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2011 ITE / IMSA Spring Conference2011 ITE / IMSA Spring Conference
Sign Retro Measurement 101Sign Retro Measurement 101Sign Retro Measurement 101Sign Retro Measurement 101By Seth Chalmers, PEBy Seth Chalmers, PE
RealG d
Not GoodSure
Real BadBadGood
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Chalmers Engineering Services Inc (CESI)Chalmers Engineering Services Inc (CESI)602602--363363--1854 / [email protected] / [email protected]
Measuring Sign RetroreflectivityMeasuring Sign RetroreflectivityStep 1Step 1 –– Know What You Are Know What You Are
Doing and WhyDoing and WhyStep 2Step 2 –– Buy, Rent or Buy, Rent or
Borrow a MeterBorrow a MeterStep 3Step 3 –– Attach BatteryAttach BatteryStep 4Step 4 –– Turn on Meter & Turn on Meter &
i f G S i d lfi f G S i d lfWait for GPS to Find ItselfWait for GPS to Find ItselfStep 5Step 5 –– CalibrateCalibrateStep 6Step 6 –– Take Readings: 4 Take Readings: 4
minimumminimumd dd d
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Step 7Step 7 –– Read Bar Code Read Bar Code and/or Add Commentsand/or Add Comments
Be Aware of Your Applicable Be Aware of Your Applicable S d d & S f fS d d & S f fStandard & Sources of InformationStandard & Sources of Information
MUTCDMUTCD2003 22003 2ndnd Rev & 2009Rev & 2009
FHWAFHWAID Guide & Other InfoID Guide & Other Info
ASTM D 4956ASTM D 4956--0909Sign SheetingSign Sheeting
AASHTO M268AASHTO M268--1010Sign SheetingSign Sheeting
ASTM E 808ASTM E 808Standard Practice for Describing Standard Practice for Describing RetroreflectionRetroreflectionet o e ect oet o e ect o
ASTM E1709ASTM E1709Standard Test Method for Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable RetroreflectometerUsing a Portable Retroreflectometer
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Using a Portable RetroreflectometerUsing a Portable Retroreflectometer
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From2009MUTCD
See Handout
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55Latest From FHWA Nighttime Visibility Web Site
Combining AlternativesCombining AlternativesCombining AlternativesCombining Alternatives
Combination of methodsCombination of methodsCombination of methodsCombination of methods•• Use one or more of the methods togetherUse one or more of the methods together•• Support and reinforce each otherSupport and reinforce each other•• Support and reinforce each otherSupport and reinforce each other
PossibilitiesPossibilitiesl d f bl d f b•• Visual inspection to identify signs to be Visual inspection to identify signs to be
measuredmeasuredM d t f t l i d/M d t f t l i d/•• Measured retro of control signs and/or Measured retro of control signs and/or questionable signs identified in fieldquestionable signs identified in field
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Know Your SheetingsKnow Your SheetingsBeaded or Equivalent SheetingsBeaded or Equivalent SheetingsBeaded or Equivalent SheetingsBeaded or Equivalent Sheetings
ASTM Type I (EG) & II (SEG) materialsASTM Type I (EG) & II (SEG) materialsNo distinguishing marks on beaded EG 3M prismaticNo distinguishing marks on beaded EG 3M prismatic•• No distinguishing marks on beaded EG, 3M prismatic No distinguishing marks on beaded EG, 3M prismatic sheeting has a “EGP” watermarksheeting has a “EGP” watermark
•• SEG has watermarks (Avery & Nippon Carbide)SEG has watermarks (Avery & Nippon Carbide)( y pp )( y pp )
3M EG AD EG NCI EG NCI SEG
ASTM Type III (HI) & AASTHTO M268 Type AASTM Type III (HI) & AASTHTO M268 Type AStar Mark
ASTM Type III (HI) & AASTHTO M268 Type AASTM Type III (HI) & AASTHTO M268 Type A•• Unique patterns visibleUnique patterns visible
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3M AD NCI ATSM Kiwalite
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Know Your SheetingsKnow Your SheetingsPrismatics or Micro PrismaticsPrismatics or Micro Prismatics
Type IType I•• 3M Prismatic “EGP”3M Prismatic “EGP”
Type III/IV Type III/IV •• HighHigh--intensity prismatic sheeting (3M & Avery)intensity prismatic sheeting (3M & Avery)
Type VII VIIIType VII VIII -- DiscontinuedDiscontinuedType VII, VIII Type VII, VIII -- DiscontinuedDiscontinued•• 3M Long Distance Performance (LDP)3M Long Distance Performance (LDP)
Type VIIIType VIII•• Avery Dennison (AD) MVPAvery Dennison (AD) MVP
3M LDP
y ( )y ( )•• Nippon Carbide (NC)Nippon Carbide (NC)
Type IXType IX•• 3M Visual Impact Performance3M Visual Impact Performance•• Avery Dennison (AD) OmiAvery Dennison (AD) Omi ViewView
AD T-7500 3M VIP
•• Avery Dennison (AD) OmiAvery Dennison (AD) Omi--ViewViewType X Type X -- WithdrawnWithdrawnType XIType XI•• 3M DG3M DG33 and AD OmniCubeand AD OmniCube EnduranceEndurance
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3M DG3M DG and AD OmniCubeand AD OmniCube
NC CrystalEnduranceEndurance
InstrumentsInstrumentsInstrumentsInstruments
Laboratory RetroreflectometerLaboratory RetroreflectometerLaboratory RetroreflectometerLaboratory Retroreflectometer•• Goniometer Goniometer
$150,000+ for instrument$150,000+ for instrument$ ,$ ,For thorough material acceptance & testingFor thorough material acceptance & testingFor material R&DFor material R&D
ld fl ( l)ld fl ( l)Field Retroreflectometers (most practical)Field Retroreflectometers (most practical)•• Mobile & HandheldMobile & Handheld•• Two Types:Two Types:
“Standard”“Standard”“Deluxe”“Deluxe”
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DeluxeDeluxe
Laboratory RetroreflectometerLaboratory RetroreflectometerLaboratory RetroreflectometerLaboratory Retroreflectometer
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Sign RetroreflectometersSign Retroreflectometers
ContactD iDevices:
Delta Retrosign Models GR 1 & GR3
Distributor:
RoadVista Model 922 & 932 (Gamma Scientific)
Distributor: Professional TAPCOPavement Products (PPP)
Non-ContactDevices:
Not Functional, Maybe in the Future?
1313SMARTS Van
HandheldHandheldDevicesDevices
RoadVista Model 922RoadVista Model 922•• Annular DeviceAnnular Device (one measurement on (one measurement on
prismatics)prismatics)•• Measurement Point: 1 inch in DiameterMeasurement Point: 1 inch in Diameter•• Aperture reducer (for measuring narrow text)Aperture reducer (for measuring narrow text)
Delta RetroSign 4000Delta RetroSign 4000--4500 now 4500 now replaced by the Model GR1replaced by the Model GR1
•• Point DevicePoint Device (two measurements on (two measurements on prismatics 0 / 90 degrees)prismatics 0 / 90 degrees)
•• Measurement Point: 1.2 inchesMeasurement Point: 1.2 inches•• Aperture reducer (for measuring narrow text)Aperture reducer (for measuring narrow text)•• GPS GPS –– Bluetooth Bluetooth –– USB portUSB port•• Data storage (4,500 readings) & Download Data storage (4,500 readings) & Download
SoftwareSoftware•• Removable / Rechargeable BatteryRemovable / Rechargeable Battery•• Entrance AngleEntrance Angle 4 0 degrees4 0 degrees
Measurement Point: 1.2 inchesMeasurement Point: 1.2 inches•• Aperture reducer (for measuring narrow Aperture reducer (for measuring narrow
text, .625 +/text, .625 +/--))•• GR1: GPS GR1: GPS –– Bluetooth Bluetooth –– USB portUSB port•• Data storage (250,000 readings) & Data storage (250,000 readings) &
Download SoftwareDownload Software•• Entrance Angle Entrance Angle --4.0 degrees4.0 degrees•• Measures 2 observation angles at the same Measures 2 observation angles at the same
time (0.2 & 0.5)time (0.2 & 0.5)•• Bar code readerBar code reader•• ASTM E1709 compliantASTM E1709 compliant
i l i i il bl & dj bli l i i il bl & dj bl
Download SoftwareDownload Software•• Removable / Rechargeable BatteryRemovable / Rechargeable Battery•• Entrance Angle Entrance Angle --4.0 degrees4.0 degrees•• Observation Angle 0.2 degreesObservation Angle 0.2 degrees•• RFID reader (field tag reading device RFID reader (field tag reading device ––
not shown)not shown)•• Extension Pole Kit is Available & Adjustable Extension Pole Kit is Available & Adjustable Entrance Angle AttachmentEntrance Angle Attachment
•• Built in San Diego, CA USABuilt in San Diego, CA USA•• List Price: $9,750 to PurchaseList Price: $9,750 to Purchase•• Rental: $150 to $375 a week from CESIRental: $150 to $375 a week from CESI
not shown)not shown)•• ASTM E1709 compliantASTM E1709 compliant•• Extension Pole Kit is AvailableExtension Pole Kit is Available•• Built in DenmarkBuilt in Denmark•• List Price: $9,000 to PurchaseList Price: $9,000 to Purchase
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•• Free from AzLTAPFree from AzLTAP
HandheldHandheldDevicesDevices
RoadVista Model 932RoadVista Model 932•• Annular DeviceAnnular Device (one measurement (one measurement
on prismatics)on prismatics)•• Measurement Point: 1 inch in Measurement Point: 1 inch in
Di tDi t
Delta Retrosign New Model GR3Delta Retrosign New Model GR3•• Point DevicePoint Device (two measurements (two measurements
on prismatics 0 / 90 degrees)on prismatics 0 / 90 degrees)•• Measurement Point: 1.2 inchesMeasurement Point: 1.2 inches
DiameterDiameter•• Data storage (3,200 readings) & Data storage (3,200 readings) &
Download SoftwareDownload Software•• Bluetooth Bluetooth –– USB PortUSB Port•• Removable / Rechargeable BatteryRemovable / Rechargeable Battery
•• Aperture reducer (for measuring Aperture reducer (for measuring narrow text, .625 +/narrow text, .625 +/--))
•• GPS GPS –– Bluetooth Bluetooth –– USB PortUSB Port•• Data storage (250,000 readings) & Data storage (250,000 readings) &
Download SoftwareDownload Software•• Removable / Rechargeable BatteryRemovable / Rechargeable Battery•• Variable Entrance Angles Variable Entrance Angles --45.0 to 45 45.0 to 45
degreesdegrees•• Variable Observation angles at the Variable Observation angles at the
same time 0.2 to 2.0 degreessame time 0.2 to 2.0 degrees
Download SoftwareDownload Software•• Removable / Rechargeable BatteryRemovable / Rechargeable Battery•• Entrance Angle Entrance Angle --4.0 degrees4.0 degrees•• Measures 3 observation angles at Measures 3 observation angles at
the same time (0.2 0.5 & 1)the same time (0.2 0.5 & 1)gg•• Night Color Requirement Night Color Requirement
Determination xyDetermination xy--retroreflectiveretroreflective•• ASTM E1709 compliantASTM E1709 compliant•• Built in San Diego, CA, USABuilt in San Diego, CA, USA
the same time (0.2 0.5 & 1)the same time (0.2 0.5 & 1)•• RFID reader (field tag reading RFID reader (field tag reading
device)device)•• ASTM E1709 compliantASTM E1709 compliant•• Extension Pole Kit is AvailableExtension Pole Kit is Available
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•• List Price: $15,500List Price: $15,500•• Not Really a field deviceNot Really a field device•• Rental: Not Currently AvailableRental: Not Currently Available
•• List Price: $10,500 to purchaseList Price: $10,500 to purchase•• Rental: $1,500 a month + Deposit Rental: $1,500 a month + Deposit
+ Shipping from TAPCO+ Shipping from TAPCO
Field MeasurementsField MeasurementsProcedure base on ASTM E1709Procedure base on ASTM E1709•• Written ProcedureWritten Procedure
G tG tGeometryGeometry•• Entrance Angle Entrance Angle --4.04.0°°•• Observation Angel 0.2Observation Angel 0.2°°
Calibrate instrumentCalibrate instrumentCalibrate instrumentCalibrate instrumentTake at least 4 measurementsTake at least 4 measurementsAverage valuesAverage valuesRepeat for legend, if appropriateRepeat for legend, if appropriatep g , pp pp g , pp pAdd Comments and/or Read Bar CodeAdd Comments and/or Read Bar Code
Determine Contrast RatioDetermine Contrast Ratio•• Legend RLegend RAA/Background R/Background RAA
Download Data (Bluetooth or USB)Download Data (Bluetooth or USB)Compilation and Management of DataCompilation and Management of Data•• Spreadsheet or Data BaseSpreadsheet or Data Base
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•• Spreadsheet or Data BaseSpreadsheet or Data Base•• Google Earth FormatGoogle Earth Format
Sample DownloadSample DownloadSample DownloadSample DownloadFrom RoadVista 922From RoadVista 922
Downloads in Variety of FormatsOnly Average of Reading Are Down Loaded
1717
Only Average of Reading Are Down Loaded
Extension Pole or Ladder?Extension Pole or Ladder?
1818
ART 920 circa 1998ART 920 circa 1998Pete Sivien, ADOT MaterialsPete Sivien, ADOT Materials
1919Identification of Sign Maker, Materials, Date of Fabrication and/or Installation
ADOT Sign Tagging Standard
CalibrationCalibrationCalibrationCalibration
Instrument should be calibrated to knownInstrument should be calibrated to knownInstrument should be calibrated to known Instrument should be calibrated to known standard each time it is turned onstandard each time it is turned onInstruments and calibration panels requireInstruments and calibration panels requireInstruments and calibration panels require Instruments and calibration panels require maintenancemaintenanceNISTNIST CHARM f ilitCHARM f ilitNIST NIST –– CHARM facilityCHARM facility•• Will produce retroreflectivity standard panels Will produce retroreflectivity standard panels
f i t t t ifi tif i t t t ifi tifor instrument measurement verificationfor instrument measurement verification•• Needs to be done annuallyNeeds to be done annually
2020
Annual RecalibrationSan DiegoIn JulyIn July
2121Calibration Plate for922 / Retrosign hasCap
Measurement AccuracyMeasurement AccuracyMeasurement AccuracyMeasurement Accuracy
Retroreflectivity variability:Retroreflectivity variability:Retroreflectivity variability:Retroreflectivity variability:•• Variation in materialVariation in material•• Type and accuracy of instrumentType and accuracy of instrumentType and accuracy of instrumentType and accuracy of instrument•• Annual Calibration and MaintenanceAnnual Calibration and Maintenance•• Instrument placement (stray light, alignment, Instrument placement (stray light, alignment, p ( y g , g ,p ( y g , g ,
rotation, size of measurement area)rotation, size of measurement area)•• Measurement variabilityMeasurement variabilityPossible variationPossible variation•• 25 percent or higher25 percent or higher
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Rotational SensitivityRotational SensitivityRotational SensitivityRotational SensitivityVariability with some Prismatic or Variability with some Prismatic or
llMicroprismatic MaterialsMicroprismatic Materials•• Point instruments produce different retro Point instruments produce different retro
readings when rotated on the exact same readings when rotated on the exact same spot (Retrosign 4000, 4500, GR1 and GR3)spot (Retrosign 4000, 4500, GR1 and GR3)A l i i t t d i t tA l i i t t d i t t•• Annular ring instrument produces consistent Annular ring instrument produces consistent values (ART 920, RoadVista 922 and 932)values (ART 920, RoadVista 922 and 932)
Diff b t i t d lDiff b t i t d lDifference between point and annular can Difference between point and annular can be 10be 10--25%25%
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Measuring Sign RetroreflectivityMeasuring Sign RetroreflectivityStep 1Step 1 –– Know What You Are Know What You Are
Doing and WhyDoing and WhySt 2St 2 B R tB R tStep 2Step 2 –– Buy, Rent or Buy, Rent or
Borrow a MeterBorrow a MeterStep 3Step 3 –– Attach BatteryAttach BatteryStep 3Step 3 Attach BatteryAttach BatteryStep 4Step 4 –– Turn on Meter & Turn on Meter &
Wait for GPS to Find ItselfWait for GPS to Find ItselfStep 5Step 5 –– CalibrateCalibrateStep 6Step 6 –– Take Readings: 4 Take Readings: 4
minimum minimum –– Careful on Careful on Stop SignsStop Signs
Step 7Step 7 Read Bar CodeRead Bar Code2424
Step 7Step 7 –– Read Bar Code Read Bar Code and/or Add Commentsand/or Add Comments
