sigmund freud (1856-1939)
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). A Brief Bio…. Born into a poor Jewish Austrian family Initially studied to become a doctor Believed mental illness did not originate from a purely physical cause Smoked over 20 cigars per day Fled the Nazis in 1938 Lost 3 sisters in the Holocaust. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
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A Brief Bio…
• Born into a poor Jewish Austrian family• Initially studied to become a doctor• Believed mental illness did not originate
from a purely physical cause• Smoked over 20 cigars per day• Fled the Nazis in 1938
– Lost 3 sisters in the Holocaust
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Early Influences on FreudJean Charcot (1825-1893)• Hypnotism
Josef Breuer (1842-1925)• Significance of repressed
events • Anna O.• “Talking Cure”
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The Mind According to Freud
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Libido (Psychic/Sexual Energy)
• Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
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Three Parts of the MindId Ego Superego
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The Id
Basic drives (life/sexual and death/aggressive)–No sense of fear, morality, or good/evil–Only sees the self—no awareness of
others–The pleasure principle
• Eros• Thanatos
–Repetition Compulsion
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The Ego-The mediator between Id and the demands
of society• Formed by the experience of pain—
defends the Id• Does not exist to punish the Id—exists to
fulfill the Id’s desires in socially acceptable ways
• The Reality Principle-Censors painful feelings from reaching
consciousness
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The SuperegoThe conscience
• Judges the Id and is responsible for guilt, pride, and satisfaction
• Represents morality and parental authority
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Psycho-Sexual Stages of Development According to Freud
• Stages shape the adult personality– Frustration or fixation in a
particular stage leads to issues later in life
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The Oral Stage: Birth-1 year old
Sexual pleasure centers around the mouth– i.e., breast feeding
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The Anal Stage: 2-3 years old
• Sexual pleasure centers around defecation and the anus
• i.e., toilet training
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The Phallic Stage: 4-5 years old [different for boys and girls]
Boys:• Oedipus Complex• Castration Complex• In “healthy” boys, the conflict with the
father is resolved
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The Phallic Stage: 4-5 years old
Girls• The Electra Complex
– “Penis Envy”• Girls cannot have a castration complex,
and thus can never resolve their Electra Complex– This explains their “natural” passive, defensive
role– Having a baby satisfies penis envy
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The Latent Stage: 6-12 years old
• Sexual feelings developed in the first three stages are repressed
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The Genital Stage: Adolescence
• See: your peers….
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Freud’s Methodology-Repressed sexual desires are the key to
the personality
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More Methodology…-Free association-Transference-Dreams
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The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
• The Censor• Displacement• Condensation• Symbolization• Projection