siemens white paper

8/8/2019 Siemens White Paper

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Elecc Dve Desgn

whitE papEr


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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

Executive Summary ......................................................... 3

Electric Drives Design Challenges ................................... 4

Electric Drives Components Design ................................6

Electric Drives Sub-System/System-Level Design ............ 0

Benets o the Integrated Approach............................. 3

About The Companies .................................................... 3

Acknowledgements ........................................................3


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3

E X E C U T IV E S U M M A R Y

Electric drives are ound in all areas o transportationand industrial automation and cover power ranges romractional to thousands o horsepower and beyond.Design o components o electric drives systems or theeven more challenging task o designing sub-systemsor systems belonging to the electric drive applicationsarea is o great interest to many electrical engineers.

The main reason or this interest is the current trend

Fig 1. Electric drives applications

or electromechanical energy converters to replacetraditional hydraulic systems and, more generally,mechanical systems. This trend will continue and evenaccelerate due to signicant benets o weight andcost reduction, increased reliability o electrical systems,and convenient control and automation via electric andelectronic means.


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4

E L E C T R I C D R I V E S D E S IG N

C H A L L E N G E S

The trend to utilize more electric drives signicantlyimpacts the requirements users have or simulationtools.

component, sub-system and system-level simulation

are all desirable since this global approach allowsboth concentration on component perormance butalso makes possible the end-to-end simulation othe nal product;

the physical nature o the application may requirethe consideration o thermal and/or stress consequences o electromagnetic elds;

integration in the simulation environment oproductivity eatures such as parametrics sweeps,optimization, statistical analysis and distributedsolving (on computer network) provides additionalbenets to users.

The needed attention to detail requires accurate designand simulation o many components along the energyfow channel. Logical consequences o this requirementare both the need o the component-level simulationtool to communicate with the system-level simulation

tool and the consideration o thermal and stress con-sequences o electromagnetic elds at the componentlevel.

Ansot provides a unique set o integrated tools thatmakes the global design and simulation o sophisticatedelectric drive systems and components inherentlythorough, accurate and intuitive or engineers.

Fig. 2 Typical electric drive system conguration


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Fig 3. Ansots Electromechanical (EM) Integrated Solution

Maxwell is sotware or the simulation andanalysis o high-perormance electromagnetic andelectromechanical components. The sotware allowsusers to study static, requency-domain, and time-

varying electromagnetic elds in complex structures.

Simplorer is multi-domain, system simulation sotwareor the design o high-perormance electromechanicalsystems. The sotware includes a wide range omodeling techniques and statistical analysis capability,adheres to IEEE modeling standards, and allowsengineers to study design perormance o electrical,mechatronic, power-electronic, and electromechanicalsystems.

ePhysics provides the ability to perorm thermal andstress analysis and couple the results to Maxwell todetermine electrical, power dissipation and mechanicalintegrity constraints.

The ability to import high-delity component modelsrom Maxwell into Simplorer ensures accuracy at thesystem-level simulation. Additionally, the automaticdata link between Maxwell and ePhysics enables orthe simulation o thermal and stress eects o thecomponents.


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E L E C T R I C D R I V E S

C O M P O N E N T S D E S IG N

In many situations, particularly or medium voltage andhigh short-circuit current applications, majormanuacturers o vacuum-operating switching devices(Siemens, ABB, etc.) use contacts with specially shapedcontact geometries to achieve superior perormancerequired by the application. Thus, over 100,000

switching cycles can be achieved while being able toensure reliable large short-circuit current (tens o kA)interruptions o over 100 times during the lietime othe vacuum interrupter. Both radial and axial magneticeld topologies are used in such high-perormancevacuum interrupters (Fig. 4).

This superior perormance was in part due to FEMsimulation o dierent contact geometries usingparticular distribution o conductive and magneticmaterial properties. As a result, a avorable distributionand dynamics o the electric arc between contacts can

be studied and optimized. In a radial magnetic eldcontact topology, an azimuthal electromagnetic orceacting on the vacuum arc orces the arc to move overthe surace o the contact at a high speed o around 100m/s, with avorable eects on the aging o the suracesand capable o improving the reliable current

interrupting ability.

Axial magnetic elds (two- or our-pole axial magneticeld in the contact gap) congurations can be exploredwith available FEM simulation tools capable opredicting the distribution o current and magnetic eldat arbitrary locations inside the device and the phaseshit between currents and corresponding magneticelds with important consequences on the dynamic othe electric arc.

Fig. 4. Vacuum interrupters and respective contact sub-assemblies

Fig 5. Geometry and current distribution o a high-perormance electriccontact used in a vacuum interrupter operating at medium voltage


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Similar concerns regarding reliable switching and capa-bility to interrupt high short-circuit currents ace design-ers o low-voltage switching devices. For this area oswitching applications, the conguration o the device

Fig. 6 Model o circuit breaker courtesy o ABB Schweiz AG

The model in Fig. 6 exhibits an arc divider/extinguisherchamber as well as an integrated coil, both with dier-ent, distinct roles in the process o reliably interruptingthe current (normal current or short-circuit current). Forsuch devices, the distribution o magnetic eld and con-duction current is important. Fig. shows examples o

post-processing in such an application: Current densityand magnetic eld magnitudes are presented as wellas a parametric study o the orce calculation acting onthe electric arc (simulated as a cylindrical, conductingplasma channel).

(circuit breaker) is very dierent. Here, too, the concernis to use various techniques, many times a combinationo techniques aimed in essence at extracting as muchenergy as possible rom the burning electric arc.

Fig. 7a. Current density distribution and magnetic eld distributions

Fig. 7b Lorentz orce distribution on the arc and orce vs. position, parametric study


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In Fig. b, the plot represents the variation o the orceacting on the electric arc plasma as the respective elec-tric arc is attracted inside the erromagnetic walls othe extinguisher. The parametric study was perormedby using Maxwells distributed processing capability bysolving dierent variations on parallel computers.

However, in this application o equal interest are thethermal and stress consequences o electromagnetic

elds. Indeed, or both normal operation regime andault (short-circuit) regime, the thermal and stressbehavior o the device is o intense interest or design-

ers. To extend the simulation capability into the inves-tigation o the thermal and stress consequences o thecurrents fowing in the device, Maxwell is coupled withePhysics. The nature o the coupling is dynamic in thesense that once the communication channel has beenestablished between the two desktops, needed datafows automatically and allows the adaptive meshingtechnology to be used in both. For this reason, since themeshes in the two-coupled model may be dierent, an

adequate mapping is used and applicable or the powerloss density as well as or the orce distribution, respec-tively, depending on the application.

Fig. 8 The principle o Maxwell and ePhysics coupling or steady-state electromagnetics

The coupling between the Maxwell and ePhysics desk-tops is much more general than the situation presentedin Fig. and covers all types o electromagnetic solu-tions rom static ones to transient ones. Also note thatthe dynamic datalink technology used or the couplingallows parameter mapping between coupled designs

such that the ull automatic nature o the coupling canbe used even in complex parametric sweeps.

Using the technology sketched above, Figs. a and bpresent the temperature distribution and deormationrespectively o the parts o interest.

Fig. 8a Temperature distribution, thermalsteady-state simulation

Fig. 8b. Thermal deormation o the current path,deormation is amplied or visualization using a

convenient scale


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Inductors are used in many electric drives applications.Inductors may be used as part o lters to provide cur-rent smoothing eects or di/dt limitations as needed bythe application. Their design involves an electromagnet-

ic analysis phase, but thermal and/or stress eects alsomay be investigated. Shunts, used mainly or DC currentmeasurements, are modeled in a similar way. Typicalexamples o inductor geometries are presented in Fig.

Fig. 9 Dierent inductor geometries; let: quarter model, right: high current, ull model

Inductor modeling (as the modeling o many otherelectromagnetic devices) is possible rom a dual per-spective: a component analysis using a eld solution(Maxwell with or without coupling with ePhysics) butalso rom the perspective o exporting the electromag-netic essence o the device as an equivalent circuit witheld eects. Thus, using the ECE eature available in

Maxwell, inductance and resistance o components canbe exported in a convenient ormat or sub-system/sys-tem-level analysis in Simplorer. Fig.10 shows how suchequivalent models with eld eect can be exportedrom Maxwell or use in a sub-system or system-levelsimulation together with other components.

Fig. 10 Equivalent circuit export panel (Maxwell -> Simplorer)


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Using the Maxwell-to-ePhysics datalink, the power-lossdensity distribution is mapped rom the eddy-currentsolution to the thermal transient model. The respectivetemperature distributions at user-selected times are

Fig. 11 Eddy current -> thermal transient -> stress daisy-chained simulation

then used to obtain a sequence o static stress solutionsusing the respective ePhysics stress solver. The results othis chained example are shown in Fig. 11.

Note that in the above example, each o the steady/static solvers is using its own adaptive meshingsolution (as set by the user) while the thermal transientsimulation is perormed with xed mesh (nal mesh in

the eddy-current solution) and its own adaptive time-stepping algorithm.

In many drives applications (particularly in large power),the role o the power transormer can be very complex.Let us consider the sophisticated medium-voltageHarmony drive rom Siemens AG, Fig. 1.

Fig. 12 Medium voltage Harmony drive system

To achieve the needed medium voltage, the abovesolution uses a power transormer with many ( 1) phase shited secondary windings and a seriesconnection o power cells to reach the input/output

power quality parameters and the desired levelo voltage to be applied to the motor. There is noadditional reactance between transormer and cell,so the commutating inductance o the diode bridgeis entirely due to the leakage inductance o thetransormer. This creates an interesting design problem,as the transormer losses are greatly aected by theharmonic content o the secondary windings.For the electromagnetic design o the transormer,

Maxwell is used to produce a very large inductancematrix. In an 1 secondary winding transormer, thereare at least 3 coils, giving a matrix with 666 couplingactors. This very large equivalent circuit (the inductance

matrix) is then exported to Simplorer or urtheranalysis o the system. Other transient simulations areperormed in Maxwell using the harmonic spectrumpredicted rom the Simplorer simulation (see paragraphD or more ino).

The thermal simulation o such large units (1,100 KVAin this case) is also a challenge. Fig. 13 shows a typicalsituation with orced air cooling used.


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Fig. 13. 1,100 KVA power transormer unit with six orced convection channels per phase

Thus, the thermal modeling o this application makesuse o sophisticated orced convection boundaryconditions in ePhysics that are based on customer-supplied measurements o air velocities in all convection

channels in the model. Examples o measuredtemperatures and the respective match with simulationresults are presented in Fig. 14.

AB

C

AB

C

AB

C

AB

C

Fig. 13. 1,100 KVA power transormer unit with six orced convection channels per phase

Temp Rise A B C

Measured 6 6.1 .3

Simulated 0.6 0. 0.

A good match was also reported or the primary andsecondary winding steady-state temperature simulationwith orced/natural convection and radiation boundaryconditions (as applicable, depending on location).

Medium-voltage transormers pose other designchallenges as well. For example, the model shown inFig. 1 is analyzed rom an electrostatic eld simulationperspective.


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For this application, the requirement o simulating withhigh accuracy the maximum level o electric eld incritical areas leads to the need to model real curvaturesin the respective regions and perorm adequatemeshing such that the magnitude o the electric eldsin the respective regions is adequately and realistically

simulated. Using specic geometry modeling andapplying mesh operations in Maxwell, the subsequentmodel that uses also automatic adaptive meshing iscapable o rendering the high electric eld magnitudesin the targeted regions (Fig. 16).

Fig. 15 Example o bushing application or medium/high-voltage transormer

Fig. 16 Shows main area o interest and electric eld solution superimposed on local mesh (detail)

Bus-bar systems are used in most high-power electricdrives applications. For such applications, the bus barsare capable o carrying typically hundreds to thousands

o amps, sometimes even more. Fig. 1 presents anextreme application with a system o bus bars andcables capable o carrying over 100,000 A (RMS).

Fig. 17. 150,000 Amps (peak) system used in steel smelting plant


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For such very large industrial size applications, manyaspects are o interest, rom the level o elds in theneighboring regions, adjacent biological aspects,shielding and thermal and stress simulation o such

large shield systems and o the bus-bar system itsel.However, or most drives, the usual type o bus bar usedto transer the power is contained inside a cabinet, suchas shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 18 Medium voltage electric drive cabinet (rom Siemens AG) Bus-bar capacity: 2,000 A

For this bus-bar application, the requirement is two-

old: o interest are the R, L and C o the dierentsections o the bus bar (to be used in a system-level

simulation together with other components o interest)

and the thermal and thermal stress simulation as well.

Fig. 19 Geometry o two components o the bus-bar system

The equivalent circuit parameters are extracted usingQ3D Extractor. For the thermal and stress simulation,we use Maxwell and ePhysics. Fig. 0 presents the result

o the simulation, temperature distribution and thecorresponding thermal stress under rated current fowconditions.

Fig. 20 Temperature distributions (above) and scaled deormation (below)


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Fig. 22 Power amplier circuits on a PCB

PCBs containing components, ICs, power electronicsdevices, IGBTs, FETs and SCRs, are eligible mainly orthermal (steady-state or transient) simulations. In mostcases, a stand-alone ePhysics simulation is used or thesespecic applications, but, o course, the combinationwith Maxwell also is useable in the same applications.

As an example, let us consider Fig. 1, which presentsa Maxwell (eddy current) design coupled with ePhysicsthermal steady state. The respective simulationconcentrates on the weak point o the design, the hotspot in the connecting wire, which gets to dangerouslevels o temperature.

Fig. 21 IGBT model, geometry (let) hot wire temperature (right)

For the thermal analysis o PCBs in most cases, unneeded

detail (rom a thermal perspective) is not included inthe models. PCBs with many layers o copper and FR4are modeled, or example, as thermally anisotropicstructures. ePhysics has the capability to use anisotropysettings or the material properties in both thermal and

stress solver modules. There are situations, however,

where the geometry complexity is manageable, and theproblem can be solved using its ull complexity. Such isthe case o the model shown in Fig. , exhibiting a PCBwith a ew layers o copper traces and ICs.

Stress modeling also proves necessary in some PCBapplications, such as is the case presented below, wherea bed o pins model simulation is shown. The modeluses an anisotropic setting or the material property

o the multi-layer PCB and over 00 applied points opressure. A study o placement o the anchor points isthen perormed such that deormation o the PCB iskept within specied limits.

Fig. 23 Deormation distribution simulation results example (plot o displacement magnitude)


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Electric machines are usually dicult to simulate. Thereis the question o the modeling approach to use; ananalytical approach (less accurate in general but veryast) vs. a nite element approach. Both methods arepossible in the Maxwell desktop, which integratesanalytical modeling (with RMxprt) and accurate

D/3D FEM analysis using eld solvers. The advantageo using the Maxwell desktop is that dierent levelso abstraction (and accuracy) are possible or thesimulation while making the data transer between theavailable tools quite easy, as shown in Fig. 4.

RMxprt Maxwell 2D Maxwell 3D

Intra EM Desktop communication

Fig. 24 Maxwell desktop or integrated electric machine design

RMxprt provides an ecient way o creating thechallenging geometries (D and 3D) and materialproperties setup or models exported to Maxwell.RMxprt also exports equivalent circuit models thatare used in Simplorer. There is a very similar data fowbetween Maxwell D and 3D (geometry and materialproperties), allowing ecient data transer orincreased productivity in simulation at the desired level.Maxwell includes many additional eatures or electricmachine simulation:

3D nonlinear anisotropy modeling Lamination models Core loss modeling available in transient

simulations Dynamic demagnetization computation

Non-Cartesian coordinate systems Integrated schematic capability or electric

circuits coupled with the windings o themachine

Distributed processing or large parametricsimulations

Equivalent circuits exported to SimplorerThus, the range o electric machine applications possibleto simulate using Maxwell is very large. A ew o theavailable examples are presented below. In Fig. ,

the plot on the right-hand side o the picture showsthe benet o using the multiple processor option orsolving a large stepper motor model. The timesavingswith this option become even more signicant whendeep saturation eects need to be investigated.

3,735,782 DOFs

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 1 2 3 4 5

No of Processors

Matrixsolutiontime

[min]

Series1

Fig. 25 Large magnetostatic, high-accuracy model (over 3.5 million degrees o reedom)o a stepper motor using multiple processing


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The brush-type DC motor model presented in Fig. 6makes use o commutating elements embedded inthe library o elements available or use in transientapplications. The simulation uses the capability omaking the contact resistance at the interace between

brush and commutator bar a unction o position, suchthat the respective eect is considered automaticallyduring the simulation. Mechanical elements connectedto the moving part, such as load orce/torque, inertia,and damping, can be specied during set-up.

Fig. 25 Brush-type DC motor model with commutator bar elements

Some o the results o the simulation are shown in Fig.6. Note that a whole range o results are availableor post-processing, some o which are calculatedautomatically (winding current, fux linkage, back

EMF, torque, core loss, etc.); others can be speciedas additional quantities to be calculated by the eldcalculator.

Fig. 26 DC motor (3D nonlinear transient) simulation results:winding currents, speed, torque characteristics vs. time

For electric machines, the thermal and mechanicalstress consequences are two other distinct areas thatcan now be investigated using the available couplingsbetween Maxwell and ePhysics. The ollowing exampleis the result o cooperation with Siemens AG (LargeDrives, Nuremberg, Germany) who provided the model,material properties and thermal test measurement data

or comparisons.

The synchronous, permanent magnet electric motoranalyzed rom a thermal perormance perspective hasa max o 600 KW output and is used in a completelynew gearless drive system or uture high-speed trains.The conguration in which the thermal perormance isanalyzed is presented in Figs. and .


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Fig. 27. PM motor in a direct drive conguration

Hollow-shaft

Cooling Jacket

with Spiral Channel

PM Rotor

Cooling Fluid

Winding

Inlet

Outlet

Stator

Fig. 28 PM motor conguration details


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For electric machines, the thermal and mechanicalstress consequences are two other distinct areas thatcan now be investigated using the available couplingsbetween Maxwell and ePhysics. The ollowing exampleis the result o cooperation with Siemens AG (LargeDrives, Nuremberg, Germany) who provided the model,material properties and thermal test measurement dataor comparisons.

The synchronous, permanent magnet electric motoranalyzed rom a thermal perormance perspective hasa max o 600 KW output and is used in a completelynew gearless drive system or uture high-speed trains.The conguration in which the thermal perormance isanalyzed is presented in Figs. and .

Fig.29 Symmetry model used in the thermal modeling o the PM motor

Other modeling eatures used in the thermalsimulation were the anisotropic distribution othermal conductivity o the laminations or the rotorand stator, two power levels and two inlet coolingfuid temperatures taken into account, convectiveand radiation boundary conditions used or externalsuraces, and temperature-dependent cooling fuidproperties.

Simulation o the above-described device, perormedin ePhysics, showed a good match with experimentaldata or all regions o the motor. As an example, Fig.30 presents temperature distribution in the rotor andpermanent magnets, useul inormation due to thepossible impact on the perormance o the motor.

Fig. 30 Temperature distribution in permanent magnets

The match o permanent magnets temperaturedistribution at three locations (the two ends andmiddle) was within % o the respective measured

values. The same good agreement was reported orthe windings and stator locations, showing a clearanisotropic behavior o the motor mainly due to thegradual heating o the cooling fuid mixture (0%-0%water and ethylene glycol).

In some PM electric motors (such as in embeddedPM rotor congurations) operating at high speeds,analyzing the stress and deormation due to a

combination o electromagnetic and centriugal bodyorces distributions is critical in the design process.Indeed, due to the embedded PM topology used or the

rotor in this application, or these motors, the thicknesso the bridge must be thick enough to withstand thestress due to the combined orces and yet adequatealso rom an electromagnetic perspective to alloweasy saturation o the material. These two possiblyconficting requirements must be balanced in such away that both constraints are satised. In Fig. 31, thestress and deormation distribution or such a rotoroperating at 10,000 rpm is shown.


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Fig. 31 Deormation (let) and von Mises stress (right) distributions in PM rotorunder combined electromagnetic and centriugal orce distributions

ePhysics also can be used to determine the stressdistribution or a given placement o the heavycomponents inside the drive cabinet. Fig. 3 presents

an example o such an application that provides thedisplacement distribution o the rame only whenmoved by an overhead crane in the assembly plant.

Fig. 32 Displacement distribution in the rame model


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The usage o system-level simulation or electric drivessimulation cannot be overestimated. The currentlevel o complexity in this area combined with theincreasing need or accuracy in the simulation makesthe availability o system components with eld eect

more than a trendy technology; it clearly denes aviable market. Thus, the combination o Maxwelland Simplorer, which allows the creation and use oequivalent components with eld eect, becomes a veryuseul tool in the hands o the system design engineer.Adding the possibility o using the dynamic couplingbetween Maxwell and Simplorer allows users to get aull picture o the multi-dimensionality o the couplingbetween the two desktops.

For drives applications, it becomes increasinglyimportant to model in an ecient but also accurate waythe complexity o many applications in this area. The

equivalent models o transormers, inductors, bus-barsystems and motorsto mention just a ew, all availablerom the Maxwell desktopprovide the convenience,

ease o use and needed accuracy o the system-levelanalysis o electric drives. The ollowing paragraphsprovide a ew examples along the above lines.

The example presented below shows the useulness

o having a eld solver and a system-level simulatorworking together to simulate the over-voltagesoccurring in a low-voltage drive or a PWM driven ACmotor. The model chosen or the electric cable is alow loss model, which does not take into account thedistributed (transversal) conductance o the cable. Itdoes take into account the distributed sel and mutualinductance capacitance o the cable. Resistance may alsobe included in the equivalent model. Using a numbero such cells, a model with distributed parameters isincluded in Simplorer as shown in Fig. 33 (only cellsshown) in such a way that the actual length o the cableis refected in the model. The motor model used in this

application corresponds to a 10 HP, 460 V inductionmotor.

E L E C T R IC D R IV E S S U B -

S Y S T E M /S Y S T E M -L E V E L

D E S IG N

Fig. 33 Example o a building block in the Simplorer application or the study o theconsequences o the refected waves

The combined eects o the PWM o the appliedvoltage, the distributed nature o the cable model,which exhibits a certain characteristic impedance and

the impedance mismatch with the induction motormodel, are the reason or the over-voltage predicted bythe Simplorer simulation. (Fig. 34)

Fig. 34 Motor terminal voltage plot


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The impact o the power transormer (the component-level model o the unit was presented earlier in theC. Electric Drives Components Design chapter o thispaper) on the drive assembly is very important tosimulate beore the prototype is built due to possibleconsequences. One o the advantages o the Harmonydrive is the quality o power input and output with verylow distortions. The transormer windings are usuallyextended delta congurations, with dierent numbers

o turns in the interior and exterior o the delta toachieve the necessary phase shit.

For the electromagnetic design o the transormer,Maxwell is used to produce a very large inductancematrix. In an 1 secondary winding transormer,there are at least 3 coils, giving a matrix with 666coupling actors. Fig. 3 shows a small part o the largeinductance matrix calculated by Maxwell and exportedinto Simplorer to be used in the system-level model othe variable requency drive.

Fig. 35 Inductance matrix (sel and mutual inductances) o the power transormer

The voltage amplitude and phase shits must beclosely controlled to achieve best-input harmonicresults. The task here is to obtain a transormer thathas suitable properties to unction properly in this

application and not incur excessive losses. The overalldrive model is presented in Figs. 36 and 3 and containsthe transormer equivalent circuit (inductance matrix)models o the IGBTs and the control logic.

Fig. 36 System-level model o the drive, sub-sheet containing power transormer and rectiying bridge

Fig. 37 System-level model o the drive, sub-sheet containingswitching devices and switching PWM complex logic


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Using the system-level model in Simplorer, a thoroughanalysis o the drive is perormed. Thus, the impact othe transormer design on the quality o the power isassessed. The match with measured data is excellent.

Fig. 3 shows the cell input currents as an example.The same good match is observed or the outputquantities, which conrm the very small distortingharmonic contents.

Fig. 38 Side by side measured and simulated input cell currents

Fig. 39 Output voltages and currents plot


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B E N E F IT S O F T H E

IN T E G R A T E D A P P R O A C H =

V IR T U A L L A B E N V IR O N M E N T

Ansot tools are integrated to provide the accuracyand ease o use engineers involved in the analysis anddesign o electromagnetic components and systemsrequire. Particularly or electric drives applications,the integrated approach and access to unctional

datalinks between desktops provide a comprehensivesimulation environment. Realistic, virtual tests can beperormed and complex analysis undertaken to obtaindata to validate design choices and scenarios. Theunctionality provided by the seamless integration oMaxwell, RMxprt, Simplorer and ePhysics provides multi-domain solving capability that is ideal or electric drivesapplications.

One o the signature characteristics o the integratedapproach solution is the dynamic datalink technologyused or communication between Ansot modules.Thus, once a link between any two or more desktops

has been specied, the data will fow through theuser-specied channels without any other interventionneeded rom the user. Let us look at a typical scenario

involving, or example, Maxwell and Simplorer, withSimplorer using an inductance matrix rom Maxwellin a system design model. In this case, once the linkbetween the two designs in the respective desktopshas been designated, Maxwell design parameters are

visible in the Simplorer environment and can be usedautomatically in optimization tasks o the whole system.Thus, when a new variation solution rom Maxwellis needed in Simplorer due to a parameter valuechange (or example, a dierent relative orientationbetween magnetically coupled coils), the new Maxwellsolution process is automatically initiated via the datalink; once it becomes available, the new inormationcan be used in the system-level design tool. Maxwellcan be driven, in this example rom Simplorer, bya user who may not have previously worked withMaxwell. Thus, simply the knowledge about where anapplicable Maxwell design resides is sucient to create

the datalink and use it to extract and use necessaryinormation in the respective desktop environment.

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S

Special thanks go to Dr. Leon Voss, Richard Osman,PE, and Johannes Germishuizen, o Siemens AG, whoprovided, or many applications presented here, modelsand supporting material property and measurementdata used in putting together this document.

A B O U T A N S O F T

Ansot is a leading developer o high-perormance electronicdesign automation (EDA) sotware. Engineers use Ansotsotware to design state-o-the-art electronic products, such

as cellular phones, Internet-access devices, broadband net-working components and systems, integrated circuits (ICs),printed circuit boards (PCBs), automotive electronic systemsand power electronics. Ansot markets its products world-wide through its own direct sales orce and has comprehen-sive customer-support and training ofces throughout NorthAmerica, Asia and Europe. For more inormation, please visitwww.ansot.com.

A B O U T T H E C O M P A N IE S

A B O U T S I E M E N S

Siemens, headquartered in Berlin and Munich, is one o theworlds largest electrical engineering and electronics compa-nies. Siemens provides innovative technologies and compre-

hensive know-how to beneft customers in 190 countries.Founded more than 150 years ago, the company is active inthe areas o Inormation and Communications, Automationand Control, Power, Transportation, Medical, and Lighting.


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