77
10
7*j
r-770GG~l•w2'y
00l j
0
ccc
c{',
cG
:;
c02ccG7
0
cGG',.;
r1.
c7:)\*77r.C,
Gr
11
4
]*
40
;')
40
0;.
A.
i.0I,
I01014
1nA
r
400
0"l
0rC
«A
0A
1A
4
01
0n
12
005,rKt
0V .
1.
Gi
II\IX•i
c}111
0i
c* •
c1G0c1
>.5C1G
I1
).(CCI\G
X
1
13
,1
001010
y\10c110011
111
1I01i
10G1J.c0IIi0
c001X
1u100cXc0\0
TOTAL
6968OS6 6fc4626261
b\61606 05959595Q
595957575 757565 656565656555555545454545453535353525252525151515151515151515151
179
oQ CCCC h-< 52
mE 5 Q CODENR. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TOTAL
• J J ! H ) L .L L : Mi
i I PA
U ) - \ HI -
:)/,
• 'UJi.r .Wi ' . -uJ;. : i / 'L;>: YA
.TONO'.'T'! AL..• I S i ' - PJ-A JO.'.uIC H l Z A
1kU !.KJ
•\h'-S-.W,. i.>I.-i;u.;-.Y
. u ii A
- l«vAL ' )KULI lv
•4 HUM IS I
MhvJl. J
K U L ' f l u , I T . iI rJuL : L"K I Jv.'.'.iW Ht.i | , ,-UJ
MALI T i'.-OJAM.t AKULIMI
••/'•
I
1 .
' • ; .
i: '..
- 'i :•
7 "(..-. /,
7 •''.-
7-,7 3• ' - : ,
?. '
^ 7
3 '<
• j :
r •
C" / ,
' • • -
<• ; "
": i
• I J
•': 7«. '?•
< . '
•; <
; • - , ,
/ • -:..
4 4• ; . / ,
' - ; • ' •
">. 3
-. .
r /_.
4 7'< '
' 0
Li..
~. ;
•••.
_)
7 c.
3 •
• ' . ' : , . .
7 ; .n \ 7 .
4 <v'ib
•. i 3..v .''. 3 i .; ' 7 3•.: t. 7 i-: 4 1 . .
\ < '".;: .'. Jc'•' '' ? / ;
'. .-.: 7 4: 2 / 3-. 4 • .•;:
' .. . ) . .
• \ H 7
'- .. 31.1 .' CO
•'. . . ' . 3 1 - .
, , . 7 :
".. :J 5 i-.
-; — ^ ^
- , • •+ -»
i ';•'-, '-:
:. U'. .'•. 4 71 3 ,< _:
: ; 4 *i i. j , 3I 3 .>:
: ., 4 4i / "A-
<- .•• 5 a-J A -•
; 2 x -_.
'•:• ' : ' • • > • - .
4 4 ^ 34 k-H'i
- • • • ' : • • ' • » ^
i. '. A '•
-v i i. •»
• L CC
I IV-t' 1 3" ,
. ^ (." • ~i - •
' -
• ) -
J ' .?; : . : >
J r
I 3
".: "... c3-.; _.j ' i .
•i)o
0 5
. ' • . ' • »
OL
J i
OX•J 'J
0 :o •;
. t'j
j : s
• j
• . ' ; "
•. i
, •; ;•','!;•)<+
. i c3 3;• <:
. ' 3•)3
(.7) :•..
ij .'
0 l.
2 ; i
• j
H.
8
o
o
8i ;u'o
(>.
2 0
ii
•i?.
633o
i
•3
3
t ?
r1
3
dn
•'j
fc&p
b."0
8o
c
3:;
3s
'r
5
cC
VII
oc
55c
35r
55^5555
5pc
5t ;
"y
50
oc.
5r.
i
\
A
t
i1
1
5,
1
• • • •
5
c7\(;.C•7
w
0
.1.%
7
i
73
7•j
3'55u03C70<!.7"\
(70
c;.
37•}
7
1
)
7
A
'*.
A.
1
A
I
\II\
\
X".
X
c
o\
•5
< ,
;.-,
7,iH/.,r>i )
- ,
7b7
33
37o
7
6i.i
:
6-
'.J
• _ -
4.)
3-.•
4" 7
6o
f.j
; ;
30";,74
• j
33^
..)i>
5.-
i :
( . :
-^
r
"•5
5
*
r
55
5i
o5j
55•j
3»"
5v.c.
5I ;
fi:">
30(-
-
3*13Vi3r,
44, • >
3I'>
3(,;•
• - t
5r
*>
?.T
3
3
• ^
0i j
\
;:'
3i j
4
•1-?.
5
i+
f,3\0>•j
5452
-
C
r.
5Ic
=c
c
5«;u
3c
)
cc
5L3
f .
5
3c
c
i:5Cc•;.
c
5
c
G
;•:
c-cc
5(:c;
L-
I.
C
5
50
ccc
c,
J";
cV
r
cr
5C
Q
055c
550
C.;rc
5
0VJ10'30.c.
5
50
( •
- :
i.
?.;
0V.
7\
7
73.7
71A
0
o17
c0
7i77•j
0
c
11
7
0
00j .
>.
7C.*7077
0
ui"
i :
r,
C' irV,'
ru
c7f,000(00/0(.£
?ic("'r-
c0pP
0c
(.0(j
07?7(,, (
G
0
7
C
o
11
I
t
0
**.
0Q
( i
44L.
0
i•'•
4
04•\
IyI40
0i
.i
410iV.-
1000II044
>-<
{;
I
0
i.T
\
4
I01
cJ1i
11iy031;,
j .
11.1.<;
GI1.I^
1T.1
i00cI\.i
100y
n
I
A
1
I1
(;,
L1CI11
c10000Jc01.cc1011
0000I10c
c]
1I01G11
»•••
•
J.I0020G
5 0
505 05C
50504S4 94 94 94 94 94 94 84 84 84 84 84 8474 7474 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 64 64 64 64 5454 54 54 54 54 54545454545454 44 44 44 44 44&4 4
180
NAME
M B I T ]
W C- L1 LL
UNYA.^Y-.: 'U.I
iUIMAL Y A L - . U K A I , U ; .
K A : J V . ' . '-JY,-
I Z.. L. /•
K IZ- . l - 'KV- iMAS:. . ! •*•
S H I J ; t i Y J
I G U ' J Y M
K I S s- - 5. AI KU.NClJl Y-'- b Y Sr i A S H
1 U U T A
G I "'I A i j iI b r - i Z A l / . T AILAMATAfvlTUMoiJLU1 GU'J'JA1 BAi M AKAS l L 1NHcS A1 SAN!f. AMAl>;---.MWAoAG U-tUSHA:-IAT<-LL:KILJL. - L INGA:.A.NGUL1 GUI. IKAbUil IMAUSH! "'.uMriUKAb^L -IN G ' W A .»i> • l i A L i
MALI-4-oMI
I TUMiiULUNO'v.MA
I GAGAJKIP-.I GUi.UMWAlsl Ti lLYUMwANY >1bAM W A . J ! i j ! i ' I
LU i lA i . AI ti J Y / .
O A'-1iV 3 ) -JIJU
G AGWAQUIIvJL A - t \ AG'.LA1 LUMJ L ' iHWAMGi- JGi.iMWALiUSAL JS H U K A S H L J K A
L A L A G i iI HUJA
Qcc
5/., 2
V. '.•
r,
e b7 '•
? •
: y
~• . * ~
; '•)
I 4 c
4 ".-
I 3
54
4,::/; r!1 '_".\ 4:54 7j 6
7 74:,4 ;
~. i4 4
34416i>6 t577 f<., _,
4 <•:
6 -^ .•; -
4_5o7;.7 4T,;i- A
CJccCO0
4
.J.
1
i
2:
-•
T
.1
I
3
3
44
I
3.-j
4/;
4
•
/;J.
; •
1•
. . .
• • >
. . .
CODENR.
4 4 3 J 8
i . ; 4 V J A
1 4 ^ •") I..6','1'c1 6 3 J ; .17-7.').17 ;U:-.
< ' ,'' ,'s 0,:.• 1 . . :.v-.
,-. J i •-' i
- J* '^ J. '.'.
•t'ri It.
1241?.'. '* J Oc1 p<: 03>. 3 i /. 53's3303 2.13431i>4<"'t4-i4v3344'^OS4*t5'.)i!.-. '.f.o;i.i A 4 0 6
i '+ 7 'J 7214.152 7 7 j j
3 4.'. 103 4 <_• ) ' .
4 c ..'•-'4
4«tii3444J,I
•j 3409
A 4104:•. 6 5 2.0166CU^37 i4-7b:,1?3H i.'. .c3 -'; 41 6
4<L.'3U':-
4- 6 c.. J I)i 2 '•". •'". 7
X - 3 i 0i 4 2 •) 34ipo'\9
c7 DU3
27 40 8- 7 ?.. • j i3 *; A 0 i
1
Bb
e8
p
s<J
ft08
e8b0
8680p
^
2X888, j
8t :
8
88
;; Q
88
e
8
h1
8tr?G
, • >
8
2
55c
55c.
b
5cc
50.~c
c;
/"V
5
55,c
5
r
c;
c;
05c
c
p
c;
5c
C
55c
C3bb5Ccr
3
37•
3C3
33
037^
c00
311
315
7^7C7'.
0c333
: i515
2 b00
73C33C
15
7C
cc
4
' v )
13IZ14
) :-
3
17O
18;,.
1 -15
71317
0
70
i o40«<,06
cS
191613
3
2
ui j
j
31316
41 '+
• t-
_^
~j
0
7.182017
5r.
i
3
3t-
V
L'r
3t
3550?-3
v.n
3
C•3• ^
5301035
-
.3b
3530cJ
b
1z.c
b5
6
i,
:
( j
0
A.
3vl
34• ' )
0.->o
()
521
4+
\0/*
5
00r.
A
4b
)_;5US
50
! i
7
br.
bc
c
f:C-
c
c
br.
c:
b53
VJl
5
V."
0c
0
cc
2b3
bc
c;
cQ
c1;
5c
53
z0(.CIT
52
8
<;,b
r,
c
Vll
c
0r
ccc0bC50c
c5C0
ccc5G0
cc
0cc
r
vJ0
cf
c
cc0
5r.
t ••
r
,
c;
r".
9
70.«.
0
i.7ji717C107000770rxC0j .;'Ju
771
71i _
w
1
J1
L!77r*
Ci• i
A
A.
0
10
c20
0c
c
ccQ
cc70
007'I?r>
000
c2C700
0
c0
0
00c0
crr
c0
ci'
4k
( .
'c
< • <
( •
11
1
0
0
001n3.r.
0X1JL
i0pJ.
I1444]
4100
x
0Q ,
03
A
0
J
c4I0* •
04?"y
12
C
ccc10c
0
eX;.
0
10111cI0IiIIis
Xt;*,1
T
1.1110IIIXI0
c1
1)01
13
00cI100
1c100i0001c0101101010i00011
1i01c101uX1I01010f:y
TOTAL
4 443434343434 3
434?43434 34342424242424242424242414 14 14141414141414141
404040404040404 04 040403939393939393939
181
• > 1 ' . •.
) ~ i . • ' • , L •:
<i A : , • •'< j . i w ' .
J L Y . . ! . < i . - . ;
*ii U',': i • •-..) i :
JG I - ; . .
' : i . \ " ' l . v . : •;••"
A I ) ;: Z l J i^i '. i
A Y U - .'•> A Y i j
F,N(,I K:'J/.M/.L. "i i. =:
»LUt
5)PA 1
; ^
iAYJ
MiliAb!J K »-J I
JNOUJAYM
i
i..L ••••
• •: i
L : l
MR
' - ' 1. -.
i
T
V
t:
;G / v ; i z>
Jr-.U i:,/.r.,
« A G ,•. i L •.
J 'JZ ' .U A
U J : j Z F
s - « • ' 1 1 J r ••••'- • . ' L
A l l
acc
3
•'.
c •
• ; . >
. _
- 6!• 7
:u
•;. -' t'
- ' 1".
- 7
.• -
«r 7
-, _
7 -. .-
7 7•. >
• ~
i'3•; ;'
t
t..li_'
f. i.
7 o. 1
-
2 7
tl
cci -
Q
>
" •
' <
X
*t
i
> -
; . _
•'+so.
• : ;
1.
--
•.
c
4
-.
-•*
•J
!.•
i
'•\i-.
t
CODENR.
: • • • • : . < • • 7
: '„ i. u .,
* : * ' l .-
*': *. • J '.
' * . ! . ' . ,
1. ~> .- '
. . - '- 'j'-\-
, ! < , . • ! • . '
• f. ' . ; 4
j . !•- 4 .> 2
; - ^ ^ s,7:j7.r>.-.'.. .• 6.. ..- ' . £, ' J
j t _ /. .;
4 . k i,' .:••>,:...i7
*••• *-i J • i i
i< 7 -Jo/. .;..<; 1 .}
.v J 4 ; • ••'•>
L -^ J '-. W
' H 1"; 9• 7 v -j ;•.>. 7 /";• 3 6
i i i: 0 i.3 3 :j'iA
5 ^ ± 0 1. t- . .»
4L 2'i-'.-4 4 o"; 6.1 .i. > i 6i * 4 J1i 2 1 ) ;i
i. C I A I•. 7 3 ' J .
c'^b.. _.
_ 7 6 > ' \/. ; 1 i;-,
4^ > i. ?45 i 03idli-fi
^ i i o ^.. 3 7 ; >' >k R , o .
-. ; ^
1
o.-
i j
oc
»j
•J, i
• • )
! >
>3
d
%o
b
r.r(J
t';-;
>j
I:'80er
c
r
cc
0
2
C
:>
z-c
c
C
rcc
n
u.
5
! • • ,
Cc
c
cc
Ic
c
z
0cv'-r-c
5c
c5c
C
c5c
5c.
c:
t
c
1
t
1
i.
4i
3
~
( •
Ci j
cLC
7;-;\G
77(.3€
73p,
7
Ia
G
u
3C"»j ;
7
0J,
3
I
i.
7C^
C
3i •
j .
r
4
i *-}
A 4
itHK
'4 :
r.
' t
o .
?. v.!
.• ^
1 i.
".;
I,
17101 7« r
o
1 7j.
44
i o
4H
i 5
1,\ -'i L
c
b
4
•5 . . .
1
0
5
r
3" •
c
$
s:.?
c>
i ;
T;
r:
-.
r
r
.:
5?r-3
i
V.'
• ^
c.
if.
•?
c.
cr^
2-
6
y
A!
3w
:." i
, j
tr
•_
:<
22.
.)
/:!
5
=;
c
<-
4
2t>
4
b
2
A
2
7
-.r
7
c
c.
r
(•
j ii
t
r
C
C
(.
(
r
' ^
r.
c.
p
c
c
:-r.
c
c
c.
c05,.
c
• _ -
=
tC
8
\\ j
* :
^ .
r
'^.
V
V-
;,t ,
S,',
L
0i ,
C.
Cc00(
I.
r.
t
j
{•
Qrc.
r:
t
c
I .
C
55t
c
i'.
I .
( •
0
( . •
•;.
c(r
L
r
9
r
v.:(.'
7
<t
\
1
i
Cr
V
7
i."
0;,7r\((I17\••
•
fi
« •
i77
1C
c
cc
i.1
i7C77V
f
1
7
10
V '
0
G
i ,
C
r
c
1
77• ; •
^ .
; . ,
V '
If-
c(,,\.
;'.
."1
/-
I.
r.
vji
0
7r
f •
c(.i j
cI?(.' •
11
,.-
l"l
L
T
v . '
c
• ' 1
' • : •
' '
I".0rt
> : •
I••
)
;
Cu.
IIu3r.
i
4
i41
j .
(..-*l
A0\
c
P)rC
12
r
t
f>
c.'-I
i
r.
X10I*
•
1;
i1.
1
J
\
u
t
i1
c
i.1.
I"l
1.
i.1
xc
I•1
13
X
f
C•i
0• " i
X
!.-
V.'
it
0
•,s.0Ci
'I.
T
C'C]n
i01001
( 1
;i
1
0
3C0rL
y>
cii
cI
01
ji
III
TOT/
3>93939393838J 6
3 M
3 b3B3 b
3 b38
3B3 8383 836' ' f t36-rt3 83 a373 7373737373737373737373737363o3 636363 fc
363 63636' 6
36363 6L5
35
182
oQ
NAME § Q CODENR. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TOTAL
NG'.-.'-'-.iiULIM-HJ ':<•• ••.. t--.-4,-0 i< i 3 c ? <-, C u 7 0 i i 3 35MrtAhUZ;'1 - ..::.* 0 c c ', f. 5 •': c, < • 0 "; J 1 35MW^-H ".Y.r : e .. " I-.6.V'.; « C 3 fc? 3 c> C v '< 0 4 ' 0 35UY'K.u : : 1 i".;i.-: " 0 3 4 ^ 4 c : :: " C I 3 35iMYA'-li LA.-iA < ,. - ^ _ . i : - y C- 7 0 - v e C 7 0 •> i A 35bAi^'I 7 •'. •v-«i717 n i ; 13 ' ? C 5 7 •"• C C 3. 35K l J J i ' b : . : : ;
4 I :-;..: -i 5 7 _• i '•> : C 1 C j . \ I ?4IG'JL 'JouTi ; ; /• .. , , . - , . ; . . . t 5 ? 0 5 3 C C C 7 ). > i 34
K-- - 1 1 "AL704 ? t i i 4 .' 0 G 0 ( ( J i i 34LYANf-'U i. ' i ,:L>;:0i t J j 1 ; 3 J C r C 0 0 ! 1 34MISH-V-."' c.:. , I'jZi)?. 0 C 3 17 5 i 5 C f 0 1 I 0 34MkA'l;tv,l.?:jGA <•-'• :,. ,• c 4 , 3 .c C 7 0 j =5 C t f- G /; 3 i 3^MrtA"-IY/.T«- i : . •• : j i . ( ]« i b j , i • o r 3 C C 7 0 V '. 2 34MYAI^iJt-InZ/'-UJAi-i;-A ;-•• . ,. is-1? b t I j 3 •-, 1; I ( t t >. 0 34M W A L W . L ^ T U L J ~tL V t .74...?. 6 5 3 r> 5 *> C •'• .' 0 4 .1 0 ?4
I'rtCil. :M; i 7 7 t .•..7 7:...;. c1 5 *" . ••; a. 4 C i- '• f. : ^ C 34K I Ml I HI HA > I j _-.2:.5.L c C C. 5 t •) 5 5 C 0 1 1 1 34d U K l " G^Ai ' l I I Z i 2"t. 4 4^1 - '< i t1 C - i- 3. 0 s C 7 0 1 "l "l 3ANKol i G : i".'. cs •-(• 4th-i.;-;. r C 2 I "J 1 i L 7 i. I ?. 0 34
CHLMr.r.Li ; : : :;. i::.-:')^ 3 * c ;. 3 ;•> =• * ;• i 1 c 3 i2
MATINA ' ; . . • : t ; ^ ^ . L 3 ? r i. (. L 0 ( . 0 0 ?ZI T i m A N R . ;-:c x , ^ ~ u ; . 8 C 3 4 3 " 0 ( C 7 I I J 2 3KAKMLA -';* x :,4i.07 fc C C i ? 5 f- (. 7 0 0 1 5 33OLD MHI.H-.1ZL: 47 •. :,470; :. 0 b 3 5 •:• L " c I C A 0 f.- 33
KAbAL ( 04 : .:.64.i7 8 0 IX 0 3 f; 0 (• L C 4 ; i 33TUP^WOANt- 7 7 * :. ? . i / 5 o £ 1 1 C C •' ?• f. i 0 4 1 C 3?KAOLiUDO '.'• I. ^34 ,0 e C C 3 u ii 5 C : 2 < i .> 33MWAlUrTn I1-, ?. £.7b;.O f1 5 3 "i <t 0 O 0 - i C 0 \ I 33KIS.Jix: .-:\ -\ ^cili'-- b C 3 o 2 0 i ^ f, 0 1 , \ 33ULOwA : ; J, ;-;>jr »i S x 5 3 0 S L f." ? C 1 I 33UllV.J/ . -UJA. 'W, 1 ^ : ^ :>.::? . 6 5 0 5 3 5 r : I 0 G 1 i 33N)G'WA:-ir'Tj O 4 -r^i ^ J C C A 5 5 i :> 7 f. 0 1. i 33MGULY47I «•',:. -, 4^..,v :. u 5 C 7 -- 5 £ C 7 0 C 1 0 33MWA--ULA j . •'. 1 .i.i>.,">9 L b C <-' 3 ?.• t 5 C 0 ? 0 0 32iLMi 'u . i 1 : ~ :• " . • . . : • 7 t 5 1 \ r. 1 c, 0 :. 1 1 0 j 321 SHC-GIHYA i ; ; j , , : ^ i 9 5 0 3 3 b :; 0 f 2 \ e 0 32NiHK . I I IN i JLU ?^: i ^Ps,; : . 8 5 7 ? !5 '. C C 0 " I I 0 32PAMbt l\ I A?.2.'. J 6 5 7 u 5 *• ( 0 0 0 \ I I 32
HILLS HI k 3 . ^4^06 ft 5 3 .13 C 0 0 0 3. 0 0 1 i 32rtWA.W'.Gt;M!.U": ^7 i I 4 7 J b b 5 3 1 5 3 ^ C I C 0 0 ) 32MHUl.f r : ';. 16 3^1 fc = 3 0 3 "? C 5 t C I x 1 32SHATlN"h.£. 7' I IT}.1\ 8 I 2 02 ' <5 C L 2 I r i 32NULIMI : . ; .' . . : ; • ' & 'i C 0 ;» '. r- !' L 7 ^ '-. ". :• 32LUbYi G.'- f ;i ,:::>;.0-7 tf S 3 7 3 (• i . C. '. C 4 • U 3?M B J M i l :/l :_ l?l:.2 r. b 7 4 5 0 0 0 i u 0 .1 I 3^KINAilHUNDU 7"] 3 3 3 M 4 e 5 C r ; 3 2 C C C (; I \ r- 32IK1NHA : r ;. uf..': C i; 0 ?. •?. '" 2 : (. ^ C 0 I I 3 1K A L A ! i G : . L ! i!i 1 1151^ £ 5 J X 7 0 ,. C C Tv 0 1 u 0 3 1I KOIi.AoUK 1 : / !;. "\31"'l b 5 ^ i ' : ; 7- L, f. J C ^ 1 ) 3JKlTYi LU C.J 1 I o o o 7 0 0 3 1 ^ 5 i c 0 C ? J 1 i 31MwAL'.'.lr-lilAl. A 6'> i 2 o 4 i : : >.-. f 7 0 5 0 0 f, 0 C 4 \ X 3XMWAMA S 1 G I L I f:? ;•. ^ t : - J 7 6 5 7 l> ? 4 C. C \ (. ."-. .'. i 21LUGUKU 51 1 i.'ot>\i. Pi 0 3 5 5 *b C " C C: .1 C 3 1
183
oQ CCCC H-< 52
WE g O CODENR. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TOTAL
o u i • . . . :. . t.., !... o c c j . o :. -< t i v :• <s c \ _ - oJ f ' . . . ! > . ••- "; . : . - - . > : - t :• f i ~ •••• ' ( . "; •:• :• . ! i : i ':j«',T- . : : ; . , .o. . ' ' f J ' J '. ^ '. .' a 0HA'I'... : i c. , ., c . . . 7 B L T. 2 .- ^ [ * ( (.. ? C i ?'JD l K i i . ! ' 7- • L'1'r.i'^ o c. 0 - '•> ? ( <: j. 7 '< •• C 30A N , , , - . - K . r , , . L : j j t . : : n u i:- : ^ib?.: .> i t 4 ': -' - .: 7 0 x ; c 2 0
J T 1 - - " - / • :• 3 ^ 4 . : : : L' 5 I' 7 .' / ' [:• c : » . • ; . ; 1 ? 0
i-i\- >'•:• . '•: ^ . : J i L C 7 • _• f> ::• C V v 0 I '' dG
AL-'.i ••••. -••.. -•-, /,'.:...,;•: ii r 7 -,. ri ': - :: •<:. •: ; :< i 30LT-A - - ; 4 - - ^ : . J « c 7 ,. ; ' • i c 1 0 /. i 1 3C
TA.>/M-!- 'T!-)A <-/:• ~ 4' ;:S06 o -I G i: T i. i> f 7 V I 0 0 3 0: J: ,L .. L ' - Z i r\ '• ~l~. .n :i C }. :. b •' \. 7 CC ". i 30T I L i •••.:• ' y - ,'. J , : . A i*. o 3 4 - 3 i \ •:. :.. c i c x 2^WMI ! :• .". \ "., i ' 7 :: C ? ; ; •; L, .', 'i i ^ ',. 1 iS
•rf/-.M; •;.i K,A, •'.. : . • ! , ; , „ " ,-. b 7 •"• 5 J 0 f I •:. 0 i 3 2 5;!TI.J ; J .' ^ ;; .-. j •'-,{...;:." :; ^ 7 C 3 ^ C C '• ! ' i i i ?9
| j L J . i . i i . , i '•"• i :. , ,;.;.c ^ f- L; 0 ? "• r; G ;.' i- r j . > 2 1: ; ' J A ' : . •,., •.. •'• i i * i; :. ':. - '• 5. .-.- ?. • >. 2 ^W M T . ' I V H , ' . ) L ; ": ;•.;;_. )':. ' 0 7 7 : i ; b < • \ " !• 0 5. 2?
..•< A I Y A l i i i1-!/; j ' . •: ii:j'•. •.. C L Ii ' '' ^ ':• .. i. ;. J i 2^
•AMOU,--. - . : . ' . 4 ' ; : . . ' . i- C i: ! ? 2 5 5 7 C 0 C •} 2 9
•\Mf. T?.I i.k- '-, v i o X f C 3 S l^ ? •..• L. f- 0 f ?. 1 2 9
" U I.'UL Y. \Z . -.1 -: z / . 7 , - : : >• !r 5 C- 5 :; <; J; T .. " 0 C 2 9
Su-1i. ' / lM.Jl . -A .7 ' !• _7v!'':- ii! ^ 13. 0 0 v> : !' '. ;'.• ' I 1 28
A ^ , N / . T : "••:. .• , , : . i j . * c c <: 7 ? -j '., ? ;: 7 1 ^ c 2b
HUM., i t I . ' • L _ / . ' . i t e f C 5 f> :.. (.. o ," ; 1 0 I 2 81,'V.T,. -.6 I :.-;6u4 f< C 5 .5 2 2 :'; '" .". G 1 J 1 26WA -i ^L)<, :•:: . :.:/«, ::.i 6 f 7 \ B 1 C 0 ;.. G ;. 1 i 28us*, . . 7" .' i7 ; ; ' , s b r :-• .5 3 :. : r • c ; '. o 28YMS; I i •V.A 7;- ^ 2 - °..'.:• 8 5 I C 0 b u r: 5. r- (.•• 0 5 ?a
K J ' 1 : - z.'* 'i i.io\<';. B C C 7 3 '•) =S i ; ' . ( 0 I 0 2 «
H..T--I/; ?L' : :•>/•.,;'...:7 b 5 0 3 5. i': c (.• G 0 ( ; 1 1 28AH-'. ! oA - : JJ , ,M^A j ; ."- i r ' , o 7 8 5 5 0 0 5 ? f »'. 2 1 0 ) 2 8WA'-K A IJ ; .M ' • A ". ." . ••»";'• 8 ^ 0 3 t .";• G ;"• 0 ?. .", GO 2 7
t'iO ' ,.t> '. : c ^ ^ o ;J i . . 2 J 0 3 C r, C 2 i 3 1 27O S G 6 3 :-/. 5 C 1 0 1 i » 27
IZA ;ZA MO .-. /.-to >'•. H t G «: >. ^ i: 0 1 <. ( 1 ( 27M i " : c / i Lo3i"'^ 6 = 3 0 ^ ^ C C 0 2 2 0 0 27
b 3 7 0 ' j ~. 0 (. 0 0 0 I 1 2 78 5 0 *t 2 lJ G 0 C r G " I 71
kl\-.t i:. ', •>*:>>; > C 3 4 I i. c, t G 2 * 0 G 2 7i-. b 3 S C 0 j r> / (. c "= 0 27S 5 C j ? 5 •: C ; (' 4 )l G 2 7
: jc I L-.'.', '< 2 J. : i ^231 . 3 0 0 <* i I t ! ? C 0 0 0 i 2 7UT K>H i ;•.-'.> ;;..;';..;< ri 5 3 0 u 2 i. G 5 2 / i S. 27
8 5 C 1 C 2 3 5 0 ?. C 0 1 27o S G o G 0 3 ;• J 2 • 1 X 2 7
GJM/-. --.. '•'• : -O3.LA C 5 (. J G (j d (• C- 7 (' 1 0 27
U L U - J A L - . ••'.'- .. - 4 4 0 7 <l 5 G 3 3 :3 G C 1 ;'< f. J. I 27
UZ1-U :•-:• .- Z.t-':-O?. 6 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 <"• ? 0 0 I ?7AKW; -UJ/ .M, , . , * : -:• 4 - I 9 ' J 4 O :'3 C 7 G 0 ?. C 7 G 4 1 0 27
wAMKUMhJ c3 •. 4o3 f ' 7 8 fj 0 0 5 j 0 ^ 7 u 0 1 i 27HLluola, J 7 j '-,, 7.v> f, 0 3 3 3 0 0 G G 0 C i I G 2.6
4 is
M- O
c /
c i?
6 67;.
7 4
• i. 't b
.-. /. 't 0
J. \ o3
": ..06
•. ' V A
, ! :7-^ Ii A 2
..' _ 0
0 v
•J ^
1 3
- ; ;
\s
i A
184
NAME
BUTUM3AZ.UNZUIIMWASHI iMNG'H.LAGONG1HOMAKITONGHMG' ^ANHKuTL':.MbUG'.i v-MAHGUM wAMG I L 1HALI- i l . ) !
BULUMGWALJUKUMI'1-KlrtAMHuMHUGiN G U ••Ji.) A : J G ; * L I
lblu.MwAS I NiiiJI T'JuUNHilI L c M V cCHAMHOI TULAMA.SHIK1SHIL iL ' :L II MALANGUZUK.AKJLAM W A N A S I
KI SUKr-UJAMAAN Y t i JYK::L^.
BUS J'IGJUDUoUTTMW/VJu ' HA I. A ).,AM W A L A T A
MAL'INDIMUfvJt i t .
MHuUGOI..)
SAbA-SAr jTMIUYOVUN Z L; G A
5HAG1HILUM/JAMI HAivlZAS E K L
BUT )WAM:ii'lG.JULCWL:
NYAJATi !N A M G A
fJGULYATI-UJAHAAMwAbUKI-UJAMAA
UKLNYtVIG./I .NYANGAIGUSAKANYT . J Y T - U J A M A A
K A (-41 HANGULUliUGAY;\;-iJ I G J
QCC<
1
-C -
7 'ij t.;
1c'-.';H 'i
..:.;.s "
u /
;>>
32i i' • ' * " \
O £
i '
"•'*. V
.4."'r,• • » ' . .
••: 1 -
'-. *J
7*13. - 1 -
4; ;
4 L'4?.I 3>. o
i *r.< ^
'. ?4?.64
1212
c r.
° Ir '
i :•
ODCHCOQ
5.?
' i.
c>
i
j
.'.
•g
i3~
l
-•
j
3
y,
4
3_,
7
i
CODENR.
•: ,: '•;, 9
x 2 LA1 5J.3 3/.5
.'. 7 1 0 ^^'.34.. 7J' i ' : • ' • ' • '
i - , 7> j o
,7^)7i .. fctf.03^103'.'4106Zb2.!i'l12i>, A>. 41 .i. I
i c 4 0 c1 , «1 £ 5'•''' "i S r
••• / 3 "
i^2;;912115
': o *L 0 33 '*. 3 ,'i 1
3 j?u7^ : , •<{ 0 • J
i. •• £0i1 42«. C" 4 3 0 3• ^ 5 0 7
1/72133^530.:•..'..-. t. *
341 }•»•• Y G ^
I t 3042-3043..6U8322 2 33 J I G 53A4T;4^23844 32 5464ub
• • - •: /,3.1232J23LG333053 1 j . X 73 5X01j. i * w 5
1
6bt
sbB
u
bwe
0a
6
0Bab
cR
0
G80800
0Qb0R0b
0
008
^
0J
000
250
G05c
Gc;
bL
oi :
oGc.
5
00c;
0~Ga
50
VJ
5C
5CGGG55c0GCG
CGCJ
5.'jc
c
3
3
l iI'a
0
03ci :
u: •
7700
c
3•3
U7G00
033
Un0300030
30000
G33
U0z>
4
0J03
4
0
:
6
05o003
33u
120
43• ?
0
• j
. ' ,
3••>
12v)
' i3X
14i
23
6
r<.fi
?. 530
5
0
c
313
0030
30
3
3-'
•or-
005
b
0<.;•2
0•js
5
cC0Ci
3
30
,-,
3
(;G
6
243: i04
?
5350
ub:?
4\u
b5103i )
40*:2
033ft[)
3o
02
0
.">
30
50r
5
?
7
cr
cc
c5i .
• ^
• ^
?G
•3
cci0
05G5Q3•a
r,' j
Cat .
,r.
c3•3
33
p.
C
•3
cc3
cl.i
8
00005n5c,
0{j
0
3
cccc
(J
j
1 ' l
G
cr
i ;
r
ccc
r
0
5
550000G
u0CJ
G0
55Gf)
G0
9
Cf
\ j
CG0i..1
1
\
i .
C( •
r
"000f":
( •
0
c.0o
cII1
IG
cc
Ir
c0(.;
777
CC;
c( j
G
10
2i%..Car
(
C!
o20V,
2C000?0f.
oi ':
2CJ(1
0202?
G00->
c00GC7G0u
00
c7
G
zc
o
11
7
40J0Xr
10440
1401
t i
0010
00J,40001
A
0041s.0G00>.0I
0
0
0
ci
12
\"i
0yc10
ii
i.
CJiI1:>0i71.00
c110JI
c
1
01
11}
1
0010111
3
1I(
cx1G
13
*II0I0
a0200G1i1
1.IV.10J011iG001
. 1N
0
1\}
1101\i5.C1
0G11303
TOTA
26262626262626?525252525252424-2424242424242323232 3,232322222222
222222
2222212121212121212 i2121
202620202020} g
185
oQ crcc h-
ME gQ CODENR. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TOTAL
' v!; :••"•, j,V" -, , - ^ .v-. - y .. ^ , ,• .... _ i. ;. C ~ " i 19
' R j • • ) . • . . . • , - . •• > :. . < • • ; : . - . < . ^ ;, A •-.:•• 4 5 i. i o •..• • :• i . ^
• T A I •' "•••.• i " :'-. ; : : ^ . . :. (. c >: : r- •,'• c *> o 7 ^ :• c 1 9
, A M . : - , K . ' j M " ,-. . ,. .•. . : . X . . • > •; ( ' *_• ': i .•. >~ ::• • '. '. 1 - U 1 3
, 1 J ! I , ' - .i'i c i.'.:•'/'./. r. • u > C l ; '.• .'•"' >•': '. 0 !-, '; '•. 1 3
;u n ii. i c.'• * ^ i ^ r- r o - •:• J : ; r: z c o i .17i i . i | . Y 1 . . . • . ' . ; • • 'v u '-' •'::'• '• C 1 C •'.: > ' 1 \7'f. M r ' .. .• ; ...'i.-L ' '... <- " : i C - :, ? 3 0 C 17A -ii> • )••> Jo \ •'. o . A ' t o i ' i ? i 5 r. ; . i • '+ «.. C1 3 0 C X ji 1 7
'AT A , . , -'.7 •.>,/>.'.• 0 C C <> '; ) •. 0 j . C (• 0 i . 1 7
jA'i>j-:: . ) i -uj. . ;- i . . : \ • : . L . . , J . - ? t c c r :• o :-. i ?. c o l i 17
; i -v •.;'• i ^ , •' t i. ,••;..". J B i ; " ;'i /• ;'' ; 0 ••' c. C CO i6tAL > 4 1 1- -4^U 0 5 c .1 J •) C i. C V 4 1 C 1 6V i.JL i ; ' ; i^:-..- 0 i> 0 •:• L 0 J « 1 0 0 1 !. ). 6
•k / . i - ' i i : A . - ' JJ . , - ' - I * . I \ i " .: : : ^ . : ^ o L o -; •! (.: ;j ? 5 o o o ;, ;. 5.5
*•; ' ! : 'n l '• •• i .. :O>> fa C 0 •„ 5 0 C C •., <.. 0 1 "< 1 5
^ A M I i V J :•">.'> ••.. . ' , , . , . : : ! • • ft C 3 '•> U /•; C 0 ( ' 0 0 i j . 1 5
-KJ vioA : • - ... /.-. co'^ '-. - 3 0 3 J C C 0 ^: 4 0 C 14
iy ir, i -.... ... .:v.j>y- ;, Ji i i f- v C v 0 r- 1 ). I 1 4MJ ' .V I ' • J ' . ' J 'H ; L J . : - i>,'.3 S i C C C> _- 0 .'.I I c :'"• 0 !L *.. !t 14
;U ' ;n ' : •' J . 6 . ^ c c t; i o .;• :• >:• .• 7 i r, L 1 4•> ] j / - . - ' j j . , . i . ;., ;.-' . :^r.f--;- o o c.• s c. o i f <: ^ c o i 1 4
, A L ' ! I . - - >.i 1 :•.;::•?.. 0 ^ c •+ u .: ; 0 u '.• 1. 0 0 12
•i^L,Kri.-.u .• c : .:,i.'1(i 00 o 1. i: "> ..; c G J 0 1 i 13i ,•",;; /? . i/iws Of u i Z '•• i C 0 0 1 .1 I 1 3YALMIV /:',. r 5;'i.'<i: n C £> j . C •'; v." u i 0 >. 0 i 1 3
• j A L ' i - t j . • ' • I . . - * ': ... I '.•'• cC'l ('. 5 I- * C. 0 C (";• C C l. ; 0 3 3j ' iAl i '-..: -• 44^. i^ •; 0 :J j. =. "•> C (.• t . f . * • :* C 1 3sA.s^. -•' '- : : - : o ; . o c c 7 c -; ~ c r c c= ~ v 12f . .T'J:;^lL>) '••''. : Is-*.1: ^ <• C 0 G •,> C G 0 ? 0 I 1 \ZJL.il ••-*JJ-.:-I.AA ":.: : i.<Ls-^ u C 0 o 0 ii S C 0 0 :, 0 1 1.1'>cku ',.:. '. :::,L'i.7 u c c ;•; o M ,- '.: v ' c (- o :t.oi U o A . L T ( A" 1 ^<.^---o C C 0 X '? 4 0 r sj f i. 0 3 10joj: ' . ! i i : ; : 3^::^x o c c o o >.; ?. b r, r c 3 0 9.iNGAM:-..-L! . ; : 1- i - ' ' O c P. C 0 J 0 0 0 I- C C 0 rt 1 9j ; j ; i r ; • u L . U . . ; 0 C (.• •': 0 ."! "; 0 ;!• C C I 'j 7)ALt»M.:'» i ' - •- "<r: i . . 1: '- - I..- 0 n J 0 «'. ».' o O X ; . 7
187
Appendix 13. PRELIMINARY PRIORITY RANKING FOR WARDS
district
Kahama
Shinyanga
Bariadi
division
Dakama
Kahama
Msalala
Mweli
Siloka
Itwangi
Kishapu
Mondo
Negezi
Nindo
Samuye
Mjini
Itilima
ward
UkuneUkambaMpunzeIsageheIsakaMhongoloZongomeraNgogwaBusangiNgayaLunguyaUleweUshetuUyogoRunzeweUshiromboMasumbweMbogweUsuleDidiaIsemelaTindellolaItwangiUchungaMwakidoyaShagihiluMasangaMwamalasaSomagediKishapuBubikiBunambiyuBugoroMondoSongwaLohumboMaganzoIbadakuliItilimaUkenyengeMwamasheleKiloleliLaganaTalagaNgofilaSolwaSal aweMwantiniIselemagaziLyabukandeNyang'ombeMwamalaUsanda/SingitaSamuyeChibeKizumbiLuguruZagayuNkomaMwamapalalaMbita
factorwater need
2040
0000
200
20204040202020
00
2040
020
020
02040
00000
202020
02040
00
400000
404020202020
02020
040
00
200
202040
priority score
l;ictorfacilities
01530
015150
3030303030301530303030
0150
300000
30151515150
301530303030150
15153015150
3000
1530303030
00
150
1515150
factorinf liistructurc
1515153030153030151515
00
150
150
153030303015303030
0000
303015303030303030153030
00
300
1515151500
153015303030
00
150
total
357045304530506065658570505050453065704550603530507030151515455065656080
10060455545453015854065353550305065605530455015355040
prioritycntHgory
I I II
III I III
I I IIIIIIIII
IIIIIIII
IIIII
IIIIII
I I II I IIII
IIIIIIIIII I IIIIIII
IIII
IIIIIIIIII
I I II I I
II I I
II I II I III
I I IIII
IIII
I I IIIII
I I II I III
I I I
Appendix 13 continued
188
OISTl ICt
Bariadi(continued)
Maswa
riii/i^ionU l v 191 \Ji 1
Kanadi
Ntuzu
Meatu
Mwagala
Nung'hu
Sengerema
ward
ChinamiliSagataLagangabililiBumeraSomandaNkololoMhanguBunam'halaNyakabindiMwabubingiDutwaGabuItinjeMwabuzoImalasekoSemu-KimaliKisesaBukundiNkomaLalago-MjiniSukumaBusililiMpindoDakamaIpililoBuchambiMaselaIsangaMalampakaBadiKulimiNyabubmzaShishiyu
factorwater need
4020404020204040
040204040404020404040
04020404040
040
00
40204020
priority score
factorfacilities
01500
150
1530
015151530
030
00
151530
030
0150
3030
03015150
15
factorinfrastructure
00
15153030
0
15151515150000000
3015150
150
300
153030
0150
total
403555556350558515705070704070204055556055654070406070156085355535
prioritycategory
I I II I IIIIII
IIIII
I I II
IIII
I I II
I I II I IIIIIIIIII
I I II
I I IIII
I I IIII
I I III
189
Appendix 14 WATER METER READINGS OF USIA SCHEME
Meter nr.
7650454
7666014
7666017
7650406
7666016
7666015
7650453
7650409
7650407
7650408
Location
in pipeline to Tinde
Kituli Upper PrimarySchool
in pipeline to cattletrough between Kisumaniand Tinde P.S.in discharge pipe fromTinde storage tank
in pipeline to Imenya/Igomelo
in pipeline to Uwela
in pipeline to pump sumpof Itwangi P.S.in pipeline to Didia
in pipeline to Didia
in pipeline to Bugisimission near Didia
Month
FebruaryMarchJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayFebruaryMarch
JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayFebruaryMarchAprilMayFebruaryMarchAprilMayFebruary
FebruaryMarchAprilMayFebruaryMarchAprilMayFebruaryMarchAprilMay
Averagedaily waterconsumption
(m3)
31.17232.6951.1981.2701.4241.5042.0251.9492.218
27.30325.32024.69324.06728.1604.0094.6574.2784.3260.4251.4332.0061.038
11.41014.09811.98113.34410.99713.11410.48612.5855.1566.6775.1485.760
