Ship to Ship LNG Transfer Technology

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Excelsior Class EBRV138,000 m3

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LNG STS TransferDouble Banked at Anchor

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LNG STS ConfigurationsLNG STS Configurations

LNG Transferred via Ship to Ship Transfer

Gas Delivered from EBRV to facility via HP Gas Arm

LNG transferred across dock from LNG Carrier

Gas Delivered from EBRV to facility via HP Gas ArmLNG transferred from LNG Carrier to EBRV down the dock

Gas Delivered from EBRV to facility via HP Gas Arm

Gas

LNG

Gas

LNG

Gas

LNG

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LNG Lightering

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Double-Banked at Bahia Blanca

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Bahía Blanca GasPort(Argentina)

• Dockside LNG regasification Utilizes ship-to-ship LNG

transfer with continuous natural gas send out

Capable of 400 mmscfd throughput (closed-loop mode)

Provides seasonal service during Argentine winter

• Short development time and low cost Final investment decision to in-

service in less than 6 months Fixed facilities cost <5% of a

land-based LNG terminal

• Project partners are YPF and Repsol-Gas Natural

Excelsior docked at the Bahía Blanca GasPort

Gas offloading armGas offloading arm

Bah

ía B

lanc

a G

asP

ort

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LNG STS TransferRisk Management

L N G

means

Let’s Not Guess

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• Developed with partners Exmar NV / Exmar Offshore USA Skaugen PetroTrans

• STS Operation must meet applicable standards IMO - Gas code Class approvals by BV for LNG-RV’s, focus unrestricted liquid levels /

all shipboard systems. IACS rules for LNGC: - Liquid level restrictions due to sloshing loads OCIMF / SIGTTO

○ Ship to Ship Transfer Guide (Liquefied Gases) Second Edition / Draft LNG STS Transfer Guidelines

○ SIGTTO LNG specific STS Transfer Considerations

USCG: 33 CFR 156 Subpart B and C EN 1474 - 2 standards for cryogenic transfer systems

LNG STS TransferPartners / Development Basis

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LNG STS TransferInitial Engineering & Feasibility

• By BUREAU VERITAS Target: assess measurable operational criteria to avoid sloshing

damage in LNG-C due to any level of partial filling during LNG transfer

Conclusion: LNG-C maximum roll angle 2° ; keep heading +/-30° into direction of significant waves

Hs < 2.0 m

• BY GTT Target: determine the maximum LNG transfer flow rate

compatible with the treatment capacity of the increased Boil-Off Gas (BOG)

Conclusion: Up to 6,000 m3/h with 60 mbar cargo tank pressure difference between LNG-RV and LNG-C

• HAZID / HAZOP : Original STS design Lloyds Register / BMT

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LNG STS TransferRisk Based Assessments

• Computer Motion Simulation Exmar Offshore / Yokohama Rubber Co. Ltd.

• Maneuvering Simulations Ship Maneuvering Simulator Training Center – Trondheim / Antwerp

Maritime Academy / Lloyds Register / South Tyneside Technical College / SIPORT – Madrid

• STS Operations Plan Skaugen PetroTrans

• Dynamic Mooring Analysis Tension Technologies International

• Operation Manuals for rigging STS equipment Developed based on extensive practical tests on board

• HAZID / HAZOP : final review Including operation manuals, training and procedures

(Lloyds Register)

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Spool pieces

Flexible hoses

Saddles

3 liquid lines6 hoses

1 vapour line2 hoses

Feeder ship

LNGRV

Blank flange

Water curtain & bath

LNG STS TransferManifold Configuration

Dry-Break ERC

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LNG STS TransferGear General Arrangement

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LNG STS Transfer Equipment Class Approvals

• Reducing ‘Y’ Spool Pieces Class approval (BV)

• Emergency Release Couplings Type approval (BV)

• LNG Cargo Transfer Hoses Type approval (DNV)

• Manifold platform structural verification Class approval (BV)

• Hose Support Saddle verification Class approval (BV)

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LNG STS TransferCargo Transfer Hose

• Stainless Steel End Fittings

• Epoxy Filled & Swaged

• Standard ANSI 8” Flange

•Type Approved by Class for STS Transfer of LNG

•EN 1474 Compliant

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LNG STS TransferCargo Transfer Hose

• 57 Layers of Polyethylene

• Film and Fabric

• Inner / Outer Stainless Mandrel

• Electrically Continuous

• Failure Mode

• Leak before fail

• 400,000 Cryogenic Cycles

• Comprehensive testing by TNO

• Flow tests at Nikisso w/ up to 1500 m3/hr

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LNG STS TransferCargo Transfer Hose

• Composite Hose

• 8” Diameter

• 15 m Length

• 0.65 m Min. Bend Radius

• 300 Liter Volume per Hose

• DNV Type Approved

• Fit for Purpose

• Light and Flexible

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LNG STS TransferCargo Hose Storage

• Hose Storage on EBRV

• Test Blinds on Hose Ends

• Internal Nitrogen Blanket

• Test, Inspection, Records

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LNG STS TransferCryogenic Hose Impact Test

• 224 kg x 1.5 m

•3 bar LN2

•No Leakage

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LNG STS TransferSudden Impact!

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LNG STS TransferCryogenic Hose Impact Test

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LNG STS TransferCryogenic Hose Crush Test

•200 mm Crush Plate

•270 kN Load @ 3 bar LN2

•106 bar Pressure Test

•Severe Leakage – No Burst

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LNG STS TransferCryogenic Hose Crush Test

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LNG STS TransferCryogenic Hose Pressure Test

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LNG STS TransferCryogenic Hose Integrity

• 50% Damage of Outer SUS Wire

• 6 bar – No Leakage

• 34 bar – Burst Pressure – No Jetting

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LNG STS TransferCryogenic Hose Cycling

• 400,000 Cycles

• 2 Meter Stroke

• Certified by TNO

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LNG STS TransferHose Support Saddle

• One per Hose Pair – Total Four Saddles on Each Vessel

• Provides Protection and Support in Way of Hand Rails

• Maintains Adequate Bend Radius of Hose

• Transfer Loads from Hoses to Manifold Deck

• Chafe Protection for Hoses

• 8 mm Marine Aluminum

• FMEA on saddle

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LNG STS TransferHose Support Saddle

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LNG STS TransferReducing Wye Spool Pieces

• 16 “ x 12” x 8” (2)

• Standard ANSI 150# Flanges

• BV Class Approved

• Handled by Crane Horizontally

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LNG STS Transfer Specific Controls and Safety

• Emergency Shut Down (ESD) Pneumatic ESD systems connecting

LNGC with EBRV Electric and / or Fiber Optic umbilical

available

• Additional Water Curtain System at both manifold areas Protect ships’ trunk deck / cargo tank

covers from accidental LNG release Includes ‘water bath’ on main deck

under manifold area

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LNG STS Transfer Water Curtains & Bath

• Additional water curtain rigged under each manifold

• Water bath installed on deck under manifold using dams

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LNG STS Transfer Emergency Release Couplings

Emergency Release Couplings (ERC)

KLAW quick release couplings => quick disconnect of hoses in emergency situations

Remote operation ‘Dry Break’ Extensive test in cryogenic

conditions for STS type approval Actuator reinforced for cryogenic

operations

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LNG STS Transfer‘Dry-Break’ Emergency Release Coupling

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LNG STS TransferEmergency Release Coupling

• BV Class Approved

• Function Tested w/ 1” ‘Hard’ Ice

• Liquid Nitrogen @ 10 bar

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LNG STS TransferERC Actuated

0.8 Liter Volume Between The Disks

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LNG STS TransferHose Brake System

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LNG STS TransferEquipment, Controls and Safety

• Emergency Shut Down (ESD) Pneumatic ESD systems connecting LNGC with EBRV Electric and Fiber Optic umbilical available

• Additional Water Curtain System at both manifold areas Protect ships’ trunk deck / cargo tank covers from accidental LNG

release Includes ‘water bath’ on main deck under manifold area

• Emergency Release Couplings KLAW quick release couplings offer quick disconnect of hoses in

emergency situations Remote operation ‘Dry Break’

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LNG STS TransferFender Arrangement

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LNG STS TransferApproach Maneuver

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LNG STS TransferComing Alongside

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LNG STS TRANSFERMooring Operation

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LNG STS TransferCargo Hoses Rigged

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LNG STS TransferGear Placement

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LNG STS TransferHose Connection

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LNG STS TransferLine Cooldown

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LNG STS TransferProjected Time Line

• Rigging Fenders 1 hr• Approach Maneuver 1 hr• Mooring 2 hrs• Pre-Transfer Meeting / Gauging 1 hr• Connect Hoses 2 hrs• Line Cooldown 1-½ hr• ESD / ERC Tests ½ hr• Cargo Transfer (130,000 m3 @ 5000 m3/hr) 26 hrs• Hose Drain / Purge / Disconnect 4 hrs• Unmooring / Vessel Separation 1 hr• Fender Recovery 1 hr

Total Projected Time 41 hrs

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1st Commercial STS TransferScapa Flow – 8-9 February 2007

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LNG STS TransferSite Specific Assessments

• Simulator training with Scapa Flow Pilots and EBRV senior staff at South Shields Technical College (UK)

• Ballast Water Management issues regarding environmental preservation

• Waterway management risk assesment with Orkney Harbor Authority, Scotish National Heritage and BMT-Isis

• Simulator training with Bahia Blanca Pilots and EBRV senior staff at SiPort

• Risk assessment of non-standard conditions prior to STS operation Primarily for weather considerations and forecasted conditions

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LNG STS TransferFull Rate Cargo Transfer (5,950 m3/hr)

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LNG STS TransferRoutine Inspections

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LNG STS TransferDrain & Purge Hoses

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LNG STS TransferCTMS

EXCALIBUR EXCELSIOR

Opening Volume (m3) 132,379 1,197

Volume Transferred (m3) 132,296 131,830

Closing Volume (m3) 83 133,027

BOG Consumed (m3) 215 273

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LNG STS TransferStatistics

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LNG STS Transfer