sickle-cell anemia by: cliff stoutenburg chemeketa paramedic program sickle cell
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Sickle-cell anemia
By:
Cliff Stoutenburg
Chemeketa Paramedic Program
Sickle Cell
History of the disease
• Explained in 1904 by James B. Herrick
• Disease named in 1922
• High infant mortality rate, history of condition traces back to 1670s
• African americans using tar soap
• Demonstration of SCA in 1949
What is sickle-cell anemia(SCA)
• Common? – Affects 72,000 Americans – 1 in 400 African Americans have SCA
• Blood disorder – Mutation of hemoglobin – Decreases cell flexibility – Destroyed in liver/spleen
• Sickle cell traits
SCA
What is SCA, cont.
• Who does it affect?– More common in regions with high case of
malaria
• How do you get it?
– Can you get it from touching a person with it?
• Does it make carrier immune to malaria
What is SCA, cont.
• Specific form of sickle-cell disease
– Other forms of sickle-cell disease
• HbSC
Signs/Symptoms
• Signs and symptoms– Hypoxia – Increased acidity – Dehydration – SOB– Tachycardia – Delayed growth
S/S– Jaundice – Chronic abdominal pain– General weakness– Joint pain– Fever – Vomiting – Hematuria(blood in urine)
S/S
– Priapism
– Decreased fertility
– Excessive thirst
– Chest pain
Complications
• Vaso-occlusive crisis
• Severe Infections
• Spleen Crisis
• Stroke
Complications (cont.)
• Acute Chest Syndrome
• Anemia
• Aplastic Crisis
• Bone Necrosis
• Kidney Infarct
Complications (cont.)
• Renal failure
• Pulmonary Hypertension
• Congestive heart failure
• Hand and Foot Syndrome
• Cholecystitis
• Average life expectancy
Treatment • Can you be tested?
– Hemoglobin electrophoresis
• Is there a cure?– Some success with bone marrow transplant
(Blood)
Treatment
• Severe cases – Managed with opioid administration
• Diphenhydramine
– Antibiotics – Bone marrow transplants– Hydroxyurea – Vanillin– EPO– Supplement oxygen
Treatment
• Mild cases – Acetaminophen – NSAIDs– Folic acid – Supplement oxygen– Avoid extreme hot or cold weather – Avoid exertion – Stay hydrated!!!
Future treatment
• Studies – Nitric oxide – Clotrimazole – Butyric acid
Myths
• SCA contagious?
• Affects only African-Americans?
• People with SCA cannot get malaria?
Work cited page
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease
2. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html
3. http://www.mamashealth.com/sickle_cell.asp
4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=gnd.section.98
5. http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5054,00.html