short course on pruning trees and shrubs in the landscape · pruning – step by step 1. assess 2....
TRANSCRIPT
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Why we prune
• Health of tree
• Maintain size and shape
• Aesthetics
• Promote flowering and fruiting
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Increase Property Values!
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Pruning – Step by Step
1. Assess
2. Remove dead, diseased and broken branches
3. Remove crossing branches
4. Remove suckers and watersprouts
5. Reduce size if needed
6. Thin as needed
7. Final shaping cuts for aesthetic purposes
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Step 1 - Assess
Blocking Views Open up to let sun in
and expose interesting branching structure
Blocking walkways
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Assess
Thin!
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Step 2 - Remove Deadwood
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Step 2 - Remove Disease
Black Knot fungus on cherry branch
Scratch test Healthy
Diseased
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Fire Blight on Apple or Pear
Resources • http://plantpath.osu.edu/ • http://ohioline.osu.edu/ • Botanical Garden • Garden Centers
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Sanitation
10% 90%
Some plant diseases can be spread with pruners
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Step 3 - Eliminate crossing branches
Rubbing wears away protective bark
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Which one goes?
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What’s the ultimate goal?
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Grafts
Step 4 – Remove
Watersprouts and Suckers
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Watersprouts on stressed cherry tree in Lakewood Park
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Step 5 – Reduction cuts
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B A
C
Reduction cuts on Buckeye at Holden Arboretum Don’t take off more than a third of the canopy in any season
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Yews – Open them up so sunlight can penetrate
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Good Shape Not as Good
Hedges
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Good shape so sunlight can hit all parts of the shrub
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Stimulating Lateral Growth by removing the central stem
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Redirecting growth
Prune back to an outwardly facing branch or bud
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Which way do we want it to grow?
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Redirecting growth based on where we make our cuts
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Types of Branching
Maples, Buckeyes, Ash, Dogwood, Catalpa Most other large trees
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Cutting branches that are opposite
Red Twig Dogwood
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Small Space
Options
Espaliered Cornelian Cherry Dogwood
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Where’s the Sun?
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Where’s the Sun?
Exposure to sunlight will affect growth
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Step 6 – Thin as needed
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Japanese Maple too flat and congested
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After a couple years of pruning
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Removing up to a third of old wood
• Lilac
• Forsythia
• Viburnum
• Rose of Sharon
• Burning Bush
• Weigela
• Mahonia
• Mock Orange
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Rejuvination Pruning
Red Twig Dogwoods, Spirea, Potentilla, smokebush and shrubby willows can be cut to the ground!
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Get them off to a good start!
arborday.org
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How long
should my tree
live?
• 4,000-year-old+ Bristlecone Pine
• But urban trees average only about 10 years because of poor conditions and abuse
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Develop strong branch angles on shade trees early
Strong Weak
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Competing Leaders
Snip them off while they are small
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Red Maple needs a cable because a weak crotch angle was allowed to develop
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Branches equally distributed around trunk
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Replacing a Broken Central Leader
Bending
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More Bending
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Even More Bending!
Peter Cook’s living artwork
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• Cut willow twigs used in a winter display
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• Willow twigs root easily
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• The new willow is then fun to bend and prune into various shapes
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Pruning Conifers
Pinch back new growth to maintain size
But difficult to reduce
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Prune for Aesthetics
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Making Pruning Cuts
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Where is the Branch
Collar?
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Where is the Branch Collar?
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Making Heavier Cuts
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Oops!
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Making Heavier Cuts
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Old cuts sealing
over
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Avoid Stub Cuts
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Avoid Stub Cuts
This part will die
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Where is the branch collar?
Avoid Stub Cuts
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Avoid Topping
Results
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Exception
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Caution!
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Finding the right tree company
• City list of Registered Tree Contractors
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Bypass Pruners
Anvil Pruners
Proper Tools
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More Tools
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Prune to encourage flowering & fruiting
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Prune to maximize fruiting
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Grapes
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When to Prune?
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Flower Bud Set
Hydrangeas
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What’s my shrub?
• Apps
• Keys
LeafSnap for IPhone Like that Garden for Android Virginia Tech Tree ID Key online
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Plants that bloom on old wood
Prior to July 1
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• Lilac pruned too late in the season
Forsythia flower buds survived the cold winter under the cover of snow
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A zone 6 plant should be able to survive cold winters down to -10 degrees
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Plants that bloom on new growth
Generally after July 1
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Summer pruning can increase chances of disease
• Oak Wilt (coat wound with latex paint to deter the beetle)
• Fire Blight on Apples, Pears and Hawthorns
• Stem Cankers on Honey Locusts
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Final Thoughts
• Plant at the right depth
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Final Thoughts
Results!
• Mulch the ground not the tree trunks
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Final Thoughts
Roots should emerge straight out from around the trunk
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• Beauty • Cleaner air,
healthier people who live longer!
• Less stormwater runoff into Lake Erie
• Shaded house saves up to 30% on summer energy costs
• Higher property values
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Lakewood Forestry Division (216) 529-6810
Onelakewood.com [email protected]
Cleveland Botanical Garden/Holden Arboretum
Promoting a greener,
healthier and more vibrant community
KEEP Lakewood BEAUTIFUL