SHIVAPURI NAGARJUN NATIONAL PARK (SNNP)

Presented by: MHNRS 2015;

KUSOA

SNNP• Situated in north side of Kathmandu valley• Head office: Panimuhan , Bhudhanilkantha municipality of

Kathmandu • Total area: 159 sq. Km (since 2009)• Cover two island of forests i.e. Shivapuri and Nagarjun• Shivapuri forest: 27°45’ to 27°52’ N latitude & 85°16’ to 85°45’

E longitude • Nagarjun forest: 27°43’ to 27°46’ N latitude & 85°13’ to 85°18’

E longitude • Covers parts of Kathmandu, Nuwakot, Sindhupalchowk, and

Dhading districts of Nepal

History of SNNP

• 1976: Shivapuri Watershed Conservation Area• 1978: Shivapuri Protected Watershed Area• 1984: Shivapuri Watershed and Widlife

Reserve• 2002: Shivapuri National Park (144 sq. Km)• 2009: Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park (159

sq. Km)

Main Objective of SNNP

• to conserve ecosystem and biodiversity of mid hills

• to protect the water regime of the watershed• to enhance the livelihood of surrounding

people

Flora of SNNP• 1250 species of vascular plants• 129 species of mushrooms• Dominant vegetation : Pine, Oak, Rhododendron & Schima-Castanopsis

(Katus)• Forest types:

Lower mixed hardwood forestsChir pine (Pinus roxburghii ) forestsOak (Quercus) forestsUpper mixed hardwood forests

• Common vegetation : Schima wallichii (चि�लौनी), Castanopsis indica (कटुस), Alnus nepalensis (उति स ), Pinus roxburghii (खोटे सल्लो), Quercus semecarpifolia (खसु्र ), Rhododendron arboreum (गुराँस), Taxus wallichiana (भाम सल्ला)....

Fauna of SNNP

• 311 species of birds including 117 migratory birds• Common species of bird: White backed vulture,

Himalayan griffon, Black vulture, Bearded vulture, Dark Kite, Hen harrier, Goshawk, Sparrow hawk, Sikhra, Common buzzard, Asian black eagle, Steppe eagle, Magpies, Kalij pheasant, leafbirds, Flycatcher, Bushchat, Babblers, Cuckoos, Bulbul, Swift, Warblers.

• Endemic Spiny babbler (Turdoides nipalesis) and Pygmy Wren Babbler (Pnoepyga pusilla) found in SNNP

• 102 species of moths and butterflies

Bearded Vulture Bulbul Kalij

Himalayan Griffon Dark Kite

Pygmy Wren Babbler

Magpies

Clouded leopard

Pangolin

Assamese monkey

leopard cat

Protected mammals in SNNP

Common mammals in SNNP

Common leopard himalayan black bear bear

Goral

Himalayan thar Wild boar Barking deer

Flying squirrel Mongoose Bats

Common Reptiles in SNNPKing cobra

Green pit viper

Rat snake

Geckos Skink Lizards

Issues, problems & challenges

• Poaching• Lack of awareness in people

Issues, problems & challenges

Mostly arising problem or conflict of national parks are as follows:• Buffer zone management• No Proper guidance from government• No concern from the educated level except the environmentalists and the students• No strict plans and policies those who violate the rule of the wildlife reserve.