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Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Erik Erikson
Theories of Personal Development - Interpersonal Communication
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Super-Ego
|
Alter- |
Ego ------|------ Ego
|
|
ID
ID: our wishes, low level needs (pleasure
principle)
Ego: the 'I' inside that tells us to meet our needs
as soon as appropriate (reality principle)
Super-Ego: our set of learned strategies and
experience, and things to avoid in satisfying the
ego (conscience and ego ideal)
Alter-Ego: opposite of our ego- such as our
subconscious wish to die, things that do not
satisfy our needs
Freud's Stages of PsychoSexual Development of a Child:
1. oral - child needs to be fed, focus on mouth
2. anal - focus on potty-training
3. phallic - puberty, focus on genitals
4. latency - focus on acquiring new knowledge (stage with highest balance of ID, Ego
and Super-Ego)
5. genital - adulthood, focus on mating and reproduction
Gender Complexes: Oedipus Complex (male w/ mother) and Electra (female w/ father)
Freud said the unconscious will bring to light problems for the conscious to solve.
Religion: Freud was a modernist and said that religion was a disorder; a condition of
dependency and irresponsibility, and that science / technology would replace it
Civilization: Freud thought civilization was a form of repression to control the masses, and
it could erupt at any time and destroy the current norms
My paper on The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/jung.html
ego- the conscious mind
personal unconscious- the unconscious mind, similar to Freud's unconscious
collective uncouscious- the collection of humanity's personal unconscious
Jung's Four Functions of the Mind: thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition
Introverted / Extroverted personality, archetypes (Myers / Briggs Personality Test)
Erik Erikson
was an ego-psychologist- accepted Freud, reinterpreted Freud's concepts
Eight Stages / Battles throughout life (epigenetic principle):
1. infancy: trust vs. mistrust
2. early childhood: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. preschool: initiative vs. guilt
4. school age: industry vs. inferiority
5. puberty: identity vs. identity confusion
6. young adulthood: intimacy vs. isolation
7. middle adulthood: generativity vs. stagnation
8. late adulthood: integrity vs. despair
Summary of Erikson: http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/erikson.html