Shri Gordhanbhai Patel Shri Ramkrishna Seva Mandal (Founder Trustee)

Self Defence Training Programme (Karate Classes)

Cover Page designed by CHINHAV PATEL

Orientation Programme (2014-2015)

Ramzat Alumni Reunion (2014)

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INDEX

TOPICS PAGE NO.

Executive Committee 03 From the Editors Desk 04 From the Principal’s Desk 05 Vision & Mission 06 Programme Education Objectives (PEO) 07 Programme Outcomes (POs) 08

LITERATURE SECTION Thoughts 9

Nature 9

Aura of an Ordinary Girl 10

O Jaanewale Ho Sake To Online Aana 11

How a Leader Should Be? 11

A Few Scriptures on Mother Nature 12

Chehra 14

EDUCATIONAL SECTIONLiposome 15

Soil 16

A Brief History of Pain Relief 20

RECREATIONAL SECTIONMahendra Singh Dhoni 23

The Village That Fell Asleep 25

AWAKE The rays are here… Thirty First Edition 2015-16

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Quotes of teacher 26

Some Random Facts 27

A Letter 28

Door to Hell 30

World Is What You See……….. 31

A Few Open Secrets of RAW 32

Petra 36

Israel 38

Samrat Ashoka 41

Franklin D. Roosevelt 43

NEWS SECTION Campus News 46

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Executive Committee: CHIEF EDITOR: Ms. Hiteksha Panchal

(Asst. Professor)

TREASURER: Mr. Mihir Parikh

(Asst. Professor)

STUDENT EDITOR:

Mr. Ashley Joel Thomas

(Final Year)

CREATIVE HEAD:

Ms. Shruti Bhatt (Final Year)

Mr. Milap Purohit (Third Year)

PUBLISHING & PRINTING:

Ms. Trupal Patel (Second Year)

Ms. Falak Vyas

(Second Year)

EXECUTIVE MEMBERS:

Mr. Prem Karia

(Third Year)

Mr. Chinmay Patel (Final Year)

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From the Editors Desk

Welcome to the summer issue of Awake. This issue is packed with success stories. Our students often overcome the odds to get a college education. It’s going to be an exciting year for APCIANS, and you’ll get a look at the new rosters for boys and girls. The current year will full of various activities by the students and faculty in academic, cocurricular, extra-curricular as well as research & developments.

With a sense of pride and satisfaction I would like to say that with the active support of the management, faculty and students, Awake has come alive. With all the efforts and contributions put in by the students, I truly hope that the pages that follow will make some interesting reading.

I congratulate the editorial team for making Awake innovative and inspiring.

As always, there’s something for nearly every interest Enjoy.

Best Regards, Ms. HITEKSHA PANCHAL

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From the Principal’s Desk:

Welcome to the summer issue of Awake. This issue is packed with success stories. Our students often overcome the odds to get a college education. It’s going to be an exciting year for APCIANS, and you’ll get a look at the new rosters for boys and girls. The current year will full of various activities by the students and faculty in academic, co-curricular, extra-curricular as well as research & developments.

With a sense of pride and satisfaction I would like to say that with the active support of the management, faculty and students, Awake has come alive .With all the efforts and contributions put in by the students, I truly hope that the pages that follow will make some interesting reading.

I congratulate the editorial team for making Awake innovative and inspiring.

As always, there’s something for nearly every interest Enjoy.

Your Principal,

Dr. Tejal R. Gandhi

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VISION: To become the foremost pharmacy college in India, through superior delivery of pharmacy education and to foster pharmaceutical research programmes through creation of a scientific research community pursuing advanced research and utilizing leading edge technologies, for the greater benefit of mankind.

MISSION:

To facilitate educational advancement for its students through imbibing a combinations of advanced teaching methods and evolving industry and health care partnership programmes. To focus on multi-pronged development of students, and to prepare them for becoming future leaders in the global community. To promote and aid to pharmaceutical research programmes through use of state of the art scientific and computing equipments and research facilities. To encourage development and interaction of multidisciplinary research activities, through creation of interdisciplinary partnership and encouraging intensive interaction between research and industry.

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Programme Education Objectives (PEO) PEO1 To produce quality pharmacist with highest professional and ethical

standards, communication skills, team work in their profession and adapt to current

trends by engaging in lifelong learning

PEO2 To offer personalized teaching and counselling to students and facilitate

multi-faceted development of the students.

PEO3 To promote innovative educational endeavours

PEO4 To update knowledge through organizing and attending various seminars,

workshops, training and conferences.

PEO5 To encourage industry academic interaction.

PEO6 To provide state of art services and consultancy to pharmaceutical industry,

community and student researchers outside the Institute.

PEO7 To adopt pharmaceutical research in the best benefit of mankind.

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Programme Outcomes (POs)

POs describe what students are expected to know or be able to do on completion of graduation programme. The POs of B.Pharm programme are: 1. Acquire ability to apply knowledge of the core Pharmacy subjects like Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy along with computing abilities.

2. Acquire ability to analyze a problem, identify, think and bring solution to that problem, which is accomplished through performing subject related practical

3. Shall be able to plan the tasks and be able to finish them on deadlines along with skilful management of time, optimum utilization of resources available and proper execution and delegation of work.

4. Shall be able to lead the team and work harmoniously at professional and personal fronts and shall be able to perform all the responsibilities of a good citizen in the interests of the health of human being.

5. Shall prove his identity as a respectable professional whether he works for health care centre or drug dealer or educationist or manager etc. taking into consideration historical, financial, social and political issues.

6. Shall practice the pharmacy by utilizing the knowledge gained taking into consideration the social, health, safety, legal and cultural needs.

7. Shall use the pharmacy knowledge in sustaining and conserving the environment and the society

8. Shall work ethically and shall take decisions responsibly.

9. Shall serve the community and the society through effective two-way communication and shall involve in counselling whenever needed.

10. Shall be able to use modern computing and other relevant tools, methods, procedures and resources at appropriate places.

11. Shall always keep abreast of latest and recent trends pertinent to pharmacy knowledge and its current needs through obtaining feedbacks from concerned people and self-assessment and shall strive hard to attain them on continuing basis.

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LITERATURE SECTION:

Thoughts

“Always forgive your enemies – nothing annoys them so much”

“A man's errors are his portals of discovery”

“The difference between school and life? In school, you're taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you're given a test that teaches you a lesson.”

“Education is not received. It is achieved.”

“The great aim of education is not knowledge, but action.”

“Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught.”

“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.”

“Learning is not child's play, we cannot learn without pain.”

“You learn something every day if you pay attention.”

“What we are is God's gift to us. What we become is our gift to God.”

“Every evening l turn my worries over to God. He's going to be up all night anyway.”

“God makes three requests of his children, Do the best you can, where you are, with what you have, now”

“Prayer is when you talk to God, mediation is when you listen to God.”

-Bhoomi patel 7th Sem B.Pharm

Nature Nature nature nature, Nature is god, Nature is everything, Nature is green, Nature is always with hope, Nature is moody, Nature is strong, Nature is beauty, Nature is always right,

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Nature is the life.... Who is in east,west,north,south, Nature is reflecting, Nature is smart, Nature is dreaming, Nature is forever free....for everyone

-Nautami. A. Patel. 1st sem B. Pharm

Aura of Ordinary Girl Staring at those long-winged birds

Outside the window, As the dawn breaks

And a hope of light is seen

Flying away with their wings, Makes me think about the life I have

Being a girl is never an easy asset,

You're sometimes overprotected by family, Those restrictions and love seems like

You'll never fly away living those dreams.

Hundreds of good things she does, Is replaced by one unknowingly mistake she makes

Just because "SHE IS A GIRL" Just like the birds I demand an INDEPENDENT LIFE,

Make some money & take my own decisions, Living the way you want like a free bird,

Caring about nothing, not afraid of this cruel world

Just living everyday with a broad smile, Cause it's one life you've got,

And happiness is created not expected, Which you will cherish everyday,

Or regret for the chances u didn't take.

-Khushbu Patel 1st sem B. Pharm

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O Jaanewale Ho Sake to Online Aana O jaane wale, ho sake to online aana,

Ye inbox tu ye group chat bhul na jaana,

O jaane wale ho sake to online aana.

Time pass ke tere meet, tere pic ke fuhaare, Dhundhenge tujhe har group me ye bore ke maare, Puchhegi kal har ungali tera thikaana,

O jaane wale ho sake to online aana.

Hai offline tera kaun, hai real me sab paraaye, Padhne ki gardish me kahi tu bhi kho na jaaye, Kaanto bhari raah hai, tu data pack lagaana,

O jaane wale ho sake to online aana.

De de ke ye mention koi har ghadi bulaaye, Fir jaaye jo offline kabhi online na aaye, Hai pack ye kaisa kuch to bataana,

O jaane wale ho sake to laut ke aana.

Ye inbox tu ye group chat bhul na jaana, O jaane wale ho sake to online aana.

(Compiled from the original song, O Jaanewale ho Sake To Laut Ke Aana, by Sahir Ludhianvi)

-Milap Purohit 5th Sem B. Pharm

How A Leader Should Be? Wharton: Could you give an example, from your own experience, of how leaders should manage failure?

Kalam: Let me tell you about my experience. In 1973 I became the project director of India's satellite launch vehicle program, commonly called the SLV-3. Our goal was to put India's "Rohini" satellite into orbit by 1980. I was given funds and human resources -- but was told clearly that by 1980 we had to launch the satellite into space. Thousands of people worked together in scientific and technical teams towards that goal. By 1979 -- I think the month was

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August --we thought we were ready. As the project director, I went to the control center for the launch. At four minutes before the satellite launch, the computer began to go through the checklist of items that needed to be checked. One minute later, the computer program put the launch on hold; the display showed that some control components were not in order. My experts -- I had four or five of them with me -- told me not to worry; they had done their calculations and there was enough reserve fuel. So I bypassed the computer, switched to manual mode, and launched the rocket. In the first stage, everything worked fine. In the second stage, a problem developed. Instead of the satellite going into orbit, the whole rocket system plunged into the Bay of Bengal. It was a big failure. That day, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, Prof. Satish Dhawan, had called a press conference. The launch was at 7:00 am, and the press conference -- where journalists from around the world were present -- was at 7:45 am at ISRO's satellite launch range in Sriharikota [in Andhra Pradesh in southern India]. Prof. Dhawan, the leader of the organization, conducted the press conference himself. He took responsibility for the failure -- he said that the team had worked very hard, but that it needed more technological support. He assured the media that in another year, the team would definitely succeed. Now, I was the project director, and it was my failure, but instead, he took responsibility for the failure as chairman of the organization. The next year, in July 1980, we tried again to launch the satellite -- and this time we succeeded. The whole nation was jubilant. Again, there was a press conference. Prof. Dhawan called me aside and told me, "You conduct the press conference today." I learned a very important lesson that day. When failure occurred, the leader of the organization owned that failure. When success came, he gave it to his team. The best management lesson I have learned did not come to me from reading a book; it came from that experience.

What a wonderful leader!

-Milap Purohit 5th Sem B. Pharm

A Few Scriptures on Mother Nature The Atharva-Veda has the magnificent Hymn to the Earth (Bhumi-Sukta) which is redolent with ecological and environmental values.

“Earth, in which lie the sea, the river and other waters, in which food and cornfields have come to be, in which lives all that breathes and that moves, may she confer on us the finest of her yield.

Earth, in which the waters, common to all, moving on all sides, flow unfailingly, day and night, may she pour on us milk in many streams,

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and endow us with luster, May those born of thee, O Earth, be of our welfare, free from sickness and waste, wakeful through a long life, we shall become bearers of tribute to thee.

Earth, my mother, set me securely with bliss in full accord with heaven, O wise one, uphold me in grace and splendor.”

Not only in the Vedas, but in later scriptures, such as the Upanishads, the Puranas and subsequent texts, the Hindu viewpoint on nature has been clearly enunciated. It is permeated by a reverence for all life, and an awareness that the great forces of nature – the earth, the sky, the air, the water and fire – as well as various orders of life including plants, trees, forests and animals, are all bound to each other within the great rhythms of nature. The divine is not exterior to creation, but expresses itself through natural phenomena. Thus, in the Mudaka Upanishad the divine is described as follows:

“Fire is head, his eyes are the moon and the sun; The regions of space are his ears, his voice the revealed Veda, The wind is his breadth, his heart is the entire universe, The earth is his footstool, Truly he is the inner soul of all.”

A quote from Vishnu Purana states:

"As the wide-spreading nargodha (Sanskrit for banyan) tree is compressed in a small seed, So at the time of dissolution, the whole universe is comprehended in Thee as its germ; as the nargodha germinates from the seed, and becomes just a shoot and then rises into loftiness, so the created world proceeds from Thee and expands into magnitude."

In the Charak Sanhita, destruction of forests is taken as destruction of the state, and reforestation an act of rebuilding the state and advancing its welfare. Protection of animals is considered a sacred duty.

Whatever I dig up of you, O earth, May you of that have quick replenishment! O purifying one, May my thrust never reach unto your vital points, your heart. May your dwellings, O earth, free from sickness and wasting, flourish for us! Through a long life watchful, May we always offer to you our tribute. - Atharva Veda

-Milap Purohit 5th Sem B. Pharm

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Chehra Un moti moti ankhiyo me meri tasveer dekha karta tha,

Ki jinhe mai kabhi apni amaanat samjha karta tha, Kho gayi hai unki roshani in andhero me, ae duniya walo,

Jin andhero me unse mai kabhi dekha karta tha...

Un ghan ghor zulfon ki chaaon me kabhi leta karta tha, Ki unki chhaon me dil ki gehraaiyo ko bhi sukoon milta tha,

Unke jaane se mera unpe adhikaar na raha, Ki jinhe mai jannat se badhkar hardum samjha karta tha...

Un surkh-garm saanso ki mehak bhi mai liya karta tha, Ki jinme mai apna naam bhi mehsoos kiya karta tha,

Mitt gaya hai mera naam unpar se, kisi ki meherbaani se, Ki jin saanso ke liye mai apni saanse liya karta tha...

Un madhosh mohak muskaan ko kabhi apni hasi maana karta tha, Ki jin hotho par ye aati thi, unse mai bohat mohobbat kiya karta tha,

Mohobbat aaj bhi badhti hai unki mukurahat se, afsos unhe pata nahi, Koi unki har hasi ki keemat me koi apni jaan diya karta tha...

Moksh

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EDUCATIONAL SECTION:

Liposome A liposome is an artificially-prepared vesicle composed of a lipid bilayer. The liposome can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs. Liposomes can be prepared by disrupting biological membranes (such as by sonication).

Liposomes are often composed of phosphatidylcholine-enriched phospholipids and may also contain mixed lipid chains with surfactant properties such as egg phosphatidylethanolamine. A liposome design may employ surface ligands for attaching to unhealthy tissue.

The major types of liposomes are the multilamellar vesicle (MLV), the small unilamellar vesicle (SUV), the large unilamellar vesicle (LUV), and the cochleate vesicle.

MECHANISM

A liposome encapsulates a region of aqueous solution inside a hydrophobic membrane; dissolved hydrophilic solutes cannot readily pass through the lipids. Hydrophobic chemicals can be dissolved into the membrane, and in this way liposome can carry both hydrophobic molecules and hydrophilic molecules. To deliver the molecules to sites of action, the lipid bilayer can fuse with other bilayers such as the cell membrane, thus delivering the liposome contents. By making liposomes in a solution of DNA or drugs (which would normally be unable to diffuse through the membrane) they can be (indiscriminately) delivered past the lipid bilayer.

Liposomes are used as models for artificial cells. Liposomes can also be designed to deliver drugs in other ways. Liposomes that contain low (or high) pH can be constructed such that dissolved aqueous drugs will be charged in solution (i.e., the pH is outside the drug's pie range). As the pH naturally neutralizes within the liposome (protons can pass through some membranes), the drug will also be neutralized, allowing it to freely pass through a membrane. These liposomes work to deliver drug by diffusion rather than by direct cell fusion.

A similar approach can be exploited in the biodetoxification of drugs by injecting empty liposomes with a transmembrane pH gradient. In this case the vesicles act as sinks to scavenge the drug in the blood circulation and prevent its toxic effect. Another strategy for liposome drug delivery is to target endocytosis events. Liposomes can also be decorated with opsonins and ligands to activate endocytosis in other cell types.

The use of liposomes for transformation or transfection of DNA into a host cell is known as lipofection.

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In addition to gene and drug delivery applications, liposomes can be used as carriers for the delivery of dyes to textiles, pesticides to plants, enzymes and nutritional supplements to foods, and cosmetics to the skin.

Liposomes are also used as outer shells of some microbubble contrast agents used in contrast enhanced ultrasound.

Ravi Patel 7th Sem. B. Pharm

Soil Soil-it is a natural historian body of the Earth’s crust which is founded from mother’s rock (virgin rock)’ climatic geographic conditions, activity of microorganisms and people. Modern soil is a result of 3 billion years of life. Soil – it is some body’s death. If we were method of extraction microorganism out of soil it would be extracted 40 ton germs on the area 100 m2

Soil’s indices characterizing

The basic hygienic parameters of soil:

-Mechanical characteristics:

Diameter of particles

>3 mm – stone’s fraction;

1-3 mm – large sand ;

0,25-1 mm – middle sand

0,05-0,25-mm small sand

0,005-0,01mm- midl dust

0,001-0,005 small dust

Porosity – it is quantity of pores in soils mass. The more pores the more air and less water filtration‘s capacity.

Air permeability is connected to porosity of soil. The more-air permeability is the oxygen more and the better biochemical processes of auto purification are.

Water penetrability =filtration capacity – it is a water’s filtration rate. Soil for establishment’s location should have high water penetrability.

Capillarity– it is a capacity of soil for lifting atmospheric water. It is measuring as a distance from soil’s surface to water ground level. It should be at least 1,5 m. Under 1,5 is called low water ground level. Above 1,5 m is called high water ground level. When hospitals are placed on soil of low water ground level it leads to dampness in premises as well as to mosquito’s reproduction in quantity

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-Soil’s air

carbon dioxide percent 5-15%

oxygen percent

Methane (‘mi:thein) percent

Radon (‘reidon ) gas content.

Soil’s moisture (moistche)-влага

-Water may to be:

Chemical fixed water;

In steam condition

Soil’s Self purification - it is most important function of soil. Mineralization of organic substances in soil may take place in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Processes of the rotting and fermentation are accompanied by the gases discharge which has slovenly smell and contamination of atmospheric air. That is why when dirtiness is disinfected it is necessary to set up the condition with aerobic processes of mineralization prevalence which provided by sufficient amount of oxygen is admitted to polluted soil. In conditions of oxygen presence aerobic microbes degrade carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water.

In anaerobic conditions the methane and other gases are formed having slovenly smell. Cellulose of plants which comes to soil is undergone to methane fermentation with gases and water origin. From cellulose of plants humus compounds are made. After fats splitting to glycerine and fatty acids and they are split to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic condition and their splitting are accompanied by volatile fatty acids origin with slovenly smell.

Proteins splitting take place in two stages. During the first one (ammonium formation) they are split to amine acids which in term split to ammonia and it’s saline. Besides of ammonia acids fatty and aromatic acids are formed. In anaerobic conditions products of intermediate split are formed (indole, violate fatty acids, hydrogen sulphides, mercaptans) which have sharp slovenly smell. In aerobic condition ammonia oxidize to nitrous acid and the last to nitric acid during second stage (nitrification). Aerobic microbes oxidize also other products of protein splitting and nitrates, sulphates, phosphates, carbonates are formed in soil which used by plants as nutrients. . In soil’s auto purification result organic substances are turned into that forms of inorganic substances which become nutrients for plants and come to biological cycle. Optimal conditions for nitrification by temperature are +25…+37 and humidity no less than 25-30%? They are full stopped by temperature lower then +3 and higher +56. In soil’s auto purification result become total pathogenic microbes death non spore forms previously. .

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After all transformation humus origin which contains cellulose, fats, organic acids, mineral substances and protein complexes formed due to microbe synthesis. Humus contains also saprophyte microbes. Humus is fertilizer full of value; it’s degraded slowly and gives to plant necessary nutrients gradually. According to the sanitary point of view it is very important that humus does not decay , badly smell gases discharge, flies attract, pathogenic microbes contain, spore formed except. Promoting to microbes factors death are also bacteriophages, antibiotics, solar radiation, drying of soil, digging etc.

Bacteriological and helminthological indices are direct indications of soil’s faecal pollution. It is character for the fresh soil pollution increasing general number of microbes and non spore microbes’ prevalence. Prevalence of Cl. Perfringens is the attribute of old pollution. Indicator of the fresh pollution is also large number of helminthes ova.

It is become more frequently pollution of soil by industrial waste, motor car exhaustions, pesticides etc.

Chemical contamination of soil is hazard for human health because migrate by biological chins (per water, plants, animals) to human organism as such as break natural mechanisms of soil’s self cleaning. For negative affects prevention due to chemical substances on population and environment the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) are set. MPC it is the level of soil pollution in case humans contact with it directly or immediately throw ecosystems does not lead to health disorders, sanitary conditions of his life deterioration and breaks of soil’s auto purification processes, For the determine of MPC level of a chemical substance in experiment firstly it’s necessary to toxicity level detect by different channels intake in organism. Determine also changes of foods value of plants which grown on the soil containing investigated substance, fix smell changes in atmospheric air, water taste, chromaticity and smell as well as organoleptic quality of foods related with bringing in soil this substance, influence on self cleaning processes and soil’s biological activity, ability of chemical substance to migrate from soil to plants and accumulates there. Determine also maximal amount of substance in soil which in case hit in atmospheric air and water will not exceed MPC number of this substance for air and water correspondently. As the limited number selected one as lower sub threshold and threshold number which takes place as MPC number.

Chemical composition:

Chemical soil’s composition is a very irregular in a short distance even. Soil originates develops and changes its chemical composition constantly. All chemical substances would to be contained in soil. It is interesting to notice when unknown dead body is founded and determining it’s placing origin to investigate it’s chemical structure and then is determined locality by one, because people body’s chemical structure close correlates to soil’s chemical structure. Never the less soil has determinate chemical composition frequently of large

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squares in present time. Deficiency, lack or surplus of chemical substances in soil can lead to diseases which are called as a biogeochemical ‘provinces. For example:

Fluorosis –deficiency of ‘fluorine ( i:n ) in soil and water;

Endemic goiter (‘goite) –deficiency of iodine ( di:n )

Strontium (strontiem) rachitic (kai)-surplus of strontium in soil. -

Soil consists from mineral, organic, mineral-organic complexes, soil solutions, air and soil micro flora. It is the important parametres for hygienic assessment of ground – their changes can testify to pollution of ground. In ground constantly go 2 processes:

A) Desintegration organic substances up to inorganic – nitrification.

B)Synthesis new organic substances – gums – gumification.

Sharp infringements of ratio of these processes points to pollution.

Sanitary number (Hlebnicov ’s number) –it is a total quantity of nitrogen (nai) to a nitrogen’s quantity of the humus in soil ratio (‘reishie). Humus it is a converting nitrogen resulting in nitrification process in being chemical connections with mucopolisaharids, fat and vitamins (e). Humus it is a best nutrition for plants and vegetables. The more sanitary number that cleaner soil.

Soil’s microbic composition

Soil is not good medium for microbic leaving , because they are exposed by ohygen, ultra-violet, cool or high temperature, acidity (esideti), alkalinity (lkelainiti), activity of helpful (e ) germs. Never the less nutrition presence and resistance to environment favour of some pathogenic microbs to be survived . This circumstance aloud to determine soil as a transmission factor of infection diseases and helminthic invasions ((\inveigns).

Coli titr – it is minimal soil’s measuring in gram contains one coli bacillus. The less this index the more dirty soil.

Hygienic importance of soil:

1. Place were people are located and located in, including placing factories, plants, establishments, buildings etc

2. The source of nutrition which intake by vegetables, fruit, animals.

3. The place where waste are located on.

4. The communications are laid in it.

5. The place where people’s and animals dead bodies are buried.

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6. It is a climatic formation factor

7. The place where people and industrial waste are converted to safe components. It is called biodegradation process.

8. It is a nontoxic dust’s source

9. It is a part of biosphere from where contamination intake to human organism.

10. It is a transmission factor of infection diseases.

Most important soil’s contamination sources:

1. Practical and every day peoples activity .

2. Means of transport

3. Enterprises which produce and store toxic waste on soil (1nuclear waste including) .

4. Energetic stations.

5. Organic manure, fertilizers and pesticides.

6. Nuclear weapon tests (France and China).

-Milap Purohit

5th Sem. B. Pharm.

A Brief History of Pain Relief Analgesic:

also known as "painkillers," an analgesic is any drug used to reduce pain.

There are three main types of analgesics.

Salicylates derived from Willow Tree Bark Anilines derived from Coal Tar Opioids derived from Opium Poppies 5000 BC

The clay tablets of the Sumerians contain the earliest written reference to the cultivation of opium. The Sumerian ideograph for poppies translates to ”joy plant.”

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1500 BC

The Ebers Papyrus, an Egyptian medical text, contains references to willow’s pain and fever-reducing qualities. 800 BC

The ancient greeks employed opium for both medicinal and recreational purposes. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Telemachus takes it to momentarily forget his worries. 400 BC

Hippocrates, considered the father of modern medicine, used a powder made from the bark and leaves of willow trees to provide relief from various pains including headaches. 80 ADE

The Greek physician Dioscorides compiled a five-volume collection of cures that included willow bark. The pharmacopeia circulated widely in Latin, Greek and Arabic. 1527

After a period of disuse, opium was reintroduced to European medicine by Paraclesus, who returned from Arabia with laudanum, a mixture of opium and alcohol, in the pommel of his sword. 1660s

Thomas Sydenham sometimes called the “English Hippocrates,” popularized laudanum as an effective pain relief treatment. 1763

The English chaplain Edward Stone recommended willow bark powder as an inexpensive alternative to Peruvian bark (quinine) in treating malaria. 1804

Friedrich Serturner isolated the active ingredient in opium and named it morphium. The successful isolation marked the beginning of the pharmaceutical industry. 1838

The Italian scientist Raffaele Piria, building on the work of many other scientists, developed a method of extracting a potent acid form of the active ingredients of willow bark.

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1886

A dispensing error in an attempt to treat intestinal worms led to the discovery that coal tar derived acetanilide was an effective fever reducer. It was successfully marketed as Antifebrin. From Dye Waste to Medicine

The success of Antifebrin prompted companies in the lucrative dye manufacturing business to undertake research on the possible medicinal uses of the coal tar waste left over from dye production. 1887

Researchers at the dye-company Friedrech Bayer & Co. developed phenacetin, an effective fever reducer with fewer side effects than Antifebrin. Phenacetin became a widely used headache cure. 1893

Germany’s top physiologist, Joseph von Mering, tested the new drug paracetamol (acetaminophen) and found it inferior to phenacetin. Acetaminophen is what we now know as Tylenol. 1897

Researchers at Bayer synthesized a form of salicylic acid out of coal tar waste. This purer form had fewer side effects than the willow bark extract and was successfully marketed as Aspirin. 1897

The same researchers who developed Aspirin synthesize Heroin. Heroin was marketed as a non-addictive morphine substitute until 1910 when it was found to actually be more potent.

1948

The acetaminophen side effects von Mering reported were challenged by American researchers and acetaminophen was “rediscovered.”

1961

McNeil Laboraties began marketing Tylenol tablets. As concerns about the effect of Aspirin on the stomach grew, Tylenol was seen as a safer alternative.

-Milap Purohit 5th Sem. B. Pharm

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RECREATIONAL SECTION:

Mahendra Singh Dhoni India is the only country where so many religions are being followed, one such religion is CRICKET. And one such follower is current limited overs Indian Skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni, an attacking right handed middle order batsman and wicket-keeper, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest finishers in limited overs cricket. EARLY LIFE AND BACKGROUND:-

MS Dhoni was born on 7July 1981 in Ranchi, India and he identifies as being Rajput. Dhoni is a fan of Adam Gilchrist; and his childhood idols were cricket teammate Sachin Tendulkar, Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan and Singer Lata Mangeshkar.

Dhoni Studied at DAV Jawahar Vidya Mandir, Shyamali, Ranchi where he initially excelled in badminton and football and was selected at district and club level in these sports. Dhoni was a goal keeper for his football team and was sent to play cricket for a local cricket club by his football coach.

Though he had not played cricket, Dhoni impressed with his wicket-keeping skills and became the regular wicket keeper for the same. Dhoni focused on Cricket after 10th Standard. He was Train ticket examiner (TTE) at Kharagpur railway station from 2001 to 2003. His colleagues remember him as a very honest, straight forward employpee of Indian Railways.

PERSONAL LIFE:-

Dhoni married Sakshi Singh Rawat, his schoolmate on 4 July 2010. It has been said that they are sweetest couple of Indian Cricket team. Dhoni became father on 6February 2015 to a baby girl named Ziva.

EARLY CAREER:-

Dhoni made his cricketing debut in a cricket team of Bihar in Jharkhand during the 1998-1999 cricket seasons as an eighteen year old. Subsequently, he was chosen to represent India-A for a cricket tour to Kenya in 2004.

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In limited Overs,

Dhoni holds numerous captaincy records such as most wins by an Indian captain in Tests and ODIs, and most back-to-back wins by an Indian captain in ODIs. He took over the ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first-ever bilateral ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. Under his captaincy, India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the CB Series of 2007–08, the 2010 Asia Cup, the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions trophy. In the final of the 2011 World Cup, Dhoni scored 91 not out off 79 balls to take India to victory for which he was awarded the Man of the Match. In June 2013, when India defeated England in the final of the Champions Trophy in England, Dhoni became the first captain to win all three ICC limited-overs trophies (World Cup, Champions Trophy and the World Twenty20).

In Tests,

After taking up the Test captaincy in 2008, he led the team to series wins in New Zealand and West Indies, and the Border-Gavaskar Trophy in 2008, 2010 and 2013. In 2009, Dhoni also led the Indian team to number one position for the first time in the ICC Test rankings. In 2013, under his captaincy, India became the first team in more than 40 years to whitewash Australia in a Test series. He played his last series in the 2014–15 season in India's tour of Australia, captaining India in the

second and third tests; losing the second and drawing the third, trailing the series 2–0 before the Sydney Test. Following the third Test in Melbourne, Dhoni announced his retirement from the format. In his last Test, he effected 9 dismissals (8 catches and 1 stumping), and in the process, went past Kumar Sangakkara in the record for stumpings with 134 (in all three formats combined) and also broke the record for effecting the most dismissals in a match by an Indian wicketkeeper.He finished his last innings unbeaten making 24 runs.

In Domestic t20’s,

In the Indian Premier League, he captained the Chennai Super Kings to victory at the 2010 and 2011seasons, along with wins in the 2010 and 2014 editions of Champions League Twenty20.

Achievements:-

• ICC ODI Player of the Year : 2008, 2009 • ICC World ODI XI: 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 • ICC World Test XI: 2009, 2010, 2013

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• LG People’s Choice Award : 2013 • Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest honour given for achievement in sports,

2007–08. • Honorary doctorate degree by De Montfort University in August 2011

Writer’s View:-

It is difficult to describe someone like MS Dhoni in words, as he believes in doing, rather than showing off. Maybe that makes him tough on field and helps to remain cool as ice under intense pressure. Whatever it is, the bottom line is he has achieved greater heights. However, MS Dhoni is more than just a cricketer, he is not only the person who led India to glory in World cups, but he is also someone who is an inspiration to millions. Couple of days back he was announced as Ninth Most marketable Person in the world, alone Indian in the list. Currently(August 2015), he is undergoing para training in Agra, proving the metal that he is just more than a cricketer. This Para training seems to be the part of his initiation to become regular in Indian army, as he talked about it on a multiple occasions. It is very difficult to get into his mind but some of his quotes inspires the Worldwide public.

“No matter how much money you earn in your life, but the feeling of representing your country can not be compared with it.”- MS DHONI

-Priyank Shah 1st Sem B. Pharm

The Village That Fell Asleep For the last 2 years residents of Kalachi have been falling into unexplained bouts of

sleep sometimes for week at a time. Which no cause yet identified, Joanna Lillis meet the victims resisting relocation by the authorities.

One day last summer, victor Kazachenko set off across the steppe from his village in northern Kazakhastan. He was driving to the nearest town on some errands, but he never arrived.

“My brain switched off,” he says. “That’s it. I don’t remember.” Kazachenko had been hit by the so called “sleeping sickness” that is plaguing Kalachi, a remote village about 300 miles west of the country’s capital Astana. The mysterious illness has sent residents into comas, sometimes lasting days on end. “I was going to town on 28 August and I come round on 2 September. I understood in the hospital that I had fallen asleep”

Kazachenko blanked out while driving his motorcycle, while his wife riding with him. “It’s good it wasn’t that foreign vehicle,” He jocks, gesturing at his car standing beside

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his neat white cottage. “that’s fast- a motorcar isn’t so fast!”. He didn’t complain any of injury as a result of his sudden sleep.

The sleeping sickness is baffling doctors and scientist alike who have tested increased level of radiation, carbon monoxide, radon and build up of heavy metal salts which can be toxic.

In January sergey Lukashenko the director of the national nuclear center’s institute for radiation security, acknowledge that some of houses of the affected resident had carbon monoxide level that were 10 times higher than recommended. This he said, could have caused similar symptoms to the “sleeping sickness”.

Kazakhstan’s government has said the village is on the “personal radar” of president Nursultan Nazarbayev, and prime minister Karim Masimov has set up a commission to coordinate the research: by the end of the last year over 20000 laboratory and clinical test had been conducted on the air, soil, water, food, animal, building material and on the residents themselves. The testes are ongoing.

-Saloni 1st Sem B. Pharm

Quotes of Teacher

“Teacher can open all door of our life but it’s our responsibility to walk at the true path”

T: Terrific

E: Enthusiastic

A: Able

C: Caring/cheerful

H: Hard working

E: Entertaining

R: Remarkable

-Nautami. A. Patel. 1st sem B.Pharm

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Some Random Facts

• Since this dish was the 65th item in a menu of a mess visited by North Indian military

men, this dish was named “CHICKEN 65”. Its Vegan variant is called the Paneer 65.

• G-Mail was originally a free email service for Garfield fans. That’s what the G in G-mail

stands for!!!!

• In deciding on a name, Moore and Noyce quickly rejected "Moore Noyce"

homophone for "more noise" – an ill-suited name for an electronics company, since noise

in electronics is usually very undesirable and typically associated with bad interference.

Instead they used the name NM Electronics before renaming their

company Integrated Electronics or "Intel" for short. Since "Intel" was already

trademarked by the hotel chain Intelco, they had to buy the rights for the name.

• TIL Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company would be called

Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. Packard won the toss and put Hewlett’s name

first (hp).

• PENGUINITIS: A bizarre condition in where once nibbled on by a penguin, they

develop a "love" towards them, and can't stop thinking about them, this mythical disease

is believed to made Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, pick a penguin as a mascot for

his newly made operating system.

• KESHAVA, BRAHMA, VISHNU and MAHESHA are the names of the servers of the

website of IRCTC.

• King David, King Charles, Julius Ceaser and Alexander the Great all can be found

together in the deck of playing cards.

• QWERTY Tummy is a term denoted for the unusual phenomenon of an upset stomach

that comes from the use of filthy keyboards and in more recent times, from the use of

mobile phones' keypads.

• The Dvorak layout was designed to replace the QWERTY keyboard layout.

• The Gangnam style video COMPELLED the YouTube to change from 32-bit integer to

higher version due to its popularity. Gangnam is a place in South Korea.

• Albert Einstein is portrayed on the note of Israel as they wanted him to be their

president during the 50’s or 60’s.

• The only country to set the ATM language in LATIN is the Vatican City.

• The birthday of Major Dhyanchand is celebrated as Indian “Sports Day”.

• The birthday of Dr. C. V. Raman is celebrated as Indian “Science Day”.

• The only Indian who claims to visit the Twitter Headquarters is Ms. Mallika Sherawat.

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• Rio de Janero is literally translated as the January River as it wgas discovered in January.

• If you’re participating in Eddie Hyde Open, you would be participating in the oldest of

the “Quiz Competition” in India.

Malav Maniar

5th Sem B. Pharm

A Letter In the run up to the meeting of justice to Yakub Memon, there were a lot of forward thinking & liberal minded "Intellectuals", our air-conditioned humanitarian Nationalists who raised a biiig hue and cry and signed mercy petitions. They should read this response by the Canadian Govt to their own armchair philanthropists on their concerns regarding standards of treatment of captured Terrorists.

Adopt a Terrorist..!!

The Canadians know how to handle complaints.

Here is an example.

A Canadian female liberal wrote a lot of letters to the Canadian Government, complaining about the treatment of captive insurgents (terrorists) being held in Afghanistan National Correctional System facilities.

She demanded a response to her letter

She received the following reply:

From:

National Defence Headquarters.

Pearkes Bldg., 15 NT, 101 Drive, Ottawa , ON K1A 0K2

Canada.

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Dear Concerned Citizen,

Thank you for your recent letter expressing your profound concern of treatment of the Taliban and Al Qaeda terrorists captured by Canadian Forces, who were subsequently transferred to the Afghanistan Government and are currently being held by Afghan officials in Afghanistan National Correctional System facilities.

Our Administration takes these matters seriously and your opinions were heard loud and clear here in Ottawa. You will be pleased to learn, thanks to the concerns of citizens like yourself… we are creating a new department here at the Department of National Defence, to be called 'Liberals Accept Responsibility for Killers' program, or “L.A.R.K.” for short.

In accordance with the guidelines of this new program, we have decided, on a trial basis, to divert several terrorists and place them in homes of concerned and responsible citizens such as yourself… around the country, under those citizens personal care. Your personal detainee has been selected and is scheduled for transportation under heavily armed guard to your residence in Toronto next Monday.

Ali Mohammed Ahmed bin Mahmud is your detainee, and is to be cared for pursuant to the standards you personally demanded in your letter of complaint. You will be pleased to know that we will conduct weekly inspections to ensure that your standards of care for Ahmed are commensurate with your recommendations.

Although Ahmed is a sociopath and extremely violent, we hope that your sensitivity to what you described as his 'attitudinal problem' will help him overcome those character flaws. Perhaps you are correct in describing these problems as mere ‘cultural differences’. We understand that you plan to offer ‘counselling and home schooling’, however, we strongly recommend that you hire some assistant caretakers.

Please advise any Jewish friends, neighbours or relatives about your house guest, as he might get agitated or even violent, but we are sure you can ‘reason’ with him. He is also expert at making a wide variety of explosive devices from common household products, so you may wish to keep those items locked up, unless in your opinion, this might ‘offend him and his sensibilities’. Your adopted terrorist is extremely proficient in hand-to-hand combat and can extinguish human life with such simple items as a pencil or nail clippers. We advise

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that you do not ask him to demonstrate these skills either in your home or wherever you choose to take him while ‘helping him adjust to life in our country’.

Ahmed will not wish to interact with you or your daughters except sexually… since he views females as a form of property, thereby having no rights, including refusal of his sexual demands. This is a particularly sensitive subject for him.

You also should know that he has shown violent tendencies around women who fail to comply with the dress code that he will recommend as more appropriate attire. I'm sure you will come to enjoy the anonymity offered by the burka over time. Just remember that it is all part of 'respecting his culture and religious beliefs' as described in your letter.

You take good care of Ahmed and remember that we will try to have a counsellor available to help you over any difficulties you encounter while Ahmed is adjusting to Canadian culture.

Thanks again for your concern. We truly appreciate it when folks like you keep us informed of the “PROPER WAY TO DO OUR JOB AND CARE FOR OUR FELLOW MAN”.

Good luck and God bless you and your daughters

-Mihir Parikh Associate Professor

Door to Hell Sometimes, despite our best efforts scientific pursuits don’t always go according

to plan. And sometimes a pit to hell may open up right beneath your feet.

Take Turkmenistan’s aptly named “DOOR TO HELL”, a 230-foot-wide crater in the middle of the desert near the village of “Deweze”. About 260 Kilometers north of Ashgabat. The gas reserve found here is one of the largest in the world. The name “DOOR TO HELL” was given to the field by the locals, referring to the fire boiling mud in the large center which has a diameter of 70 meters. Orange flames dance out of cracks in it’s floor and around the side and burning blast of air emanating from the pit shifts whith the wind. The extreme heat and the roar of the flames have a mesmerizing effect.

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In 1971, a team of soviet scientists set up a drilling platform looking for natural gas reserves. The ring collapsed and fearing the spread of poisonous methane gas, the researchers set the crater on fire hoping it would burn out in a few hour.

The countries president ordered it to be filled in 2010. Turkmenistan ‘s natural gas reserve rank fifth in the world but a lack of international pipeline has hampered development offers. Turkmenistan plans to increase it’s production of natural gas, intending to increase it’s exports of gas to India, Pakistan, China, Russia, Western Europe. For it’s present level to 70 million cubic meter in the next 20 years.

Still one of the world’s most isolated countries almost a quarter century after the fall of the soviet union, Turkmenistan welcomes just 12000 to 15000 tourist from around 50 countries each year. Tourism officials say the “DOOR TO HELL”, also called the derwaza crater after a nearby village, could be developed into a key draw for adventure tourists.

“The burning crater…….is attracting more and more interest every year, specially among foreign tourists”, an official on Turkmenistan’s state committee on tourism said.

“It take your breath away”. Said Gozel Yazkulieve, a 34 year old visitor from the Turkmenistan capital Ashgabat. “You immediately thing of your sins and feel like praying”. Few foreigners have seen the crater in the heart of the Karakum, one of the world’s largest desert, although Turkmen authorities are hoping to change that as they seek ways to bolster tiny visitor numbers to the former soviet republic.

-Saloni 1st Sem B. Pharm

World Is What You See……….. Today was the absolute worst day ever

And don’t try to convince me that There’s something good in every day Because ,when you take a closer look

This world is a pretty evil place. Even if

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Some goodness does shine through once in a while Satisfaction and happiness don’t last.

And it’s not true that It’s all in mind and heart

Because True happiness can be obtained

Only if one’s surroundings are good It’s not true that good exists I’m sure you can agree that

The reality Creates

My attitude It’s all beyond my control

And you’ll never in a million years hear me say that Today was a good day

Now read from bottom to top. -Jayvantika Raulji

3rd sem , B.pharm.

A Few Open Secrets of RAW

It is a testimony to the secrecy maintained by RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) that there is so less concrete information available on the web about its operations. Sadly, this often portrays a sorry picture of RAW in the public domain.

10. Amalgamation of Sikkim

Bordered by Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and West Bengal in the Eastern Himalayas, Sikkim was ruled right from Indian Independence by a Maharaja. The Indian Government had recognized the title of Chogyal (Dharma Raja) for the Maharaja of Sikkim. In 1972, RAW was authorized by Indira Gandhi to install a pro- Indian democratic government there. In less than three years, Sikkim became the 22nd State of the Indian Union, on April 26, 1975.

9. Operation Smiling Buddha

Operation Smiling Buddha was the name given to India’s nuclear Programme. The task to keep it under tight wraps for security was given to RAW. This was the first time that RAW was involved in a project inside India. On 18 May 1974, India detonated a 15-kiloton plutonium device at Pokhran and became a member of the nuclear club. All international intelligence agencies remained in dark about Indian nuclear weapons programs until then.

8. Special Operations

After successfully, separating Bangladesh from Pakistan, RAW tried to destabilize Pakistan and separate Baluchistan from it. In the mid 1980’s, RAW set up two covert groups,

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Counterintelligence Team-X (CIT-X) and Counterintelligence Team-J (CIT-J), the first directed at Pakistan and the second at Khalistani groups(funded by ISI to separate Punjab from India). Rabinder Singh, the RAW double agent who defected to the United States in 2004, helped run CIT-J in its early years. Both these covert groups used the services of cross-border traffickers to ferry weapons and funds across the border, much as their ISI counterparts were doing. According to former RAW official and noted security analyst B. Raman, the Indian counter-campaign yielded results. “The role of our cover action capability in putting an end to the ISI’s interference in Punjab”, he wrote in 2002, “by making such interference prohibitively costly is little known and understood.” These covert operations were discontinued during the tenure of IK Gujral and were never restarted. B Raman the former RAW cabinet secretary, such covert operations were successful in keeping a check on ISI and were “responsible for ending the Khalistani insurgency.” He also notes that a lack of such covert capabilities, since they were closed down in 1997, has left the country even more vulnerable than before and says that developing covert capabilities is the need of the hour.

7. Snatch operations with IB

In late 2009, investigative journal, The Week ran a cover story on one of India’s major clandestine operations that the R&AW ran with Intelligence Bureau to nab terrorists infiltrating India via Nepal and other neighbouring countries. In order to bypass the lengthy extradition process, RAW conducts snatch operations to nab suspects from various foreign countries. The suspect is brought to India, interrogated and is usually produced before a court. With emergence of Nepal as a terror transit point, RAW and the IB (Intelligence Bureau) started closely monitoring the movement of suspected terrorists in Nepal. According to The Week in last decade there has been close to 400 successful snatch operations conducted by RAW and/or IB in Nepal, Bangladesh and other countries. Some famous snatch netted Bhupinder Singh Bhuda of the Khalistan Commando Force, Lashkar militant Tariq Mehmood, Sheikh Abdul Khwaja, one of the handlers of the 26/11 attacks, etc. Most of the suspects are kept at Tihar Jail.

6. Intelligence on 2008 Mumbai Attacks

About two to six months before 26/11 Mumbai attacks, R&AW had intercepted several telephone calls through SIGINT, which pointed at impending attacks on Mumbai Hotels by Pakistan based terrorists, however there was a coordination failure and no follow up action was taken. Few hours before the attacks, R&AW technician monitoring satellite transmissions picked up conversations between attackers and handlers, as the attackers were sailing toward Mumbai. The technician flagged the conversations as being suspicious and passed them on to his superiors. RAW believed that they were worrying and immediately alerted the office of the National Security Advisor. However the intelligence was ignored. Later, just after the terrorists had attacked Mumbai, RAW technicians started monitoring the six phones used by the terrorists and recorded conversations between the terrorists and their handlers. On January 15, 2010, in a successful snatch operation, RAW agents nabbed Sheikh Abdul Khwaja, one of the handlers of the 26/11 attacks, chief of HuJI

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India operations and a most wanted terror suspect in India, from Colombo, Sri Lanka and brought them over to Hyderabad, India for formal arrest.

5. Operation Leech

Surrounded by Arakans and dense forest, Myanmar because of its Military Dictatorship had always been a worrisome point for Indian intelligence. As the major player in the area, India has sought to promote democracy and install friendly governments in the region. To these ends, RAW cultivated Burmese rebel groups and pro-democracy coalitions, especially the Kachin Independence Army (KIA). India allowed the KIA to carry a limited trade in jade (ornamental stone) and precious stones using Indian Territory and even supplied them with weapons. It is further alleged that KIA chief Maran Brang Seng met the R&AW chief in Delhi twice. However, when the KIA became the main source of training and weapons for all northeastern Indian rebel groups, RAW initiated an operation, code named Operation Leech, to assassinate the leaders of RAW trained Burmese rebels to set an example to other groups. Six top rebel leaders, including military wing chief of National Unity Party of Arakans (NUPA), Khaing Raza, were shot dead and 34 Arakanese guerrillas were arrested and charged with gunrunning.

4. Operation Chanakya

Operation Chanakya was the RAW operation in the Kashmir to infiltrate various ISI-backed Kashmiri separatist groups and restore peace in the Kashmir valley. R&AW operatives infiltrated the area, collected military intelligence, and provided evidence about ISI’s involvement in training and funding Kashmiri separatist groups. RAW was successful not only in unearthing the links between the ISI and the separatist groups, but also in infiltrating and neutralizing the militancy in the Kashmir valley. RAW is also credited for creating a split in the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen. Operation Chanakya also marked the creation of pro-Indian groups in Kashmir like the Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen, Muslim Mujahideen, etc. These counter-insurgencies consist of ex-militants and relatives of those slain in the conflict. Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen leader Kokka Parrey was himself assassinated by separatists.

3. Sri Lanka

RAW started training, LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) to keep a check on Sri Lanka, which had helped Pakistan in the Indo-Pak War by allowing Pakistani ships to refuel at Sri Lankan ports. However, the LTTE created a lot of problems and complications and the then Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi was forced to send the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in 1987 to restore normalcy in the region. The disastrous mission of the IPKF was blamed by many on the lack of coordination between the IPKF and RAW. Its most disastrous manifestation was the Helicopter assault on LTTE HQ in the Jaffna University campus in the opening stages of Operation Pawan. The site was chosen without any prior

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consultation with the RAW. The dropping paratroopers became easy targets for the LTTE. A number of soldiers were killed. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi is also blamed as fallout of the failed RAW operation in Sri Lanka.

2. Creation of Bangladesh and Aftermath

In the early 1970s, the army of Pakistan prosecuted a bloody military crackdown in response to the Bangladeshi independence movement. Nearly 10 million refugees fled to India. The R&AW’s Bangladeshi independence movement began in early 1970 by sowing discord among the disgruntled population of Bangladesh (then called East Pakistan), suffering repression by the Pakistani political establishment. This led to the creation of the Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army of Bengali resistance movement). RAW was responsible for supplying information and heavy ammunition to this organization that led to Bangladesh War, its independence and later self-governance within months. Even USA hasn’t been successful at achieving this in Afghanistan and Iraq. However, within months of independence of Bangladesh, Mujibur Rahman (First President) was assassinated at his residence. R&AW operatives claim that they had advance information about Mujib-ur-Rahman’s assassination, but he tragically ignored R&AW’s inputs. He was killed along with 40 members of his family. R&AW thus failed to prevent the assassination, which led to the loss of a charismatic leader who had a soft corner for India after all they had done for his country’s independence. However, R&AW has successfully thwarted plans of assassinating Sheikh Hasina Wazed, daughter of Mujibur Rahman, by Islamist extremists and the ISI.

1. Operation Kahuta

Operation Kahuta is regarded by many as one of the most daring operation ever conducted by RAW. The only reason it failed was due to a grave blunder by an Indian Prime Minister. Kahuta is the site of the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL), Pakistan’s main nuclear weapons laboratory as well as an emerging center for long-range missile development. The primary Pakistani fissile-material production facility is located at Kahuta, employing gas centrifuge enrichment technology to produce Highly Enriched Uranium (necessary for nuclear weapons). RAW first confirmed Pakistan’s nuclear programs by analyzing the hair samples of scientists snatched from the floor of barber shops near KRL; which showed that Pakistan had developed the ability to enrich uranium to weapons-grade quality. R&AW agents knew of Kahuta Research Laboratories from at least early 1978, when the then Indian Prime Minister, Morarji Desai stopped RAWs operations on Pakistan’s covert nuclear weapons program (because it was started by Indira Gandhi). In an indiscreet moment in a telephone conversation one day, Morarji Desai informed the then Pakistan President, Zia-ul-Haq, that India was aware of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program. According to later reports, acting on this “tip-off”, Pakistani Intelligence eliminated RAW’s agents on Kahuta, leaving India in the dark about Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program from then on.

Other than these 10, there have been Reports in Pakistani Media of RAW’s involvement in freedom struggle of Balochistan .India has denied it and no one knows the truth . Its true

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that ISI is certainly afraid of RAW and reporters of Pakistani media shows the chill that RAW sends them.

Jai Hind !

-Milap Purohit 5th Sem B. Pharm

Petra

Petra a historical and archaeological city in the southern Jordanian governorate of Ma'an that is famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the colour of the stone out of which it is carved.

Established possibly as early as 312 BC as the capital city of the Nabataeans. It is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction. It lies on the slope of Jebel al-Madhbah (identified by some as the biblical Mount Hor) in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Araba), the large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

The site remained unknown to the Western world until 1812, when it was introduced by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. It was described as "a rose-red city half as old as time" in a Newdigate Prize-winning poem by John William Burgon. UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage". Petra was named amongst the new 7 Wonders of the World in 2007 and was also chosen by the Smithsonian Magazine as one of the "28 Places to See Before You Die".

Some of the earliest recorded farmers settled in Beidha, a pre-pottery settlement just north of Petra, by 7000 BC. Petra is listed in Egyptian campaign accounts and the Amarna letters as Pel, Sela or Seir. Though the city was founded relatively late, a sanctuary has existed there since very ancient times. Stations 19 through 26 of the stations list of Exodus are places associated with Petra. This part of the country was biblicallyassigned to the Horites, the predecessors of the Edomites. The habits of the original natives may have influenced the Nabataean custom of burying the dead and offering worship in half-excavated caves. Although Petra is usually identified with Sela, which means a rock, the Biblical references refer to it as "the cleft in the rock", referring to its entrance. In the parallel passage, however, Sela is understood to mean simply "the rock" (2 Chronicles xxv. 12, see LXX).

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Roman rule

In 106 AD, when Cornelius Palma was governor of Syria, the part of Arabia under the rule of Petra was absorbed into the Roman Empire as part of Arabia Petraea and became its capital. The native dynasty came to an end but the city continued to flourish under Roman rule. It was around this time that the Petra Roman Road was built. A century later, in the time of Alexander Severus, when the city was at the height of its splendor, the issue of coinage comes to an end. There is no more building of sumptuous tombs, owing apparently to some sudden catastrophe, such as an invasion by the neo-Persian power under the Sassanid Empire. Meanwhile, as Palmyra (fl. 130–270) grew in importance and attracted the Arabian trade away from Petra, the latter declined. It appears, however, to have lingered on as a religious centre. Another Roman road was constructed at the site. Epiphanius of Salamis (c.315–403) writes that in his time a feast was held there on December 25 in honor of the virgin Khaabou (Chaabou) and her offspring Dushara (Haer.51).

Byzantine era – decline

Petra declined rapidly under Roman rule, in large part from the revision of sea-based trade routes. In 363 an earthquake destroyed many buildings, and crippled the vital water management system. The last inhabitants abandoned the city (further weakened by another major earthquake in 551) when the Arabs conquered the region in 663. The old city of Petra was the capital of the Byzantine province Palaestina III, many churches were excavated in and around Petra from the Byzantine era, in one of them more than 150 papyrus were discovered which contain mainly contracts. The ruins of Petra were an object of curiosity in the Middle Ages and were visited by Sultan Baibars of Egypt towards the end of the 13th century. The first European to describe them was Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812.

Because the structures weakened with age, many of the tombs became vulnerable to thieves, and many treasures were stolen. In 1929, a four-person team, consisting of British archaeologists Agnes Conway and George Horsfield, Palestinian physician and folklore expert Dr Tawfiq Canaan and Dr Ditlef Nielsen, a Danish scholar, excavated and surveyed Petra.[19]

Late Twentieth Century: World Heritage Site Designation

The Bidoul/ Bidul or Petra Bedouin were forcibly resettled from their cave dwellings in Petra to Umm Sayhoun/ Um Seihun by the Jordanian government in 1985, prior to the UNESCO designation process. Here, they were provided with block-built housing with some infrastructure including in particular a sewage and drainage system. Among the six communities in the Petra Region, Umm Sayhoun is one of the smaller communities. The

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village of Wadi Musa is the largest in the area, inhabited largely by the Layathnah Bedouin, and is now the closest settlement to the visitor centre, the main entrance via the Siq and the archaeological site generally. Umm Sayhoun gives access to the 'back route' into the site, the Wadi Turkmaniyeh pedestrian route.

On December 6, 1985, Petra was designated a World Heritage Site.

The Bidouls belong to one of the Bedu tribes whose cultural heritage and traditional skills was proclaimed by UNESCO on the Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2005 and inscribedin 2008.

In 2011, following an 11-month project planning phase, the Petra Development and Tourism Region Authority in Association with DesignWorkshop and JCP s.r.l published a Strategic Master Plan that guides planned development of the Petra Region. This is intended to guide planned development of the Petra Region in an efficient, balanced and sustainable way over the next 20 years for the benefit of the local population and of Jordan in general. As part of this, a Strategic Plan was developed for Umm Sayhoun and surrounding areas.[23]

The process of developing the Strategy considered the area's needs from five points of view:

• a socio-economic perspective; • the perspective of Petra Archaeological Park; • the perspective of Petra’s tourism product; • a land use perspective; • an environmental perspective

-Ashley Joel Thomas 7th Sem. B. Pharm.

Israel

Israel is a country in West Asia, situated at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip[7] to the east and west, respectively, andEgypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small areaIsrael's financial center is Tel Aviv,[10] while Jerusalem is both its self-designated, though unrecognised by the United Nations,[11] capital and the most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally disputed.

On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly recommended the adoption and implementation of the Partition Planfor Mandatory Palestine. This UN plan specified

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borders for new Arab and Jewish states and also specified an area of Jerusalem and its environs which was to be administered by the UN under an international regime.The end of the British Mandate for Palestine was set for midnight on 14 May 1948. That day, David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared "the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel," which would start to function from the termination of the mandate.[1The borders of the new state were not specified in the declaration.Neighboring Arab armies invaded the former Palestinian mandate on the next day and fought the Israeli forces. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states,in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula (1956–57, 1967–82), part of South Lebanon (1982–2000), Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank][Efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflicthave not resulted in peace. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed. Israel’s occupation of Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem is the world's longest military occupation in modern times.[

The population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2014 to be 8,146,300 people. It is the world's only Jewish-majority state; 6,212,000 citizens, or 74.9% of Israelis, are designated as Jewish. The country's second largest group of citizens are denoted as Arabs, with 1,718,400 people (including the Druze and most East Jerusalem Arabs).[The great majority of Israeli Arabs are settled Muslims, with smaller but significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins; the rest areChristians and Druze. Other minorities include Maronites, Samaritans, Dom people and Roma, Black Hebrew Israelites, other Sub-Saharan Africans,[30] Armenians, Circassians, Vietnamese boat people, and others. Israel also hosts a significant population of non-citizen foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia.[31]

In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and Democratic State.[32] Israel is a representative democracy[33] with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage.[The Prime Minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as Israel's legislative body. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member,[36] with the 37th-largesteconomy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2014. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with the one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree.The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the fifth highest in Asia and has the one of the highest life expectancies in the world.[42]

The notion of the "Land of Israel", known in Hebrew as Eretz Yisrael, has been important and sacred to the Jewish people since Biblical times. According to the Torah, God promised the land to the three Patriarchs of the Jewish people.[On the basis of scripture, the period of the three Patriarchs has been placed somewhere in the early 2nd millennium BCE,[52] and the

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first Kingdom of Israel was established around the 11th century BCE. Subsequent Israelite kingdoms and states ruled intermittently over the next four hundred years, and are known from various extra-biblical sources.

The first record of the name Israel (as ysrỉꜣ r) occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, "Israel is laid waste and his seed is not."[57] This "Israel" was a cultural and probably political entity of the central highlands, well enough established to be perceived by the Egyptians as a possible challenge to their hegemony, but an ethnic group rather than an organised state;[58] Ancestors of the Israelites may have included Semites native to Canaan and the Sea Peoples.[59] McNutt says, "It is probably safe to assume that sometime duringIron Age a population began to identify itself as 'Israelite'", differentiating itself from the Canaanites through such markers as the prohibition of intermarriage, an emphasis on family history and genealogy, and religion.[60]

Villages had populations of up to 300 or 400, which lived by farming and herding, and were largely self-sufficient;[63] economic interchange was prevalent. Writing was known and available for recording, even in small sites.[65] The archaeological evidence indicates a society of village-like centres, but with more limited resources and a small population.[Modern scholars see Israel arising peacefully and internally from existing people in the highlands of Canaan.

Around 930 BCE, the kingdom split into a southern Kingdom of Judah and a northern Kingdom of Israel. From the middle of the 8th century BCE Israel came into increasing conflict with the expanding neo-Assyrian empire. Under Tiglath-Pileser III it first split Israel's territory into several smaller units and then destroyed its capital, Samaria (722 BCE). An Israelite revolt (724–722 BCE) was crushed after the siege and capture ofSamaria by the Assyrian king Sargon II. Sargon's son, Sennacherib, tried and failed to conquer Judah. Assyrian records say he leveled 46 walled cities and besieged Jerusalem, leaving after receiving extensive tribute.[68]

In 586 BCE King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon conquered Judah. According to the Hebrew Bible, he destroyed Solomon's Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon. The defeat was also recorded by the Babylonians(see the Babylonian Chronicles).

In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire. Cyrus issued a proclamation granting subjugated nations (including the people of Judah) religious freedom (for the original text, which corroborates the biblical narrative only in very broad terms, see the Cyrus Cylinder). According to the Hebrew Bible 50,000 Judeans, led by Zerubabel, returned to Judah and rebuilt the temple. A second group of 5,000, led by Ezra and Nehemiah, returned to Judah in 456 BCE although non-Jews wrote to Cyrus to try to prevent their return.

-Ashley Joel Thomas 7th Sem. B. Pharm.

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Samrat Ashoka

Ashoka Maurya commonly known as Ashoka[3] and Ashoka the Great, was an Indianemperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from circa 269 BCE to 232 BCE.[4] One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over a realm that stretched from the Hindu Kush mountains in the west to Bengal in the East and covered the entire Indian subcontinent except parts of present-day Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The empire's capital was Pataliputra (inMagadha, present-day Bihar), with provincial capitals at Taxila and Ujjain.

In about 260 BCE Ashoka waged a bitterly destructive war against the state of Kalinga (modern Odisha).[5] He conquered Kalinga, which none of his ancestors had done.[6] He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the mass deaths of the Kalinga War, which he himself had waged out of a desire for conquest. "Ashoka reflected on the war in Kalinga, which reportedly had resulted in more than 100,000 deaths and 150,000 deportations."[7] Ashoka converted gradually to Buddhism beginning about 263 BCE.[5] He was later dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across Asia, and established monuments marking several significant sites in the life ofGautama Buddha. "Ashoka regarded Buddhism as a doctrine that could serve as a cultural foundation for political unity."[8] Ashoka is now remembered as a philanthropic administrator. In the Kalinga edicts, he addresses his people as his "children", and mentions that as a father he desires their good.

Ashoka's name "Aśoka" means "painless, without sorrow" in Sanskrit (the a privativum and śoka "pain, distress"). In his edicts, he is referred to as Devānāmpriya (Pali Devānaṃpiya or "The Beloved of the Gods"), and Priyadarśin (Pali Piyadasī or "He who regards everyone with affection"). His fondness for his name's connection to the Saraca asoca tree, or the "Ashoka tree" is also referenced in the Ashokavadana.

Ashoka's early life

Ashoka was born to the Mauryan emperor Bindusara and a relatively lower ranked wife of his, Dharmā (or Dhammā). He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, founder ofMauryan dynasty. The Avadana texts mention that his mother was queen Subhadrangī. According to Ashokavadana, she was the daughter of a Brahmin from the city of Champa.[9]:205 Empress Subhadrangī was a Brahmin of the Ajivika sect,[10][page needed] and was found to be a suitable match for Emperor Bindusara. Though a palace intrigue kept her away from the emperor, this eventually ended, and she bore a son. It is from her exclamation "I am now without sorrow", that Ashoka got his name. The Divyāvadānatells a similar story, but gives the name of the queen as Janapadakalyānī.

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Ashoka had several elder siblings, all of whom were his half-brothers from other wives of Bindusara. His fighting qualities were apparent from an early age and he was given royal military training. He was known as a fearsome hunter, and according to a legend, killed a lion with just a wooden rod. Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, he was sent to curb the riots in the Avanti province of the Mauryan empire.[13]

Rise to power

The Buddhist text "Divyavadana" describes Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. This may have been an incident in Bindusara's times. Taranatha's account states that Achare Chanakya, Bindusara's chief advisor, destroyed the nobles and kings of 16 towns and made himself the master of all territory between the eastern and the western seas. Some historians consider this as an indication of Bindusara's conquest of the Deccan while others consider it as suppression of a revolt. Following this, Ashoka was stationed at Ujjayini as governor.[12]

Bindusara's death in 272 BCE led to a war over succession. According to Divyavandana, Bindusara wanted his son Susima to succeed him but Ashoka was supported by his father's ministers, who found Sushim to be arrogant and disrespectful towards them.[14] A minister named Radhagupta seems to have played an important role in Ashoka's rise to the throne. The Ashokavadana recounts Radhagupta's offering of an old royal elephant to Ashoka for him to ride to the Garden of the Gold Pavilion where King Bindusara would determine his successor. Ashoka later got rid of the legitimate heir to the throne by tricking him into entering a pit filled with live coals. Radhagupta, according to the Ashokavadana, would later be appointed prime minister by Ashoka once he had gained the throne. The Dipavansa andMahavansa refer to Ashoka's killing 99 of his brothers, sparing only one, named Vitashoka or Tissa,[12] although there is no clear proof about this incident (many such accounts are saturated with mythological elements). The coronation happened in 269 BCE, four years after his succession to the throne.

Early life as emperor

Buddhist legends state that Ashoka was bad-tempered and of a wicked nature. He built Ashoka's Hell, an elaborate torture chamber described as a "Paradisal Hell" due to the contrast between its beautiful exterior and the acts carried out within by his appointed executioner, Girikaa.[15] This earned him the name of Chanda Ashoka (Caṇḍa Aśoka) meaning "Ashoka the Fierce" in Sanskrit. Professor Charles Drekmeier cautions that the Buddhist legends tend to dramatise the change that Buddhism brought in him, and therefore, exaggerate Ashoka's past wickedness and his piousness after the conversion.[16]

Ascending the throne, Ashoka expanded his empire over the next eight years, from the present-day boundaries Assam in the East to Balochistan in the West; from the Pamir

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Knot in Afghanistan in the north to the peninsula of southern India except for present day Tamil Nadu and Kerala which were ruled by the three ancient Tamil kingdoms.

Conquest of Kalinga

While the early part of Ashoka's reign was apparently quite bloodthirsty, he became a follower of the Buddha's teachings after his conquest of Kalinga on the east coast of India in the present-day states of Odisha and North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Kalinga was a state that prided itself on its sovereignty and democracy. With its monarchical parliamentary democracy it was quite an exception in ancient Bharata where there existed the concept of Rajdharma. Rajdharma means the duty of the rulers, which was intrinsically entwined with the concept of bravery and dharma. The Kalinga War happened eight years after his coronation. From his 13th inscription, we come to know that the battle was a massive one and caused the deaths of more than 100,000 soldiers and many civilians who rose up in defence; over 150,000 were deported.[18] When he was walking through the grounds of Kalinga after his conquest, rejoicing in his victory, he was moved by the number of bodies strewn there and the wails of the kith and kin of the dead.

-Ashley Joel Thomas 7th Sem. B. Pharm.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States.[2]A Democrat, he won a record four elections and served from March 1933 to his death in April 1945. He was a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. His program for relief, recovery and reform, known as the New Deal, involved the great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy. A dominant leader of the Democratic Party, he built the New Deal Coalition that united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans, and rural white Southerners. The Coalition realigned American politics after 1932, creating the Fifth Party System and defining American liberalism for the middle third of the 20th century.

Roosevelt was born in 1882 to an old, prominent Dutch family from upstate New York. He attended the elite institutions of Groton School and Harvard College. In 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt, with whom he had six children. He entered politics in 1910, serving in the New York State Senate, and then as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. In 1920, Roosevelt ran for vice president alongside presidential candidate James M. Cox but the Cox/Roosevelt ticket lost to the Republican ticket of Warren

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Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921, which cost him the use of his legs and put his political career on hold for several years. Roosevelt attempted to recover from this illness, and founded a treatment center for polio patients in Warm Springs, Georgia. After returning to political life by placing Alfred E. Smith's name into nomination at the 1924 Democratic National Convention, Roosevelt was asked by Smith to run for Governor of New York in the 1928 election. Roosevelt served as a reform governor from 1929 to 1932, and promoted the enactment of programs to combat the Great Depression that occurred during his governorship.

Roosevelt defeated incumbent Republican president Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over polio, FDR used his persistent optimism and activism to renew the national spirit.[3] In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers, and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance. The repeal of Prohibition added to his popularity, helping him win reelection by a landslide in 1936. The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937–38. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court, blocked all proposals for major liberal legislation (apart from a minimum wage law), and abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment practically vanished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business continued in effect until they ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the still existing Securities and Exchange Commission. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Social Security.

As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy", which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to Britain and China. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which he called a "date which will live in infamy", he made war on Japan and Germany. Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins, and with very strong national support, he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan in World War II. He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort, and also ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis

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Powers and the development of the world's first nuclear bomb. His work also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. During the war, unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to wartime factory jobs or entered military service.

Roosevelt's health seriously declined during the war years, and he died three months into his fourth term. He is often rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents, along with Abraham Lincoln and George Washington.

-Ashley Joel Thomas

7th Sem. B. Pharm.

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NEWS SECTION:

Campus News: • Gold medals in M. Pharm were grabbed by 4 of APCian Stars. While the following

starred in the Bachelors' of Pharmacy.o Trupalkumari Patel stood first in first year B. Pharm.o Anjali Patel stood first in second year B. Pharm.o Shrutiben Bhatt stood first in third year B. Pharm.o Nilam Rangani stood first in final year B. Pharm.

• Guest lecture on “Present trends in herbs standardization: An Ayurvedic Review” byDr. Dilip Jani, Associate Professor, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies andResearch, New V. V. Nagar on 6th July 2015.

• Motivational Workshop was organised for inspiring the youth to minimise theburden of lifestyle induced diseases. Dr. Sanjay Shah, Chief Medical Officer, SVNIT,Surat had delivered a lecture on topics “Journey of Life- Know Thyself” and “SilentKiller” on 4th July 2015.

• Dr. R. C. Mashru, Associate Professor, M. S. University, Vadodara had conductedworkshop on “Quality Management System” on 17th July 2015.

• Dr. Tejal A. Mehta, Professor and Head of Nirma University delivered a guest lectureon “Hot-melt extrusion: An emerging drug delivery technology” on 22nd July 2015.

• A guest lecture on “The Role of DoE in Controlling and Reduction of Inherent andInter-animal Variability” was given by Mr. Vishal Patel, Senior Associate, ZydusResearch Center.

• Dr. Rajendra Jani, Senior Vice President, Clinical R&D, Cadila Healthcare Limited,expressed his views in the guest lecture on “Ethics: Essential Component of ClinicalResearch” on 21st march 2015.

• A presentation on “Is Clinical Research in India Tantamount to International HumanStudies” was given by Dr. S. K. Goswami, President, Rapitam Research Ltd. on 21st

March, 2015.• Mr. Sujeet Ojha, Senior Clinical Project Leader, Sanofi-Synthelabo India Ltd.,

explained the “Fundamentals of Ethics in Clinical Research and Recent RegulatoryAmendments” again on 21st March, 2015.

• “Roles and Responsibilities of Clinical Trial Personals as per ICH GCP guidelines”were fit in our brains by Dr. Ashutosh Jani, Head Clinical Trials, Accutest ResearchLaboratory on 21st March 2015.

• Mr. Nisarg Patel, Veeda Clinical Research, explained on the topic of “Hands onTraining on CDS, PLS, PCR methods” also on 21st March, 2015.

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• An explanation of “Chemometrics- A Powerful Analytical Tool” was given by Ms.Archita Patel, KBIPER once again on 21st March, 2015.

• Mr. Hardik B. Rana, Ms. Veena S. Patel and Mr. Ashley Joel Thomas attended theInternational Pharmacy Student Federation meeting.

• Dr. Tejal R. Gandhi went to Canada as a teacher of Pharmacology for students inInternational Exchange Program.

• Green Audit Awareness program was undertaken in the month of July and variousAwareness Presentations were given in our College as well as AIBS and

• Fireless Cooking competition was held on 24th July, 2015 in the Women Cell.• Hairstyling competition was also held under Women Cell on 24th July, 2015.• Mehendi Competition was held on 23rd July, 2015 under the banner of Women Cell.• 23rd July, 2015 was the day for Nail Art.• Self Defense program of Karate, for development of Women empowerment from 2nd

July to 11th July, 2015.• Mr. Milap Purohit and Mr. Malav Maniar of 5th sem B. Pharm. won the first prize in

the quiz competition in the event “APOCALYPSE” organised by K.B.I.P.E.R.,Gandhinagar.

• A Tiger was adopted by the “Nature Defenders” on the behalf of ANANDPHARMACY COLLEGE through WWF on 26th July, 2015 as a step towards a causefor World Tiger Day on 29th July 2015.

• Various students have shown their interests in the “Green Audit” by adoptingseveral trees on campus on various days.

-Milap Purohit5th Sem B. Pharm