should a football team go for it on fourth down?

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Should a football team go for it on fourth down or punt? Laura A. McLay, PhD (c) 2012 Based on Scorecasting by Tobias Moskowitz and Jon Werthem

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Page 1: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Should a football team go for it on fourth down or punt?

Laura A. McLay, PhD(c) 2012

Based on Scorecasting by Tobias Moskowitz and Jon Werthem

Page 2: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Patriots vs. ColtsbNovember 2009

• Patriots were up by 6 points  near the end of the p y pgame.

• They faced fourth and two on their own 28 yard y yline.

• They had two choices:They had two choices:– Go for it on fourth down

– Punt to the ColtsPunt to the Colts

• There was one possession left. Whoever got the ball on the next play would finish the game.ball on the next play would finish the game.

Page 3: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Patriots vs. ColtsbNovember 2009

The Patriots were heading this way

The Colts would have to move the ball ~30 yards if the Patriots turned yover the ball on downs

Page 4: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Patriot OutcomesPatriot Outcomes

• If the Patriots went for it and made itt e at ots e t o t a d ade t– They would win with virtual certainty– They had a 60% chance of making 4th and two

• If the Patriots went for it and didn’t make it– The Colts could possibly win if they went 30 yards for 

hda touchdown– They had a 40% chance of not making 4th and two

• If the Patriots punted• If the Patriots punted– The Colts could possibly win if they scored a touchdown

Page 5: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Colts outcomesColts outcomes

• If the Patriots went for it and made itIf the Patriots went for it and made it– The Colts have a 0% chance of winning

• If the Patriots went for it and didn’t make itIf the Patriots went for it and didn t make it– The Colts have a 33% chance of winning 

• If the Patriots puntedIf the Patriots punted– The Colts would get the ball back on roughly their own 30 yard liney

– The Colts could win if they went ~70 yards for a touchdown, with probability 21%

Page 6: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Solve the Patriot’s problemSolve the Patriot s problem

• We can model this as a decision tree andWe can model this as a decision tree and compute the probability that the Patriots will win by using conditional probabilitywin by using conditional probability

Page 7: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Patriots decision treePatriots decision treeYes = 1Patriots 

win given successful?

Prob = 0.60Prob = 1

Y

Yes

NSuccessful?

YesNo = 0Prob = 0

Prob = 0 67No

Yes No

Go for it?

Patriots win given 

unsuccessful?

Yes = 1

No = 0

Prob = 0.40

Prob = 0 33

Prob = 0.67

Yes

No

Yes = 1

No = 0

NoProb = 0.79

Prob = 0.33

Patriots win?

No = 0Prob = 0.21

Page 8: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

The Patriots’ best decisionThe Patriots  best decision

• If the Patriots go for it and made itg– They have a 100% chance of winning

• If the Patriots go for it and didn’t make it– They have a 67% chance of winning

• If the Patriots go for it:• If the Patriots go for it:– They have a 0.6(1.0) + 0.4(0.67) = 87% chance of winning

• If the Patriots punt:– They have a 79% chance of winning

Page 9: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

The Patriots should go for it!The Patriots should go for it!

• The best decision is for the Patriots go for it.• This is counterintuitive.

Wh t if it f th d fi th P t i t ’ 20 d• What if it was fourth and five on the Patriots’ 20 yard line?– Update the probability that they would be successful (from 

)60%)– Update the probability that the Colts would win if the Patriots do not convert (increase from 33%)

– Update the probability that the Colts would win if the Patriots punt (from 21%) due to the Colts getting better field position

Page 10: Should a football team go for it on fourth down?

Were the Patriots right?Were the Patriots right?

• They did go for and lostThey did go for and lost.

• Did they make the right choice?Hi t ill b th j d– History will be the judge.

– The math says yes.

– Punting decreased the Colts’ chance of winning but they lost the possibility of not giving the Colts the ball to begin withthe ball to begin with.