signal products - shoc 2019. 9. 13. · 11 dfp 5135 radio direction finder 0.5 - 30 mhz mf hf the...

CatalogueSIGNAL PRODUCTS

Direction finding receivers

Monitoring receivers

Antennas

Signal distributions

Configuration, control and analysis software

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ContentsAbout PLATH sensors 3PLATH sensors integrated 4Sensor products 6Direction finding receivers 8Overview 14Indispensable features of a radio receiver for COMINT operation 16Monitoring receivers 18Overview 24

Antennas 26Overview 40Signal distributions 46Configuration, control and analysis software 50Big data inside COMINT systems 54Sensors services 57Sensors glossary 58

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About PLATH sensorsPLATH was founded in 1954 by Dr. Maximilian Wächtler, the german pioneer of radio direction finding. Our roots can be traced back to 1837. As a family owned company, we can proudly look back on decades of successful development of radio reconnaissance technology.

Starting with RF radio receivers, we expanded our

portfolio to meet the requirements of COMINT sys-

tems and ESM systems. Consequently, our skills

have grown beyond our traditional field to high-

er frequency ranges and into neighbouring areas.

Today, more than 50 highly skilled communica-

tions engineers specialising in antennas, radio

receivers and signal distribution are developing

cutting-edge technologies and setting standards

for the industry.

PLATH sensor products provide the highest levels

of precision and sensitivity, unprecedented in-

terference-free dynamic range, and an intelligent

combination of wideband sensors with virtual

narrowband receivers using Digital Down Conver-

sion (DDC) technology. Based on the German art of

engineering, PLATH sensor products provide high

system availability and reliability. Our products

have a typical lifespan of far above 30 years and

exceptionally low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).

4

Land-based ESM systems need portable or in-

vehicle ESM units to protect their own forces and

plan operations with foresight.

They need not only high environmental require-

ments, low power consumption and compact di-

mensions but also great versatility with regard

to the frequency ranges and communication me-

thods to be covered.

Stationary COMINT headquarters provide informa-

tion from the area of interest of nations in a timely

manner.

Therefore, they significantly contribute to the en-

hancement of national security. For this they need

the highest possible sensitivity, superior accura-

cy and longevity. The focus here is on the parallel

monitoring and locating of as many messages as

possible.

Mobile ESM units

Stationary COMINT centres

PLATH sensors integratedWith integrated PLATH sensors, your systems meet all the latest relevant requirements and are state of the art for the future, thanks to their advanced technology.

5

Modern battleships and submarines increasingly

require direct information about the surrounding

area.

Especially in coastal waters, such platforms pro-

vide the possibility to provide additional informa-

tion about areas to be monitored. The similar tech-

nical requirements apply as for mobile ESM units,

but under different environmental requirements.

In global crises, sea and air vehicles enable nations

to quickly and reliably shift the focus of their area

of interest without invading foreign territory.

The similar technical requirements apply as with

stationary COMINT centres, but under different

environmental requirements.

Battleships / submarines

SIGINT ships / submarines / aircraft

6

Sensor products

0.01 -0.5 0.5-1 1-3 3-20 20-30 30-300 300-3000 3000-6000

MF HF VHF UHF SHFDFP 5050 S

DFP 5130DFP 5135

DFP 2400 optionalDFP 2410 optional

SIR 5110SIR 5115

SIR 2110SIR 2115 optional

DFA 2450 optionaloptional DFA 2451 optionaloptional DFA 2455 optional

DFA 2440DFA 2441

CMA 2400DFA 2430

DFA 5080FAA 321

U 646optional U 656

MAN 5180DFM 4221AUS 6650ASM 4221

DDAWIN DF

WIN MON

MHz

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Antennas

Signal distribution


8


DF receivers from PLATH have been continuously improved in recent decades. We have achieved this through our close cooperation with our customers. We ask for mission experience and take it seriously. We incorpo-rate this experience, new technical skills and innovations into the development of the next generation of DF receivers. Our receivers will not be perfect, but they are very close.

Perfection results from experience

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DFP 5050 SRadio direction finder 0.5 - 30 MHz

MF

The 3-channel DF receiver DFP 5050 S provides a highly sensitive 20/40 kHz narrowband channel. In addition to an analogue bearing ellipse it delivers an FFT spectrum.With exceptional technical specifications, the DFP 5050 S allows detection and interception of even the

narrowest emitters by an optimal channel separation of 7.81 Hz. Lowest signals down to -139 dBm can be

detected.

Technical highlights

• digital bandwidth of 20/40 kHz

• DF accuracy ≤ 0.5° RMS

• frequency resolution 1 Hz

• exceptional SFDR ≥ 105 dB typical

• minimum detectable signal -139 dBm

(@ 125 Hz frequency resolution)

• excellent linearity (IP2 ≥ 80 dBm and IP3 ≥ 43 dBm)

• integrated preselection with 7 sub-octave filters,

high-pass and low-pass

• no analog tuning because of direct sampling

receiver technology

Customer advantages

• best of both worlds in one product:

bearing ellipse and DF FFT spectrum

HF

10

DFP 5130Radio direction finder 0.5 - 30 MHz

MF HF

Within the full analogue bandwidth of 29.5 MHz, the 3-channel DF receiver DFP 5130 provides a coherent digital bandwidth of 12.288 MHz which can be used in one block or freely distributed.With exceptional technical specifications, the DFP 5130 allows interception of multiple bands at the same time –

thereby covering almost all signals of interest simultaneously. It allows continuous calculating of bearing

angles of all intercepted signals applying the Watson-Watt method, additionally it can compete with narrow-

band receivers and has unmatched technical features as a digital broadband receiver.


• coherent bandwidth of 29.5 MHz (analogue) and

12.288 MHz (digital)



• exceptional SFDR ≥ 105 dB




• 20 narrowband DDC channels (10, 20 or 40 kHz)

• integrated preselection

Customer advantages

• full COMINT system in one device by combining

DF receiver with 20 DDC channels

• optimised coverage by dividing the coherent di-

gital bandwidth into 16 sub-bands

• optimised for systems of ITU organisations

• parallel usage by a system controller and up to

4 manual operators

Options available

• additional 100 narrowband DDCs (10, 20 or 40 kHz)

• scan mode with scanning speed 625 MHz/s

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DFP 5135Radio direction finder 0.5 - 30 MHz

MF HF

The DFP 5135 is a DF receiver that is second to none and makes the RF spectrum visible. Within the full ana-logue bandwidth of 29.5 MHz, the 3-channel DF receiver DFP 5135 provides the full spectrum with a digital bandwidth of 29.5 MHz.With exceptional technical specifications, the DFP 5135 allows interception of the complete HF band simulta-

neously applying the Watson-Watt method. With its exceptional dynamic range, it is unaffected by spurious

and blocking signals.


• coherent bandwidth of 29.5 MHz

(analogue and digital)






• excellent linearity

(IP2 ≥ 80 dBm and IP3 ≥ 43 dBm)

• integrated preselection

Customer advantages

• Never miss a signal again - full coverage of the

RF - that‘s all you have to say.

• Use the power of 5 DF receivers in one device

to adapt to the different frequency conditions in

the HF.

Options available

• 100 narrowband DDCs (10, 20 or 40 kHz)

12

DFP 2400Radio direction finder

The DFP 2400 is a DF receiver that is second to none. With its exceptional computing power, it enables unrivalled accuracy and unique speed.Due to the continuous processing of 7 channels, unlike comparable systems, no blind spots are created by

switching the channels. Its unparalleled accuracy makes it possible to achieve reliable location fixes with only

2 systems. The exceptional quality, due to a high SFDR, enormous sensitivity and very good IP2/IP3 values,

makes it possible to detect weak or LPI signals even when the system is next to strong emitters or in motion.

A specific hopper detection mode allows identification of frequency hopping radios with a speed of up to

2000 hops/s.


• coherent bandwidth of 20 MHz

• frequency resolution 500 Hz to 32 kHz

• processes 20 million channels/s

• SFDR ≥ 80 dB

• bearing accuracy ≤ 0.5° RMS

• sensitivity -137 dBm

• scan speed 40 GHz/s

• short burst detection ≥ 31.25 µs


Customer advantages

• contributes to information superiority by seam-

less interception of tactical radio band

• allows operational flexibility by working with only

2 systems

• grants investment security as it is far ahead of

its time

Options available

• scan mode

• preselection

• frequency range extension to 6 GHz

20 - 3000 (6000) MHz

UHF SHFVHF

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DFP 2410Radio direction finder

The DFP 2410 is a DF receiver that is second to none. With its exceptional computing power, it enables unrivalled accuracy and unique speed.Due to the continuous processing of 7 channels, unlike comparable systems, no blind spots are created by

switching the channels. Its unparalleled accuracy makes it possible to achieve reliable location fixes with only

2 systems. The exceptional quality, due to a high SFDR, enormous sensitivity and very good IP2/IP3 values,

makes it possible to detect weak or LPI signals even when the system is next to strong emitters or in motion.

A specific hopper detection mode allows identification of frequency hopping radios with a speed of up to

2000 hops/s.


• coherent bandwidth of 9.99 MHz

• frequency resolution 500 Hz to 32 kHz

• processes 10 million channels/s

• SFDR ≥ 80 dB

• bearing accuracy ≤ 0.5° RMS

• sensitivity -137 dBm


• short burst detection ≥ 31.25 µs


Customer advantages

• allows operational flexibility by working with only

2 systems

• suitable for applications under the most difficult

conditions

Options available

• scan mode

• preselection


20 - 3000 (6000) MHz

UHF SHFVHF

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DFP 5050 S DFP 5130 DFP 5135 DFP 2400 DFP 2410Frequency range 0.5-30 MHz 0.5-30 MHz 0.5-30 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz

Coherent analogue bandwidth direct sampling 29.5 MHz 29.5 MHz 20 MHz 9.99 MHz

Coherent digital bandwidth 20/40 kHz 12.288 MHz 29.5 MHz 20 MHz 9.99 MHz

Number of subbands - 16 40 - -

Preselection 7 LP / 7 HP 7 LP / 7 HP 5x7 LP / 5x7 HP option option

Frequency resolution 7.8125 Hz 125 Hz 125 Hz (optional 31.25 Hz) 500 Hz-32 kHz 500 Hz-32 kHz

Gain control AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M

Scanning speed - 625 MHz/s starring 30 MHz 40 GHz/s (@8 kHz frequency resolution) 20 GHz/s (@8 kHz frequency resolution)

Processing speed - 12,288,000 channels/s 29,500,000 channels/s 20,000,000 channels/s < 10,000,000 channels/s

Maximum input level +30 dBm +30 dBm +30 dBm - -

Noise figure ≤ 12 dB ≤ 12 dB ≤ 12 dB typ. 9 dB typ. 9 dB

Full dynamic range 169 dB 169 dB 169 dB 165 dBm 165 dBm

SFDR / IMFDR ≥ 105 dB 105 dB 105 dB ≥80 dB ≥ 80 dB

MDS (Minimum Detectable Signal) -139 dBm (@ 125 Hz frequency resolution) -139 dBm (@ 125 Hz frequency resolution) -139 dBm (@125 Hz frequency resolution) -135 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution) -135 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution)

Image frequency rejection ≥ 90 dB - (direct sampling) - (direct sampling) ≥ 95 dB ≥ 95 dB

Intermediate frequency rejection ≥ 100 dB (@ZF 40 MHz) not measurable not measurable ≥ 95 dB ≥ 95 dB

IP2 ≥ 80 dBm ≥ 80 dBm ≥ 80 dBm ≥ 50 dBm ≥ 50 dBm


DF method WW )2 WW )2 WW )2 CI )1 CI )1

Number of channels 3 3 5x3 7 7

DF data resolution 0.1° 0.1° 0.1° 0.1° 0.1°

DF accuracy ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS

Monitoring options - Option Option - -

Number of channels - 20 (optional +100) 120 - -

Bandwidth of channels - 10/20/40 kHz 10/20/40 kHz - -

Audio demodulation CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* AM, FM-Narrow, FM-Wide* AM, FM-Narrow, FM-Wide*

Audio bandwidth 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) AM, FM-Narrow: 11,2 kHz; FM-Wide: 100 Hz

Frequency stability internal reference ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7

Frequency drift < ±1 x 10-7 < ±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7

Nominal impendance 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 ΩBITE @ module level @ module level @ module level @ module level @ module level

Standards EN 61010-1:2002 / EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002 DIN EN 60950-1 (VDE 0805-1) /EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002

Operating temperature 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +40 °C +10 °C to +40 °C +10 °C to +40 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Humidity 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤85% (non-condensing) 80% (non-condensing) 80% (non-condensing)

Protection class IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20

MTBF > 40000 h > 40000 h > 13000 h > 10000 h > 10000 h

Power consumption 90 V-264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 230 VA 90 V-264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 230 VA 140 V-264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 1200 VA 24 V DC / 230 V AC 400 W / 650 VA 24 V DC / 230 V AC 400 W / 650 VA

Network Interface 3x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 3x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) LAN 1000 Base-T(6x UDP; 2x TCP-IP) LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP)

Weight 15.3 kg 15.3 kg 40 kg 43 kg 43 kg

Size (width/height/depth) 19"/ 3 RU / 605 mm 19"/ 3 RU / 605 mm 19"/ 4 RU / 605 mm 19"/ 7 RU / 596 mm 19"/ 7 RU / 596 mm

Options

Frequency extension 3000-6000 MHz - - - option option

Scan mode - option - option option

Preselection standard standard standard option option

Frequency resolution 31.25 Hz - - option - -

Optional network interface 10 base F - - - - -

Optional DDC channels - option option - -

Overview

15

DFP 5050 S DFP 5130 DFP 5135 DFP 2400 DFP 2410Frequency range 0.5-30 MHz 0.5-30 MHz 0.5-30 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz

Coherent analogue bandwidth direct sampling 29.5 MHz 29.5 MHz 20 MHz 9.99 MHz

Coherent digital bandwidth 20/40 kHz 12.288 MHz 29.5 MHz 20 MHz 9.99 MHz

Number of subbands - 16 40 - -

Preselection 7 LP / 7 HP 7 LP / 7 HP 5x7 LP / 5x7 HP option option

Frequency resolution 7.8125 Hz 125 Hz 125 Hz (optional 31.25 Hz) 500 Hz-32 kHz 500 Hz-32 kHz

Gain control AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M

Scanning speed - 625 MHz/s starring 30 MHz 40 GHz/s (@8 kHz frequency resolution) 20 GHz/s (@8 kHz frequency resolution)

Processing speed - 12,288,000 channels/s 29,500,000 channels/s 20,000,000 channels/s < 10,000,000 channels/s

Maximum input level +30 dBm +30 dBm +30 dBm - -

Noise figure ≤ 12 dB ≤ 12 dB ≤ 12 dB typ. 9 dB typ. 9 dB

Full dynamic range 169 dB 169 dB 169 dB 165 dBm 165 dBm

SFDR / IMFDR ≥ 105 dB 105 dB 105 dB ≥80 dB ≥ 80 dB

MDS (Minimum Detectable Signal) -139 dBm (@ 125 Hz frequency resolution) -139 dBm (@ 125 Hz frequency resolution) -139 dBm (@125 Hz frequency resolution) -135 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution) -135 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution)

Image frequency rejection ≥ 90 dB - (direct sampling) - (direct sampling) ≥ 95 dB ≥ 95 dB

Intermediate frequency rejection ≥ 100 dB (@ZF 40 MHz) not measurable not measurable ≥ 95 dB ≥ 95 dB



DF method WW )2 WW )2 WW )2 CI )1 CI )1

Number of channels 3 3 5x3 7 7

DF data resolution 0.1° 0.1° 0.1° 0.1° 0.1°

DF accuracy ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS ≤ 0.5° RMS

Monitoring options - Option Option - -

Number of channels - 20 (optional +100) 120 - -

Bandwidth of channels - 10/20/40 kHz 10/20/40 kHz - -

Audio demodulation CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* AM, FM-Narrow, FM-Wide* AM, FM-Narrow, FM-Wide*

Audio bandwidth 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) AM, FM-Narrow: 11,2 kHz; FM-Wide: 100 Hz

Frequency stability internal reference ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7

Frequency drift < ±1 x 10-7 < ±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7

Nominal impendance 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 ΩBITE @ module level @ module level @ module level @ module level @ module level

Standards EN 61010-1:2002 / EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002 DIN EN 60950-1 (VDE 0805-1) /EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002

Operating temperature 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +40 °C +10 °C to +40 °C +10 °C to +40 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Humidity 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤85% (non-condensing) 80% (non-condensing) 80% (non-condensing)

Protection class IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20

MTBF > 40000 h > 40000 h > 13000 h > 10000 h > 10000 h

Power consumption 90 V-264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 230 VA 90 V-264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 230 VA 140 V-264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 1200 VA 24 V DC / 230 V AC 400 W / 650 VA 24 V DC / 230 V AC 400 W / 650 VA

Network Interface 3x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 3x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) LAN 1000 Base-T(6x UDP; 2x TCP-IP) LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP)

Weight 15.3 kg 15.3 kg 40 kg 43 kg 43 kg

Size (width/height/depth) 19"/ 3 RU / 605 mm 19"/ 3 RU / 605 mm 19"/ 4 RU / 605 mm 19"/ 7 RU / 596 mm 19"/ 7 RU / 596 mm

Options

Frequency extension 3000-6000 MHz - - - option option

Scan mode - option - option option

Preselection standard standard standard option option

Frequency resolution 31.25 Hz - - option - -

Optional network interface 10 base F - - - - -

Optional DDC channels - option option - -

)1 correlative interferometer

)2 Watson-Watt


* provided by WIN DF

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Indispensable features of a radio receiver for COMINT operation

It is more than just bandwidth and scanning speed that make it an excellent radio receiver for COMINT operations. Solutions against multipath-propagation, high dynamic range and sensitivity provide the true benefit of such a product.

Vector Matching®

Reflection, refraction, scatter and diffraction on

objects can result in signals not only arriving di-

rectly from the transmitter to the receiver, but also

using detours so that the same signals arrive at

the receiver from different directions. This makes

exact direction finding a challenge.

Comparing 7-channel correlative interferometer DF

with VM® algorithm to standard 5-channel direc-

tion finding systems produces the obvious result,

in a real-life scenario on board ships or in urban

areas with lots of buildings, that direction finding

without 7-channel DF with VM® is simply not possi-

ble (for more details about the comparison, please

request the whitepaper “Multipath propagation in

V/UHF direction finding system”).

Dynamic Range

"We find the needle in the haystack“ was the mot-

to of PLATH for decades. Even then, the dynamic

range of receivers was a key success factor for

this objective. Reconnaissance technology differs

from radio technology to find the weaker signal of

interest among the masses of strong signals. This

is equally important for regional monitoring in a

crisis area, where you are in the immediate vici-

nity of many different radio transmitters, as well

as for global lower frequency monitoring with very

strong, far-reaching broadcasters. Due to the tre-

mendous increase in the number of signals, the

motto has changed to "we find the needle in the

needle pile“ today. PLATH receivers have excepti-

onal performance, especially with regard to dyna-

mic bandwidth, and have always been leaders in

the field (for more details on this topic, please talk to

our product managers or development engineers).

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It is obvious that excellent receivers are also used in the world‘s best DF receivers. So, what could be more obvious than to offer them separately and thus to provide our customers with the familiar PLATH quality for monitoring receivers? Especially in the HF frequency spectrum, we can offer you a receiver that digitises the entire spectrum in high resolution and prepares it for evaluation. Take a look at the extraordinary perfor-mance data of our surveillance receivers on the following pages.

The one leads to the other

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SIR 5110Digital broadband receiver 0.5 - 30 MHz

MF HF

Within the full analogue bandwidth of 29.5 MHz, the SIR 5110 provides a coherent digital band-width of 12.288 MHz which can be used in one block or freely distributed. In addition, the receiver optionally replaces up to 120 narrowband receivers within the selected bands by applying an advanced digital down conversion principle.With exceptional technical specifications, the SIR 5110 allows the interception of multiple bands of interest

simultaneously – thereby replacing many receivers that have been used earlier. It can easily compete with

narrowband receivers and has unmatched technical features as a digital broadband receiver.


• coherent bandwidth of 29.5 MHz (analogue)

and 12.288 MHz (digital)






• broadband I/Q output (16 x 768 kHz)

Customer advantages

• Save space and costs by replacing huge amounts

of narrowband receivers in a COMINT centre.

Options available

• 20 or 120 narrowband DDCs (10, 20 or 40 kHz)

20

SIR 5115Digital broadband receiver 0.5 - 30 MHz

MF HF

Within the full analogue bandwidth of 29.5 MHz, the SIR 5115 provides 40 digital sub-bands of 768 kHz each – summing up to a coherent digital bandwidth of 29.5 MHz. With exceptional technical specifications, the SIR 5115 allows the interception of the complete HF band simul-

taneously – thereby replacing many receivers that have been used earlier. It can easily compete with narrow-

band receivers and has unmatched technical features as a digital broadband receiver.


• coherent bandwidth of 29.5 MHz (analogue and

digital)






• broadband I/Q output (40 x 768 kHz)

• 120 narrowband DDC channels (10, 20 or 40 kHz)

Customer advantages

• Never miss a signal again - full coverage of the

RF - that‘s all you have to say.

• For enhanced protection against blocking and

second-order intermodulation, the SIR 5115

provides pre-selection filtering. The receiver

consists of five independent sections, each co-

vering a dedicated frequency range.

Options available

• additional 480 narrowband DDCs (10, 20 or 40 kHz)

21

SIR 2110Digital broadband receiver 20 - 3000 MHz

VHF UHF

Within the analogue bandwidth of 24 MHz, the SIR 2110 provides a coherent digital bandwidth of 20 MHz and 20 narrowband DDC channels.With exceptional technical specifications, the SIR 2110 is optimised for broadband monitoring. The embedded

20 narrowband DDC channels allow parallel recording and analysis of signals of interest.


• coherent digital bandwidth of 20 MHz

• SFDR ≥ 80 dB


(@ 1 kHz frequency resolution)



• 20 narrowband DDC channels (50 kHz)

Customer advantages

• Save space and cost by replacing huge

amounts of narrowband receivers in a mobile

COMINT centre, allowing the use of smaller and

more agile vehicles.

• monitoring up to 20 narrowband emissions

while streaming broadband I/Q data

22

SIR 2115Digital broadband receiver 9 kHz - 3000 (6000) MHz

UHF SHF

Within the analogue bandwidth of 30 MHz (VLF-HF) and 80 MHz (VHF-SHF), the SIR 2115 provides 4 freely selectable digital I/Q of 20 MHz each – summing up to a coherent digital bandwidth of 80 MHz. With a scan-ning speed of 100 GHz/s, this receiver covers almost all signals in the complete frequency range.With exceptional technical specifications, the SIR 2115 is optimised for fast search of its complete frequency

range. The embedded 20 narrowband DDC channels allow analysis of signals of interest.


• coherent bandwidth of 80 MHz

(analogue and digital)


• SFDR ≥ 90 dB (9 kHz - 20 MHz);

≥ 80 dB (20-3000 MHz)


(@ 1 kHz frequency resolution)


(IP2 > 70 dBm and IP3 > 30 dBm)

• broadband IQ output (4 x 20 MHz)

• 20 narrowband DDC channels

(50, 100, 200 or 400 kHz)

Customer advantages

• Save space and costs by replacing huge

amounts of narrowband receivers in a mobile

COMINT centre, allowing the use of smaller and

more agile vehicles.

• The qualities of searching and monitoring recei-

vers are combined in a single device.

Options available


VHFHFMF

24

SIR 5110 SIR 5115 SIR 2110 SIR 2115Frequency range 0.5-30 MHz 0.5-30 MHz 20-3000 MHz 9 kHz-3000 (6000) MHz

Coherent analogue bandwidth 29.5 MHz 29.5 MHz 24 MHz 30 MHz (HF) / 80 MHz (V/U/SHF)

Coherent digital bandwidth 12.288 MHz 29.5 MHz 20 MHz 4 x 20 MHz (I/Q)

Number of subbands 16 40 - -

Preselection 7 LP / 7 HP 5x7 LP / 5x7 HP 10 HP / 10 LP 10 LP / 10 HP

Tuning resolution < 1 Hz < 1 Hz < 1 Hz < 1 Hz

Gain control AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M

Scanning speed not necessary not necessary - 100 GHz/s

Maximum input level +30 dBm +30 dBm +15 dBm -

Noise figure ≤ 12 dB (without preselection) ≤ 12 dB (without preselection) 9 dB typ. 9 dB typ.

Full dynamic range 169 dB 169 dB 149 dB 149 dB

VSWR < 2:1 < 2:1 < 2:1 < 2:1

SFDR / IMFDR 105 dB 105 dB > 80 dB > 90 dB (HF); > 80 dB (VHF / UHF / SHF)

MDS (Minimum Detectable Signal) -139 dBm (@125 Hz frequ. resolution) -139 dBm (@125 Hz frequ. resolution) -135 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution) -137 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution)

Image frequency rejection - (direct sampling) - (direct sampling) > 120 dB > 130 dB typ.

Intermediate frequency rejection not measurable not measurable > 110 dB typ. > 120 dB typ.

Internal Spurious none none none < -120 dBm none < -120 dBm

IP2 ≥ 80 dBm ≥ 80 dBm > 50 dBm > 70 dBm

IP3 ≥ 43 dBm ≥ 43 dBm > 25 dBm > 30 dBm

Number of channels 4 narrowband (optional 20 or 120); 16 wideband IQ

120 narrowband (optional 600);40 wideband IQ

20 narrowband; 1 wideband


Bandwidth of channels 768 kHz (optional 10/20/40 kHz) narrowband: 10/20/40 kHz wideband: 768 kHz ± 20 kHz overlap

narrowband: 50 kHz; wideband I/Q: 20 MHz

narrowband: 50/100/200/400 kHz; wideband I/Q: 10 MHz

Audio demodulation CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, FM-Wide* CW, AM, FM, FM-Wide*

Audio bandwidth 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) - -

Frequency stability internal reference ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7

Frequency drift < ±5 x 10-7 < ±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7 < ±5 x 10-7

Nominal impendance 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 ΩBITE @ module level @ module level @ module level @ module level

Standards EN 61010-1:2002 / EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002 EN 61010-1:2002 / EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002

Operating temperature 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Humidity ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing)

Protection class IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20

MTBF > 70000 h > 30000 h > 45000 h > 40000 h

Power consumption 100 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 150 VA 90 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 450 VA 85 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 150 VA 85 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 150 VA

Network Interface 2x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 7x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 2x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 1x 10 GBASE-SR, OM3 MM fibre (UDP) 1x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP)

Weight 7 kg 18 kg 9 kg 10 kg

Size (width/height/depth) 19" / 1 RU / 490 mm 19" / 3 RU / 605 mm 19" / 1 RU / 490 mm 19" / 1 RU / 490 mm

Options

Frequency extension 3000-6000 MHz - - - option

Scan mode - - - option

Frequency extension 10 kHz-300 kHz - - - standard

Optional DDC channels option option standard standard

Wideband IQ 16x768 kHz option standard - -

Overview

25

SIR 5110 SIR 5115 SIR 2110 SIR 2115Frequency range 0.5-30 MHz 0.5-30 MHz 20-3000 MHz 9 kHz-3000 (6000) MHz

Coherent analogue bandwidth 29.5 MHz 29.5 MHz 24 MHz 30 MHz (HF) / 80 MHz (V/U/SHF)

Coherent digital bandwidth 12.288 MHz 29.5 MHz 20 MHz 4 x 20 MHz (I/Q)

Number of subbands 16 40 - -

Preselection 7 LP / 7 HP 5x7 LP / 5x7 HP 10 HP / 10 LP 10 LP / 10 HP

Tuning resolution < 1 Hz < 1 Hz < 1 Hz < 1 Hz

Gain control AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M AGC, MGC, AGC+M

Scanning speed not necessary not necessary - 100 GHz/s

Maximum input level +30 dBm +30 dBm +15 dBm -

Noise figure ≤ 12 dB (without preselection) ≤ 12 dB (without preselection) 9 dB typ. 9 dB typ.

Full dynamic range 169 dB 169 dB 149 dB 149 dB

VSWR < 2:1 < 2:1 < 2:1 < 2:1

SFDR / IMFDR 105 dB 105 dB > 80 dB > 90 dB (HF); > 80 dB (VHF / UHF / SHF)

MDS (Minimum Detectable Signal) -139 dBm (@125 Hz frequ. resolution) -139 dBm (@125 Hz frequ. resolution) -135 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution) -137 dBm (@1 kHz frequency resolution)

Image frequency rejection - (direct sampling) - (direct sampling) > 120 dB > 130 dB typ.

Intermediate frequency rejection not measurable not measurable > 110 dB typ. > 120 dB typ.

Internal Spurious none none none < -120 dBm none < -120 dBm

IP2 ≥ 80 dBm ≥ 80 dBm > 50 dBm > 70 dBm

IP3 ≥ 43 dBm ≥ 43 dBm > 25 dBm > 30 dBm

Number of channels 4 narrowband (optional 20 or 120); 16 wideband IQ

120 narrowband (optional 600);40 wideband IQ



Bandwidth of channels 768 kHz (optional 10/20/40 kHz) narrowband: 10/20/40 kHz wideband: 768 kHz ± 20 kHz overlap

narrowband: 50 kHz; wideband I/Q: 20 MHz

narrowband: 50/100/200/400 kHz; wideband I/Q: 10 MHz

Audio demodulation CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB* CW, AM, FM, FM-Wide* CW, AM, FM, FM-Wide*

Audio bandwidth 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) 100 Hz - 11.2 kHz (steps) - -

Frequency stability internal reference ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7 ±10-7

Frequency drift < ±5 x 10-7 < ±5 x 10-7 <±5 x 10-7 < ±5 x 10-7

Nominal impendance 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 ΩBITE @ module level @ module level @ module level @ module level

Standards EN 61010-1:2002 / EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002 EN 61010-1:2002 / EN 61000-6-2:2002 / EN 61000-6-3:2002

Operating temperature 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C 0 °C to +50 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Humidity ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing) ≤ 85% (non-condensing)

Protection class IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20

MTBF > 70000 h > 30000 h > 45000 h > 40000 h

Power consumption 100 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 150 VA 90 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 450 VA 85 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 150 VA 85 - 264 V AC 50/60 Hz, 150 VA

Network Interface 2x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 7x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 2x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP) 1x 10 GBASE-SR, OM3 MM fibre (UDP) 1x LAN 1000 Base-T(TCP-IP)

Weight 7 kg 18 kg 9 kg 10 kg

Size (width/height/depth) 19" / 1 RU / 490 mm 19" / 3 RU / 605 mm 19" / 1 RU / 490 mm 19" / 1 RU / 490 mm

Options

Frequency extension 3000-6000 MHz - - - option

Scan mode - - - option

Frequency extension 10 kHz-300 kHz - - - standard

Optional DDC channels option option standard standard

Wideband IQ 16x768 kHz option standard - -


* provided by WIN DF

26

Antennas

What use to us is the best receiver or DF receiver when the antenna used would only be average? We have always considered the antenna and the receiver as a single unit and paid particular attention to the fact that the antenna in no way makes compromises on the receiver. In our in-house antenna development, we work hand-in-hand with the receivers‘ developers to create a fully tuned system.

A world-class receiver needs a world-class antenna

27

DFA 2450Maritime direction finding antenna 20 - 3000 (6000) MHz

VHF UHF

The full passive DFA 2450 is specially designed for installation on board small ships. It intercepts the entire relevant frequency range for COMINT purposes and fits on a single mast. With a DF accuracy of between 1.5°

and 2° RMS (depending on the frequency range) and its consistent 7 channels, the antenna is an excellent

match for PLATH‘s highly accurate DF receivers. The dipole antenna is vertically polarised, works consistently

with the correlative interferometer method and can be used in all climates. Installed on a suitable mast, it also

withstands wind speeds of up to 180 km/h. The integrated lightning rod protects the antenna against surges

caused by lightning strikes. The optional frequency extension to 6 GHz works with frequency conversion. This

eliminates the need for special cables and an extended frequency input on the direction finder.


• highest DF accuracy of 1.5° RMS from 200-

3000 (6000) MHz

• full passive design makes it less sensitive to

electrostatically discharging

• lightweight design with a chassis made of UV

resistant plastics make it an excellent choice for

installation on board ships

• resistant by design to multi-path scattering and

polarisation changes

Customer advantages

• An antenna that covers the entire relevant fre-

quency range and fits on a mast makes instal-

lation (and transport) easier and is suitable for

small space on board ships.

• Due to factory calibration, the antenna is ready

for operation immediately after installation.

• Optionally integrated frequency extensions and

monitoring capabilities fit on one single mast on

board the ship.

Options available

• DF frequency extension from 3000-6000 MHz (frequency conversion to frequencies below 3000 MHz

inside antenna)

• monitoring output from 20-3000 MHz (using voltage out from DF antenna to avoid distortion by a separate

monitoring antenna)

SHF

28

The full passive DFA 2451 is specially designed for high precision and sensitivity combined with the special requirements of installation on board a ship. It intercepts the entire relevant frequency range for COMINT purposes and fits on a single mast. With a DF accuracy of between 1° and 1.5° RMS (depending on the fre-

quency range) and its consistent 7 channels, the antenna is an excellent match for PLATH‘s highly accurate

DF receivers. The dipole antenna is vertically polarised, works consistently with the correlative interferometer

method and can be used in all climates. Installed on a suitable mast, it also withstands wind speeds of up to

180 km/h. The integrated lightning rod protects the antenna against surges caused by lightning strikes. The

optional frequency extension to 6 GHz works with frequency conversion. This eliminates the need for special

cables and an extended frequency input on the direction finder.


• exceptional high DF accuracy of 1° RMS from

20-400 MHz



• resistant to multi-path scattering and polarisa-

tion changes

Customer advantages



lation (and transport) easier and is suitable for

small space on board ships.



• Optionally integrated frequency extensions and

monitoring capabilities fit on one single mast on

board the ship.

Options available


inside antenna)

• Monitoring output from 20-3000 MHz (using voltage out from DF antenna to avoid distortion by a separate

monitoring antenna)

• DF frequency extension from 1-20 MHz (using active loop antennas with Watson-Watt principle)

DFA 2451Maritime direction finding antenna 20 - 3000 (6000) MHz

VHF UHFHF SHF

29

The full passive DFA 2455 is specially designed for highest precision and sensitivity. It intercepts the en-tire relevant frequency range for COMINT purposes and fits on a mast. With a DF accuracy of between 0.5°

and 1.5° RMS (depending on the frequency range) and its consistent 7 channels, the antenna is an excellent

match for PLATH‘s highly accurate DF receivers. The dipole antenna is vertically polarised, works consistently

with the correlative interferometer method and can be used in all climates. Installed on a suitable mast, it also

withstands wind speeds of up to 180 km/h. The integrated lightning rod protects the antenna against surges

caused by lightning strikes. The optional frequency extension to 6 GHz works with frequency conversion. This

eliminates the need for special cables and an extended frequency input on the direction finder.


• exceptional DF accuracy of 0.5° RMS from 20-

400 MHz

• unparalleled sensitivity 3 µV/m (typical) for fre-

quencies from 20-400 MHz



• resistant to multipath scattering and polarisati-

on changes

Customer advantages



lation (and transport) easier and is suitable in

rough terrain.



Options available


inside antenna)

• monitoring output from 20-3000 MHz (using voltage out from DF antenna to avoid distortion by a separate

monitoring antenna)

• DF frequency extension from 1-20 MHz (using active loop antennas with Watson-Watt principle)

DFA 2455Stationary direction finding antenna 20 - 3000 (6000) MHz

VHF UHFHF SHF

30

The active DFA 2440 is specially designed for installation on top of small vehicles. Its low signature makes it a perfect fit for inconspicuous operations.With a DF accuracy of 2° RMS (> 50 MHz) and its consistent 7 channels, the antenna is an excellent compro-

mise between accuracy and inconspicuousness. The dipole antenna is vertically polarised, works consistently

with the correlative interferometer method and can be used in all climates.




• low signature with a height of not more than

350 mm


tion changes

Customer advantages

• The lightweight construction and small diameter

allow mounting on the roof of most cars.

• Optionally integrated monitoring capabilities

reduce the conspicuousness of the installation.

Options available

• omnidirectional output for monitoring purposes (using voltage out from DF antenna to avoid distortion

by a separate monitoring antenna)

DFA 2440Direction finding antenna 20 - 3000 MHz

VHF UHF

31

The active DFA 2441 is specially designed for installation on top of small vehicles. Its low signature makes it a perfect fit for inconspicuous operations.With a DF accuracy of 2° RMS (> 50 MHz) and its consistent 7 channels, the antenna is an excellent compro-

mise between accuracy and inconspicuousness. The dipole antenna is vertically polarised, works consistently

with the correlative interferometer method and can be used in all climates.




• low signature with a height of not more than

620 mm


tion changes

Customer advantages

• The lightweight construction and small diameter

allow mounting on the roof of most cars.

• Optionally integrated monitoring capabilities re-

duce the conspicuousness of the installation

Options available

• omnidirectional output for monitoring purposes (using voltage out from DF antenna to avoid distortion by

a separate monitoring antenna)

DFA 2441Direction finding antenna 20 - 6000 MHz

VHF UHF SHF

32

The lightweight active CMA 2400 is specially designed for installation on standard vehicles. It intercepts the entire relevant frequency range for COMINT purposes and fits on a single mast.With a DF accuracy of between 1.5° and 2° RMS (depending on the frequency range) and its consistent 7 chan-

nels, the antenna is an excellent match for PLATH‘s highly accurate DF receivers. The dipole antenna is verti-

cally polarised, works consistently with the correlative interferometer method and can be used in all climates.

Installed on a suitable mast, it also withstands wind speeds of up to 180 km/h.



3000 MHz

• unparalleled sensitivity ≤ 10 µV/m (typical)


tion changes

• lightweight design (35 kg) makes it an optimal

choice for masts on vehicles

• integrated omnidirectional antenna

Customer advantages

• The antenna covers the entire relevant DF fre-

quency range fits on a single mast.

• The antenna is flexible to use at a high position

or lowered to the top of the vehicle. This allows

fast position changes during operation.

Options available

• built-in compass

CMA 2400Mobile direction finding antenna 20 - 3000 MHz

VHF UHF

33

The lightweight active DFA 2430 is specially designed for installation on small vehicles. It intercepts the entire relevant frequency range for COMINT purposes.With a DF accuracy of between 1.5° and 2° RMS (depending on the frequency range) and its consistent 7 chan-

nels, the antenna is an excellent match for PLATH‘s highly accurate DF receivers. The dipole antenna is verti-

cally polarised, works consistently with the correlative interferometer method and can be used in all climates.

Installed on a suitable mast, it also withstands wind speeds of up to 180 km/h. The integrated monitoring an-

tenna reduces installation requirements.



3100 MHz




tion changes

• lightweight design (42 kg) makes it an optimal

choice for masts on small vehicles

Customer advantages

• An antenna that covers the entire relevant DF

frequency range as well as integrated frequency

monitoring capabilities and fits on a single mast.

• DF frequencies from 3000-6000 MHz work with

frequency conversion to frequencies below

3000 MHz inside antenna avoiding additional DF

receivers.

Options available

• built-in compass

DFA 2430Mobile direction finding antenna 20 - 6000 MHz

VHF UHF SHF

34

The DFA 5080 is an active U-Adcock DF antenna especially designed for mobile operations. The set-up and dismantling time of less than 30 minutes allows for frequent position change of a mobile COMINT centre.Depending on the selected circle size (7-40 m diameter) and the number of selected circles (1-2), the DFA

5080 can reach a DF accuracy of less than 1° RMS for the full interception bandwidth. As well as the excellent

sensitivity, it has comparable performance to stationary HF DF antennas like U 646 or U 656 and facilitates the

Watson-Watt method. The integrated self-test features (BITE) allow for flawless remote operations.


• exceptional DF accuracy < 1° RMS

• highest sensitivity of typically 1 microV/m for

frequencies between 1-8 MHz and typically 100

nV/m for frequencies between 8-30 MHz

• fast set-up and dismantling

• specific ground network included

Customer advantages

• quality and performance of a stationary passive

DF antenna for mobile operations

• can be used as a replacement for passive sta-

tionary DF antennas, particularly at times when

location of ESM/COMINT forces may be changing

Options available

• second antenna circle for higher sensitivity and accuracy

• stationary installation kit

DFA 5080Transportable direction finding antenna 0.5 - 30 MHz

MF HF

35

The compact, mobile DF antenna FAA 321 is an active ferrite antenna for direction finding of ground wave signals in the frequency range from 0.5-30 MHz. The compact design allows installation on the roof of small cars and operation on the move.The cross-loop antenna uses active circuits to attain a high degree of sensitivity and facilitates the Watson-

Watt method. The low power consumption allows even battery operation. By design, the FAA 321 is inconspi-

cuous and enables numerous ways of integrating.


• amazing DF accuracy of ≤ 2° RMS for a compact,

mobile DF antenna

• low signature (height without rod only 45 mm)

• rooftop installation possible (low weight of 10 kg)

Customer advantages

• inconspicuous design allows inconspicuous in-

tegration in your platform

• low power consumption even allows battery

operation

FAA 321Mobile direction finding antenna 0.5 - 30 MHz

MF HF

36

The full passive U 646 is specially designed for highest precision and sensitivity. It intercepts signals from all over the world.With a DF accuracy of below 1° RMS and a sensitivity of 30-100 nV/m (depending on the frequency range) it is

possible, so to speak, to hear the grass grow and to know where it grows. The antenna is an excellent match for

PLATH‘s highly accurate DF receivers. The passive U-Adcock antenna is vertically polarised, works consistently

with the Watson-Watt method and can be used in all climates. It is delivered with self-supporting masts and

needs a concrete foundation. It withstands wind speeds of up to 150 km/h and has lightning protection of more

than 25 kA. A frequency extension to 10 kHz is optionally available.


• exceptional DF accuracy of below 1° RMS

• unparalleled sensitivity 30 nV/m (typical) for fre-


• interception of sky waves and ground waves

Customer advantages

• space and time saving installation due to self-

supporting masts (no guy wires)

• reliable operation even on ground that is a bad

conductor

Options available

• DF frequency extension from 0.01-1 MHz

• antenna test equipment

• omnidirectional monitoring

U 646Stationary direction finding antenna (0.01) 1 - 30 MHz

MF HF

37

The full passive U 656 is specially designed for highest precision and sensitivity. It intercepts signals from all over the world.With a DF accuracy of below 1° RMS and a sensitivity of 30-100 nV/m (depending on the frequency range) it is

possible, so to speak, to hear the grass grow and to know where it grows. The antenna is an excellent match for

PLATH‘s highly accurate DF receivers. The passive U-Adcock antenna is vertically polarised, works consistently

with the Watson-Watt method and can be used in all climates. It is delivered with self-supporting masts and

therefore does not need any concrete foundation. It withstands wind speeds of up to 130 km/h and has light-

ning protection of more than 25 kA.


• exceptional DF accuracy of below 1° RMS

• unparalleled sensitivity 30 nV/m (typical) for fre-


• interception of sky waves and ground waves

Customer advantages

• space and time saving installation due to self-

supporting masts (no guy wires)

• possibility to relocate antenna due to dispensing

with concrete foundation

• reliable operation even on ground that is a bad

conductor

Options available

• DF frequency extension from 0.01-1 MHz

• antenna test equipment

• omnidirectional monitoring

U 656Stationary direction finding antenna (0.01) 1 - 30 MHz

MF HF

38

The MAN 5180 is an active, omnidirectional radio monitoring antenna that is developed for intercepting ver-tically polarised sky and ground waves in the frequency range from 1-30 MHz.With an installation time of less than 10 minutes, MAN 5180 is well suited for semi-mobile operation. Its low

intermodulation distortion allows clear signal detection with less distortion. A ground network ensures high

performance even on low soil conductivity.


• excellent linearity (IP2 ≤ 60 dBm / IP3 ≤ 40 dBm)

• ground network

Customer advantages

• operational capability in less than 10 minutes

• near stationary performance with a semi-mobile

antenna

Options available

• power supply and shelter connection unit

MAN 5180Semi-mobile monitoring antenna 1 - 30 MHz

MF HF

40

DFA 2450 DFA 2451 DFA 2455 DFA 2440 DFA 2441 CMA 2400 DFA 2430DF frequency range 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-6000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-6000 MHz

Sub range 1 MF/ HF - 0.5-20 MHz 0.5-20 MHz - - - -

System sensitivity )*** -0.5-6 MHz typ. 10 µVm 6-30 MHz typ. 3 µV/m

0.5-6 MHz typ. 10 µVm 6-30 MHz typ. 3 µV/m

- - - -

DF accuracy )** - ≤ 2° RMS ≤ 2° RMS - - - -

Sub range 2 VHF 20-200 MHz 20-400 MHz 20-400 MHz 20-50 MHz 20-50 MHz 20-120 MHz 20-100 MHz

System sensitivity )* typ. 60 µV/m typ. 6 µV/m typ. 3 µV/m typ. 15 µV/m typ. 15 µV/m typ. 9 µV/m typ. 9µV/m

DF accuracy )** 2° RMS 1° RMS 0.5° RMS typ. < 5° RMS typ. < 5° RMS 2° RMS 2° RMS

Sub range 3 VHF / UHF 200-1200 MHz 400-1200 MHz 400-1200 MHz 50-1000 MHz 50-1000 MHz 120-600 MHz 100-1200 MHz

System sensitivity )* typ. 9 µV/m typ. 7 µV/m typ. 7 µV/m typ. 3 µV/m typ. 3 µV/m typ. 9 µV/m typ. 9 µV/m

DF accuracy )** 1.5° RMS 1.5° RMS 1.5° RMS 2° RMS 2° RMS 1.5° RMS 1.5° RMS

Sub range 4 UHF 1200-3000 MHz 1200-3000 MHz 1200-3000 MHz 1000-3000 MHz 1000-3000 MHz 600-3000 MHz 1200-3100 MHz



Sub range 5 SHFoptional 3000-6000 MHz

optional 3000-6000 MHz


- 3000-6000 MHz - 3100-6000 MHz

System sensitivity )* optional typ. 30 µV/m optional typ. 30 µV/m optional typ. 30 µV/m - typ. 50 µV/m - typ. 25 µV/m

DF accuracy )** optional 1.5° RMS optional 1.5° RMS optional 1.5° RMS - 2.5° RMS - 2° RMS

DF method CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1

Antenna type passive passive passive active active active active

Antenna configuration dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole

Number of antenna elements 21 21 21 14 21 21 28

Number of channels 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Polarisation vertical vertical vertical vertical vertical vertical vertical

Omnidirectional monitoring antenna / output option option option option option standard standard

BITE external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration

Operating temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Environmental protection IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55

Maximum wind velocity (w/o ice) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s)

MTBF > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h

Power consumption 12 VDC, lmax= 2.5A 12 VDC, lmax= 2.5A 12 VDC, lmax= 2.5A 12 VDC, lmax= 3A 12 VDC, lmax= 3A 12 VDC, lmax= 4A 12 VDC, lmax= 5A

Weight 45 kg )3 55 kg )3 130 kg )3 30 kg )3 30 kg )3 35 kg )3 42 kg )3

Diameter 640 mm 1200 mm 3000 mm 1106 mm 1106 mm 750 mm 750 mm

Height 1940 mm 1940 mm 3790 mm 350 mm 620 mm 800 mm 1100 mm

Installation tower tower tower car (rooftop) car (rooftop) mast mast

Extraslightning rod (protection); AV box

lightning rod (protetion); AV box


- - mast adapter mast adapter

Options

Frequency extension 3000-6000 MHz option option option select DFA 2441 - select DFA 2430 standard

Omnidirectional monitoring - option option option option standard standard

Frequency extension 1-20 MHz - option option - - - -

Built-in compass - - - option - option -

Global remarks:

All antennas have been tested for CE conformity.

Overview

41

DFA 2450 DFA 2451 DFA 2455 DFA 2440 DFA 2441 CMA 2400 DFA 2430DF frequency range 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-6000 MHz 20-3000 MHz 20-6000 MHz

Sub range 1 MF/ HF - 0.5-20 MHz 0.5-20 MHz - - - -

System sensitivity )*** -0.5-6 MHz typ. 10 µVm 6-30 MHz typ. 3 µV/m


- - - -

DF accuracy )** - ≤ 2° RMS ≤ 2° RMS - - - -

Sub range 2 VHF 20-200 MHz 20-400 MHz 20-400 MHz 20-50 MHz 20-50 MHz 20-120 MHz 20-100 MHz

System sensitivity )* typ. 60 µV/m typ. 6 µV/m typ. 3 µV/m typ. 15 µV/m typ. 15 µV/m typ. 9 µV/m typ. 9µV/m

DF accuracy )** 2° RMS 1° RMS 0.5° RMS typ. < 5° RMS typ. < 5° RMS 2° RMS 2° RMS

Sub range 3 VHF / UHF 200-1200 MHz 400-1200 MHz 400-1200 MHz 50-1000 MHz 50-1000 MHz 120-600 MHz 100-1200 MHz



Sub range 4 UHF 1200-3000 MHz 1200-3000 MHz 1200-3000 MHz 1000-3000 MHz 1000-3000 MHz 600-3000 MHz 1200-3100 MHz



Sub range 5 SHFoptional 3000-6000 MHz



- 3000-6000 MHz - 3100-6000 MHz

System sensitivity )* optional typ. 30 µV/m optional typ. 30 µV/m optional typ. 30 µV/m - typ. 50 µV/m - typ. 25 µV/m

DF accuracy )** optional 1.5° RMS optional 1.5° RMS optional 1.5° RMS - 2.5° RMS - 2° RMS

DF method CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1 CI )1

Antenna type passive passive passive active active active active

Antenna configuration dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole

Number of antenna elements 21 21 21 14 21 21 28

Number of channels 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Polarisation vertical vertical vertical vertical vertical vertical vertical

Omnidirectional monitoring antenna / output option option option option option standard standard

BITE external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration external calibration

Operating temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Environmental protection IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55 IP 55

Maximum wind velocity (w/o ice) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s)

MTBF > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h > 50000 h

Power consumption 12 VDC, lmax= 2.5A 12 VDC, lmax= 2.5A 12 VDC, lmax= 2.5A 12 VDC, lmax= 3A 12 VDC, lmax= 3A 12 VDC, lmax= 4A 12 VDC, lmax= 5A

Weight 45 kg )3 55 kg )3 130 kg )3 30 kg )3 30 kg )3 35 kg )3 42 kg )3

Diameter 640 mm 1200 mm 3000 mm 1106 mm 1106 mm 750 mm 750 mm

Height 1940 mm 1940 mm 3790 mm 350 mm 620 mm 800 mm 1100 mm

Installation tower tower tower car (rooftop) car (rooftop) mast mast

Extraslightning rod (protection); AV box



- - mast adapter mast adapter

Options

Frequency extension 3000-6000 MHz option option option select DFA 2441 - select DFA 2430 standard

Omnidirectional monitoring - option option option option standard standard

Frequency extension 1-20 MHz - option option - - - -

Built-in compass - - - option - option -

)* bearing variance = 2° / bandwidth = 500 Hz )1 correlative interferometer

)** (reflection-free environment / after calibration) )2 Watson-Watt

)3 without options / entry panel / cables

Antennas

42

DFA 5080 FAA 321DF frequency range 0.5-30 MHz 0.5-30 MHz

Sub range 1 VLF / LF / MF - -

System sensitivity )*** - -

DF accuracy )** - -

Sub range 2 MF / HF 0.5 - 30 MHz 0.5 - 30 MHz

System sensitivity )***1-8 MHz typ. 1 µV/m 8-30 MHz typ. 100 nV/m


DF accuracy )** ≤ 1° RMS ≤ 2° RMS

DF method WW)2 WW )2

Antenna type active active

Antenna configuration U-Adcock cross-loop

Number of antenna elements 8/16 8

Number of channels 3/5 5

Polarisation vertical vertical

Operating temperature -40 °C to +55 °C -25 °C to +55 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +75 °C

Environmental protection IP 55 IP 55

Maximum wind velocity (w/o ice) 180 km/h (50 m/s) 180 km/h (50 m/s)

MTBF > 50000 h > 50000 h

Power consumption 100 V-230 V AC / 24 V 15 V DC, lmax=250 mA

Weight 250 kg / 350 kg 10 kg

Diameter 15 m-45 m 440 mm

Height 2300 mm 45-70 mm

Required space 3000 m2 car (rooftop)

Installation self supporting car (rooftop) / tripod

Set-up time 30 minutes fixed installation / 10 min

Extras - -

Options

Omnidirectional monitoring - -

Frequency extension 10 Hz-1 MHz - -

Global remarks:


43



)*** bearing variance = 2° / bandwidth = 125 Hz )3 without options / entry panel / cables

)**** at bandwidth = 1 Hz

U 646 U 656DF frequency range 1-30 MHz 1-30 MHz

Sub range 1 VLF / LF / MF as an option 10 kHz - 1 MHz -

System sensitivity )*** - -

DF accuracy )** ≤ 1.5° RMS ≤ 1.5° RMS

Sub range 2 MF / HF 1 - 30 MHz 1 - 30 MHz

System sensitivity )***1-8 MHz typ. 30 nV/m 8-30 MHz typ. 100 nV/m

1-8 MHz typ. 30 nV/m 8-30 MHz typ. 100 nV/m

DF accuracy )** ≤ 1° RMS ≤ 1° RMS

DF method WW )2 WW )2

Antenna type passive passive

Antenna confuguration U-Adcock U-Adcock

Number of antenna elements 24 24

Number of channels 5 5

Polarisation vertical vertical

BITE / ATE (Antenna Test Equipment) via ATE via ATE

Operating temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C -40 °C to +70 °C

Environmental protection IP 55 IP 55

Maximum wind velocity (w/o ice) 150 km/h 130 km/h

MTBF > 100000 h > 100000 h

Weight 13.5 kg 18.5 kg

Diameter 10 m + 40 m circle 10 m + 40 m circle

Height 7 m + 15 m 7 m + 15 m

Required space 3000 m2 3000 m2

Installation no ropes, self-supporting masts, concrete foundation

self supporting, no ropes, no concrete foundation

Set-up time fixed installation fixed installation

Extras ≥25 kA (lightning protection) ≥25 kA (lightning protection)

Options

Omnidirectional monitoring via OHF 6589 via OHF 6589

Frequency extension 10 Hz - 1 MHz VKR 796 VKR 796

44



)*** bearing variance = 2° / bandwidth = 125 Hz )3 without options / entry panel / cables

)**** at bandwidth = 1 Hz

MAN 5180Frequency range

Sub range MF / HF 1 - 30 MHz

Sensitivity 1 - 4 MHz typ. 1 µV/m 4 - 30 MHz < 100 µV/m)****

VSWR 1.5:1

IP2 ≥ 70 dBm

IP3 ≥ 40 dBm

Antenna type active

Antenna confuguration monopole

Polarisation vertical

System impedance 50 ΩBITE -

Operating temperature -40 °C to +55 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C

Environmental protection IP 55

MTBF > 50000 h

Power consumption 24 V DC, lmax= 0.25 A

Weight 8 kg

Diameter 6 m

Height 2300 mm

Required space 40 m2

Installation self supporting

Set-up time 10 minutes

Global remarks:


46

Signal distributions

As a manufacturer and developer of high-quality sensors, we do not want to allow any losses on the way between the antenna and the receiver. In addition to the use of the best possible cables, this also means that the distribution of signals to multiple receivers or the coupling of multiple antennas to a receiver must be almost loss-free. You can look at our products on the following pages.

Signal distribution does not have to result in losses

47

DFM 4221Direction finding antenna multicoupler 1 - 30 MHz

MF HF

With the DFM 4221, up to 8 DF receivers can be connected to one DF antenna. The different channels of the DFM 4221 are matched to each other in amplitude and phase. Thus, the DF accuracy is not adversely affected.The DFM 4221 has excellent specifications with very low noise and exceptional linearity (IP2/IP3). The

architecture is based on the use of high dynamic range amplifiers followed by passive power dividers,

resulting in remarkably low power consumption.


• amplitude and phase matching between channels

(≤ 0.3 dB)

• exceptionally high linearity


• compact, modular and scalable design

• low noise figure (≤ 7 dB @ 2-30 MHz)

• isolation input – input and output – input ≥ 50 dB

Customer advantages

• reduces total cost of ownership (TCO) by low

power consumption

Options available

• extension for 16, 32 or 48 channels

48

AUS 6650Antenna switch 1 - 30 MHz

MF HF

The AUS 6650 is required to connect a three-channel DF antenna, consisting of two antenna systems (circles), to a single DF receiver and is stationary or mobile.Due to extremely short switching times and the use of maintenance-free semiconductor components, this

antenna switch is particularly well suited for use in conjunction with modern, broadband direction finding

receivers with scanning capabilities. Switching is automatically controlled via an interface of the DF receiver

and can also be used simultaneously by two DF receivers.


• decoupling input - input ≥ 50 dB



• switch-over time ≤ 100 µs

Customer advantages

• enables you to also scan over a split frequency

range (as is the case with a two-circle antenna)

49

ASM 4221Antenna switching matrix 1 - 30 MHz

MF HF

The loss-free ASM 4221 modular antenna switching matrix, with its large dynamic bandwidth of the amp-lifiers, passive current distribution and the use of relays, has exceptionally high linearity and a remarkably low noise figure.The ASM 4221 supports the individual adaptation of the number of antenna inputs and outputs to the speci-

fic needs of our customers. Thus, deviating from the standard (32 x 32), smaller and larger matrices can also

be supplied. It is also possible to make several smaller matrices in a case, or larger matrices by combining

multiple enclosures. To control power consumption - one of the biggest challenges for large matrices - the

matrix automatically switches off unused amplifiers. Due to the automatic counting of the switching opera-

tions, modules can be replaced in good time and during operation.


• non-blocking switching

• scalable up to 32 inputs and 32 outputs in one

enclosure

• high isolation of adjacent input channels (≥ 50 dB)

• exceptionally high linearity


• low noise figure (≤ 7 dB)

• very low switching time of 3 ms

Customer advantages

• enables to adapt the matrix to the current needs

and extent at any later time

• Particularly in large versions with a high number

of channels, the use of the ASM 4221 saves large

amounts of electricity.

Options available

• matrix control software

• matrix control server

50


Easy to configure and easy to use were the guidelines for the development of our operating and configura-tion software. Even though the receiver became more and more performant, we kept our software simple and clear. The “look and feel” has been constant and field-proven for decades. Furthermore, these applica-tions form the interface to information management or intelligence systems of solution providers.

High-performance computing applications that reduce the complexity of intercepted mass data work com-pletely in the background and do not need to be understood in every detail by every operator.

World class products should be usable by everyone

51

DDADirection finding data analyser

UHF SHF

Modern broadband receivers use powerful software for automatic pre-classification and analysis of data in order to derive knowledge from DF data. The DDA represents the next generation of automatic detection and is software that has been optimised for decades, always delivering amazing results on the edge of the technically feasible.The DDA processes and analyses DF data from broadband receivers in all COMINT frequency ranges up to

6 GHz. It detects and classifies frequency agile signals with a speed of up to 999 hops/s safely and automati-

cally, even in very dense frequency ranges. For this, the DDA uses a multi-dimensional DF data analysis based

on frequency, bandwidth, time, bearing angle, amplitude and more parameters.


• emitter detection and pre-classification for up to:

29.5 million bearings per second (HF) or

20 million bearings per second (VHF/UHF)

• extensive data reduction (1000:1) due to intelligent

noise reduction and disturbance elimination

• up to 999 hops/s

Customer advantages

• The DDA guarantees automatic detection and

description of all signals in the determined fre-

quency range.

• Data reduction allows data transfer between

centre and remote sites even via tactical radio.

Options available

• DDA Basic - hopper detection up to 999 hops/s in VHF/UHF

• DDA Extended - hopper detection up to 2000 hops/s in VHF/UHF

HF VHFMF

Identification and timingAzimuthFrequency and bandwidthPowerShape parameters

52

WIN DFManual direction finding software

WIN DF has been developed to control and configure PLATH DF receivers and to measure and visualise their results. It includes functions for manual operation of broadband DF receivers.WIN DF provides various views such as a DF spectrum, DF display in polar coordinates, amplitude spectrum,

amplitude history and zoom spectrum. It also provides the possibility to create a station list to store fre-

quently observed stations together with their parameters. Finally, it has a variety of frequency control and

scan functions.


• enhanced DF accuracy by frequency diversity

and time diversity

• display of spectral data as well as conventional

DF results

• 60 seconds memory for raw data replay

• live demodulation and replay of audio

• reliable detection of short time signals

Customer advantages

• control and configure all PLATH DF receivers with

one application

UHF SHFHF VHFMF

53

WIN MONManual monitoring software

WIN MON has been developed to control and configure PLATH monitoring receivers and to measure and visu-alise their results. It includes functions for manual operation of broadband receivers.WIN MON provides various views such as a frequency occupation diagram, spectrum data for search and

analysis, amplitude spectrum, amplitude history and zoom spectrum. It also provides the possibility to create

a station list to store frequently observed stations together with their parameters. Finally, WIN MON can mana-

ge up to 4 DDC channels and display individual channels with a frequency resolution of more than 8 Hz. This

allows the signal spectrum to be precisely analysed.


• display of spectral data as well as demodulated

audio

• 60 seconds memory for raw data replay

• reliable detection of short time signals

• live demodulation and replay of audio

Customer advantages

• control and configure all PLATH monitoring

receivers with one application

UHF SHFHF VHFMF

54

Big data inside COMINT systems

59,000,000 DF lines per second, 3,540,000,000 DF lines per minute, 212,400,000,000 DF lines per hour: this is what we call big data. Receiving this from several DF receivers means that you will not have the storage for handling this amount of data for a prolonged time.

Our DF data analyser (DDA) will not only handle

this for you, it will produce high quality and mana-

geable data out of it.

Data reduction by correlation

The first and biggest challenge is to find the data

that belong to each other. Once the DDA has cor-

related and identified these data, it is possible for

them to summarise and reduce them to their me-

tadata. The DDA regularly achieves a reduction of

the data by a factor of 1,000. This technology has

been developed and improved by PLATH for de-

cades. In this way, we not only achieve a unique

accuracy of bearing results but also significantly

improve subsequent location calculations.

Detecting bursts and hops

If you now have so many DF results per second

available, then can you also easily detect whether

a signal is a fixed frequency signal, a burst signal

or a signal in a frequency hopping? In principle

yes, but it is necessary to correlate the signals

with each other.

The DDA finds out if one signal belongs to ano-

ther, if it has the same signal characteristics, if the

length is identical, and if it comes from the same

direction. And these are just a few of the criteria

that the DDA includes in the calculation. As a result,

even in a dense signal spectrum, the DDA is able

to detect frequency hopping with a hop rate of up

to 999 or up to 2000 hops per second. Impressive.

To get more information about the technology be-

hind, please contact our sales managers for a in-

dividual demonstration of the DDA capabilities.

56

(Extended)

Warranty

Training

on the device

Integration

support

Maintenance

contract

57

Of course, all our products come with

12 months warranty. In addition, our

customers can extend this time by

concluding a maintenance contract.

(Extended) Warranty

Training on the device

Maintenance contract

Integration support

Sensors servicesAt PLATH we place a high value on supporting your system performance as we do in creating outstanding intelligence solutions. Our services are not simply about keeping your system working. They are about maximising your system performance.

While we believe that our products

will never fail, it is helpful to stockpile

spare parts in case of mechanical da-

mage, receive regular firmware and

software updates, and have a hotline

for configuration and operation ques-

tions. We are also happy to take over

management of obsolescence and

other services as part of a mainte-

nance contract.

Our trainers are available on request

if you need training for the device

and/or software. Please understand

that we do not teach domain-speci-

fic knowledge, but restrict ourselves

to the operation of our products. For

ESM and COMINT training courses,

please contact our Training Business

Unit.

If you need our support in integrating

our products into your system, we

are always at your disposal.

58

Sensors glossary

Direction Finding Methods The Watson-Watt technique uses two Adcock

antenna pairs to perform an amplitude comparison

on the incoming signal. An Adcock antenna pair is

a pair of monopole or dipole antennas that takes

the vector difference of the received signal at each

antenna so that there is only one output from the

pair of antennas. Two of these pairs are co-located

but perpendicularly oriented to produce what can

be referred to as the N-S (North-South) and E-W

(East-West) signals that will then be passed to

the receiver. In the receiver, the bearing angle can

then be computed by taking the arctangent of the

ratio of the N-S to E-W signal.

The basic principle of the correlative interfe-rometer consists of comparing the measured

phase differences with the phase differences

obtained for a DF antenna system of known

configuration at a known wave angle (reference

data set). The comparison is made for different

azimuth values of the reference data set, the

bearing is obtained from the data for which

the correlation coefficient is at a maximum. If

the direction-finding antenna elements have a

directional antenna pattern, then the amplitude

may be included in the comparison.

Dynamic Range Dynamic range is the ratio between the largest

and smallest values that a certain quantity can

assume. It is often used in the context of signals,

like sound and light. It is measured either as a ratio

or as a base-10 (decibel) or base-2 (doublings,

bits or stops) logarithmic value of the difference

between the smallest and largest signal values.

Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the

strength ratio of the fundamental signal to the

strongest spurious signal in the output. It is also

defined as a measure used to specify analogue-

to-digital and digital-to-analogue converters (ADCs

and DACs, respectively) and radio receivers.

SFDR is defined as the ratio of the RMS value of the

carrier wave (maximum signal component) at the

input of the ADC or output of DAC to the RMS value

of the next largest noise or harmonic distortion

component (which is referred to as “spurious” or

a “spur”) at its output. SFDR is usually measured

in dBc (i.e. with respect to the carrier signal

amplitude) or in dBFS (i.e. with respect to the ADC‘s

full-scale range). Depending on the test condition,

SFDR is observed within a pre-defined frequency

window or from DC up to Nyquist frequency of the

converter (ADC or DAC).

59

In the case of a radio receiver application, the

definition is slightly different. The reference is the

minimum detectable signal level at the input of a

receiver, which can be calculated through using

knowledge of the noise figure and the input signal

bandwidth of the receiver or the system. The

difference between this value and the input level

which will produce distortion products equal to

the minimum detectable signal in relation to the

input of the system is the SFDR of the system.

However, this procedure is mainly reliable for ADCs.

In RF systems where output spurious signals are

nonlinear function of input power, more precise

measurement is required to consider this non-

linearity in power.

Intermediate Frequency dynamic range (IMFDR) The IMFDR is often referred to as IMFDR3. In

this case, the number “3“ refers to the 3rd

order interference products as they cannot be

suppressed further by filtering and stand out

the most clearly from the interference products

of higher order. SFDR and IMFDR3 are often used

interchangeably, but IMFDR3, strictly speaking,

only describes the level difference between two

equal tone signals and the levels of 3rd order

interference products just out of the noise. The

IMFDR is usually specified in dB.

Intercept Point

The Second Order Intercept Point, also known as

the SOI, IP2, or IIP2 (Input Intercept Point), is a

measure of linearity that quantifies the second-

order distortion generated by nonlinear systems

and devices. Examples of frequently used

devices that are concerned with this measure

are amplifiers and mixers. It is related to the third-

order intercept point, which is generally used for

quantifying degree of nonlinearity of a nonlinear

system or it can also be used to estimate the

nonlinear products present at the output of such

a system.

In telecommunications, a third-order intercept point (IP3) is a specific figure of merit associated

with the more general Third Order Intermodulation

(TOI) distortion, which is a measure for weakly

nonlinear systems and devices, for example

receivers, linear amplifiers and mixers. It is based

on the idea that the device nonlinearity can be

modelled using a low-order polynomial, derived by

means of Taylor series expansion. The third-order

intercept point relates nonlinear products caused

by the third-order nonlinear term to the linearly

amplified signal, in contrast to the second-order

intercept point that uses second-order terms.

60

IP3 is the generally accepted unambiguous term

for the third-order intercept point, although one

occasionally sees the use of TOI for this figure

of merit; such use is considered as incorrect by

experts in the field.

The intercept point is a purely mathematical

concept and does not correspond to a practically

occurring physical power level. In many cases,

it lies far beyond the damage threshold of the

device.

Maintenance

Mean time between failures (MTBF) is the

predicted elapsed time between inherent failures

of a mechanical or electronic system during

normal system operation. MTBF can be calculated

as the arithmetic mean (average) time between

failures of a system. The term is used for repairable

systems while mean time to failure (MTTF) denotes

the expected time to failure for a non-repairable

system.

Built-in test equipment (BITE) primarily refers

to passive fault management and diagnosis

equipment built into systems to support

maintenance processes. Built-in test equipment

includes multimeters, oscilloscopes, discharge

probes and frequency generators that are

provided as part of the system to enable testing

and perform diagnostics.

Mobility

On-the-move means that operation of equipment

is possible during movement of vehicle/ person.

Mobile means that operation of equipment is

possible after a very short set-up time < 10 minutes.

Semi-mobile means that Operation of Equipment

is possible after set-up time < 30 minutes.

Transportable means that equipment can be

transported from one position to another without

additional logistics.

Stationary means that equipment needs

additional logistics to be transported from one

position to another.

61

Receiver characteristics

Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop

feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain

of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain

a suitable signal amplitude at its output despite

variation of the signal amplitude at the input.

The average or peak output signal level is used

to dynamically adjust the gain of the amplifiers,

enabling the circuit to work satisfactorily with

a greater range of input signal levels. It is used

in most radio receivers to equalise the average

volume (loudness) of different radio stations

due to differences in received signal strength,

as well as variations in a single station‘s radio

signal due to fading. Without AGC, the sound

emitted from an AM radio receiver would vary

to an extreme extent from a weak to a strong

signal; the AGC effectively reduces the volume

if the signal is strong and raises it when it is

weaker. In a typical receiver, the AGC feedback

control signal is usually taken from the detector

stage and applied to control the gain of the IF or

RF amplifier stages.

In radio engineering and telecommunications,

standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure

of impedance matching of loads to the

characteristic impedance of a transmission line

or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in

standing waves along the transmission line, and

SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing

wave‘s amplitude at an antinode (maximum) to

the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the

line. The SWR is usually thought of in terms of

the maximum and minimum AC voltages along

the transmission line, thus called the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). For example, the

VSWR value 1.2:1 denotes an AC voltage due to

standing waves along the transmission line

reaching a peak value 1.2 times that of the minimum

AC voltage along that line. The SWR can also be

defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude

to minimum amplitude of the transmission line‘s

currents, electric field strength or the magnetic

field strength. Neglecting transmission line loss,

these ratios are identical.

In digital signal processing, a digital down-converter (DDC) converts a digitised, band

limited signal to a lower frequency signal at a

lower sampling rate in order to simplify the

subsequent radio stages. The process preserves

all the information in the original signal less

that which is lost to rounding errors in the

mathematical processes. The input and output

62

signals can be real or complex samples. Often

the DDC converts from the raw radio frequency

or intermediate frequency down to a complex

baseband signal.

I/Q Data is a signal representation much more

precise than just using a series of samples of the

momentary amplitude of the signal. I/Q data are

merely a translation of amplitude and phase data

from a polar coordinate system to a Cartesian

(X,Y) coordinate system. Using trigonometry,

you can convert the polar coordinate sine wave

information into Cartesian I/Q sine wave data.

These two representations are equivalent and

contain the same information, just in different

forms.

A preselector is a name for an electronic device

that connects between a radio antenna and

a radio receiver. The preselector is a band-

pass filter that blocks troublesome out-of-tune

frequencies from passing through from the

antenna into the radio receiver (or preamplifier)

that otherwise would be directly connected to

the antenna.

User Domains

Electronic Support (ES) or Electronic Support Measures (ESM) describe the part of Electronic

Warfare involving actions to detect, intercept,

identify, locate, record, and/or analyse sources

of transmitted electromagnetic energy for

the purposes of immediate threat recognition

or longer-term operational planning. Thus,

Electronic Support provides a source of

information required for decisions involving

electronic protection, avoidance, targeting, and

other tactical employment of forces.

COMINT (Communications Intelligence) is a sub-

category of signals intelligence that engages

in dealing with messages or voice information

derived from the interception of foreign

communications. It should be noted that COMINT

is commonly referred to as SIGINT, which can

cause confusion when talking about the broader

intelligence disciplines.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), originally the International Telegraph Union,

is a specialised agency of the United Nations

(UN) that is responsible for issues that concern

information and communication technologies.

63

The ITU coordinates the shared global use of

the radio spectrum, promotes international

cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works

to improve telecommunication infrastructure

in the developing world, and assists in the

development and coordination of worldwide

technical standards.

www.plathgroup.com

V1.1

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20

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to m

odifi

catio

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Gotenstraße 18

20097 Hamburg

Germany

PLATH GmbH

+49 40 237 34-0Phone

[email protected]

www.plath.de

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