Shree Pravinbhai R. Maniar

Chairman

*

Shree Lalitbhai Mehta Managing Trustee

* Shree Chandrakantbhai Pavagadhi

Trustee

* Shree Kaushikbhai Shukla

Trustee

* Dr. Sachinbhai Parikh

Principal

July 2013

H. O. D. :

Pro. A. R. Vasant

*

Committee Member :

K. B. Vora

V i r d a

V a j a d i ,

K a l a w a d

R o a d ,

O p p .

M o t e l

T h e

V i l l a g e , R a j k o t - G u j a r a t

Vision

The Department of Information & Technology offers a unique

combination for courses that helps students to cope up with recent

advancements in IT field.

The vision of department is to promote development and research in

the field of Information Technology. The cohesive team of faculties

provides necessary guidance and encouragement to enable the

students to innovate and become good competent professionals in

the field of Information and Technology.

Mission

The mission is to impart high quality under-graduate education and

carry out leading-edge research in the discipline of Information

Technology.

We believe that there is no dearth of scope for bright and vibrant

stars in this firmament as well as in the future.

We therefore persistently strive to inculcate the requisite skills in the

building researchers, innovators and entrepreneurs making them

competent professionals, enabling them to take up any kind of

challenges in any of the industry or research organisation they serve.

Department of Information Technology

Avani Vasant

Assistant Profesor

&

H.O.D.

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

Liferay Portal is a freeware and open

source enterprise portal coded in Java. It is

primarily used to control

corporate intranet and extranet activities. Let,

we first understand what portal is?

Liferay Portal allows users to set up features

common to websites. Portal means gateway, for

a World Wide Web site that is or proposes to

be a major starting site for users when they get

connected to the Web or that users tend to visit

as an anchor site. There are general portals and

specialized portals. Some major general portals

include Yahoo, Excite,

Netscape, Lycos, CNET, Microsoft Network, and America Online's AOL.com. Several

specialized portals include Garden.com (for gardeners), Fool.com (for investors), and

SearchNetworking.com (for network administrators).

Typical services offered by portal sites include a directory of Web sites, a facility to

search for other sites, news, weather information, e-mail, stock quotes, phone and map

information, and sometimes a community forum. Excite is among the first portals to offer

users the ability to create a site that is personalized for individual interests.

Now let us understand different aspects regarding Liferay.It is fundamentally constructed

of functional units called portlets.Liferay is sometimes described as a content

management framework or a web application framework. Liferay's support for plugins

extends into multiple programming languages, including support

for PHP and Ruby portlets.

Liferay offers a sophisticated programming interface for developers but, no programming

skills are required for basic website installation and administration. Liferay Portal is Java-

based and runs on any computing platform capable of running the Java Runtime

Environment and an application server. Liferay is available bundled with a servlet

container such as Apache Tomcat. Liferay, Inc., is a professional open-source company

that provides free documentation and paid professional service to users of its software. It

mainly focused on enterprise portal technology. This company has its headquarters in Los

Angeles, California, United States and in India, Banglore has its headquarter.

Role of any computer language framework is to provide base for customized applications.

Framework provides some functionality by default. One can customize its code according

to its own requirements. Liferay comes with certain portlets preinstalled. These comprise

the core functionality of the portal system. They include:

Alerts and Announcements

Alfresco, Documentum, and other document library integration

Liferay Portal

Asset Publishing

Blogs and blog aggregation

Breadcrumbs

Calendar

Chat

Document and Image management

Document Library Manager, Recent Documents

Image Gallery

Knowledge Base

LDAP Integration

Mail

Message Boards

Nested Portlets

Page Ratings & Flags

Polls

Site Map

Site Navigation

Social Equity

Software Catalog

Tags and Categories

Themes, supporting Velocity and FreeMarker markup

User Directory

Web Content

Web Form Builder

WebDAV Integration

Website Tools

Wiki (supports Creole as well as MediaWiki syntax)

Above mentioned portlets can be modified in look and behavior according to

user requirements.

So, go and get Liferay installed and generate interesting portal applications…

References:

http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/portal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liferay

Darshana H. Patel

Assistant Professor

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

Abstract of Green Computing

Green computing, green IT or ICT Sustainability, refers to environmentally

sustainable computing or IT. In the article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and

Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as "the study and

practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers,

and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and

networking and communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal

or no impact on the environment."The goals of green computing are similar to green

chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency

during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of

defunct products and factory waste. Research continues into key areas such as

making the use of computers as energy-efficient as possible, and designing

algorithms and systems for efficiency-related computer technologies.

Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related

resources. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central

processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource

consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste). One of the earliest

initiatives toward green computing in the United States was the voluntary labeling

program known as Energy Star. It was conceived by the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) in 1992 to promote energy efficiency in hardware of all kinds. The

Energy Star label became a common sight, especially in notebook computers and

displays. Similar programs have been adopted in Europe and Asia.

Green Computing

/

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What is a thin client?

A thin client (sometimes also called a lean or slim client) is a computer or a

computer program which depends heavily on some other computer (its server)

to fulfill its traditional computational roles. This stands in contrast to the

traditional fat client, a computer designed to take on these roles by itself. The

exact roles assumed by the server may vary, from providing data persistence

(for example, for diskless nodes) to actual information processing on the client's

behalf.

Thin clients occur as components of a broader computer infrastructure, where many clients share their computations with the same server. As such, thin client infrastructures can be viewed as the amortization of some computing service across several user-interfaces. This is desirable in contexts where individual fat clients have much more functionality or power than the infrastructure either requires or uses. This can be contrasted, for example, with grid computing. Thin-client computing is also a way of easily maintaining computational services at a reduced total cost of ownership. The most common type of modern thin client is a low-end computer terminal which concentrates solely on providing a graphical user interface to the end-user. The remaining functionality, in particular the operating system, is provided by the server.

Thin clients have their roots in multi-user systems, traditionally mainframes

accessed by some sort of terminal computer. As computer graphics matured,

these terminals transitioned from providing a command-line interface to a full

graphical user interface, as is common on modern thin clients. The prototypical

multiuser environment along these lines, UNIX, began to support fully

graphical X terminals, i.e., devices running X server software, from about 1984.

X terminals remained relatively popular even after the arrival of other thin

clients in the mid-late 1990s. Modern UNIX derivatives like BSD and

GNU/Linux continue the tradition of the multi-user, remote display/input

session. Typically, X server software is not made available on thin clients;

although no technical reason for this exclusion would prevent it.

Windows NT became capable of multi-user operations primarily through the

efforts of Citrix Systems, which repackaged NT 3.5.1 as the multi-user

operating system Win Frame in 1995. Microsoft licensed this technology back

from Citrix and implemented it into Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition,

under a project codenamed "Hydra". Windows NT then became the basis of

Windows 2000 and Windows XP. As of 2011 Microsoft Windows systems

support graphical terminals via the Remote Desktop Services component.

The term thin client was coined in 1993 by Tim Negris, VP of Server Marketing

at Oracle Corp., while working with company founder Larry Ellison on the

launch of Oracle 7. At the time, Oracle wished to differentiate their server-

oriented software from Microsoft's desktop-oriented products. Ellison

subsequently popularized Negris's buzzword with frequent use in his speeches

and interviews about Oracle products. Size comparison - traditional Desktop PC

vs. Clientron U700

Client Simplicity:

Since the clients are made from low-cost hardware with few moving parts, they

can operate in more hostile environments than conventional computers.

However, they inevitably need a network connection to their server, which must

be isolated from such hostile environments. Since thin clients are cheap, they

offer a low risk of theft in general, and are easy to replace if stolen or broken.

Since they do not have any complicated boot images, the problem of boot

image control is centralized to the server.

On the other hand, to achieve this simplicity, thin clients sometimes lag behind

thick clients (PC Desktops) in terms of extensibility. For example, if a local

software utility or set of device drivers are needed in order to support a locally

attached peripheral device (e.g. printer, scanner, biometric security device), the

thin client operating system may lack the resources needed to fully integrate the

needed dependencies. Modern thin clients attempt to address this limitation via

port mapping or USB redirection software. However, these methods cannot

address all use case scenarios for the vast number of peripheral types being put

to use today.

Thin Clients has many advantages, so different people define thin clients in

different way basing one of its advantage. Below are the few common

definitions & sentences people often use to define thin client. Simply, Thin

Client is nothing but a computer, but with very less configuration

(specifications /capacity / power), still users can able to run all the latest

Operating Systems and Applications (software), with the help of SERVER

Computer which is connected to it through LAN Means, In Thin Clients you

need not to install any OS or Applications, you have to install Only in SERVER

where all thin clients are connected to it, all the OS and Applications will run

on server and results are displayed in Thin Clients (user computers) Several

users can run the same program simultaneously, but the program only needs to

References:

1) Aducent Inc

2)http://satheeshgnair.blogspot.com/2009/06/selected-case-studies-oncyber-

crime.html

be loaded once with a central server. In Traditional PC, We have to Install OSand

Applications Locally and use its Local Resources (CPU, Ram, HDD) for its Processing

and Storing, where as in Thin Client you need not install any OS or Applications in Thin

Client, but you can access OS and Applications from SERVER.

$

$

Hitul D. Marwania

Assistant Professor

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

Different-shaped beams could be used to increase fiber-optic capacity, thereby

easing online congestion

By Maggie McKee and Nature magazine

Twisty beams of light could boost the traffic-carrying capacity of the Internet,

effectively adding new levels to the information superhighway, suggests

research published today in Science.

Internet traffic is growing exponentially and researchers have sought ways to

squeeze ever more information into the fiber-optic cables that carry it. One

successful method used over the last 20 years essentially added more traffic

lanes, using different colors, or wavelengths, for different signals. But to

compensate for the added lanes, each one had to be made narrower. So, just as

in a real highway, the spacing could get only so tight before the streams of data

began to jumble together.

“Corkscrew” Light Could Turbocharge the Internet

$

In the last few years, different groups of researchers have tried to encode

information in the shape of light beams to ease congestion, using a property of

light called orbital angular momentum. Currently, a straight beam of light is

used to transmit Internet signals, but certain used to transmit Internet signals,

but certain filters can twist it so that it corkscrews around with varying degrees

of curliness as it travels.

Previous experiments using this effect have found that differently shaped light

beams tend to jumble together after less than a meter.

Now, a team of researchers from Boston University in Massachusetts and the

University of Southern California in Los Angeles has found a way to keep the

different light beam shapes separated for a record 1.1 kilometers.

The researchers designed and built a 1.1-kilometer-long glass cable, the cross

section of which had a varying index of refraction — a measure that describes

how fast light can travel in a particular medium. They then sent both twisty and

straight beams of light down the cable.

The team found that the light output matched the input — light beams of each

shape were not getting muddled together. The varying index of refraction

apparently affected each light shape uniquely, so that different shapes moved at

different speeds down the cable. "That meant that I could keep them separated,"

says Siddharth Ramachandran, an electrical engineer and leader of the Boston

University team.

$

Improving infrastructure

The work published today used clockwise and anticlockwise versions of twisted

light with a specific curliness, but Ramachandran says that the team has since

done other research that suggests that about ten different beam shapes can be

used to convey information.

That is exciting because each shape could potentially act as an entirely new

level of traffic on the information superhighway. On each level, streams of data

could be further divided into narrow lanes of color, maximizing flow. "We

showed a new degree of freedom in which we could transmit information," says

Ramachandran.

Translating the work from the lab to the real world will take time, however, in

part because current Internet cables carry only straight beams of light. A more

immediate goal, says Ramachandran, might be to install cables that are capable

of carrying twisty light on the short distances between servers on giant 'server

farms', used by large Web companies such as Facebook.

$

Darshan P. Upadhyay

Assistant Professor

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a colloquial expression used to describe a variety of

different computing concepts that involve a large number of computers that are

connected through a real-time communication network (typically the

Internet).[1]

Cloud computing is a jargon term without a commonly accepted

non-ambiguous scientific or technical definition. In science, cloud computing is

a synonym for distributed computing over a network and means the ability to

run a program on many connected computers at the same time. The popularity

of the term can be attributed to its use in marketing to sell hosted services in the

sense of application service provisioning that run client server software on a

remote location.

Advantages of Cloud computing

Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and

economies of scale similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network.

At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged

infrastructure and shared services.

The cloud also focuses on maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources.

Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiple users but as well as

dynamically re-allocated as per demand. This can work for allocating resources

to users in different time zones. For example, a cloud computer facility which

serves European users during European business hours with a specific

application (e.g. email) while the same resources are getting reallocated and

$

serve North American users during North America's business hours with

another application (e.g. web server). This approach should maximize the use of

computing powers thus reducing environmental damage as well, since less

power, air conditioning, rackspace, and so on, is required for the same

functions.

The term moving cloud also refers to an organization moving away from a

traditional capex model (buy the dedicated hardware and depreciate it over a

period of time) to the opex model (use a shared cloud infrastructure and pay as

you use it)

Proponents claim that cloud computing allows companies to avoid upfront

infrastructure costs, and focus on projects that differentiate their businesses

instead of infrastructure. Proponents also claim that cloud computing allows

enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved

manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust

resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand.

Hosted Services

In marketing, cloud computing is mostly used to sell hosted services in the

sense of Application Service Provisioning that run client server software on a

remote location. Such services are given popular acronyms like 'SaaS'

(Software as a Service), 'PaaS' (Platform as a Service). End users access cloud-

based applications through a web browser or a light-weight desktop or mobile

app while the business software and user's data are stored on servers at a remote

location.

$

Similar systems and concepts

Cloud Computing is the result of evolution and adoption of existing

technologies and paradigms. The goal of cloud computing is to allow users to

take benefit from all of these technologies, without the need for deep knowledge

about or expertise with each one of them. The cloud aims to cut costs, and help

the users focus on their core business instead of being impeded by IT obstacles.

The main enabling technology for cloud computing is virtualization.

Virtualization abstracts the physical infrastructure, which is the most rigid

component, and makes it available as a soft component that is easy to use and

manage. By doing so, virtualization provides the agility required to speed up IT

operations, and reduces cost by increasing infrastructure utilization. On the

other hand, autonomic computing automates the process through which the user

can provision resources on-demand. By minimizing user involvement,

automation speeds up the process and reduces the possibility of human errors.

$

Chintan B. Sidpara

Assistant Professor

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

Famous Speech by Swami Vivekananda in

Chicago

11th September, 1893

"Sisters and Brothers of America. It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise

in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us. I thank

you in name of the most ancient order of monks in the world; I thank you in the

name of the mother of religions; and I thank you in the name of millions and

millions of Hindu people of all classes and sects.

"My thanks also to some of the speakers on this platform who, referring to the

delegates from the Orient, have told you that these men from far-off nations

may well claim the honor of bearing to different lands the idea of toleration.

"I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance

and universal acceptance. We believe not only in universal toleration but we

accept all religions as true. I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered

the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations of the earth. I am

proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the

Israelites who came to Southern India and took refuge with us in very year in

which their holy temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny. I am proud

to belong to the religion which has sheltered and is still fostering the remnant of

the grand Zoroastrian nation.

"I will quote to you brethren a few lines from a hymn which I remember to have

repeated from my earliest childhood, which is every day repeated by millions of

human beings: 'As the different streams having their sources in different places

all mingle their water in the sea, so, O Lord, the different paths which men take

through different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight,

all lead to Thee.'

$

"The present convention, which is one of the most august assemblies ever held,

is in itself a vindication, a declaration to the world of the wonderful doctrine

preached in the Gita: 'Whosoever comes to me, though whatsoever form, I

reach him; all men are struggling through paths which in the end lead to me.'

"Sectarianism, bigotry, and it's horrible descendant, fanaticism, have long

possessed this beautiful Earth. They have filled the earth with violence,

drenched it often and often with human blood, destroyed civilization, and sent

whole nations to despair. Had it not been for these horrible demons, human

society would be far more advanced than it is now.

"But their time is come; and I fervently hope that the bell that tolled this

morning in honor of this convention may be the death-knell of all fanaticism, of

all persecutions with the sword or with the pen, and of all uncharitable feelings

between persons wending their way to the same goal."

- Swami Vivekananda

$

Darshan P. Upadhyay

Assistant Professor

IT Department

Kunal U. Khimani

Adhoc Assistant

Professor

IT Department

V.V.P. Engineering

College, Rajkot

11 Laws of Life

1. Love Is The Law Of Life: All love is expansion, all selfishness is

contraction. Love is therefore the only law of life. He who loves lives, he who

is selfish is dying. Therefore, love for love's sake, because it is law of life, just

as you breathe to live.

2. It's Your Outlook That Matters: It is our own mental attitude, which

makes the world what it is for us. Our thoughts make things beautiful, our

thoughts make things ugly. The whole world is in our own minds. Learn to see

things in the proper light.

3. Life is Beautiful: First, believe in this world - that there is meaning behind

everything. Everything in the world is good, is holy and beautiful. If you see

something evil, think that you do not understand it in the right light. Throw the

burden on yourselves!

4. It's The Way You Feel: Feel like Christ and you will be a Christ; feel like

Buddha and you will be a Buddha. It is feeling that is the life, the strength, the

vitality, without which no amount of intellectual activity can reach God.

5. Set Yourself Free: The moment I have realised God sitting in the temple of

every human body, the moment I stand in reverence before every human being

and see God in him - that moment I am free from bondage, everything that

binds vanishes, and I am free.

6. Don't Play The Blame Game: Condemn none: if you can stretch out a

helping hand, do so. If you cannot, fold your hands, bless your brothers, and let

them go their own way.

7. Help Others: If money helps a man to do good to others, it is of some value;

but if not, it is simply a mass of evil, and the sooner it is got rid of, the better.

$

8. Uphold Your Ideals: Our duty is to encourage every one in his struggle to

live up to his own highest idea, and strive at the same time to make the ideal as

near as possible to the Truth.

9. Listen To Your Soul: You have to grow from the inside out. None can teach

you, none can make you spiritual. There is no other teacher but your own soul.

10. Be Yourself: The greatest religion is to be true to your own nature. Have

faith in yourselves!

11. Nothing Is Impossible: Never think there is anything impossible for the

soul. It is the greatest heresy to think so. If there is sin, this is the only sin - to

say that you are weak, or others are weak.

A mother's love needs to be given unconditionally to

establish trust and a firm foundation of emotional

intimacy in a child's life.

Mother a word which means a universe in one's life, an emotion that

have no boundary and a feel that could never change and a part which

no one wish to loose in their life.“Maa” the first word spoken by us

when we take birth not even before opening our eyes.

“Khuli jab aankh meri pehle tuje dekha,

Ungli pakad ke chalna sikha,

Sikhi tujhse duniya daari,

MAA TU HAI JAG SE PYAARI..!!!”

Dipal J. Doshi

Student

7th

Semester

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

म ाँ

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Mother love shapes cultures and individuals .While most mothers know that their

love and emotional availability are vital to their children's well-being, many of us

do not understand the profound and long-lasting impact we have in developing our

young children's brains, teaching them first lessons of love, shaping their

consciences … At a time when society urges women to seek their worth and

personal fulfillment in things that take them away from their families and intimate

bonds, Hunter invites women to come home — to their children, their best selves,

their HEARTS.

You and I need to be willing to look inside our own experiences to identify any

places we may still be affected by our relationship with our own mother. We can

begin that journey by simply being willing to search our heart and better understand

ourselves. Professional counseling may also be a valuable part of that process.

Laura Ingalls Wilder said, "What is there in the attitude of your children toward

yourself that you wish were different? Search your own heart and learn if your ways

toward your own mother could be improved." This is important whether your

mother is still living or not.

You and I are deeply affected by our relationship with our mother and one of

the most powerful gifts we can give to our children is our own emotional

health. We cannot underestimate the value of home and the power of mother love.

“ Sambhal jao Waqt ab bhi hai,

Rab se bhi upar MAA apni hai,

Rakh lo dil mein fir tum dekho,

Khushiyan saare jag ki tumhari hi hai..!! ”

$

There are times when only a mother's love can understand our tears, Can soothe

our disappointments and calm our fears. There are times when only a mother's

love can share the joy we feel when something we have dreamed about quite

suddenly is real. There are times when only a mother's faith can help on life's

way And inspire in us the confidence we need from day to day. For a mother's

heart and a mother's faith and a mother's steadfast love were fashioned by the

angels and sent from God above.

M is for the Many things she gave me,

O means only that she's growing Old.

T is for the Tears she shed to save me,

H is for her Heart of purest gold.

E is for her Eyes with love light shining,

R means Right and Right she'll always be.

Put them all together, they spell MOTHER.

A word that means the world to me.

“To our mothers, we say we love you and God

bless you.”

$

Harsh Raval

Student

6th

Semester

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

NATURE is the greatest teacher of the world!

“Everyone's Life is a journey and sometimes the roads that we travel are

more mysterious and magical than we ever imagined...”

Nature exist just as it is, intimidated by no one. In the world of nature,

what is known as spirit is that which is. Creatures do not alter their existence to

be other than they are; their spirits remain true.

In nature, the passage of time, like the change of seasons, is endless and

forever. Time in not measured; it just exists. As people, we try to measure

everything; we want to calculate or evaluate time, and most definitely, we want

to control it.

We could learn many things from nature. One very important truth would be

simply to be yourself. For that is your true spirit. Another valuable lesson is to

live for today, to be a part of the changes and processes of now, for it is in

experiencing this moment that you will be ready to experience the next. If you

live your life touching the present, you will always be living your life

completely.

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We fool ourselves sometimes into thinking that life is more complicated

or confusing or mysterious than it really is. Life is a personal journey to which

each of us must draw our own conclusions and discover our own realities. It is a

rather elementary adventure, but we must all see the world for ourselves and

accept life for what it is, for only then can we understand its secrets. Life really

is not as complicated or confusing as everyone makes it out to be...

“The mystery is really no mystery, other than people making it so.”

$

Shripal Gandhi

Student

7th

Semester

I.T. Department

V.V.P. Engg. College,

Rajkot

Special Purpose Editions of Windows OS

The main editions of any Windows OS can take the form of one of the

following special editions:

1) VL Builds

VL builds work with VLKs (Volume License Keys). Volume license

keys are used to activate multiple installations of the software without any

mechanism (such as a product activation mechanism) checking the total

number of installations. The software license restricts use of the key.

Typically, the license limits the key to a fixed number of installations which

must only be within the licensee's organization and also place the licensee

under an obligation to keep a record of the number of installations, keep the

key confidential and possibly even require that the licensee organization

makes itself available for a software licensing audit to verify that its use of

the key is within the terms of the license.

2) N and KN Editions

It all started in 2004, the European Commission fined Microsoft a

record €497m under an anti-trust ruling. The Commission concluded that

with a near-monopoly in the operating system market, Microsoft's bundling

of Windows Media Player within Windows was anti-competitive. Microsoft

was forced to unbundle the software and offer European consumers and

manufacturers a version of Windows without it.

Microsoft was allowed to keep selling Windows with a media

player, under the condition that it at least offer a version without. This took

place in the latter part of Windows XP's life and prompted the release of

Windows XP N -- a version identical to Windows XP, but without Windows

Media Player.

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Continuing the European Commission's 2004 decision, Windows 7

N and Windows 8 N Editions were released.

However, there is no difference in price between the N editions of

any Windows OS and its other editions as the Media Feature Pack for

Windows N or Windows KN Editions can be downloaded without charge

from Microsoft.

The N and KN editions of any Windows OS have been designed to

give most of the features of Windows 7—with various choices. It has

features that normally come with each individual Windows OS edition,

except for Windows Media Player and media-related technologies, such as

Windows Media Center or Windows DVD Maker.

So, the user needs to install a media player or other software, from

Microsoft or a third party software, to play or create audio CDs, digital

media files, and video DVDs; organize content in a media library; create

playlists; convert audio CDs to digital media files; view artist and title

information of digital media files; view album art of music files; transfer

music to personal music players; record and play back TV broadcasts; or

take and store pictures, and use a webcam. Hence, these editions of

Windows allow users to choose their own media player and software

required to manage and play CDs, DVDs, and other digital media files.