si emissionmeasurement en v1!0!2012-03 web

8/22/2019 SI EmissionMeasurement en V1!0!2012-03 WEB

1/32

Complete Emission Measurement Technologyfrom SICK

Single-source technologies and solutions for

future-oriented emissions monitoring


2/32

E M I S S I O N M E A S U R E M E N T T E C H N O L O G Y | S I C K2 8014933/2012-03

Subject to change without notice

Emission monitoring from SICK:

global solutions for a globally relevant topic

Effective climate protection as well as the maintenance and restoration of

a clean environment are among the greatest challenges facing today's global

community. In addition to efficient energy management, this primarily means

effectively reducing pollutants and environmental hard, or better still, prevent-

ing them. This must be implemented in all emission-relevant industries and

regions especially those with intensive energy requirements as well as

densely populated centers worldwide.

The goal of reducing air pollution to the lowest technically feasible level is

primarily achieved with state of the art waste gas purification processes.

Emissions must be determined both in terms of quantity and quality as well

as minimized in a targeted manner, as far as possible. This can be realized

with proactive planning of industrial plants as well as the continuous monitor-

ing of emissions.

Continuous emission measurement is used to determine the emission behav-

ior of industrial plants. SICK is the only manufacturer worldwide in this area

with decades of experience offering a complete range of emission measure-

ment technology. We use proven measurement principles and innovative tech-

nologies to ensure future-oriented solutions even under ever increasing

environmental and safety-related requirements.

Make your significant contribution to an intact environment for current and

future generations with complete emission measurement technology from

SICK.

Complete Emission Measurement Technologyfrom SICK


3/32

E M I S S I O N M E A S U R E M E N T T E C H N O L O G Y | S I C K 38014933/2012-03


Convincing Performance

Industries and Solutions 6

Technologies and Measuring

Principles 8

Systems and Project Engineering 10

Connectivity 12

Services 14

Requirements of Emission

Measurement Systems 16

Gas Analyzers 18

Dust Measuring Devices 22

Analyzer Systems 24

Gas Flow Measuring Devices 26

Data Acquisition Systems 27

Regulations and Provisions 28

Glossary 30


4/32

PS_header1_small_blue PS_header2_small_blue



We deliver Sensor Intelligence.

SICK sensor solutions for industrial automation are the result of exceptional dedication

and experience. From development all the way to service: The people at SICK are

committed to investing all their expertise in providing with the very best sensors andsystem solutions possible.

Company

Approximately 5,000 people are on staff, with products and

services available to help SICK sensor technology users in-

crease their productivity and reduce their costs. Founded

in 1946 and headquartered in Waldkirch, Germany, SICK is

a global sensor specialist with more than 50 subsidiaries and

representations worldwide. Our exemplary corporate culture

fosters an optimum work-life balance, thus attracting the best

employees from all over the world. SICK is one of the best

employers we have been among the winners of the presti-

gious German Great Place to Work award for many years in

succession.

A company with a culture of success


5/32

PS_header1_small_bluePS_header2_small_blue



Company

SICK sensor systems simplify and optimize processes and allow

for sustainable production. SICK operates thirteen research

and development centers all over the world. Co-designed with

customers and universities, our innovative sensor products and

solutions are made to give a decisive edge. With an impressive

track record of innovation, we take the key parameters of mod-

ern production to new levels: reliable process control, safety of

people and environmental protection.

SICK is backed by a holistic, homogeneous corporate culture.

We are an independent company. And our sensor technology is

open to all system environments. The power of innovation has

made SICK one of the technology and market leader sensor

technology that is successful in the long term.

Innovation for the leading edge A corporate culture for sustainable excellence


6/32




Industry Requirements Solutions from SICK

Power plants

Various requirements apply to power plants,

depending on the fuels used, for example,

coal, oil or gas. The following pollutants

must be continuously measured, depending

on applicable local environmental regula-tions: CO, NOx SO2 and dust as well as

reference parameters such as temperature,

O2 (and H2O, where applicable).

- CO, NOx and SO2 as well as O2 /H2O

In-situ:GM32, GM35, ZIRKOR302

Cold extractive:

GMS800, SIDOR Alternative as complete solution:

MKAS/MAC800

Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER Volume ow measurement: FLOWSIC100 Data acquisition system: MEAC2000

Waste incineration

Various requirements apply depending on

the type of incineration plant, for example,

household waste, industrial waste or hazard-

ous waste. Pollutants such as HCl, HF, NOx,

SO2, VOC and dust load as well as O2 and/

or H2O must be continuously measured in

accordance with local environmental stipula-

tions.

Increasingly, the additional parameter of

total mercury Hg must also be detected.

- HCl, HF, SO2, CO, NOx and O2 /H2O

In-situ:GM700

Hot extractive:MCS100E, MCS100FT (FTIR)

Hg measurement: MERCEM300Z

Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER Volume ow measurement: FLOWSIC100 Data acquisition system: MEAC2000

Cement production

Plants for producing cement, as well as

ring and crushing lime. Flue gas pollutantsmust be continuously measured depending

on local environmental regulations, prefer-

ably NOx SO2 and dust as well as reference

parameters such as O2 and/or H2O

When burring alternative fuels it is also nec-

essary to measure additional components

such as HCl, HF, Hg and VOC.

- HCl, HF, SO2, CO, NOx, VOC and O2/H2O

Hot extractive:MCS100E, MCS100FT (FTIR)

Hg measurement: MERCEM300Z VOC: GMS810-FIDOR Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER Volume ow measurement: FLOWSIC100 Data acquisition system: MEAC2000

Chemicals, oil and gas

Chemical parks generally include a fossil-

fuel red power plant, which generates bothelectricity as well as steam.

Gases produced during the process are

exploited thermally and must be monitored

accordingly. Parts of the plant may include

explosion proof areas.

- VOC, CO, NOx, SO2 and O2 /H2O

Cold extractive: GMS800 Hot extractive: MCS100E, MCS100FT VOC: GMS810-FIDOR Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER Volume ow measurement: FLOWSIC100 Explosion protected version:

GMS815, GMS820

Data acquisition system: MEAC2000

Metals and steel production

Plants for calcination, melting or sintering

ores as well as the production of non-ferrous

metals. These areas are subject to harsh

environmental conditions such as high dust

loads and severe vibration.

The gases produced during the process are

reprocessed and must be measured and

monitored accordingly.

- CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, HCl and O2


Cold extractive: GMS800 Hot extractive: MCS100E Alternative as system: MKAS/MAC800 Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER Volume ow measurement: FLOWSIC100 Data acquisition system: MEAC2000

Industries and Solutions


7/32




Industry Requirements Solutions from SICK

Glass and Ceramics

Systems for manufacturing glass and glass

bers, for melting ceramic materials and ringceramic products.

Typical requirements include ne silicates and

borates with high abrasion potential in the uegases.

- CO, NOx and SO2 as well as O2 /H2O


Special in-situ sensors, which are not

subject to abrasion

Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER

Volume ow measurement: F100


Pulp and Paper

So called TRS emissions are created during the

kraft pulp production process, primarily in lime

kilns and the liquor combustion process. They

are strictly regulated by authorities due to the

associated intensive odor contamination.

For this reason, concentrations of hydrogen

sulde, methylmercaptan, dimethyl-sulde anddimethyl-di-sulde or the sum parameter of TRSmust be continuously measured.

- SO2, H2S, TRS: methylmercaptan,

dimethyl-sulde and dimethyl-di-sulde

In-situ:

GM32

Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER

Volume ow measurement: F100Data acquisition system: MEAC2000

Maritime

On-board systems on cargo and passenger

ships for monitoring smoke gas and monitoring

of exhaust gas purication systems. Typi-cally these systems are subject to increased

vibration. Especially the components NOx, SO2,

CO2, O2 are measured and the denitricationplants monitored. Special approvals such as

Germanischer Lloyd type approval and effectivesample point switching are essential require-

ments.

- NOx, SO2, CO2, O2

Hot extractive:

MCS100E (optional with sample point

switching)

Greenhouse gases

The greenhouse gas CO2 is responsible for 75%

of global climate change. However, CO2, CH4 and

N2O present varying degrees of hazard potential.

Likewise, legislators worldwide are forcingoperators to declare greenhouse gas cargo. For

example, in the USA and Canada this is imple -mented in the EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting

Program. In the EU it is covered by the EmissionsTrading Directive. A precise measurement of the

volumetric ow is necessary in order to providegreater accuracy than the bulk cargo calculation.

- CO2, N2O and CH4

In-situ:

GM35 in combination with

FLOWSIC100

Cold extractive: GMS800


Additional areas of application

Systems for biological processing of waste Surface treatment with organic substances Crematoria, cremations Mining

SICK also offers custom emissions moni-

toring and measurement solutions for

many other industries.

Industries and Solutions


8/32



Technologies and Measuring Principles

Analysis technology made in Germany

SICK has optimal customization solutions for an extremely wide ranging spectrum of

plant conditions and for solving complex measurement tasks. This includes in-situ and

extractive measurement technology based on powerful measurement principles bothfor individual sampling points as well as for complete systems.

In-situ gas analysisInnovative in-situ measurement technology for direct

installation in devices at the respective measurement site.

The analyzers measure in-situ, i.e. directly at the measure-

ment site under system conditions and are available as

a device solution. They are characterized primarily by their

minimal maintenance requirements and extremely short

response times. SICK's in-situ analyzers are available in

two different versions:

The cross-duct version for representative measuredresults across the entire duct diameter

The measuring probe version, optimized for single-sided installation allowing simple integration intoan extremely varied range of system conditions. Forexample, overpressure, wet gases and extremely high

measured gas concentrations and dust loads.

Extractive gas analysisSICK's extractive gas analyzers can be used in a broad

range of applications. They work according to extractive

principles, in other words, a partial gas flow is extracted

from the gas duct and is fed to the analyzer module under

constant conditions. Everything is optimally designed for

the measurement task, from gas sampling via selected

sensors and optimized gas conditioning, through to the

selection of numerous analyzer modules.

Hot extractive measurement technologyAll components which come into contact with the mea-

sured gas are heated, thereby ensuring they are above the

dew point. The actual analysis is undertaken under con-

stant hot measurement conditions and delivers precise

measurement results, even with extremely narrow measur-

ing ranges. Ideal for detection of numerous gas compo-

nents as well as water soluble components such as HCl,

HF or NH3.

Cold extractive measurement technologyGas sampling can be realized with either heated or

unheated sample gas lines. Gas drying is achieved with

a high-performance gas cooler. The "cold" measurement

is handled by the analyzer.

Benets:

Continuous and direct measurement, no sampling The cross-duct version for representative measured

results or measuring probe version for simple

installation

GMP measuring probe with open measuring gap orGPP gas diffusion probe

Benets:

Optimally congurable analyzer modules for a widerange of applications

Customized solutions designed for numerous pos-sible measuring components

Precise and reliable measured results thanks toproven measuring principles

Detection of aggressive, corrosive or combustiblegases


9/32



Technologies and Measuring Principles

Dust measurement via laser-

based back-scattering technology

This measurement principle devel-oped by SICK based on back-scatter-

ing of light enables the measurement

of even minute concentrations of

dust. A laser diode irradiates the dust

particles in the measured medium

with modulated light in the visible

spectrum. The light scattered by the

particles is picked up by a highly sen-

sitive detector, which then feeds the

measured signal to an evaluation unit

for processing.

The compensation of backgroundradiation and ambient light, automat-

ic testing of zero point and reference

point as well as a soiling check mean

the system delivers stable and repro-

ducible measurement results.

Sophisticated measurement tasks,

for example, in hot or aggressive

measurement media are therefore

no longer a problem.

- DUSTHUNTER product family,Page 25

UV resonance absorption spec-troscopy (UVRAS)

SICK uses cold-extractive processphotometers equipped with the UVresonance absorption measurement

spectroscopy measurement principle

(UVRAS). The system makes use ofthe fact that certain gases exhibit

specific absorption characteristics in

the ultraviolet spectrum. In order to

achieve this, the measured gas is irra-

diated with ultraviolet light.

The concentration o f gas compo-

nents can then be determined

through selective use of the wave-length and measurement of the

absorption. In this manner the analyz-

er is able to measure gas concentra-

tions of, for example, NO, NO2, NH

3,

SO2

and H2S by means of interference

filter correlation (IFC).

The gas filter correlation (UVRAS) isused for extremely precise measure-

ment of NO.

- GMS800, Page 21

Atom-absorption spectroscopy

based on the Zeeman effect

An Hg-discharge lamp emits anelement-specific spectrum, which

enables an extremely sensitive level

of mercury measurement. A magnetic

field applied around the discharge

lamp creates an additional reference

value wavelength (the Zeeman

effect), which lies outside of the

absorption range of Hg atoms. This

means that cross sensitivities and

lamp aging or contamination is opti-

mally compensated for. A high tem-

perature converter converts thebound Hg at approximately 1000 C

into elemental Hg.

The advantages of this are that no

chemicals or catalyzes are required,

maintenance is minimal and there

are no moving parts. The patented

direct Hg measurement system

makes the MERCEM300Z into a refer-

ence device for continuous mercury

analysis.

- MERCEM300Z, Page 21

Additional measuring principles and evaluation methods Interference lter correlation, gas lter correlation Absorption (NDIR, NDUV) UV spectroscopy DOAS evaluation methods FTIR spectroscopy Zirconium dioxide (ZrO

2ow sensor)

Absorption spectrometry (UV) Paramagnetic/electrochemical (O

2)

Flame ionization detectors (FID) Zeeman atom absorption spectroscopy (ZAAS) Particle absorption (visible wavelength range) Particle scattering / scattered light measurement Gravimetric analysis Ultrasonic propagation time delay measurement PT1000, piezo-resistive

Sender/receiver unit

Detectors

Triple reector

Cell

Detector

Hg-lamp

Referencecell

Measuringcell

Filter unit

Beam splitter

UV lamp

Measuring volumes

Emitted beam


10/32

E M I S S I O N M E A S U R E M E N T T E C H N O L O G Y | S I C K1 0 8014933/2012-03


The wall-mounted housings as

well as the pressure-resistant

encapsulated housings are

optimized for use in hazardous areas.

Systems and Project Engineering

Everything from stand-alone devices through to complete analyzer systems

SICK is able to supply application-oriented applications through a combination of its

extensive product range of analyzers and comprehensive experience. In addition to the

tailor-made designs, we also offer a range of cost-optimized standard solutions, suchas the standardized 19" rack or system housing, compact plug-and-play analyzer sys-

tems as well as the MAC800 modular complete system for all emission-typical mea-

surement tasks. Beyond system components, we also engineer complete gas analyzer

systems, for example, ready-to-use analyzer containers including the entire peripheral

equipment.

DevicesThe GMS800 product family with its

standardized 19 housing or opti-

mized system housings for cabinetinstallation are available for efficient

and cost-effective system integration.

Compact systemsCompact analyzer systems with

extremely straightforward handling,

trouble-free installation and commis-sioning on site with very low mainte-

nance requirements. Additionally

equipped with modern communica-

tion options, such as Ethernet, Mod-

bus or GPRS modem, these systems

are suitable for remote monitoring of

the entire emission monitoring sys-

tem and are thereby pre-equipped

for future requirements.

Complete systemsThese modular complete systems

with high-quality serial modules and

components can be optimized tomeet specific requirements thanks

to their customizable design.

MAC800modular complete system

MAC800 PowerCEMSplug-and-play analyzer system

GMS820pressure-resistant

encapsulated

housing

GMS81019" rack housing

GMS830system integration housing

GMS815wall-mounted housing


11/32

E M I S S I O N M E A S U R E M E N T T E C H N O L O G Y | S I C K 1 18014933/2012-03


Systems and Project Engineering

Custom planning and engineeringPlanning and engineering at SICK is combined with

decades of experience in the field of emissions monitoring

of all kinds. Regardless of whether the application is in

a power plants or under difficult conditions in a hazardous

area of a refinery SICK's engineers plan and design tai-

lor-made solutions suitable for your specific requirements

using the latest CAD systems. In doing so, not only is the

latest technology in analyzers and sample conditioning

deployed, but also state-of-the-art communications con-

cepts. All products are designed in accordance with the

applicable international and national standards.

An experienced project management team and worldwide

service organization is available to the customer not only

for commissioning, but also to ensure reliable and sus-

tained operation of the system.

Skills All required technologies from a single source Comprehensive product spectrum for all requirements Solutions for all measurement tasks and statutory

requirements

Cost-optimized standard solutions

Application-oriented complete systems Ready-to-use analysis containers, tailor-made to meet

your customer specications

Ready-to-use analyzer containersTailor-made designs including the complete range of

peripheral equipment with component application consult-

ing and comprehensive project management.


12/32



Remote diagnosticsRemote access to devices and systems can be realized

online via:

SICK's own remote diagnostics unit RDU via an ana-log telephone, cellular network or Ethernet network

connection

The FastViewer Desktop Sharing System with conve-nient remote access for remote diagnostics, remote

maintenance and online support on the customer's PC.

Also through rewalls for effective help thanks to rapidviewing of the content of your screen.

TCP/IP

Internet

System

networkMeasuring device

Connectivity always well connected with SICK

Current data via standardized communication

SICK's products come with a standardized data communications system for digital

controllers, in order that all data, measured values and parameters are available at

all times and can be conveniently visualized and processed. Moreover, this is availablecross-system from your own system network. As a result, you are able to elegantly

access installations in remote areas.

OperationThe operation of analyzers and systems is undertaken:

directly from the analyzer's operating unit via a controller, enabling visualization and conguration

for numerous analyzers

remotely via Ethernet or a mobile network with SOPAS ET, SICK's own visualization and congura-tion application

Signals, interfaces and protocols Analog and digital signals Interfaces:

Serial interfaces such as RS-232/RS-485/RS-422 Ethernet network OPC

Protocols:

Modbus or Modbus TCP

Analyzers and Systems

OPC

Ethernet

Modbus

Ethernet/RS-485

I/O

analog, digital

Data acquisition and processing systems


13/32



Connectivity always well connected with SICK

Measuring systems

Operational

management level

Dust

Flow

Controller

Data Acquisition Systems

Remote diagnostics

Gas components

Operational monitoring

In-situ gas analysis

Referenceparameters

Ethernet

Ethernet

Extractive gas analysis

Analyzer systems

OPC server

Remote diagnostics,

remote maintenance

Ethernet

Optional

ERP-system,

plant management system

Temperature, pressure


14/32




Service for all your plant and measurement system

requirements

Analyzers and measurement systems supply monitoring and control-relevant informa-

tion and protect people and systems. When optimally integrated and maintained,

these components and systems guarantee safe processes, constant product quality

and protect people and the environment.

From the outset and over many years, SICK LifeTime Services offer suitable ser-

vices for all aspects of your measurement systems and plants: from planning and

conception, commissioning and operation through to conversions and upgrades.

Over 60 years of experience in the eld and industrial expertise makes us a compe-

tent partner for the specic requirements of our customers.

Services and Consulting always well advised with SICK

Modernization and

retrotting

Software or rmware

Customization of measuring

ranges

Expansion for additional

measuring components

Product and system

support

Acceptance prior to delivery

On-site commissioning and trouble-

shooting

Technical support

Spares / wearing parts

Checking and

optimization

On-site acceptance

System maintenance

Logbook maintenance

System support

Training and advanced

training

Operation & handling

Maintenance

Device software

Statutory regulations, guidelines

and directives

Consulting and

Design

Application consulting

Planning services

Project management

Project and customer

documentation


15/32




Services and Consulting always well advised with SICK


16/32



Requirements of Emission MeasurementSystems

Selection of a continuous emission measurement system

10 steps to a suitable emission measurement system

The selection of a continuous emission measurement system

(CEMS) is not a simple process. General inquiries for the low-

est initial investment can work out to be the most expensive

solution when viewed over the entire operational lifetime.Unfortunately there is no generally-applicable rule that can

be applied, as individual requirements relating to the respec-

tive industrial plant can have a major impact on the suit-

ability and all important costs of the CEMS technology under

consideration.

Production industries such as the power-supply industry or

the cement industry are generally subject to dened regula-

tions and laws governing the reduction of emissions. They

are able to select from a broad range of continuous emissionmeasurement systems. The operational lifetime of a CEMS is

typically more than 10 years. The operating costs can amount

to up to three times the cost of the initial investment, depend-

ing on the selected measurement technology (in-situ, cold or

hot extractive) and the mix of measurement principles used.

1

What process parameters and gas compo-

nents are to be monitored in the systemand what measuring ranges are required?

The number and type of components to be monitored and

recorded in accordance with the requirements of environmen-

tal authorities determines the selection of a suitable CEMS

system.

Is a complete list of measuring components and param-eters as well as the required measuring ranges and toler-

ances available?

Must reference parameters such as temperature, pres-sure, moisture or O

2content be measured?

Determination of particle concentrations, opacity or mass

ow required?

2What conformities and regulations apply to

emissions monitoring?

Generally, the respective reporting system is de-

rived from national regulations or international specications

such as those from the EU or EPA in the US.

What national regulations and standards apply? Is it necessary to take international standards such as EU

directives or US EPA standards into consideration?

Do additional specications apply to certain measuringtechnology due to specic plant requirements?

3Are new regulations expected, which could

inuence emissions trading or reporting?

Environmental legislation is forcing the trend to-

wards a sustainable and environmentally aware economy. For

this reason, it should be possible to adapt or retrot the CEMS

system for possible future requirements.

For example, additional monitoring of HCI and mercury inthe cement production industry.

4

Have the operating conditions on-site been

clarifed?Aggressive gas components can inuence the opera-

tion and reliability of CEMS systems when using alternative fuels.

What fuel is currently used or is to be deployed in the nearfuture?

When using alternative fuels, does the system meet the strin-gent thermal requirements for monitoring waste treatment

processes?

5What sources exist that can lead to the

production of critical gas components?

If critical gas components are produced, such as or-

ganic compounds, NH3, chlorine or sulfur, the CEMS system must

be able to reliably measure these components, even in higher

concentrations.

6Are the operating conditions to remain

constant for the entire operational lifetime of

the CEMS system?

Gas cleaning plants such as DeNOxor wet scrubbers signicantly

reduce the amount of pollutants. However, higher NH3concentra-

tions due to the addition of ammonia or carbamide as well as

deviations in temperature and moisture can signicantly reduce

the availability and operational lifetime of the measuring system.

7What is the total cost of operation, not merely

the cost of acquisition?

The operational lifetime of a CEMS is typically more

than 10 years. The actual operating costs can amount to more

than triple the cost of acquisition, depending on the selected mea-

suring technology. The following is to be taken into consideration:

Composition of the CEMS, incl. gas sampling and conditioning Consumables / additives and spare parts Maintenance and service intervals


17/32



Requirements of Emission MeasurementSystems

Measuringcomponent

Measuringprinciple

Measuredvalue

In-situ Extractive

Hot Cold

Dust Scattered

light

Particle

concentra-

tion

m m

Transmis-

sion

m

Opacity Transmis-

sion

Opacity m

Volume

owUltra sound Volume

owm

Gases ZrO2-sensor O

2m m

Paramag-

netic

m

Electro-

chemical

m

NDIR CO, CO2m

NO (NOx) m

SO2

m

NDUV NO, NO2 m

SO2, NH

3

1) m

Filter

correlation

H2O m m

CO, CO2

m m

NO, NO2

m

HCl, NH3

m

UV DOAS NO, NO2

m

SO2

(NH3) m

TDLS O2

m m

HCl, H2O m m

NH3, H

2O m m

HF, H2O m m

FTIR H2O m

CO, CO2

m

NO, NO2

m

HCl, NH3

m

HF m

FID VOC m

ZAAS Hg m

Other Transmitter T, p m

1) Only with heated sampling technology

8

What are the requirements for operation

and maintenance of the CEMS system?In accordance with European quality standards,

the CEMS must exhibit veriable availability in the eld of

higher than 95%, including all maintenance and testing cycles.

Critical points include:

Gas conditioning in the event of condensate or acid formingcomponents?

Downtime caused by lter exchange or gas extraction?

9What conditions are given at the operating

site?

The availability of consumables / spare parts andadditives is extremely important for industrial plants which

are difcult to access (oil platforms, gas compressor stations,

plants in climatically extreme areas).

It remote diagnostics and remote maintenance via GPRSor Internet possible for achieving targeted deployment of

specialist personnel?

What environmental conditions, for example, temperaturedeviations, etc. are applicable?

10What performance is your CEMS system

supplier able to deliver in relation to require-

ments?

A supplier of CEMS systems should be able to provide effective

decision-making support in nding a suitable solution. The re-

alization of individual measurement tasks in combination with

competent service should be the decisive factor, not the possi-

bly limited range of technical options provided by a specic sup-

plier. SICK is characterized by decades of proven competence,

a complete product portfolio and numerous services in the eld

of emissions measurement.


18/32

Gas Analyzers

E M I S S I O N M E A S U R E M E N T T E C H N O L O GY | S I C K 8014933/2012-03


1 8

In-situ gas analyzers

GM32 GM35

Direct measurement of aggressive gases Efcient control of combustion processes anddehydration plants

Technical data

Measuring principle UV spectroscopy Gas lter correlation, interference lter correlation

Measuring components NH3, NO, NO

2, SO

2CO, CO

2, H

2O

TUV-approved measuredvalues

NO, SO2

CO, CO2, H

2O

max. number of measuredvalues

4 3

Process temperature 0 C to +550 Chigher temperatures available on request

0 C to +430 Chigher temperatures available on request

Process pressure 60 hParelative

250 hPa

depending on type and purge air supply

Ambient temperature 20 C to +55 C 40 C to +55 Cother temperatures available on request

Conformities 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm-SchV.), GOST, MCERTS, U.S. EPA conform, EN 14181,

EN 15267-3, 27. BImSchV.

2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm-

SchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, EN 14181, GOST,MCERTS

Enclosure rating IP 65

IP 69K

IP 66 / NEMA 4x

Device versions Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version

Note The scope of delivery depends on application andcustomer specications.

The scope of delivery depends on application and

customer specications.

At a Glance

Up to 6 measuring components at the sametime (incl. gas pressure and temperature)

Automatic self-test function (QAL3) withouttest gases

Several independent measuring ranges withautomatically optimized precision possible

Direct measurement without sampling Reliable measuring results at high dust

concentrations

Dynamic humidity correction Fast in-situ measurement directly in

the process

Simultaneous determination of up to threegas components, temperature and pressure

No gas sampling and conditioning Gas testable version of measuring probe

available

Integrated self test and control functions

Detailed information -mysick.com/en/GM32 -mysick.com/en/GM35


19/32

Gas Analyzers

E M I S S I O N M E A S U R E M E N T T E C H N O L O G Y | S I C K8014933/2012-03


1 9

GM700 GM901 ZIRKOR302

Greater efciency of process analysis even under difcult conditions

Reliable CO measurement for emission

monitoring and process control

Accurate and rapid oxygen measurement

for optimization of industrial processes

Diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) Gas lter correlation zirconium dioxide sensor

HCl, HF, NH3, O

2CO O

2

HF O2

1 1 1


0 C to +430 Cdepending on calibration

Stainless steel sensor: 0 C to +700 C

Inconel sensor: 0 C to +950 C

Ceramic sensor: 0 C to +1400 C

250 hPa

depending on type and purge air supply

30 hPa

depending on purge air supply

700 hPa to 1.100 hPa

40 C to +50 C

four congurable ranges20 C to +55 C 20 C to +55 C

2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG

(17. BImSchV.)

Type examination (TUV) 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., GOST,

EN 14181

IP 65 / NEMA 4x IP 65 / NEMA 4x IP 65 / NEMA 4x

Measuring probe version, cross-duct version Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version Ejector type, pump type

The scope of delivery depends on application

and customer specications.





High selectivity due to high spectralresolution

Short response times No calibration required No moving parts: minimal wear and

tear

No gas sampling and conditioningrequired

Representative measurement acrossthe duct

Operation via evaluation unit Short response times Veriable with gas-lled cell;

gas testable probe with test gas

All parts in contact with gas areheated

Automatic testing and adjustmentwith ambient air

Fixed physical zero point Short response time Operation of up to 3 sensors via one

evaluation unit

-mysick.com/en/GM700 -mysick.com/en/GM901 -mysick.com/en/ZIRKOR302


20/32

Gas Analyzers



2 0

Extractive Gas Analyzers

GMS800 SIDOR

Tailor-made gas analysis for process and emission

monitoring

Sets standards for extractive photometers

Technical data

Measuring principle NDUV-spectroscopy, NDIR-spectroscopy, interferencelter correlation, paramagnetic dumbbell principle,electromagnetic cell, thermal conductivity measure-

ment, ame ionization detection

NDIR-spectroscopy, paramagnetic dumbbell principle,

electromagnetic cell

Measuring components Ar, SO2, CHClF

2, CHCl

2F, CH

2Cl

2, CH

4, CH

3OH, CO,

COCl2, CO

2, CS

2, CO+CO

2, C

2H

2, C

2H

2F

4, C

2H

4, C

2H

6,

SF6, C

3H

6, (CH

3)

2CO, C

3H

8, C

4H

10, C

4H

6, C

6H

4Cl

2, C

5H

12,

O2, C

6H

14, C

7H

16, COS, He, H

2, H

2O, H

2S, NH

3, NO, NO

2,

N2O, Cl

2, C

ges, additional components available on

request

CH4, CO, CO

2, NO, N

2O, O

2, SO

2


CO, CO2, CH

4, NO, NO

2, O

2, SO

2CO, NO, SO

2, O

2


8 3

Process temperature Input analyzer: 0 C to +45 C Input analyzer: 0 C to +45 C

Process pressure Hosed gas lines: 200 hPa to 300 hPa

Piped gas lines: 200 hPa to 1,000 hPa

200 hPa to 300 hPa

relative

Ambient temperature +5 C to +45 C +5 C to +45 C

Conformities 2000/76/EC (17. BImSchV.), 2001/80/EG (13. BIm-SchV.), 27. BImSchV., EN 15267-3, EN 14181,

TA Luft, ATEX, GOST, MCERTS

2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft,GOST, MCERTS, ATEX, EN 14181

Enclosure rating GMS810: IP 40

GMS815: IP 65 / NEMA 4x

GMS820P: IP 65

GMS830, GMS831: IP 30

IP 20

Device versions 19" rack, wall mounting housing, pressure resistantencapsulated housing, system integration module

19" rack




At a Glance

6 different analyzer modules 4 different types of enclosures Measuring principles: NDIR, NDUV, UVRAS,

thermal conductivity measurement, ame

ionization detection, paramagnetic and

electrochemical O2 measurement

Gas module with sample gas pump and/orcontrol sensors

New enclosure type for easy and quickintegration in analyzer systems

Remote diagnosis via Ethernet with softwareSOPAS ET

Detector with high long-term stability Paramagnetic or electrochemical oxygen

measurement

Automatic adjustment with component-freeambient air

Insensitive to contamination

Detailed information -mysick.com/en/GMS800 -mysick.com/en/SIDOR


21/32

Gas Analyzers



2 1

MCS100FT MERCEM300Z FID3006

Emission monitoring everything under

control with advanced, high-end technology

Innovative measurement of mercury in

ue gasesPortable analyzer for measurement of

volatile organic components

FTIR-spectroscopy, zirconium dioxide sensor,

ame ionization detectionZeeman atom absorption spectroscopy Flame ionization detection

CH4, CO, CO

2, HCl, HF, H

2O, NH

3, NO, NO

2,

N2O, O

2, SO

2, C

org

Hg, Hg compounds, Hg total Corg

CO, CO2, SO

2, NO, NO

2, N

2O, HCl, HF, CH

4,

H2O, O

2, NH

3, C

org

Hgges

Corg

13 1 1

Input analyzer: +200 C 0 C to +200 C 0 C to +240 C

900 hPa to 1200 hPa 900 hPa to 1100 hPa 100 hPa

relative

Standard: +5 C to +35 C

with cooling device: +5 C ... +50 C

20 C to +50 C 0 C ... +40 C

2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG

(17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV.

2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG

(17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV.,

U.S. EPA conform

2. BImSchV., 2000/76/EC (17. BImSchV.),

MCERTS, U.S. EPA conform, EN 14181

IP 43

IP 54

Option

IP 55 IP 20

Steel sheet cabinet Aluminum cabinet Portable device


and customer specications.The scope of delivery depends on application

and customer specications.The scope of delivery depends on application


Lowest approved HF measuringrange of 0 to 3 mg/m

Automatic spectrum adjustment viaAutoVAL for reliable measured values

Operation via touchscreen Sample gas transport by an ejector

without moving parts

Approved according to EN15267-3 Remote control and diagnosis via

software SOPAS ET

Automatic adjustment, backushingand lter cleaning

Lowest measuring range of 10 g Accurate measurement of total mer-

cury directly in a thermal converter

(patented)

Measuring operation without usingconsumables

Very low maintenance gas samplingusing an ejector pump no moving

parts

Integrated adjustment cell for auto-matic drift correction

Automatic adjustment of the entiremeasuring system with a built-in test

gas generator (option)

Automatic fuel-gas and pump switch-off in case of ame failure

Only 15 minutes warm-up time untiloperational readiness

Integrated temperature controller forheated sample gas line

Connections with quick connectorsor bayonet latches

Supporting frame with requiredgases in small cylinders

Approved for continuous emissionmonitoring

-mysick.com/en/MCS100FT -mysick.com/en/MERCEM300Z -mysick.com/en/FID3006


22/32

Analyzer systems



2 2

Analyzer Systems

MCS100E MAC800

Emission and raw gas monitoring

with hot measuring technology

Modular, complete system for extractive gas analysis

Technical data

Measuring principle Gas lter correlation, interference lter correlation,zirconium dioxide sensor

In accordance with the integrated GMS800 analyzer

modules

Measuring components CH4, CO, CO

2, HCl, H

2O, NH

3, NO, NO

2, N

2O, O

2, SO

2Ar, SO

2, CHClF

2, CHCl

2F, CH

2Cl

2, CH

4, CH

3OH, CO,

COCl2, CO

2, CS

2, CO+CO

2, C

2H

2, C

2H

2F

4, C

2H

4, C

2H

6,

SF6, C

3H

6, (CH

3)

2CO, C

3H

8, C

4H

10, C

4H

6, C

6H

4Cl

2, C

5H

12,

O2, C

6H

14, C

7H

16, COS, He, H

2, H

2O, H

2S, NH

3, NO, NO

2,

N2O, Cl

2, additional components available on request


CO, CO2, HCl, NO, NH

3, SO

2, O

2, H

2O CO, NO, NO

2, NO

x, SO

2, CO

2, O

2, N

2O, CH

4


8 8

Process temperature Input analyzer system: 0 C to +220 C

Process: 0 C to +1300 C

Process: +1000 C

Input analyzer system: +200 C

Process pressure 900 hPa to 1.100 hPa

Ambient temperature +5 C to +35 C Standard: +5 C to +35 C

with cooling device: +5 C ... +50 C

Conformities 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm-SchV.), GOST, MCERTS, U.S. EPA conform

EN 15267-3, EN 14181, 2001/80/EC (13. BIm-

SchV.), 2000/76/EC (17. BImSchV.)

Enclosure rating IP 43other enclosure ratings available on request IP 54

Device versions Steel sheet cabinet Steel sheet cabinet, glass-ber reinforced plasticcabinet




At a Glance

Extractive measurement of up to 8 IR-activegas components

Additional oxygen and total hydrocarbonanalyzer as option

Gas lines heated throughout Sample gas infeed on gas sampling sensor

or analyzer

Backushing of gas sampling sensor forlter cleaning

Rapid measured gas exchange to minimizeadsorption and desorption processes

Automatic sample point switching Types MCS100E HW (hot extractive),

MCS100E PD (permeation dryer) and

MCS100E CD (cold extractive)

Cold-extractive analyzer system certied ac-cording to EN 15267-3

Plug-and-play analyzer modules with 24 Vpower supply

Operating unit for displaying all measuredvalues and status information on a touch

screen

External sensors via interfaces connectable Display and monitoring of external sensors

possible

Remote control of the complete system viaEthernet, Modbus or optional GPRS modem

Detailed information -mysick.com/en/MCS100E -mysick.com/en/MAC800


23/32

Analyzer systems



2 3

MKAS MAC800 PowerCEMS

The automatic measuring device for emissions measurement Compact analyzer system for emissions measurement in coal-redpower plants and gas-steam combination power plants

In accordance with the integrated S700 analyzer modules In accordance with the integrated GMS830 analyzer modules

CH4, CO, CO

2, NO, NO

2, N

2O, O

2, SO

2NO, NO

2, CO, CO

2, SO

2, O

2

In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules


Input analyzer system: 0 C to +200 C


depending on sampling probe

Input analyzer system: 0 C to +200 C


depending on sampling probe


without being subjected to direct sunlight

with cooling device: +5 C to +50 C


without being subjected to direct sunlight


Standard: IP 54With cooling device: IP 34

for outer cooling circuit

Standard: IP 54for outer cooling circuit

Steel sheet cabinet, glass-ber reinforced plastic cabinet Steel sheet cabinet

The scope of delivery depends on application and customer

specications.The scope of delivery depends on application and customer

specications.

Up to 3 analyzers S710 or SIDOR or NOxconverter

Includes all important system components Test gas infeed via the gas sampling probe High-performance measuring gas cooler Measuring gas bypass Wired and tested ready for operation

Certied system according to current EU regulations ina single compact analyzer cabinet

Cost-effective solution for simultaneous NO/NO2

measure-

ment due to embedded DEFOR analyzer module

(no NOx

converter)

Trouble-free installation and fast commissioning ofthe automatic measuring system (AMS)

Extremely low maintenance requirements due to clearseparation of electrical and analyzer modules

Remote access via Ethernet or Modbus connection

-mysick.com/en/MKAS -mysick.com/en/MAC800 PowerCEMS


24/32

Product family overview



2 4

Dust Measuring Devices

DUSTHUNTER T DUSTHUNTER SB

The type approved transmissiometer

with self-alignment function

The type approved dust measuring device

with reverse scattered light measurement

Technical data

DUSTHUNTER T DUSTHUNTER SB

Measuring principle Transmittance measurement Scattered light backward


1 1

Process temperature 25 C to +600 C 25 C to +600 C

Process pressure 50 hPa to 30 hPa 50 bar to 30 hPaother pressure ranges available on request

Ambient temperature Standard: 25 C to +60 C

For MCU with purge air unit: 25 C to +45 C

Standard: 25 C to +60 C

For MCU with purge air unit: 25 C to +45 C

Conformities 2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm-SchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, EN 14181,

EN 15267-3, MCERTS

2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm-

SchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, EN 14181,EN 15267-3, MCERTS

Enclosure rating IP 66 IP 66

Device versions Cross-duct version Version for single-sided installation

Note The scope of delivery depends on application and



customer specications.At a Glance

Integrated soiling control for sender-receiverand reector unit

Automatic self-alignment of the opticalmodules

Automatic check of zero and reference point For medium to high dust concentrations For small to large measuring distances

For very low to medium dust concentrations One-sided installation Contamination check Automatic check of zero and reference point Automatic compensation of background

radiation, therefore no light absorber

required

For medium to large duct diameters

Detailed information -mysick.com/en/DUSTHUNTER T -mysick.com/en/DUSTHUNTER S


25/32

Product family overview



2 5

DUSTHUNTER C FWE200 SHC500

Two-in-one dust measuring device with

transmittance and scattered light

measurement

Extractive scattered light technology for

measurement of dust in wet gases

Mobile measurement system for gravimetric

dust concentration measurements

DUSTHUNTER C FWE200 SHC500

Transmittance measurement, scattered light

forward

Scattered light forward Gravimetric analysis

1 1 1


PVDF sensor: 0 C to +120 CHastelloy sensor: 0 C to +220 C

Standard: 0 C to +400 CWith special sensor: 0 C to +600 C

50 hPa to 2 hPa

other pressure ranges available on request

20 hPa

relative

Standard: 25 C to +60 C

For MCU with purge air unit: 25 C to+45 C

20 C to +50 C 10 C to +50 C

2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG

(17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., EN 14181,

EN 15267-3, TA Luft, MCERTS

2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/

EG (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft,MCERTS, U.S.-EPA-conform

EN 13284-1, GOST, U.S.-EPA-conform

IP 66 System: IP 54

Electronics housing: IP 65

IP 65

Cross-duct version Extractive type Portable device







Combination of transmission andscattered light measurement

For very low to high dustconcentrations

Automatic check of zero andreference point

Double-sided contamination checkand correction

Automatic self-alignment

For medium to large duct diameters

For very low to medium dustconcentrations

Gas sampling and return combinedin one probe

Contamination check Automatic check of zero and refer-

ence point

No dust loss due to patentedsampling system

Automatic data recording and systemcontrol

Isokinetic control in real time Automatic storage and evaluation

of the measuring values

Automatic measurement of the owangle and detection of swirl effects

-mysick.com/en/DUSTHUNTER C -mysick.com/en/FWE200 -mysick.com/en/SHC500


26/32

Dust Measuring Devices



2 6

Gas ow measuring devices

Volume Flow Measuring Devices

FLOWSIC100

Volume ow measuring devices for continuous emission monitoring

Technical data

Measuring principle Ultrasonic propagation time delay measurement

Measuring components Gas velocity, gas temperature, volume ow a.c., volume ow s.c., sound velocity


1

Process temperature FLOWSIC100 M/H/PR: 40 C to +260 Chigher temperatures available on request

Process pressure -100 hPa to 100 hPa

Ambient temperature Sender-receiver unit FLSE100, controller MCU: 40 C to +60 CConformities EN 14181, TA Luft, 27. BImSchV., 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BImSchV.), EN 15267-3

Enclosure rating IP 65

Device versions Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version

Note The scope of delivery depends on application and customer specications.

At a Glance

Robust titanium transducer for long service life Measurement system without purge air Corrosion-resistant material for use with aggressive gases (option) Integrated measurement via duct diameter for types H and M Automatic operational check with zero and reference point test Types M-AC/H-AC with innovative internal cooling for use with gas temperatures up to 450 C;

no input of cooling air into the measured medium

Types PM/PH with external purge air supply to protect against severe sensor contaminationand gas temperatures up to 450 C

Probe type PR for cost-saving, single-sided installation in ductDetailed information -mysick.com/en/FLOWSIC100 CEMS


27/32




2 7


MEAC2000

Acquisition, evaluation, visualization and transmission of emission data

Technical data

Ambient temperature Data acquisition unit: 0 C to +50 C

Conformities 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., 30. BImSchV., 1999/13/EC(31. BImSchV.)

Enclosure rating Data acquisition unit: IP 20

Note The scope of delivery depends on application and customer specications.

At a Glance

Evaluation according to EU directives 2000/76/EC and 2001/80/EC Evaluation according to 13, 17, 27 and 30 BImSchV and TA Luft Integration of operating data and system states Visualization of emission and operating data Remote data transfer, remote diagnostics and remote monitoring Alarm signaling in the event of exceeding limit value tolerances

Detailed information -mysick.com/en/MEAC2000


28/32




Regulations, approval bodies and elements include:

EU directives and TV approvals with the directive relating tolarge combustion plants and gas turbine systems (2001/80/

EC),incineration and co-incineration of waste (2000/76/EC)

Quality standards for automated measuring systems(EN 14181, EN 15267)

The new industrial emissions directive 2010/75/EU for inte-grated prevention and reduction of environmental pollution.

Approval body MCERTS for Great Britain Environmental agency U.S. EPA with the American quality stan-quality stan-stan-

dards (EPA CFR 11 Part 60 and Part 75)

Japanese industrial standard JIS Standards organization GOST for Russian standards and

regulations

Chinese EPA CEP EPA standards for many other countries

Regulations and Provisions

Why measure emissions?

Action is necessary due to global warming caused by the greenhouse effect.

One important measure is to sustainable measure the emission of climate-

relevant gases in order to attain an important reference value for the efcientreduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

Moreover, locally the hazardous impact of smog, ozone and dust play a decisive

role.

In many counties there is a legislative basis for a sustained environmentally

compatible reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as laws and direc-

tives relating to the emission of pollutants. These regulations include specica-tions for technology and modes of operation for systems as well as specica-tions detailing pollutant limits permissible in released clean gas and what

measuring technology may be used for purposes of monitoring.


29/32




Purpose of emission minimization

The purpose is to protect people, ora and fauna, water,the atmosphere as well as cultural and other property

from injurious pollution, signicant negative consequencesand signicant nuisance emissions as well as to activelyprevent the formation of injurious pollution.

The environment can be protected primarily by way of

limiting emissions. Statutory limitations always represent

interference into the freedom of action of the generating

industry. For this reason, in many countries emissions may

not be limited "for their own sake", but only in accordance

with the principle of proportionality analogously to

their harmfulness (effect on the environment and human

health).

What are emissions?

Emissions in terms of the environment refer to the dis-

charge, transmission or disposal of disrupting factors into

the environment. Each emission results from an immis-

son (discharge). Emissions in the form of discharges are

comprised of toxic, harmful or environmentally hazardous

chemical substances as well as pollutants of all kinds,

irritants and allergens.

Regulations and Provisions


30/32




Glossary

A

AccuracyQualitative term for the extent of approximation of detected

results to the reference value, whereby depending on de-

termination or agreement, this may relate to the true value,approximate value or an empirical value.

AMSAutomatic Measuring System (AMS) for monitoring of emis-

sions from stationary sources, which are installed on the

plant. In the case of extractive AMS, further equipment is

included in addition to the actual measuring device (analyzer)

for purposes of sampling (e.g. probes, probe gas lines, ow

measurement, discharge pumps) and sample conditioning

(e.g. dust lter, cooler, converters).

Area of certication

The area in which the automatic measuring system (AMS) is

tested and certied in relation to maintenance of the relevant

minimum requirements.

C

Calibration

Determination of a calibration function of (temporally) limited

validity which is applied to an AMS for a specied measuring

point. A gas mixture of known composition (calibration gas,

test gas) with systematically graded contents is applied to themeasuring components.

Calibration functionFunctional ratio between the measured value, for example the

extinction and content, for example, a mass concentration.

CEM, CEMSEquipment for continuous emissions monitoring CEM and

CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring System). This term is

used largely in Great Britain and the USA for "AMS".

Cross-ductBased on principles of in-situ measuring technology, the mea-

sured values are detected contact-free by the automatic mea-

suring system (AMS) directly in the gas ow and across the

entire duct diameter (cross duct). In doing so, two measuring

devices are aligned to each other (generally a sender-receiver

unit and a reector), so that a representative measurement is

ensured for both within the same measured diameter.

D

DriftMonotone change of the calibration function in a specied

maintenance interval, leading to a change in the measured

value.

E

Emissions

Emissions in terms of the environment refer to the discharge,

transmission or disposal of disrupting factors into the

environment.

EN 14181/EN 15267

The standard EN 14181 species quality assurance levels

(QAL) for the suitability of automatic measuring systems(AMS) for corresponding measuring tasks (QAL1), the regular

calibration and validation of the AMS (QAL2), the continued

monitoring of the AMS during operation of the plant (QAL3)

as well as an annual functional test (AST).

Extractive measuring technologyEquipment and complete automated measuring systems

(AMS) for sampling, conditioning and analysis of a sample

from the gas or media being examined, undertaken at a

representative measuring point.

I

In-situ measuring technologyAutomatic measuring system (AMS) where the measurement

is carried out directly in the gas duct, without removing a

sample from the process. If the measurement is undertaken

across the diameter of the exhaust gas duct, then pollutants

are detected in a representative manner to a large extent.

Refer to cross duct.

M

Maintenance intervalMaximum permissible period of time within which the mainte-

nance of specied values relating to the process performance

data can be guaranteed, without the requirement for external

maintenance, for example, relling, calibration or adjustment.

Measured value

An assessed value derived from the measured signal relating

to the air quality characteristic. This includes usual calcula-

tions based on calibration and conversion in desired values.


31/32




Glossary

Measurement inaccuracy

A parameter, associated with the result of a measurement,

that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could be

reasonable be attributed to the measured value.

Measuring principles and measured valuesThe measuring principle makes it possible to measure

another value instead of the measured value, in order to un-

ambiguously derive the measured value from it. It is based on

a repeatable physical occurrence (phenomenon, effect) with a

known physical relationship between the measured value and

the other variable.

Measuring probe versionOptimized design of in-situ measuring AMS with xed active

measuring distance of the measuring probe, for single-side

installation at the measuring point. An automatic self-test

function (QAL3) is possible without test gases.

P

Precision

Describes the maximum deviation between independently

detected results, obtained by the tester repeatedly carrying

out a specied detection process under prescribed condi-

tions. DIN species explicitly that the detection process is

considered more accurate if it exhibits fewer "random result

deviations".

R

Reference materialSubstance or mixture of substances with known concentra-

tions in specied limits or a device with known properties.

Reference methodA measuring method used on agreement for reference pur-

poses, which delivers the recognized reference value of the

measured value. See also standard reference methods.

RepeatabilityDegree of compliance between the measured results for the

same measured value under unchanged measuring condi-

tions. See also reproducibility.

ReproducibilityDegree of compliance between the measured results for the

same measured value under identical measuring conditions.

See also reproducibility.

S

Sensitivity

Describes a change of value in the output variable of a

measuring device referred to the change of value of the input

variable which causes it.

Standard deviationPositive square root from the mean square deviation of the

arithmetical average divided by the number of degrees of

freedom.

Standard reference methods

Reference method specied for use in European or national

regulations (for example, for calibration and validation of au-

tomatic measuring systems (AMS) and for repeated measure-

ments to test for maintenance of the limit values).

Suitability testing

Describes the suitability of automatic measuring systems for

monitoring emissions from stationary sources in accordance

with the standards EN 14181 and EN 15267-3, which deal

with suitability testing and corresponding minimum require-

ments and test procedures.

T

Test gasA test gas is a gas or mixture of gases which is suitable for

purposes of calibration due to its known composition. It can

also be used for validation or verication.

Z

Zero gasGas or gas mixture of known quality (for example a compli-

mentary gas or calibration gas) which is not contained in the

measured component(s) and serves to calibrate the zero

value of a measuring device.


32/32

8014933/20

12-03JPF(2012-03)WBUSmodint37

Leading technologies

With a staff of more than 5,000 and

over 50 subsidiaries and representa-

tions worldwide, SICK is one of the

leading and most successful manufac-

turers of sensor technology. The power

of innovation and solution competency

have made SICK the global market

leader. No matter what the project and

industry may be, talking with an expertfrom SICK will provide you with an ideal

basis for your plans there is no need

to settle for anything less than the best.

Unique product range

Non-contact detecting, counting,

classifying, positioning and measur-

ing of any type of object or media

Accident and operator protection

with sensors, safety software and

services

Automatic identication with bar

code and RFID readers

Laser measurement technology fordetecting the volume, position and

contour of people and objects

Complete system solutions for analy-

sis and ow measurement of gases

and liquids

Comprehensive services

SICK LifeTime Services for safety

and productivity

Application centers in Europe, Asia

and North America for the develop-

ment of system solutions under real-

world conditions

E-Business Partner Portal

www.mysick.com price and availabi-

lity of products, requests for quotationand online orders

SICK at a glance

Worldwide presence with

subsidiaries in the following

countries:

AustraliaBelgium/LuxembourgBrasilCesk RepublikaCanadaChinaDanmarkDeutschlandEspaaFrance

Great BritainIndiaIsraelItaliaJapan

Mxico

NederlandNorgesterreichPolskaRomniaRussiaSchweizSingaporeSlovenijaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSuomiSverigeTaiwanTrkiyeUnited Arab EmiratesUSA

Please nd detailed addresses andadditional representatives and agencies

in all major industrial nations at

www.sick.com

si emissionmeasurement en v1!0!2012-03 web

Documents