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Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 1
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions1
APPLICATION OF
HIGHHIGH--STRENGTH AND STRENGTH AND
HIGHHIGH--PERFORMANCE CONCRETEPERFORMANCE CONCRETEIN SEISMIC REGIONS
8HSC/HPC Symposium
Toshi Center Hotel, Tokyo, October 27 –29, 2008
Shunsuke SuganoShunsuke SuganoProfessor Emeritus
Hiroshima University
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions2
Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackground
1) Backgrounds1) Backgrounds
JCI Technical Committees onJCI Technical Committees onStructural Performance of HighStructural Performance of High--Strength Concrete StructuresStrength Concrete StructuresUtilization of HighUtilization of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--Performance ConcretePerformance Concrete
2) Seismicity around Japan and EQ Damage2) Seismicity around Japan and EQ Damage
3) Overview of Application of HSC/HPC in Japan3) Overview of Application of HSC/HPC in Japan
HighHigh--Strength ConcreteStrength ConcreteHigh-Strength ConcreteFire-Resistant Concrete
HighHigh--Performance ConcretePerformance ConcreteSelf-Compacting ConcreteHigh-Durability ConcreteHigh-Ductility Concrete
4) Concluding Remarks4) Concluding Remarks
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions3
JCI Committees on HSC/HPCJCI Committees on HSC/HPCTechnical Committee on
Structural Performance of HSC StructuresStructural Performance of HSC Structures (2004.4 - 2006.3)
To review the state of research and design of HSC structures
To prepare technical reports of structural performance of HSC structures.
Subcommittees on “structural performance” and “structural design”
Technical Committee on
Utilization of HSC/HPCUtilization of HSC/HPC (2006.4 - 2008.3)
To review the state of research, design and application of HSC/HPC
To prepare keynote papers for 8HSC/HPC Symposium
Subcommittees on “High-strength & Fire-resistance”
“Self-Compacting & High-durability”
“Fiber-reinforced & High-ductility”
HighHigh--Strength Concrete (HSC)Strength Concrete (HSC)
HighHigh--Performance Concrete (HPC)Performance Concrete (HPC)The “high-strength concrete” added with “high-function" such as;
high-durability,
high-ductility,
self-compacting,
fire-resistance.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackground
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions4
88888888HSC/HPCHSC/HPC Keynote LecturesKeynote LecturesFrom Japan Concrete Institute (JCI)
Subcommittee on High-strength & Fire-resistant
KN1: Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcement (Prof. Nishiyama, Oct.27 am)
Subcommittee on Self-Compacting & High-durability
KN2: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan (Dr. Yokota, Oct.27 pm)
KN3: Self-Compacting Concrete in Japan (Prof. Ohuchi, Oct.27 pm)
Subcommittee on Fiber-reinforced & High-ductility
KN4: Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different
Classes of Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Applications Examples (Prof. Uchida,
Oct.28 am)
From Japan Prestressed Concrete Engineering Association (JPCEA)Committee on Design and Construction for Prestressed Concrete Structures Using
High-strength Concrete
KN5: Outline of “Guidelines for Design and Construction of High-strength Concrete for
Prestressed Concrete Structures” (Prof. Mutsuyoshi, Oct.28 pm)
From fédération internationale du béton (fib)Commission 8 on Concrete
KN6: Constituting modeling of HSC/HPC - a survey on fib Bulletin 42 (Prof. Dehn, Oct.28 pm)
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackground
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions5
8HSC/HPC Invited Lectures8HSC/HPC Invited Lectures
From Committee on Utilization of HSC/HPC (JCI)Professor Shunsuke Sugano, Hiroshima University, JAPANApplication of High Strength and High Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions
From Europe (fib)Professor Joost Walraven, Delft University of Technology, THE NETHERLANDSHigh Performance Fibre Concrete: a material with a large potential
From America (ACI)Professor John J. Myers, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USAThe Use of High Strength / High Performance Concrete in America: A Code and Application Perspective
From Europe (fib)Dr. Tor Arne Hammer, COIN - Concrete Innovation Centre by SINTEF, NORWAYFuture HPC - Driven by Industrial Need for Innovation as well as Environmental andSocial Needs
From Asia (ACF)Professor Takumi Shimomura, Nagaoka University of Technology, JAPANHigh Strength and High Performance Concrete in the Asian Countries and Regions
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackground
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions6
Population: 127billion Population: 127billion →→High population densityHigh population density
Land area : 378000 kmLand area : 378000 km22 (smaller than (smaller than CCaliforniaalifornia ) )
Length from N to S : 3500 km (1800 miles)Length from N to S : 3500 km (1800 miles)
Extend along the borders of four major platesExtend along the borders of four major plates
North America plate
Eurasian
plate
Philippine plate
Pacific
plate
Seismicity around JapanSeismicity around Japan
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 2
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions7
WeWeWeWeWeWeWeWe sitsitsitsitsitsitsitsit oooooooon n n n n n n n a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.
We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for huge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakes..
Data: National Research Institutefor Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
Pacific plate
North America plate
Eurasian plate
Philippine plate
Recent Earthquake RecordsRecent Earthquake Records
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions8
19231923192319231923192319231923 Kanto (M7.9)Kanto (M7.9) 19481948194819481948194819481948 Fukui (M7.1)Fukui (M7.1) 19641964196419641964196419641964 Niigata (M7.5)Niigata (M7.5)
19951995199519951995199519951995 KobeKobe (M7.2)(M7.2)19681968196819681968196819681968 TokachiTokachi--oki (M7.9)oki (M7.9)Chronology and Impact of
Major EarthquakesChronology and Impact of Chronology and Impact of
Major EarthquakesMajor Earthquakes
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions9
Damage to RC Buildings due to 1968 Tokachi-oki Earthquake
Damage to RC Buildings Damage to RC Buildings due to 1968 Tokachidue to 1968 Tokachi--oki Earthquakeoki Earthquake
Shear failure of short columns�Damage to many RC buildings due to shear failure of short columns
�After the earthquake:
Revision of concrete standard
Revision of building standard law
Investigation of seismic behavior of RC buildings
�Removal of building height limit in 1964 and 36F Kasumigaseki
Building (steel) in 1968.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions10
Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to 1995 Kobe Earthquake
Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to
1995 Kobe Earthquake1995 Kobe Earthquake
Mid-story Collapse of Mixed RC/SRC Building (1995 Kobe Earthquake)
●●●●Engineered mid-rise RC and SRC buildings experienced full story-
collapse at some intermediary floors.
●●●● This earthquake created another opportunity to re-assess the engineering
practice and improve the design and construction procedures.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions11
HSC Buildings in and around TokyoHSC Buildings in and around Tokyo
Use: Apartment houseUse: Apartment house
Height: 192m, No. of story: 56Height: 192m, No. of story: 56
Concrete: Fc100MPaConcrete: Fc100MPa
Use: Apartment houseUse: Apartment house
Height: 204m, No. of story: 59Height: 204m, No. of story: 59
Concrete: Fc150MPaConcrete: Fc150MPa
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on StructurJapan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural al
Performance of HighPerformance of High--Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction of HighT. Ueda et al: Design and Construction of High--rise R/C rise R/C
Apartment Building of 59 Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3Apartment Building of 59 Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions12
P3 P2 P1P3 P2 P1
A 120MPa Concrete BridgeA 120MPa Concrete Bridge
((Pedestrian OverpassPedestrian Overpass))
Section of Main Beam
Side Elevation
Bridge length: 63.7m
Span: 33.2m +25.9m
Width of road: 8.8m
Depth of beam: 1.2m
(span / beam depth=27.7)
Concrete strength: 120N/mm2
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical
Committee Report on Structural
Performance of High-Strength Concrete
Structures, 2006.7
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 3
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions13
Transition of Number of High-Rise RC Buildings
Designed Year (at the end of appraisal)
No. of
Building
BCJ dataBCJ data
(as of 2007.6)(as of 2007.6)
Over 60m highOver 60m high
Total number Total number
over 500over 500
Evolution of HighEvolution of High--Rise RC buildings Rise RC buildings
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Transition of Number of HighTransition of Number of High--Rise RC buildingsRise RC buildings
Japan Concrete Institute: Japan Concrete Institute:
Technical Committee Report Technical Committee Report
on Structural Performance of on Structural Performance of
HighHigh--Strength Concrete Strength Concrete
Structures, 2006.7 Structures, 2006.7
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions14
Transition of Concrete StrengthTransition of Concrete StrengthTransition of Concrete Strength
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
設計年
コン
クリ
ート
設計
基準
強度
Fc
[N
/mm
2]
実績最大値各年最大値
各年平均値
各年最小値
Spe
cifie
d de
sign
str
engt
h
F
c (M
Pa)
Year (end of structural design evaluation)
Maximum past record
Annual maximum value
Annual average value
Annual minimum value
Evolution of HighEvolution of High--Strength Materials Strength Materials
New RC
Project
New RC New RC
ProjectProject
Characteristics
of UFCComp. Behavior
of ColumnsSeismic Behavior
of Columns
Seismic Behavior
of B-C Joints
Concluding
Remarks
ObjectivesObjectives
& Scope& Scope
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on StructurJapan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural al
Performance of HighPerformance of High--Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions15
実績最大値各年最大値各年平均値各年最小値
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
設計年
主筋
(降伏
)強度
fy
[N/m
m2]
Tens
ile y
ield
str
engt
h
for
long
itudi
nal b
ars
fy (
MP
a)
Year (end of structural design evaluation)
Maximum past record
Annual maximum value
Annual average value
Annual minimum value
New RC
Project
New RC New RC
ProjectProject
SD390SD390
SDSD685685685685685685685685
Evolution of HighEvolution of High--Strength Materials Strength Materials
Transition of Strength of Longitudinal BarsTransition of Strength of Longitudinal BarsTransition of Strength of Longitudinal Bars
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on StructurJapan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural al
Performance of HighPerformance of High--Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions16
What Made High-Rise RC Buildings
Possible ?
Development of:
�High-strength
concrete and steel.
�Techniques to
secure ductility of
members.
�Analytical tools for
design.
�New construction
techniques and quality
control technology.
<<<<<<<<19721972>>>>>>>>
●●●●●●●● 18 Stories18 Stories
●●●●●●●● fcfc’’ 30 MPa30 MPa
●●●●●●●● Small Span frameSmall Span frame
<<<<<<<<20052005>>>>>>>>
●●●●●●●● 59 Stories59 Stories
●●●●●●●● fcfc’’ 150 MPa150 MPa
●●●●●●●● Large interior spaceLarge interior space
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions17
Co
st
ind
ex (
%)
Number of story
25-story High-RC: 100
High RC
Steel
SRC
High RC has larger cost merit than
those of Steel and SRC buildings
SRC
Working period (day)
Nu
mb
er
of
sto
ry
High R
C
Steel (fire resistingcovering)
Steel (
erectio
n)
High RC buildings can be constructed with
equal period to that of steel buildings
� Habitability due to High Stiffness,
� Good Sound Insulation,
� Constructionability and Economy
�� Habitability due to High Stiffness, Habitability due to High Stiffness,
�� Good Sound Insulation,Good Sound Insulation,
�� ConstructionabilityConstructionability and Economy and Economy
Why High-Rise RC Building ?Why HighWhy High--Rise RCRise RC Building ?
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions18
Application of HSC to Public Works StructuresApplication of HSC to Public Works Structures
Bridge (60-80N/mm2) Pile plank (70N/mm2)
Snow shelter (60-75N/mm2) Rock shed (60-75N/mm2)
PC well (50N/mm2)
Japan Concrete
Institute: Report of
Technical Committee
on Structural
Performance of High-
Strength Concrete
Structures, 2006.7
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 4
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions19
40 50 10
40 40 20
57 29 14
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Girder structure
Main beam concrete
higher than 80N/mm2
Cable stayed bridge
Extradosed bridge
Girder structure
Main beam concrete
lower than 80N/mm2
Light-
weighting
Reduce beam
depth
Cost
reduction
Landscape
Rapid
construction
Why HSC for Bridge Structures?Why HSC for Bridge StructuresWhy HSC for Bridge Structures?
Japan Concrete
Institute: Report of
Technical Committee on
Structural Performance
of High-Strength
Concrete Structures,
2006.7
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions20
Name:
Park City Musashi Kosugi
Use: CondominiumLocation:Nakahara-ward, KawasakiCity, Kanagawa Pref.
No. of Story: 59F (B1, PF2F)Height of Building: 197.6 m
Maximum Height: 203.5 mTotal Floor Area: 103,670 m2
Structure: RC Moment FramesConcrete Strength: Fc150 MPaMain Bar: SD678 (σσσσy: 685MPa)
Design: Takenaka CorporationConstruction:
Takenaka Corporation
Construction Period:
2005.10 – 2009.2
T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction
of High-rise R/C Apartment Building of 59
Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3
A 150MPa Concrete BuildingA 150MPa Concrete Building
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions21
Section and Floor PlanSection and Floor PlanSection and Floor Plan
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions22
Column
Section
Casting
Column
Concrete
As of
May 28
2007
T. Ueda et al: Design and
Construction of High-rise
R/C Apartment Building
of 59 Stories, Concrete
Journal, JCI, 2007.3
ConstructionConstructionConstruction
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions23
Strength of Concrete CoreStrength of Concrete CoreStrength of Concrete Core
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions24
Fresh ConcreteFresh ConcreteFresh Concrete
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 5
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions25
Fire Resistant ConcreteFire Resistant Concrete
Spalling due to
steam pressure
Water content
Organic fiber
Fiber is evaporated by high
temperature forming a micro
cavity and steam pressure is
reduced.
Ordinary
high-strerngth
concrete
Fire-resistant
high-strerngth
concrete
T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction
of High-rise R/C Apartment Building of 59
Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions26
Steel Fiber Reinforced ConcreteSteel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Prevention of
separation and
fall down of
concrete
Separation and
fall down of
concrete due to
lateral
displacement
Steel fiber
Ordinary High-strength Concrete
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions27
Structural Test on HSC and UHSC ColumnsStructural Test on HSC and UHSC Columns
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions28
SelfSelf--Compacting ConcreteCompacting Concrete
Concept of SCCConcept of SCC Composition of SCCComposition of SCC
MixMix--proportioning of SCCproportioning of SCCAutomatic Acceptance Test of SCCAutomatic Acceptance Test of SCC
M. Ohuchi et al:M. Ohuchi et al: SelfSelf--Compacting Concrete in Japan, Compacting Concrete in Japan,
Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions29
SelfSelf--compacting Concretecompacting Concrete
Congested reinforcing bars Congested reinforcing bars
in a bridge pierin a bridge pier
Advantages of using
self-compacting concrete
(1) Shortening the construction period of large-scale structures.
(2) Ensuring the filling of concrete into densely reinforced portions where the use of an internal vibrator is impracticable.
(3) Reducing the vibration noise during the production of concrete products.
(4) Increasing the durability of concrete structures by minimizing the placement-related defects.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions30
Transition of Design of HighTransition of Design of High--Rise BuildingsRise Buildings (1963(1963--2002)2002)
Designed Year
01020304050
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
RC:293
0102030
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
CFT:106
010
2030
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
SRC: 245
0
2040
60
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
S: 684
Number of
Buildings
Number of
Buildings
Number of
Buildings
Number of
Buildings Steel
Steel Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
Concrete Filled Tubular
Steel
Steel Reinforced Concrete
Concrete Filled Tube
Reinforced Concrete
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on StructurJapan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural al
Performance of HighPerformance of High--Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 6
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions31
Hat Truss Precast Slab
Truss Girder
Steel Box Column H – Section Column
HSC CFT Column
A 40A 40--story CFT Buildingstory CFT Building
Beam-Column Joint of CFT
Bottom-up Pumping
(60MPa Concrete, height 62m)
Floor Plan
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions32
PumpingHole
Diaphragm
in mm
Steel Tube Specimen
for Bottom-up Pumping
Diaphragm of CFT Column
Appearance of Concrete
beneath the Diaphragm
Test of BottomTest of Bottom--up Pumpingup Pumping
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions33
HighHigh--Durability ConcreteDurability Concrete
AcidAcid--resistant concreteresistant concrete
Normal concrete
Acid-resistant concrete Application of stayApplication of stay--inin--place place forms to a fierce chlorideforms to a fierce chloride--
laden environmentladen environment
H. Yokota et al: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan, H. Yokota et al: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan,
Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions34
HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (ECC)Ductility Concrete (ECC)
Rehabilitation of a tunnel using ECCRehabilitation of a tunnel using ECC
Section of tunnel and Section of tunnel and
rehabilitation schemerehabilitation scheme Shotcreting of ECCShotcreting of ECC
EEngineeredngineered CCementitiousementitious CCompositeompositeECC is characterized by strain hardening under tensile stress, which is a unique performance
that has never been found in conventional cement concrete. This performance of ECC keeps
cracks fine, leading to large tensile deformation and ductility.
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Y. Uchida et al. : Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Applications Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HOC, 2008.10
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions35
A highA high--rise RC housing complex using ECC for coupling beams rise RC housing complex using ECC for coupling beams
between core walls (41between core walls (41--story and 150m height)story and 150m height)
coupling beamCore wall
Core wall
ECC coupling beam
Support column
Flat slab
HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (ECC)Ductility Concrete (ECC)
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions36
Composition of UFC
Stress- Strain Relationship
Ultra-High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (UFC)Ductility Concrete (UFC)
UFC is an epoch-making high-ductility/high-durability concrete
having a compressive strength exceeding 150 N/mm2 as well
as a high tensile strength exceeding 10 N/mm2.
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 7
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions37
SakataSakata--MiraiMirai Bridge Using 200MPa UFCBridge Using 200MPa UFC
Previousbridge
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions38
Ordinary Concrete
40N/mm2
Outer cable PS structure
Span::::50m
Floor thickness::::5cm
Web thickness::::8cm
UFC 200N/mm2 Steel Girder
Main cable
25S15.28x2
Main cable
19S15.28x4
Effective
width
1.6 m
Effective
width
1.6 m
Effective
width
1.6 m
1.56
2.1
3.0
Sakata Mirai Bridge
Comparison of Girder SectionComparison of Girder Section
Reference
Nikkei construction:
September 13, 2002
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions39
JSCE Recommendations for ECC and UFCECC and UFC
Recommendations for Design and Construction of
High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement
Composite with Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), 2007
Recommendations for Design and Construction of
Ultra High-Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Structures (Draft), 2006
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions40
Social Needs
Higher buildingWider living space
Smaller member
section
Longer durability
Potential Needs
If a building is free from earthquakes by
using seismic isolation, novel
design and creation of new space can be possible using UFC.
Needs of UFC for Buildings
A test frame of 150MPa concrete
columns supported by seismic
isolation system
(fundamental period: 10 second)
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions41
Structural Test of UFC Columns and B-C Joints
Seismicity
EQ Damage
High-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions42
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks (1)(1)
■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--StrengthStrength Concrete (HSC)Concrete (HSC)
HSC up to 120MPa strength has been applied to many civil HSC up to 120MPa strength has been applied to many civil
engineering structures (bridges, tanks, shelter, etc.)engineering structures (bridges, tanks, shelter, etc.)
HSC up to 150MPa strength has been applied to many highHSC up to 150MPa strength has been applied to many high--
rise RC buildings, mostly housing complexes.rise RC buildings, mostly housing complexes.
Development of higher strength concrete than 120MPa, Development of higher strength concrete than 120MPa,
however, less expensive than 200MPahowever, less expensive than 200MPa--UFC, is required.UFC, is required.
Development of highDevelopment of high--strength added with highstrength added with high--durability durability
concrete is required on the extension of ordinary concrete.concrete is required on the extension of ordinary concrete.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
Application of High-Strength and High-
Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 8
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions43
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks (2)(2)
■■■■■■■■ SelfSelf--Compacting ConcreteCompacting Concrete ((((((((SCC)SCC)
SCC has been applied to many civil engineering structures SCC has been applied to many civil engineering structures
(tunnels, bridges, underground LNG tanks, etc.) where (tunnels, bridges, underground LNG tanks, etc.) where
casting and vibrating concrete is difficult.casting and vibrating concrete is difficult.
SCC has been applied to many CFT buildings and seismic SCC has been applied to many CFT buildings and seismic
rehabilitation of existing buildings (placing walls and rehabilitation of existing buildings (placing walls and
jacketing columns with concrete) where casting and jacketing columns with concrete) where casting and
vibrating concrete is difficult.vibrating concrete is difficult.
Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners
considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the
dissemination of SCC.dissemination of SCC.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions44
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks (3)(3)
■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--Durability Concrete (HDC)Durability Concrete (HDC)
Durability Enhancement by Innovation in Materials Durability Enhancement by Innovation in Materials
Improvement and Mix ProportioningImprovement and Mix Proportioning
Durability Enhancement by HighlyDurability Enhancement by Highly--Durable StayDurable Stay--inin--Place Place
Forms. Forms.
Design and production of highly durable concrete are Design and production of highly durable concrete are
strongly requested for realizing sustainability. Though strongly requested for realizing sustainability. Though
the initial cost is high for HDC, LCC may be decreased. the initial cost is high for HDC, LCC may be decreased.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions45
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks (4)(4)
■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (ECC)Ductility Concrete (ECC)
ECC has been applied to many civil engineering structures ECC has been applied to many civil engineering structures (tunnels, bridges, gravity dams, etc.) where cracks must (tunnels, bridges, gravity dams, etc.) where cracks must be kept fine or large ductility is required. be kept fine or large ductility is required.
ECC was applied to connecting beams between 3ECC was applied to connecting beams between 3--D shear D shear walls in a highwalls in a high--rise RC building because of its excellent rise RC building because of its excellent energy absorbing performance.energy absorbing performance.
JSCE published recommendations for JSCE published recommendations for ““Multiple Fine CrackMultiple Fine Crack--type Fibertype Fiber--Reinforced Cementitious Composite (drafts) in Reinforced Cementitious Composite (drafts) in March 2007. March 2007.
Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the dissemination of ECC.dissemination of ECC.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--
Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions46
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks (5)(5)■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (UFC)Ductility Concrete (UFC)
UFC with 150 MPa or more strength has been applied to UFC with 150 MPa or more strength has been applied to bridges where 1) small member thickness, 2) light weight, bridges where 1) small member thickness, 2) light weight, 3) small beam depth, 4) no reinforcing bars, are required. 3) small beam depth, 4) no reinforcing bars, are required.
UFC has not been applied to main structures in buildings, UFC has not been applied to main structures in buildings, though R/D studies have been conducted. though R/D studies have been conducted.
JSCE published recommendations for JSCE published recommendations for ““Design and Design and Construction of UltraConstruction of Ultra--highhigh--strength Fiberstrength Fiber--reinforced reinforced Concrete (drafts) in September 2004. Concrete (drafts) in September 2004.
Cost estimation by owners considering LCC and preparation Cost estimation by owners considering LCC and preparation of law for special materials will promote the dissemination of law for special materials will promote the dissemination of UFC for building structures.of UFC for building structures.
Seismicity
EQ DamageHigh-Strength
Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting
High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced
High-Ductility
Concluding
Remarks
Outline
Background