ship design & engineering introduction principles of ship design basic ship structure, including...
TRANSCRIPT
Ship DesignShip Design& Engineering& Engineering
IntroductionIntroduction• Principles of ship design• Basic ship structure, including
forces• Ship structural elements• Compartment Numbering• Submarine Design• Piping Systems & Coloring
Basic Design Basic Design ConsiderationsConsiderations
• Operation Employment• Mission: task or job ship is designed to
perform• Armament: measure of offensive &
defensive power of ship• Protection: features designed to thwart or
minimize destructiveness of enemy attack• Maneuverability: rapid course/speed
changes• Cruising range: distance a ship can travel
at cruising speed without refuel/reprovision
Basic Design Basic Design ConsiderationsConsiderations
• Structural design & seaworthiness• Stability: ability of ship to return to an
upright position when heeled over• Displacement: measured in tons of
water• Freeboard: vertical distance between
top of hull and water line• Hull shape• Beam
Basic Forces Acting on Basic Forces Acting on ShipsShips
• Stress• Load per unit area (psi)• Tension, compression, shear, torsion
• Strain• Deformation per unit length
• Longitudinal Bending• Sagging• Hogging
StressStress• Def’n: load a member is carrying
per unit area (psi)• Types:
• Tension: axial stress exerted by pulling
• Compression: axial stress exerted by pressure on ends
• Shear: equal but opposite forces at right angle
• Torsion: stress caused by twisting motion
StrainStrain• Def’n: the distortion/deformation
per unit length as a result of stress • Measured in inches per inch (in/in)
SaggingSagging• Condition where ship is supported
more at its ends• Compression of main deck• Tension of the bottom/keel
HoggingHogging• Condition where ship is supported
more in its middle• Tension of main deck• Compression of bottom/keel
Ship Structural Ship Structural ElementsElements
• Keel• Centerline backbone of ship• Runs the length of the ship
• Framing• Ribs of ship, provide structural strength
-> define form of ship• Types:
• Transverse (extend outward from keel)• Longitudinal (parallel to keel, run length of
ship)
Ship Structural Ship Structural ElementsElements
• Bottom• Cellular region comprised of keel &
framing• Plating
• Skin over framework -> rectangular steel plates welded together
Ship Structural Ship Structural ElementsElements
• Decks• “Floors” of a ship (sometimes called
“levels”)• Horizontal partitions that form tiers• Main deck is uppermost complete deck
• Bulkhead• “Walls” of a ship• Horizontal partitions that form
compartments• Can either be structural or non-
structural (joiner)
Ship Structural Ship Structural ElementsElements
Ship Structural Ship Structural ElementsElements
• Doors• Passage between spaces on SAME
level• Can be Water-Tight (sealed with
“dogs”)• Individually acting v. Quick-acting
• Hatches• Passage between spaces on
DIFFERENT levels• Most are water-tight boundaries
Compartment Compartment NumberingNumbering
• System used for ships built after 1949• 4 main parts
• Deck • Frame• Compartment• Use
ex: 5 – 32 – 0 – E
Deck Frame Compartment Use
Compartment Compartment NumberingNumbering
• Deck: • Meaning: “Space is located on this deck”• Upper levels are 01,02… successively from main• Main deck is 1• Lower decks are 2,3,4… successively from main
Compartment Compartment NumberingNumbering
• Frame: • Meaning: “Forward boundary of
compartment is on or immediately aft of this frame number”
• Sequential number given to transverse frames fore to aft
Compartment Compartment NumberingNumbering
• Compartment: • Indicates position of compartment
relative to centerline• Centerline compartments are “0”• Numbers follow in succession from
centerline outboard • Even numbers for Port side (2,4,6, …)• Odd numbers for Starboard side (1,3,5,
…)
… 6 4 2 0 1 3 5 …
Port Centerline Starboard
Compartment Compartment NumberingNumbering
• Use: • Letter that designates primary use of
the space• Examples
• “A”: Supply & Storage• “C”: Control (ship control or fire control)• “E”: Engineering • “F”: Fuel tank• “L”: Living • “M”: Ammunition• “T”: Trunk• “V”: Void• “W”: Water tank
Submarine DesignSubmarine Design• Hull (made of HY-80 or HY-90 steel)
• Watertight envelope designed to resist submergence pressure at CRUSH DEPTH
• Inner hull (pressure hull)• Outer hull (non-pressure hull)
Pressure HullPressure Hull• Single hull design
• US submarines• Quieter• Larger interior volume
• Double hull design• Russian submarines• Easier to manufacture• Ability to absorb damage
Submarine DesignSubmarine Design• Structural Members
• Similar to surface ship but rounded for submarine hull shape and THICKER
• All levels have expansion joints (varying submergence pressures)
Submarine AppendagesSubmarine Appendages• Plane surfaces
• Fairwater• Bow• Stern• Rudder
• Sail and superstructure• Free-flood area
Material SelectionMaterial Selection• Cost• Weight• Durability
• Steel normally used because of strength
• Aluminum and other alloys for corrosion resistance
• Ease of manufacturing
Questions, Questions, Comments, Comments, Concerns?Concerns?