SILETHA UCWANINGO KUBANTU - BRINGING SCIENCE TO THE PEOPLE

AFRICA HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE MAGAZINE JANUARY 2017

SILETHA UCWANINGO KUBANTU - BRINGING SCIENCE TO THE PEOPLE

AFRICA HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE MAGAZINE JANUARY 2017

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OKUQUKETHWEIZINKONDLOPoetry

USUKU LUKAMANDELA/ CAREER DAYMandela Day/ Career Day

UKWETHULA I-AHRI, ISIKHONDLAKHONDLA SOCWANINGO KWAZULU-NATALIIntroducing AHRI, a KwaZulu-Natal Research Powerhouse

IZIFINYEZO ZEMPILO NGOKWENKOLOHealth Through Faith

IZILAWULI ZEMVELO ZE-HIVHIV Natural Controllers

ASIBAMBISANE

CALENDAR

HLANGANA NABACWANINGI BETHU - BONISILE LUTHULIMeet Our Researchers

XDR TB

6 STEPS TO A HEALTHIER LIFE

UCWANINGO LWE-TASPTasp Findings

UMZIMBA ONEMPILO, INGQONDO ENEMPILO: UKUGIJIMELA UBUMNANDIA Healthy Body, A Healthy Mind: Fun Run

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SIQINISA UBUDLELWANEIT’S IMPORTANT FOR AHRI TO KEEP THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH LOCAL LEADERS STRONG. HERE ARE SOME PHOTOS OF RECENT MEETINGS BETWEEN THE AHRI DIRECTOR DEENAN PILLAY AND OUR LOCAL LEADERS.

01. Member of the Tribal Council with Deenan Pillay and UndunaNkulu Ntutuko Mkwanazi (centre) holding hands in front of the bull, a peace offering gift from AHRI

02. The Honourable mayor of Mtutubatuba Mr MQ Mkwanazi sharesa laugh with AHRI director Deenan Pillay at the Africa Centre Building

03. Members of the Tribal Council with staff members from AHRI’s Africa Centre Building after a successful meeting

04. Deenan Pillay and UndunaNkulu Ntutuko Mkwanazi share a jovial handshake Ph

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Siyakubingelela Mfundi

Lesi yisikhathi esijabulisayo sonyaka lapho senza khona izinhlelo Zonyaka Omusha futhi sizibophezela eziqalweni ezintsha. Esinye sezibonelo zalokhu ukuvuselela kanye nokuqinisekisa ubudlelwano bethu kwakabusha esisanda kukwenza noMkhandlu woBukhosi kanye noMasipala wendawo. Okunye yilokho kuthuthuka okusanda kwenzeka e-Afrika Centre. Ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelelile i-Afrika Centre for Population Health yahlangana yaba yinto eyodwa neKwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB (iK-RITH) ukusungula i-Africa Health Research Institute (i-AHRI).

Abaxhasi bacelela i-Africa Centre neK-RITH ukuba bahlangane babe munye base besethwesa umthwalo wokusungula isikhungo esisha i-AHRI esizoba yimpumelelo. I-AHRI yenziwe yenzeka ngoxhaso lwezimali zesihle ezivele kwi-Wellcome Trust ne-Howard Hughes Medical Institute (i-HHMI), kwase kuthi i-UCL (i-University College London) kanye neNyunivesi yaKwaZulu-Natali (i-UKZN) baba ngabambambisani abasemqoka kwezokufundisa. Izinhloso zethu ezintsha zocwaningo zihlose ukuhlomulisa umphakakthi ngokwesekelwa okubonakalayo kwezokunakakelwa kweHIV, kanjalo ngokufanayo nokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Konke lokhu bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwakho – wena lungu lomphakathi nobuholi bomphakathi, obesekela ucwaningo lwethu futhi buqhubeke njalo nokuba yingxenye yesikwenzayo. Ngifuna ukukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu esesikubiza ngeSakhiwo i-Africa Centre Building kuzohlala lapha isikhathi eside manje njengoba sesithole uxhaso lwezimali lweminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Eqinisweni sinethemba elikhulu lokuthi ziningi kakhulu izimali zokuxhaswa ngesihle esizozithola eminyakeni ezayo. Kamumva nje sisanda kuthola uxhaso lwemali yesihle oluvela eMnyangweni Wezesayense noBuchwepheshe. Lolu xhaso luzosisiza ukusabalalisa iNgqalasizinda Yezokuxhumana ezobizwa ngokuthi i-South African Network of Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites Research Infrastructure, ezolumbanisa ingqalasizinda yethu yocwaningo ngomphakathi nezinye eziseNingizimu Afrika ukuze sikwazi ukulinganisa umthelela wezempilo nenqubo-mgomo emiphumeleni, kanye nokuveza ithuba lokuqhamuka nokungenelela kocwaningo oluzinze emphakathini.

Lokhu kungezinye zezibonelo eziningi ezizokwenza i-AHRI ikwazi ukuthi ithole ukuxhaseka ngezezimali ukuze ikhule ebese ngokunjalo isabalala nesethemba ukuthi ikhulise isidingo sesibalo sabasebenzi e-Africa Centre Building kanye naseK-RITH Towers eThekwini.

Ngiyaphinda futhi, ngidlulisa ukubonga kwethu kini nonke ngomnikelo wenu eniwenzile kwezocwaningo esilwenzayo sinicela futhi ukuba niqhubeke nokusesekela. Sijabule kakhulu ngonyaka ka-2017 ngokunjalo nawe kumele ujabule. Sikufisela okuhle kodwa onyekeni ozayo.

NguDeenan

Dear Reader,This is an exciting time of the year where we make plans for the New Year and embark on new beginnings. One example of this is recently reaffirming and solidifying our relationship with the tribal council and the local municipality. Another is the recent development at Africa Centre. Late last year Africa Centre for Population Health merged with the KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB-HIV (K-RITH) to create Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI).

The funders asked Africa Centre and K-RITH to merge and trusted us make the new institute AHRI a success. AHRI is made possible through grants from Wellcome Trust and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), with UCL (University College London) and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) as significant academic partners. Our new research aims to benefit the population through active support for HIV care, as well as diagnosis of diabetes and high blood pressure.

All of this would not have been possible without you – the community member and the community leaders, who support our research and continue to be a part of what we do. I want to assure you that what we now call Africa Centre Building is here to stay for a long time now that we have secured funding for the next five years. In fact we are optimistic there will be more funding granted in the near future. We recently received a new grant from the Department of Science and Technology. This funding will support the rollout of the South African Network of Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites Research Infrastructure, which links our own population research infrastructure to others in South Africa in order to assess the impact of health and social policy on outcomes, and to provide an opportunity for new population based intervention studies.

This is just one of many examples of ways in which AHRI can get the financial boost to grow and in turn expand and hopefully increase staff needs at the Africa Centre Building in Somkhele and at the K-RITH Towers Building in Durban.Again, we are grateful to you for all the contributions that you have made to the research that we do and ask that you continue to support us.

We are excited about 2017 and so should you. Wishing you all the best in the year ahead.

Deenan

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTORDEENAN PILLAY

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Who Else If Not Me?

Who Else If Not Me?Born early 70’sBefore 1 year old immunisation dug a hole on my buttocksWhen 1 year old I got burnt on my buttocksWhen 4 years old burnt grandmother’s house to ashes.Who Else If Not Me?When 6 years old had to look after two kids:,6 month and 1 year oldCould not go to school, Only started school when 8 years oldAnd have to drop school in June same yearWhen another baby came for me to take care.Who Else If Not Me?An angel from the local communityRescued me, she took care of the three little onesI had to take care of, all thanks to herGod had blessed HER for that she is now 103 years old alive hooray!!!!!!!!Who Else If Not Me?Passed my matric ,Started work, studied at UniversityGot married to very special personGot four lovely children

Who Else If Not Me?When 35 year old studied Information TechnologyWorked as intern, graduated, Yes it is never too lateGot a new job, wowWho Else If Not Me?Now tell me, what have I done for Me? Yes it begins with Me, what am I here for? Am I here to complain about my previous oppression? Will that bring about a change in Me?The answer is NO, Then tell me, if I want to be a better personWho else will make me a better person if Not Me? Oh come on start small and grow biggerWho Else If Not Me?Stop complaining about having no money for studying, Wake up and go straight to the studying institutionTell them your story, they will listen and help you out, Let me think for myself since who else can think for me if not me?Let Me love myself because who else can love Me if I don’t Love Myself?Actually there is no mistake in all I have been through Because if not Me who can handle all these I have handled?

Lethu Poem

Wena ungumthombo ongashiyo ngoba uphuzise abadala nabancane,kwale sebethi lomthombo uzakusha kanti phinde! Bakushilo konke okubi nokumangazayo Kodwa umile awuzanyazanyiswanga MINA NGITHI KAZI UBONGWA NGANI ONJENGAWE?

Yazi phela Wena ungumthombo omtoti,bakukhafulile,bethi maye mabi amanzi akho,bethi awunalusizo lwalutho Kodwa ekugcineni babuyele kuwe bethi bebengakuqondifuthi bebengazi ukuthi uyaphuzeka....Hhe hleka Ntombi kaChumaseONJENGAWE UBONGWA NGANI VELE?

Mthombo Womphakathi mthombo wokuphephela,mthombo othandekayo,ubizwe nganhlobonhlobo amagama la...wathula kawuzanyazanyiswanga! Mvusi wempilo yabaningi!Mumisi wemindeni! UBONGWA NGANI ONJENGAWE? SIKHUNGO SOCWANINGO AFRICA CENTRE FOR POPULATION HEALTH!!! Bengizothi wobongwa ezulwini phoke SOZE WAFA!!!!

Konakelephi Mzansi?

Khona sekuthiw’ uyakhohlwa, uyintibaneUngakhohlw’ abalondi bamaqhawe akho!Abawavikel’ ezingonyameni,Ezazi wasobozela nganhlamvu.Ziwakhaphela ko “ Robern Island iminyaka!”Bawagona ngezandl’ ezifudumele

Wazakhel’ udumo ngokulwa nengcindezelo,Namhla nguw’ umcindezeli?Waphil’ impilo yobuxhwanguxhwangu?Wangungqa phambili ekuchitheni igazi labafowabo!Hhe! Ubonga ngomsila.Uthi ukhona oyophinda akuvulel’ isandla?

Salani senenzela okaMadibaInkosi yokuthula noxoloEyawa ivuka, ilwa nengcindezeloYafundisa ukuphilelana nokuxolelaYasho kwezwakala, “ SA is for all who live it”Konakelephi ma-Afrika.

Hlanganani mhlathi owazanayo!Igazi lom-Afrika lingachithwa um-AfrikaNgivikele nami ngizokuvikelaNgigone ngothando nami kanjaloAngiboni konakelephiIngabe uyazi? NgitsheleKonakelephiPo

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engama-63, ugogo uBongisiwe kaNkwanyana Mcambi wasendaweni yaseMachibini ngaphandle kwase Mtubatuba.

Emuva kokucubungulisisa umbiko ngempilo esihlasimulisayo ngempilo kaGogo uMcambi, osebenzisa imali yakhe yempesheni yobudala ukukhulisa abazukulu abane kanye nendodana yakhe ephila nokukhubazeka, ithimba lezakhiwo eSakhiweni sase Africa Centre labe selinikela ngemizuzu engaphezu kwama-67 yosuku iMandela Day ngokuvusezela izindlu ezimbili zikagogo. Ithimba le-AHRI labuye lakha nesakhiwo sesikhashana ukuze umndeni usisebenzise njengendlu yokuphekela.

Emuva kwezinsuku ezintathu zokuvuselela kabusha izindonga, ukufaka amathayili phansi, ukulungiswa kwamafasitela ngabasebenzi bezakhiwo ababezinikele, uGogo uMcambi njengamanje usenekhaya aziqhenyayo ngalo. Abanye abasebenzi nabo abangazibekanga phansi belekelela ngokulungisa ingaphakathi lezindlu negceke lomuzi wakwaMcambi. Iminikelo yesihle eyavela kubasebenzi base-AHRI ihlanganisa imibhede, izingubo zokulala, isiqandisi, amathoyisi, izimpahla zokuqgoka, igilosa yokudla komndeni kanye nokunye okuningi.

“Ngiphelelwa ngamagama, i-AHRI iguqule impilo yami yaba ngengcono kakhulu, njengamanje senginekhaya elifudumele kanye nefenisha entsha ceke. Abazukulu bami manje banokudla okwanele”, kusho uGogo Mcambi ngokumamatheka.

I-Community Engagement Unit (CEU), okuyuphiko lokubambisana nomphakathi, okuyibona abahlela lolu shikishi lwe-Mandela Day bajabula kakhulu ngendlela esaphendula ngayo. “uNelson Mandela wake wathi ‘Kubukela kungeke kwenzeke njalo, kuze kube sekwenziwe’,” kusho uNcengi Mthethwa, uMdidiyeli we-CEU owayehluleka nawukuzibamba yinjabulo, “I-AHRI kanye nomphakathi baqiniskisile namuhla ukuthi kungenzeka.”

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Ukushintsha Izimpilo Zibe Ngezingcono MANDELA

USUKU LUKA

More than 20 students Grade 11 pupils and a few of their teachers from Nomathiya and Inkosi Mgwazeni high schools came to Africa Centre Building to job shadow staff. Career areas included data management, communications and data collection. We thank these schools and the Department of Education and Training for making this possible.

INVESTING INTHE FUTURE

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izikhondlakhondla ezimbili zocwaningo KwaZulu-Natali (e-KZN) zihlanganisa amandla azo ukusungula ingqayizi-vele yesikhungo esisha esihlanganise imikhakha elumbene yokulwisana nesifo sofuba (i-TB), i-HIV kanye nezifo ezihlobene nazo. Inhlangano enstsha, i-Africa Health Research Institute (i-AHRI, izinze enhliziyweni yokusabalala ngokuhlanganyela kwe-TB ne-HIV eNingizimu Afrika. Ihlanganise i-Africa Centre for Population Health eyaziwa kakhulu ngezolwazi lwabantu olucutshungulwe kahle olutholakale kwabangaphezu kwezi-100 000 zababambe iqhaza, neKwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB-HIV’s (i-K-RITH’s) isisekelo sezobusayense, ukuhlolisiswa kwemithi kanye nezindawo zamalabhorethi eziphuma-phambili. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangano kwenzeke ngoxhaso lwesihle oluvele kwabe-Wellcome Trust kanye ne-Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), kwathi i-UCL (University College London) kanye ne-University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) babangaba bambisene kwezokufundisa abasemqoka. Inhlanganisela yemikhakha ye-Africa Health Research Institute ‘ukusuka kwezesizwe kuya kwezaselabhorethi – nokubuyela ekwenzeni ngokwesizwe ekwelashweni kokusabala okuhlangene kwe-TB ne-HIV kufinyelela esikathini esibucayi. Nangale kwenqubekela phambili kwezokwelapha ngekhambi lokudambisa ukusabalala kwegciwane kanye nezinkulumo ‘zokuphela kwe-Aids’, i-HIV kanye ne-HIV nezifo ezihlobene nayo i-TB zisaqhubeka nokuba yizifo ezishaqisayo – i-TB iyaqhubeka nokuba ngenye yezimbangela zokushona kwabantu eNingizimu Afrika. Isifundazwe saKwaZulu-Natali sinomthwaloomkhlu wokutheleleka nge-HIV, ngenkathi i- TB iyimbangela yakho konke yokushona kwabantu ngamaphesenti angaphezulu kwayi-14 lapha. Ukuvela kwegciwane le-TB elingezweli ekwelashweni ngamakhambi kanye nokuthi i-HIV iyaqhubeka nokubukeka njengenhlekelele enkulu kwezempilo yomphakathi. I-Africa Health Research Institute izibophezele ekusebenzeni okujonge ekuqedweni kwe-HIV kanye nesifo se-TB. USolwazi uDeenan Pillay, uMqondisi we-Africa Health Research Institute (owayengu Mqondisi we-Africa Centre for Population Health) wathi: "iKwaZulu-Natali isenkabeni yokuhlaselwa okumbaxa-mbili kwe-HIV ne-TB.Lena yindawo emhlabeni wonke jikelele lapho ukushadiswa kwemikhakha yomibili kungaba nomphumela omkhulu ekuthelelekeni nge-HIV okusha kanye nokwedluliseka kwe-TB.

Siyoxhumanisa ukuhlolwa kwamakhambi nocwaningo oluzinze elabhorethi nezifundo zobusayense bezenhlala kahle, inqubo yezempilo kanye nezifundo ngompakathi ukwenza ukutholakala okusemqoka kakhulu ngezifo ezibulalayo, kanjalo nokukhombisa ukuthi singakunciphisa kanjani ukugula nokushona kwabantu.” UCWANINGO LWETHU OLUQHUBEKAYO LUHLANGANISA LEZI ZINDAWO EZILANDELAYO: • Ukuhlola kokwelashwa nokuvimbela igciwane le-HIV

okuzinze emphakathini osekuqhusthwe isikhathi eside (iTasP) e-Afrika

• Iphurojekthi yocwaningo oluphuma phambili ngesifo samaphaphu,i-granuloma biology, embandakanya ukusebenzisana ngokusondelana nokwehlukanisa ngemikhakhakha kwamaphaphu esibhedlela esiseThekwini, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital kanye ne-King Dinuzulu Hospital Complex

• Ukusebenzisa i-genomics ukuqondisisa kangcono igciwane le-TB. Umkhulumeli weNyunivesi, i-UKZN, uLesiba Seshoka wathi: “Ukuhlanganiswa kube yimpumelelo enkulu. Kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okwenza umehluko kwezocwaningo oluphuma phambili emhlabeni kwezokubhekana nokusabalala kwamagciwane angamawele okuyi-HIV ne-TB.”

Ukuthola olwazi oluthe xaxa nge-AHRI buka levidiyo etholakala ku: https://vimeo.com/173873132 kanye nangokusilandela ku-thwitha ku-@AHRI_news

INTRODUCING AHRI, A KWAZULU-NATAL RESEARCH POWERHOUSE

Two research giants in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) are joining forces to form a ground-breaking new interdisciplinary institute to fight tuberculosis (TB), HIV and related diseases. The new organisation, the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRII, is located at the heart of South Africa’s TB and HIV co-epidemic. It combines the renowned Africa Centre for Population Health’s detailed population data from over 100 000 participants, with the KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB-HIV’s (K-RITH’s) basic science, experimental medicine and world-class laboratory facilities.

i-AHRIUKWETHULA ISIKHONDLAKHONDLA

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The new venture is made possible through grants from Wellcome Trust and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), with UCL (University College London) and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) as significant academic partners.The Africa Health Research Institute’s interdisciplinary ‘population to laboratory – and back to population’ approach to addressing the TB and HIV co-epidemic comes at a critical moment. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy and talk of the ‘end of Aids’, HIV and HIV-related TB remain devastating diseases - with TB among the leading causes of death in South Africa. The province of KZN has the highest HIV burden, while TB is responsible for more than 14% of all deaths here. The emergence of drug resistant strains of TB and HIV meanwhile present a major public health crisis. The Africa Health Research Institute is committed to working towards the elimination of HIV and TB disease.

Professor Deenan Pillay, Director of the Africa Health Research Institute (formerly the Director of the Africa Centre for Population Health) said: "KwaZulu-Natal is at the centre of the dual epidemics of HIV and TB. This is the one place in the world where the marrying of disciplines can have maximum impact on new HIV infections and TB transmission. We will link clinical and laboratory-based studies with social science, health systems research and population studies to make fundamental discoveries about these killer diseases, as well as demonstrating how best to reduce morbidity and mortality.”

OUR ONGOING RESEARCH AREAS INCLUDE:• the longest running population-based HIV Treatment as Prevention (TasP) trial in Africa• An innovative research project on human lung granuloma biology, involving close collaboration with surgeons performing lung resections at Durban’s Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and King Dinuzulu Hospital Complex

• Applying genomics UKZN spokesperson Lesiba Seshoka said: “The unification is a major achievement. It maximises the opportunities for impact of world leading research on the twin epidemics of HIV and TB.” To find out more about AHRI watch this video https://vimeo.com/173873132 and follow us on twitter @AHRI_news .

Ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo olusezingeni lomhlaba, olusimeme, kusemqoka ukuthi i-AHRI imbandakanye ososayense abakhaliphile nabasebancane ekusebenzini kwayo. Ngokunjalo, isikhungo esisanda kuhlanganiswa njengekomkhlu lezokuphatha ezohola phambili i-SANTHE (okuyi-Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence) – okuyubumbano olusebenzisanayo lwezikhungo zocwaningo zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenzela ukufezekisa inhloso-ngqangi eyodwa: ukuthuthukisa abaholi bangomuso bezezobusayense ezwenikazi i-Afrika; kanye nokunqanda Igciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza, Isifo Sofuba, kanye nokuhlaselwa ngokuhlanganyela kweGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza/ Nesifo Sofuba ngokuqhumuka nezindlela ezintsha ezibasic, zokuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa kanye nokuhumusha ucwaningo.

I-SANTHE, eyemukela umklomelo we-DELTAS Africa yesekelwe ngezimali zoxhaso yi-Wellcome Trust kanye noMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwamazwe-ngamazwe (i-DFID) yaseNgilandi, ubumbano olusebenzisananyo oluhlose ikakhulukazi uku:Ukwandisa uhlelo locwaningo oluphuma-phambili; ukunikeza ngohlelo lokuqeqesha kanye nokucija amakhono kuzo zonke izikhungo zabasebenzisana nazo; ukwakha izikhungo ezinamandla zobumbano lwezocwaningo

oluphuma phambili nokusimama kwezezimali kwabacwaningi base-Afrika kanye nezikhungo zabo ngokunikeza ngezimali zokuxhasa, ukwesekeleka ngengqala-sizinda kanye nokwelekelwa kwezokuphatha; kanye nokuqinisa ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuhunyushwa kocwaningo okuhlaba-hlosile kanye nomthethelela empilweni yomphakathi.

Abacwaningi banamakhono ahlanganisile izinhlobo zonke kweze-microbiology, immunology, epidemiology kanye nakwezocwaningo lwezokwelashwa. I-SANTHE iphinde isimamiswe ngokwesekelwa yubumbano lokusebenzisana kwezinhlangano ezahlukene futhi ihlose ukukhulisa ngokubonakalayo kwamalungu – ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-Afrika nangaphandle.

I-SANTHE ihlale njelo inentshisekelo yokuqasha abase-Afrika abasebasha abakhaliphile – kulabo abasafundela umsebenzi kuze kufike kulabo asebeqede iziqu zemfundo yezobudokotela. Izinzuzo zabasaqeqeshwa bobumbano olusebenzisananyo zihlanganisa ukucathuliswa ngososayense abaphuma phambili, ukukhohlelwa imadlana yezidingo, ukufinyelela kwiKomiti Lezokweluleka ngezokubhalwa kwe-Thesis, uxhaso lwezindleko zokuhamba, imiklomelo yezindleko, kanye nendlela yemiklomelo yokuzimela. Imiklomelo yokusebenza ngokubambisana nayo iyatholakala kulabo abangososayense asebesezingeni elithe thuthu abanesifiso sokuzimbandakanya ezihlwelweni zombono ezihlanganyele nezikhungo kanye nososayense be-SANTHE abakuzo.

Ngolunye ulwazi oluthe xaxa nge-SANTHE, ezobusayense bethu, nokuthi ungazimbandakanya kanjani, bhala umyalezo kuleli ikheli le-emeyili elithi: info@santheafrica.org noma uvakashele ku: www.santheafrica.org

To read the English version of this article, please visit www.santheafrica.org

Ukuqhubezela Phambili Ezobusayense Base-Afrika,Ukulwisana Nesandulela NegciwaneLengculaza Kanye Nesifo Sofuba

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gonyaka ka-2013, amaphesenti angama-63 abesifazane eNingizimu Afrika (SA) nabesilisa abangamaphesenti anga-31 eNingizimu Afrika abaneminyaka engaphezu

kweyi-15 babenesisindo esikhulu noma bekhuluphele ngokweqile (be-obese). Ukuba nesisindo esikhulu emzimbeni noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kubeka umuntu engcupheni yokungenwa izifo ezingathathelwana (non-communicable diseases, NCDs); abomdabu abamnyama eNingizimu Afrika banezinga eliphezulu lesifi sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu okuthi, ngokuhambisana nezinye izifo ezingathathelwana, kwehlise ikhwalithi/ izinga lempilo kanye nesimo esikahle sezomnotho. Uhulumeni ugqugquzela izinhlelo-ezizinze emphakathini ukwenza ngcono uhlobo lokudla esikudlayo kanye nokuzivocavoca kodwa zimbalwa esizike zabhekisiswa noma ezifinyelelekayo kulabo abomdabu abamnyama. Ithimba lethu linolwazi olunzulu lokusungula izinhlelo ezisebenza kahle zokuphatha isisindo kanye nokuphila ngendlela enempilo, ngoku: a) ukuheha abantu ngokwethela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi; kanye b) ukuqhubeka nokumbandakanya umphakathi ngokujabulela ukuba ‘abantu abanjengami’ ‘people like me’ ngokwendlela enokubaluleka. Sizosebenzisa lolu lwazi esinalo ukusungula uhlelo lokuphathwa kwesisindo kanye nokuphila okunempilo lwabantu abadala abanomzimba omkhulu ngokweqile ezizokwethulwa ngokusebenzisa amabandla ezenkolo ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni eNingizimu Afrika.

Ngalolu cwaningo, i-AHRI izosebenzisana ngokubambisana nabaholi bamahlelo ezenkolo kanye namalungu amadala ezinhlangano zezenkolo ukusungula loku hlelo ukuze luhehe futhi lushaye emhlolweni. Kuyimanje sesine sivumelwano sokusebenzisana nabaholi bamabandla uma lesi sicelo

sithola ukuxhaseka. Okokuqala siyohlanganisa izingxenye ezikhona, ezisuselwa ebufakazini, uhlelo lokuphathwa ngokwedlanzana kuzosetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika.Ukukuwenza lokhu, sizomema amalungu ayi-16 ebandla kanye nabaholi bamabandla beze kwimihlangano yokusungula ngokuhlanganyela emi-3 (ezindaweni ezisemakhaya kanye nalezo ezisemadolobheni, isiyonke iyoba yi-6 imihlangano yokufundisana). Ngenkathi kuqhubeka imihlangano yokuqeqesha siyobesilungisa kahle uhlelo.

Okwesibili i-AHRI iyolinga ukwethulwa ngokuhlola kokusebenza kohlelo. Siyohlunga siphinde siqeqeshe abaholi abazokwethula uhlelo emabandleni amane ebese simema amalungu ebandla ukuba azoba yingenye kulo. Ukuze siqondisise ukuthi ngabe sikhona yini isidingo sokulungisa kabusha uhlelo nokwenza ngendlela engcono, siyo: i) bhekisisa; ii) hlela idlanzana; iii) buza imibuzo kubahloli bamabandla; iv) cela ababambe iqhazaza ukuba babe yingxenye, ngaphambi nangasemumva kokuqalisa uhlelo.

Lolu cwaningo luyisinyathelo sokuqala phakathi kohlelo olukhulu lokusungula nokubheka ukuphathwa kwesisindo somzimba kanye nohlelo lokuphila ngendlela enempilo oluqondiswe ikakhulukazi kulabo baseNingizimu Afrika abathola imali ephansi engenayo lokhu okubahehayo, nokuqhubeka nokubambandakanya, nokusebenza ngendlela ekahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside ekwehliseni ingcuphe ye-NCDs.

Ngokulnye ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngalolu cwaningo, sicela uxhumane noGanzamungu Zihindula kulenombolo yocingo ethi: 035 550 7500 noma nge-imeyili ethi: somkhele@AHRI.org

IZIFINYEZO

NGOKWENKOLOZEMPILO

HEALTH THROUGH FAITH

{ {IMPILO NGOKWENKOLO:

INGABE IZINHLANGANO ZEZENKOLO ZINGAKWAZI UKWESEKELA UKUPHATHWA

KWESISINDO SOMZIMBA KANYE NOKWEHLISWA KWENGCUPHE YE-NCD ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA?

N

CAN FAITH-BASED ORGANISATIONS SUPPORT

WEIGHT MANAGEMENT & REDUCE THE RISK

OF NCDS IN SOUTH AFRICA?

In 2013, 63% of South African (SA) women and 31% of SA men aged over 15 were overweight or obese. Being overweight or obese puts people at risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs); black South Africans have high rates of diabetes and high blood pressure which, alongside other NCDs, reduces their quality of life and economic wellbeing.

The government promotes community-based programmes to improve diet and physical activity but few have been evaluated or are accessible to low-income black South Africans.

Our team has experience of developing effective weight management and healthy living programmes that: a) attract people through loyalty to community organisations; and b) continue to engage them through enjoyment of being with ‘people like me’ in a valued context. We will use this experience to develop a weight management and healthy living programme for obese adults delivered through churches in a rural and an urban setting in South Africa.

With this study, AHRI will work participatively with faith leaders and adult congregation members to develop the programme so that it is attractive and appropriate. We already have agreement from church leaders to work with us if this proposal is funded.

First we will adapt components of existing, evidence-based, group weight management programmes to the SA setting. To do this we will invite 16 congregation members and faith leaders to 3 co-development workshops (in both a rural and urban setting, 6 workshops in total). In between workshops we will adapt the programme.

Secondly AHRI will do a pilot delivery of the programme. We will recruit and train programme leaders to deliver the programme in 4 churches and invite congregation members to participate in it. In order to understand whether we need to refine the programmeand improve the processes we will: i) observe; ii) arrange group; iii) interview church leaders; iv) ask participants to take part, before and after they do the programme.

This study is the first step in a much larger programme to develop and evaluate a weight management and healthy lifestyle programme for predominantly low-income South Africans which attracts them, continues to engage them, and is effective in the long term in reducing risk of NCDs.

For tips on how to reduce NCD and be healthy see page 18

For more information on the study, please contact Ganzamungu Zihindula on 035 550 7500 or email: somkhele@AHRI.org

sosayense bethu, ngokuhlanganyela nabacwaningi baseNyunivesi yaKwaZulu-Natali, Ohlelweni

lwe-KwaZulu-Natal HIV Pathogenesis, bashicilele ucwaningo olubonisa ngendlela entsha eyehlukile ngokuthi iqembu labantu elingejwayelekile bakwazi kanjani ukulawula Igciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza ngaphandle kwamakhambi okunqanda ukudlondlobalakwegciwane (amaARV).

Lendaba, esicilelwe kwiphepha- bhukwana lezindaba i-Journal of Virology ngasekuqaleni kwalonyaka, isisiza ukuba siqondisise kahle izindlela zemvelo zokulawula ukuziphindaphinda kokuhlaselwa Igciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza. Lokhu kungaba lusizo ekwakhiweni kwekhambi lokujovela Igciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza kanye namanye amaqhinga okulawula ukuziphindaphinda kwegciwane.

Ngokocwaningo, abacwaningi baqoqa amasampula egazi kubantu abangama-70 abane Gciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza eThekwini esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu. Abanikela ngegazi bonke babene nohlelo lwamasotsha okuvikela umzimba olukwazi ukulawula igciwane ngale kokusebenzisa amakhambi okunqanda ukudlondlobala kwegciwane (ama-ARV). Baziwa ngokuthi ‘ngabalawuli’.

“Lolu cwaningo, olwenziwe ngu Dkt Catherine Koofhethile njengenxenye yesethulo sokuphothula iziqu zobuDokotela, (i-thesis), yaba nomthelela ekuqondisiseni kangcono ngezindlela zokulawula Igciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza ngesikhathi sebefike esigabeni samahlalakhona sokuhlabeka kanye nokuthi isivule eminye imibuzo yocwaningo emisha, ehlaba-umxhwele ngokuhlelwa kokulungiselelwa kocwaningo esikhathini esizayo,” ngokusho kuka Solwazi Thumbi Ndung’u, owayehola phambili ucwaningo. “Sibabonga kakhulu abantu ababe nothando lokunikela ngegazi labo kithi ukuze siqhube ucwaningo, ngaphandle kwabo lomsebenzi ubungeke ukwazi ukwenzeka. Izilawuli zemvelo zeGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza zingasisiza ukuveza olwazi olungaba yusizo ekukhiqizweni kwamakhambi angcono eGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza kanye namanye asu okulawula ukuziphindaphinda kwegciwane.”

Study Sheds New Light on Immune Responses That Control HIV Infection

Our scientists, together with researchers from the University of KwaZulu-Natal HIV

Pathogenesis Programme, have published a study that gives a new perspective on how a rare group of people are able to control HIV without antiretroviral (ARV)drugs.

The article, published in the Journal of Virology earlier this year, helps us better understand the mechanisms of natural viral control

in HIV infection. This may be useful for the development of an HIV

vaccine and other viral control strategies. For the study, researchers

collected blood samples from 70 HIV infected people living in Durban over a

five-year period The donors all had immune systems that controlled the virus without ARV

treatment. They are known as ‘controllers’.

“This research, conducted by Dr Catherine Koofhethile as part of her PhD thesis contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of HIV control during the chronic stage of infection and has also opened up new research questions, which are of great interest for future vaccine design studies,” says Professor Thumbi Ndung’u, who led the study. “We appreciate the people who are kind enough to donate their blood to us to conduct research, without whom this work would not have been possible. HIV natural controllers may help us to produce information that can be useful for the development of better HIV vaccines and other viral control strategies.”

ZE-HIVIZILAWULI ZEMVELO

UCWANINGO LUSIVEZELA OKUSHA NGOKUPHENDULA KOKUNGAHLASELEKI OKULAWULA UKUTHELELEKA NGEGCIWANE LESANDULELA NGCULAZA

O

ASI

BAMBISANE

amanye amalungu omphakathi, oNompilo, abasebenzi bezempilo kanye neziMenenja. Noma ngubani onentshisekelo

yokwazi kabanzi ngalolu cwaningo kumele axhumane noDkt. Richard Lessells kule mininingwane

elandelayo: Ucingo: 035-550-7500 noma kuleli kheli lomyalezo we-imeyili, elithi:

somkhele@AHRI.org

One of the key scientific aims of the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) is to find out how to stop the spread of TB, and particularly drug-resistant TB, in the community. One strategy that we want to explore is to reach out from health

facilities into the community to find people with TB. We hope to find them

before they are too infectious. A good way of doing this is household contact tracing, where

all the household members of a person with TB are screened and tested for TB. At the moment this is done

for some people with TB, but not for all, and it’s often not clear who is responsible for doing it.

This is where the Asimbambisane (“Let’s work together”) study comes in. This AHRI study, which will be starting soon at the Somkhele site, will set out to find a better way to conduct TB household contact tracing. In particular, we want to see whether the community care givers (CCGs) are able to work hand in hand with the TB programme and the clinics to reach more households in the community. In this project, we will work together with the Department of Health staff, the CCGs, and the community to see if we can come up with a model of TB household contact tracing that could be extended throughout the country.

This project is a partnership with the Aurum Institute in Johannesburg and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and the study will also be conducted at sites in Gauteng and North West Province. The first phase will run until early 2017 and will involve interviews and focus group discussions with people with TB, other community members, CCGs, and health care workers & managers. Anyone interested to learn more about the study should contact Dr Richard Lessells (035-550-7500) or email somkhele@AHRI.org

nye yezinhloso yezobuchwepheshe besayense besikhungo i-Africa Health Research Institute (i-AHRI) ukuthola izindlela zokunqanda ukusabalala

emphakathini kwesifo sofuba (i-TB), ikakhulukazi leyo engazweli nasemakhambini okuyelapha. Elinye lamaqhinga esifuna ukulihlolisisa ukuphuma ezikhungweni zokwelashwa singene emphakathini sibheke labo abanesifo se-TB. Sethemba sizobathola ngaphambi kokuba sebehlabeke kakhulu. Indlela enhle yokwenza lokhu ukulandelela imizi okuxhunyanwe nayo, lapho bonke abantu abangamalungu omndeni womuntu onesifo se-TB behlolisiswa ukubheka ukuthi ngabe asebehaqiwe yini kanye nokuthi bahlolelwe isifo se-TB. Okwamanje lokhu kwenziwa kwabanye abantu abane-TB, akwenziwa kubo bonke, kanti futhi esikhathini esiningi akucaci kahle ukuthi ngubani okumele akwenze lokhu.

Lapha yilapho ucwaningo lwe-Asimbambisane lungena khona. Lolu cwaningo lwe-AHRI, oluzoqalisa maduze nje esikhungweni sakwa Somkhele, luzoqalisa ukubheka izindlela ezingcono zokulandelela leyo mizi okuxhunyanwe nayo enabantu abanesifo se-TB. Ikakhulukazi, sifuna ukubona ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi abanekekeli bezempilo yomphakathi (oNompilo / Ama-CCGs) bayakwazi yini ukusebenzisana ngokubambisana nohlelo lwe-TB kanye nemitholampilo ukufinyelela emizini eminingi emphakathini. Kulolu hlelo, sizosebenzisana nabasebenzi boMnyango Wezempilo, oNompilo, kanye nomphakathi ukubheka ukuthi singaqhamuka yini nesu elisebenzayo lokulandelela imizi okuxhunyanwe nayo olungabe selusatshalaliswa nezwe lonke.

Lolu hlelo luwukusebenza ngokubambisana phakathi kwesiKhungo i-Aurum esiseGoli kanye neSikole Senhlanzeko esiNgilandi, i-London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, kanye nokuthi lolu cwaningo luzokwenziwa nakwezinye izikhungo ezise Ghawutini, kanye nasesiFundazweni esiseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga. Isigaba sokuqala sizoqhubeka kuze kube sekuqaleni konyaka ka-2017futhi luzobe lufaka phakathi ukubuza imibuzo kanye nokuxoxisana ngokwamaqoqo nabantu abanesifo se-TB,

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HLANGANANABACWANINGI

MEET OUR RESEARCHERSBETHUBONISILE LUTHULI

“Ngikhumbula ngibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yami isebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani abantu begula. Ngangifuna ukwazi ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nesifo sofuba, iTB, nokuthi kungani omama abaningi beshona besebancane, kuhlanganisa nezihlobo zami imbala. Ngangisemncane ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa ngiyacabanga ukuthi leyo mibuzo yaba yisiqalo sentshisekelo yami kwezobusayense. Angibange ngisama. Angicabangi ukuthi ngophinde ngime futhi”

Umfundi weziqu zemfundo ephakeme kwezobuDokotela e-Africa Health Research Institute

PhD, uBonisile Luthuli akasakhumbuli nokuthi kunini lapho angakaze ayibuze imibuzo eyisigidi.

Africa Health Research Institute PhD student Bonisile Luthuli cannot remember a time when she was not asking a million questions.“I remember asking about how my heart works and why people become sick. I wanted to know about HIV and TB and why so many mothers were dying so young, including some of my relatives. I was only little then, but I guess that those questions were the start of my interest in science. It’s never stopped. I don’t think it ever will.” But it wasn’t the easiest of journeys, she admits with an engaging smile.

“I lived with my extended family, far from the nearest school. It was in a very poor area near Dundee, called Nyanyadu. I loved my friends, meeting them at the borehole to get water, but there was one thing I dreaded – that was the wet weather, because the only way I could get to school was to take my shoes off and carry them across a river. I used to get scared that if the river was running too fast, I would be swept away.”Fortunes changed when her mother found a job and the young Bonisile was able to go to the school in Dundee, Ethangeni Combined School, where she excelled in her studies, matriculating with a university exemption.

“Just because you come from a poor family, doesn’t mean you can’t excel and use your brain,” she says. “We had no library and few books at school. When I came to university to study biochemistry I had never touched a computer or looked down a microscope. But these things should not stop the inner commitment to achieve and believe in yourself.” Bonisile went on to do her honours in Biochemistry at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Pietermaritzburg and then joined K-RITH as an intern under the mentorship of scientist Dr Frederick Balagaddé, whose work on microfluidic chips to speed up TB diagnostics has been hailed worldwide.For her Masters degree in Biomedical Sciences, Bonisile invented a microdialyser, a microfluidic cell culture system that propagates mycobacteria in miniscule chambers - smaller than human hair thickness, to mimic the growth of TB in human cells during infection. The microdialyser will enable scientists to understand why drugs can kill TB in laboratory test-tubes within days yet the same drugs require more than six months of treatment to cure a patient. This invention has been published in the journal PLoS One and is the first international patent filed for an integrated microfluidic device developed in Africa. “If my research helps to save lives, that will make me really happy. My passion is to help pave the way for better understanding of multidrug resistance in TB patients.”

Kodwa akuzange kube yuhambo olulula neze, evuma ngokumamatheka okukwamukelayo. “Ngangihlala namalungu omndeni wami omkhulu, kude kakhulu nesikole esasiseduze. Kwakusendaweni engenazo izidingo ezidingekayo le ngase Dundee, ebizwa ngokuthi kuseNyanyadu. Ngangibathanda abangani bani, ukuhlangana nabo emthonjeni wamanzi sizokha amanzi, kodwa kwakunento eyodwa engangiyesaba – leyo kwakuyisimo sezulu elinayo, ngoba indlela okwakumele ngiyenze ukuze ngiye esikoleni, kwakuba ukukhumula izicathulo ebese ngiziphakamisela phezulu ukuze ngiwele umfula. Ngangihlala nginokwesaba ukuthi uma umfula ungenisa ngamandla, wawuzomuka nami.”

Izinhlanhla zashintsha ngesikhathi umama wakhe ethola umsebenzi nokuyilapho uBonisile owayesemncane wabe esekwazi ukuyofunda esikoleni esise Dundee, Ethangeni Combined School, nokuyilapho athola khona imiphumela emihle kakhulu ezifundweni zakhe, waphasa umatibuletsheni ngamalengiso okwakumvumela ukuba emukeleke enyunivesi. “Ukuthi uvela emndenini ontulayo, akusho lokho ukuthi angeke wenze kahle kakhulu nokuthi angeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa inqondo yakho,” usho kanje. “Sasingenawo ngisho umtapo wenzincwadi nezincwadi ezimbalwa esikoleni. Uma sengifika enyunivesi ukuzofunda izifundo zamakhambi okwelapha ngangingakaze ngiyithinte ngisho ikhompuyutha noma ngibuke ngeso lokusondeza eduze. Kodwa lezi zinto akumele zivimbele intshisekelo engaphakathi kuwe kanye nokukholelwa kuwe uqobo.”

UBonisile waqhubeka wenza izifundo zakhe ze-honours Kwezokufunda Ngamakhambi Okwelapha eNyunivesi yakwaZulu-Natali eMgungundlovu wabe esejoyina i-K-RITH njengomsebenzi osafunda ngaphansi kweso lokucathuliswa kwezobusayense nguDkt. Frederick Balagaddé, omsebenzi wakhe kweze-microfluidic ulumbana nokuqhubezela phambili ngesivinini ukucutshungulwa kwezokwelashwa kwe-TB uthole ukutuswa njengophambili emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwezifundo zakhe zeziqu ze-Masters kwezobu Sayense bokuSebenzisa Amakhambi Okwelapha, uBonisile wasungula i-microdialyser, i-microfluidic okungukusebenza ngenqubo yezimhlayiya ezincane lezo ezisabalalisa i-mycobacteria kumagumbi ezicubu ezincane – amancane nangaphansi kwezinwele zomuntu ngokukhulu, okukhulela kuwo i-TB kuzinhlayiya ezincane ngesikhathi sokuguliswa igciwane.

I-microdialyser iyokwenza ososayense ukuba baqondisise ukuthi kungani ikhambi lomuthi lingabulala i-TB ngokuhlola ngamashubhu elabhorethi ngezinsuku nje ezimbalwa kube ikhambi elifanayo lidinga izinyanga eziyisithupha ukwelapha isiguli. Lengqayizivele ishicilelwe kwiphepha-bhukwana lezindaba i-PLoS One kanye nokuthi iyilungelo lokuqala elibhalisiwe njengegunya lobunikazi be-microfluidic device emhlabeni wonke jikelele elididiyele nelisungulwe e-Afrika.

“Uma ucwaningo lwami lusiza ukusindisa izimpilo, lokho kongenza ngizizwe ngijabule kakhulu. Uthando lwami ukusiza ukuvula indlela yokuqondisisa i-TB emelana namakhambi ayinhlanganisela kuziguli.”

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cwaningo lwakabusha lulandele imisuka ye-TB engezweli nasemakhabini okwelapha eminyakeni yo-1950 KwaZulu-Natali Igciwane elingezweli

namakhambi okwelashwa liyingqinamba esongela ukulawulwa kwesifo sofuba (i-TB) eNingizimu Afrika kanye nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Abacwaningi bethu, ngokuhlanganyela nososayense abavela kwi-Broad Institute of MIT kanye nase-Harvard, balandele umsuka wezimpande ze-TB eyedlulele engazweli nakumakhambi okwelashwa (i-XDR TB) ezibonisa ukuthi yake yabakhona KwaZulu-Natali ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-1950. Abakuthole ocwaningweni lwabo, okushicilelwe ebhukwaneni lezindaba i-PLOS Medicine ngonyaka odlule, kusemqoka endleleni esiqondisisa ngayo ukuthi amagciwane e-XDR asabalala ngayo, nokuphathwa kwawo kanye nokwelashwa kwe-TB eNingizimu Afrika kanye nakwezinye ezindawo emhlabeni jikelele. Kwi-XDR, igciwane elibangela i-TB selibe nokungazweli ekwelashweni cishe kuwo wonke amakhambi alwisana ne-TB nokuthi ayelapheki ngokuphelele.

Ukubheduka okwaba kakhulu emlandweni waKwaZulu-Natali kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-2005 esibhedlela i-Church of Scotland, eMsinga (e-Tugela Ferry) nokuthi i-XDR TB isisabalele kuso sonke isifundazwe. Kuze kube yimanje ibingaziwa ukuthi yayiqhamuke kuphi. Ngokusebenzisana ngokubambisana nososayense base-CAPRISA,

Ucwaningo lwakabusha Lulandele imisuka ye-TB Okwelapha eminyakeni Engezweli nasemakhabini Yo-1950 KwaZulu-Natali

New research traces origins of drug resistant TB to the 1950s in KZN

XDR TB

U

i-National Health Laboratory Service kanye noMkhandlu Wezokucwaninga Ngemithi waseNingizimu Afrika, abacwaningi basebenzisa yonke yokulandelana kwe-genome – okuyindlela ekwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izindlela zokwedluliselwa ngokofuzo ngekhodi yegciwane ngalinye-kanye nokuhlaziya izinsuku ukulandela umsuka we-XDR TB KwaZulu-Natali. Bathola ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwegciwane le-TB lokhu okwenza ukungezweli kwekhambi kwavela ngonyaka ka-1957, emuva nje kancane izibulali-magciwane zokuqala zokwelapha isifo ziqale ukutholakala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sonke isikhathi lapho kutholakala ikhambi elisha igciwane le-TB lisuke seliqhamuke nokunye ukuzimelela kokungazweli ekhambini lokwelashwa.

Ngeminyaka yo-1980, igciwane labe selishintshelabasesimweni sokwehlula izinhlobonhlobo zamakhambi (i-MDR) kanye nokuthi maphakathi neminyaka yo-1990 labe selishintshile futhi laba i-XDR. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi inkinga enkulu yegciwane elehlula amakhambi eNingingizimu Afrika ayibangwanga izingqinamba ezintsha zokulawula i-TB kanye nokuthi labe selikhule ngokwanele ngaphambi kokuthi kubhedule iGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, ngaphambilini okwakucatshangwa ukuthi yilona eliyimbangela ye-XDR TB KwaZulu-Natali. Ngesikhathi sokulandelela umsuka wegciwane lase-Tugela Ferry XDR, abacwaningi babuye bathola amanye amagciwane amelelana nokwelashwa kwe-TB ayezikhulela ngokwehlukana namanye.

Eqinisweni, ososayense bathola ukuthi ikhambi lokuqala onke amagciwane aqala ukumelana nalo kwakuyi sivikela-mzimba isoniazid. Lesi kwaba yisinyathelo esisemqoka esaqalisa ukukhula kuze kufike kwi-XDR. Ngenkathi kwenzisa ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nge-MDR kanye ne-XDR TB, izibhedlela eziningi kanye nemithola-mpilo eNingizimu Afrika kuze kube manje ahlola kuphela ukumelana nekhambi i-rifampicin. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uma kungukuthi sizonqanda ukuqhubeka nokusabalala kulokhu kumelana, kufanele kubuye kube khona ukuhlolelwa igciwane okuphoqelekile kokumelana ne-isoniazid. “Uma sifuna ukuvala umthombo wokuzalana kwegciwane elimelana nokwelashwa ngamakhambi e-TB, kumele sihlolele ukumelana nokwelashwa nge-isoniazid ngokufanayo,” ngokusho kukasosayense we-K-RITH uDkt u-Alex Pym, umbhali ophambili ephepheni locwaningo. “Kunethemba eliqinile lokwelashwa kwe-XDR njengoba ngonyaka odlule i-National TB Control Programme yakwazi ukufinyelela kwikhambi elisha lokuqala le-TB elatholakala eminyakeni engama-40 eyedlule-elibizwa nge-bedaquiline-nokuthi kukhona namanye futhi asezayo. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuba sisebenzise amakhambi amasha ngokucophelela okukhulu, igciwane le-XDR TB liyoqhubeka ngokunga buyeli emumva ekudlondlobaleni kanye nokuthi ikhambi elisha liyoba yinto enganamsebenzi walutho,”kwengeza yena.

Drug resistance is threatening the control of tuberculosis (TB) in South Africa and other parts of the world. Our researchers, together with scientists from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, have traced the roots of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) in KwaZulu-Natal to the late 1950s. Their findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine last year, are important for the way we understand how XDR strains are spread, and the management and treatment of TB in South Africa and elsewhere in the world. In XDR, the bacteria that causes TB has become resistant to nearly all anti-TB drugs and is virtually untreatable.

The largest outbreak of XDR TB in history happened in KZN in 2005 at the Church of Scotland Hospital in Tugela Ferry, and XDR TB is now found throughout the province. Up until now it was not known where it came from. In collaboration with scientists at CAPRISA, the National Health Laboratory Service and the SA Medical Research Council, the researchers used whole genome sequencing – a method that can work out the entire genetic code of individual strains of bacteria – and dating analysis to trace

the origin of XDR TB in KZN. They found that the mutations in the TB bacteria that cause drug resistance emerged in 1957, soon after the first antibiotics to treat the disease became available.

By the 1980s, the bug had evolved to multi drug-resistant status (MDR) and by the mid-1990s it had mutated to XDR. This means that the massive problem of drug resistance in South Africa is not due to recent challenges in TB control and developed well before the explosive HIV epidemic in the 1990s, which was previously thought to be the cause of XDR TB in KZN.

Vitally, scientists discovered that the first drug all the strains develop resistance to is the antibiotic isoniazid. This was the key step that started the evolution towards XDR. When doing rapid tests for MDR and XDR TB, most hospitals and clinics in South Africa currently only test for resistance to the drug rifampicin. Researchers believe that if we are going to halt the process of further evolution to new resistance, there should also be mandatory screening for isoniazid resistance.

“If we want to turn off the tap to generating new drug resistant strains of TB, we have to screen for isoniazid resistance as well,” said K-RITH scientist Dr Alex Pym, a lead author on the research paper. “There is some real hope for treating XDR with new drugs .But unless we use these new drugs extremely carefully the XDR TB bacteria will continue its relentless evolution and the new drugs will become useless,” he added.

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EAT MINIMUM MEATWe all love a good shisa nyama (braai), but too much red meat can affect your health. Recently the World Health Organization research agency warned against red meat and processed meat such as hotdogs. The report said that processed meat increases the risk of cancer. Dry beans, peanuts and lentils are good replacements and will add protein to the diet.

LESS SUGAR AND LESS SALTToo much sugar can lead to weight gain and tooth decay. Too much salt can raise your blood pressure. People with high blood pressure are more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke. It is important to check the label of the food you eat because most of the salt and sugar is added to the food we buy such as cold drink, breakfast cereal, canned food, cooking sauces and other processed foods. Try to use herbs to add flavour to your food instead of commercial soup mixes that contains large amounts of salt.

INFO BOX: Balanced nutrition and regular exercise are good for your health. Try to make small diet changes to get a healthier life for you and

your family. DISCOURAGE: flavoured milk, cold drink/fizzy drinks; coffee; hard margarine; deep fried foods; white bread; pies; sweets; chips;

Alcohol; cakes; processed foods; eating animals that have died from unknown causes; smoking. ENCOURAGE: Growing your own vegetables;

Eating Fruit; Brown rice; Eating Vegetables; Drinking Water (boil and cover); grains; unsalted nuts; beans; sugar-free breakfast; fish; Washing

hands often, wash cooking utensils; thoroughly clean food preparing areas

BY: NOMFUNDO MBABA+TSHABALALA & CARINA HERBST

Sources: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell ; http://www.jyfit.com/; http://familydoctor.org/; . https://www.healthykids.nsw.gov.au/; http://www.vox.com/;

http://greatist.com/health/health-benefits-water; http://www.webmd.com/; http://www.mayoclinic.org/

TO A HEALTHIER LIFE

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

6STEPS

DRINK WATERWater is the best way to quench your thirst or cool you down on hot days. Water prevents constipation and helps to flush waste products. Drinking more water can the lower the incidence of bladder cancer. Water helps maintain the balance of body fluids. The functions of these bodily fluids include digestion, absorption, circulation, creation of saliva, transportation of nutrients, and maintenance of body temperature. It’s not only important to drink water, but use water to wash your hands often to avoid the spread of diseases.

EAT MORE VEGETABLES AND FRUITEating more fruits and vegetables is easier than it sounds. Make sure that all your meals include at least two types of vegetables. And instead of snacking on sweets try fruit instead. Fruits and Vegetables are packed full of essential nutrients and can reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. The more colourful the vegetable is (e.g. butternut, spinach, beetroot, carrots) the higher the vitamin content.

GET ACTIVETurn off the TV and get moving. Walk, run or ride a bicycle. Exercise may help reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Exercise can also help prevent depression, certain types of cancer, arthritis and falls. Exercise improves moods and boosts energy. So next time walk instead of taking the taxi.

FISH PLEASECanned, frozen or fresh fish is a good source of protein and contains many vitamins and minerals. Aim to eat at least two portions of fish a week, including at least one portion of oily fish. Oily fish such as pilchards and sardines contains omega-3 fats, which may help to prevent heart disease.

UKUNGENA OHLELWENI LWEZOKUNAKEKELWA KWEMPILO:

Inselelo yokuhlolwa okungujikelele kanye neqhinga lokwelapha. Imiphumela yokuhlola kwe-TasP eyenziwe yi-AHRI Esizindeni se-Africa Centre esikwaSomkhele

zikhombise ukuthi kunokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwethuba lokuzihlolela Igciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza ngokuphindelela usekhaya ezindaweni ezisemakhaya aseNingizimu Afrika kwalawo makhaya ahlaselwe kakhulu yiGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza. Ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha kokwelashwa ngamakhambi okunqanda ukudlondlobala kwegciwane kwabantu abaphethwe ngokohlelo lokunakekelwa ngokwezempilo, kulandela ukutholakala kwe-seropositivity, ukulawula ukuhlaselwa yisifo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukungena ohlelweni lokunakekela kwezempilo yabantu njengaba HIV seropositive nakho futhi akwejwayelekile futhi kuhamba kancane ukwehliseni ukutheleleka ngeGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza emphakathini. Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa okungahlelelekile yethulwa ngokukhuluma ngomlomo nguSolwazi uFrançois Dabis (Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219) kwinkomfa yeNgculaza ka-2016 ebise Thekwini, eNingizimu Afrika, maphakathi nalo nyaka.

Ingabe lesi siqaliso sokwelapha ngamakhambi okunqanda ukudlondlobala kwegciwane okungunxantathu ngokushesha njenge-seropositivity usuhlolelwe yona kwehlisa ukwedluliseka kweGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza emphakathini ngokunjalo nezigameko zokutheleleka okusha (izehlakalo)? Lona ngumbuzo osemqoka kakhulu uma sizolwisana ngokuyikho nombhedukazwe

weGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza. Kulokhu kuhlola, izigodini ezingama-22, noma inhlanganisela, umuntu ngamunye kulabo abayi-1280 abaneminyaka eyi-16 noma ngaphezulu, abahlungwa. Izinhlanganisela zahlukaniswa phakathi ngokwamaqembu amabili alinganayo ngokungakhethi (iqembu elingenelelayo kanye nalelo elilawulwayo).

Sekukonke jikelele, phakathi kwenyanga kaMashi 2012 no Epreli ngo-2016, abantu abayi-13 239 bambanakanywa ohlangothini lwabangenelelayo kanti abayi-14 916 ohlangothini olulawulwayo. Ababambiqhaza baphindaphindwa (izinyanga eziyi-6) banikezwa okokuzihlolela iGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza besemakhaya abo.

Eqenjini labangenelelayo, abantu abahlungwa njengaba-seropositive banikezwa ukwelashwa ngemishanguzo yokudambisa igciwane, kungayi ngokuthi singakanani isibalo samasotsha emzimbeni (i-CD4). Eqenjini elilawulwayo, ukwelashwa kwaqaliswa njengokwenkomba zezincomo zoMnyango Wezempilo eNingizimu Afrika (ekuqaleni isibalo sama-CD4 esingaphansi kwama<350 mm3 sasidingekile; kusukela ngoJanuwari 2015 isibalo sama-CD4 esingaphansi kwama<500 mm3 esidingekayo). Izikhungo zokwelashwa ezingomahamba-nendlwana zathunyelwa kwinhlanganisela ngayinye ukwenzela ukufinyeleleka kwezokunakekelwakwabantu abaxilongwe njengaba-seropositive. Labo bantu abanjalo bangakwazi ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zezempilo ezisendaweni yangakubo noma ngasiphi isikhathi.

UCWANINGO LweTasP 2016

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Nangale kwezinto ezinhle ezingangabazeki, (ukwemukela ngokucomeka kakhulu kokuzihlolela igciwane usekhaya, imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokwelashwa ngemishanguzo yokudambisa igciwane kulabo bantu aba-seropositive abanqume ukuqalisa), ingqinamba enkulu kulabo bantu abaxilongwe njengaba-seropositive ukungena ohlelweni lokunakekelwa ngokwelashwa. UDeenan Pillay kanye noFrançois Dabis, abacwaningi abaphambili bokuhlola, babhekisisa ukuthi “Leli phuzu lingelemvelo eNingizimu Afrika, lapho uhlelo lukazwelonke “lokwelashwa kwabo bonke” lusatshalaliswa khona. Ucwaningo oluphuma phambili ngezinhlelo zokunakekelwa ngezempilo kanye nokuthi imiphakathi kumele yenziwe ukuze kufinyelelwe ezibalweni ezibekiwe zokuhlolwa kukawonke wonke jikelele kanye naseqhingeni lokwelashwa, uma sikholelwa ukuthi ngelinye ilanga sokwazi ulawula ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane.”

I-ANRS 12249 TasP yayididiyelwa nguSolwazi uFrançois Dabis, uSolwazi uMarie-Louise Newell (eNyunivesi yase-Southampton, Engilandi) kanye noSolwazi uDeenan Pillay (uMqondisi wase- Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, kwaSomkhele, eNingizimu Afrika, kanye ne-Kolishi leNyunivesi yase-London, eNgilandi). Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwekhambi kwenziwe ngokubambisana noMnyango Wezemilo KwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika.

Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwenziwa abe-ANRS (France REcherche Nord&sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), i-GTZ (German Agency for Technical Cooperation), i-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), kanye ne-Wellcome Trust (eNgilandi). Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwekhambi kwenziwe ngokwesekelwa okuvela kwi-Merck & Co. Inc, kanye ne-Gilead Sciences, eyanikeza nge-Atripla®.

I-AHRI ifisa ukwedlulisela ukubonga kwayo kubo bonke ababamba iqhaza kulolu cwaningo lwe-TasP. Uma kungenzeka ube nemibuzo ngocwaningo noma ngaluphi olunye ucwaningo, sicela uxhumane nabe-AHRI ngokubhalela kuleli kheli lemiyalezo kagesi elithi: somkhele@AHRI.org.

ENTERING THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: The challenge of the universal test and treat strategy.Results from TasP trial conducted by AHRI from the Africa Centre Building in Somkhele show that there is good take-up of the offer of repeated HIV screening at home in a rural South African population strongly affected by HIV infection. Immediate implementation of antiretroviral treatment of people managed in the healthcare system, following discovery of seropositivity, controls the infection. However, entry into the healthcare system of people diagnosed as HIV seropositive is too infrequent and slow to reduce HIV transmission in the population. The results of this randomised trial were presented in an oral communication by Professor François Dabis (Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219) at AIDS 2016 in Durban, South Africa earlier this year. Does initiation of triple antiretroviral therapy as soon as seropositivity is diagnosed reduce HIV transmission in the population and hence also new

infections (the incidence)? This is a crucial question if we are to fight the HIV pandemic effectively. In this trial, 22 geographic zones, or clusters, each of about 1280 people aged 16 or over, were defined. The clusters were distributed randomly into two equal groups (an intervention group and a control group). Overall, between March 2012 and April 2016, 13 239 people were included in the intervention arm and 14 916 in the control arm. Participants were repeatedly (every 6 months) offered rapid HIV screening in their homes. In the intervention group, people identified as seropositive were offered immediate antiretroviral therapy, whatever their CD4 count. In the control group, treatment was initiated according to the indications recommended by the South African Ministry of Health (originally a CD4 count <350 mm3; since January 2015 a CD4 count <500 mm3). Mobile treatment centres were sent to each cluster to facilitate access to care for people diagnosed as seropositive. Such people could also use local health services at any time.

1.Ukuzihlolela igciwane ngokwakho usekhaya kwamukeleke kahle kakhulu njengalokhu isimo seGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza sahlonzwa kwesinye isikhathi singamaphesenti angama-88 wabantu okwaxhunyanwa nabo.

2. Amaphesenti angama-37.5 abantu abaxilongwa njengaba-seropositive eGciwaneni Lesandulela Ngculaza bavakashela isikhungo sezokwelashwa ezinyangeni eziyi-6 emuva kokuzihlolela igciwane. Izinyanga ezintathu emuva kokuqala kokuphathwa yisikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo, amaphesenti angama-91 abantu abaseqenjini lokungenelela kanye nabangamaphesenti angama-52 eqenjini elilawulwayo baqalisa ukwelashwa ngomshanguzo wokudambisa igciwane.

3. Ngokubheka lonke ulwazi olukhona kwimithombo yemininingwane (ngokwezikhungo zokwelashwa ezingomahamba-nendlwana kanye nalezo ezizimelele), abancwaningi balinganisela ukuthi abantu aba-4 kwabayi-10 aba-seropositive abahlala esiyingini batholakala benokungatholakali kokuziphinda-phinda kwegciwane. Kepha i-UNAIDS ilinganisela ukuthi ukuze ifinyelele esibalweni ezibekele sona sokuqeda ukusabalala kwegciwane ngonyaka ka-2030, abayi-7 kwabayi-10 wabantu aba-seropositive kumele babesebe nokuziphinda-phinda kwegciwane elingatholakali ngonyaka ka-2020 (isilinganiso esibekiwe esingu-90-90-90).

4.Okokugcina, abantuabanga-495 babangaba-seropositive ngesikhathi kuqubeka ukuhlolwa. Isibalo sonyaka sokusabalala kokwesuleleka ngeGciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza silinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-2.13 (abantu aba-2.13 abangenwa yigciwane kwabayi-100 ngonyaka) eqenjini elingeneleleyo kanye nabantu abangamaphesenti ama-2.27 eqinjini elilawulwayo (elisondezelwe ngokuthintene nengcuphe: 0.96 (0.83 to 1.10), izibalo lezi ngokokubalwa kwezibalo ezingehlukile.

IMIPHUMELA YAKHOMBISA UKUTHI:

ANRS 12249 TasP was coordinated by Professor François Dabis, Professor Marie-Louise Newell (University of Southampton, United Kingdom) and Professor Deenan Pillay (Director of the Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Somkhele, South Africa, and University College London, United Kingdom). The trial was performed in partnership with the Ministry of Health of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Funding was provided by ANRS (France REcherche Nord&sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), GTZ (German Agency for Technical Cooperation), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), and the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom). The trial was conducted with support from Merck & Co. Inc, and Gilead Sciences, which provided Atripla®. AHRI wishes to thank all those who participated in the TasP study. Should you have any further questions about this study or any other studies, please contact AHRI via email somkhele@AHRI.org.

1. Screening at home is very well accepted since HIV status was identified at least once for 88% of the people contacted.

2. 37.5% of the people diagnosed as HIV seropositive went to a treatment centre in the 6 months after screening. Three months after the start of management by a healthcare centre, 91% of people in the intervention group and 52% in the control group started antiretroviral therapy.

3. Taking into account all available data sources (mobile and fixed treatment centres), the researchers estimated that only 4 out of 10 seropositive people living in the region had an undetectable viral load. Yet UNAIDS estimates that to meet its targets designed to end the epidemic by 2030, 7 out of 10 seropositive people must have an undetectable viral load by 2020 (90-90-90 target)

4. Lastly, 495 people became seropositive during the trial. The annual incidence of HIV infection was an estimated 2.13% (2.13 individuals infected out of 100 in a year) in the intervention group and 2.27% in the control group (adjusted relative risk: 0.96 [0.83 to 1.10]), figures that are not statistically different. Despite unquestionable advantages (excellent acceptance of repeated screening at home, very good response to antiretroviral therapy among seropositive people who decide to start it), the major challenge for people diagnosed as seropositive is to enter the healthcare system. Deenan Pillay and François Dabis, the principal investigators of the trial, consider that “This point is primordial for South Africa, where a national ‘treatment for all’ program is being rolled out. Innovative research on the healthcare system and communities must be conducted to reach the targets of the universal test and treat strategy, if we hope one day to control the epidemic.”

THE RESULTS SHOW THAT:

UMZIMBA ONEMPILO, INGQONDO ENEMPILO Ukugijimela Ubumnandi

Ukugubha umhlaka 16 Juni 1975 kanye nokugubha inyanga yabasha, ababenzi be-AHRI Esizindeni se-Africa Centre esikwaSomkhele baba nomcimbi womphakathi wokugijimela ubumnandi. Ukugijimela ubumnandi, okwakunikwe ingqikithi ethi “Umzimba Ophilile, Inqondo Ophilile” wenzelwa KwaSomkhele, eduze kwaseMtubatuba wawunabagijimi abangama-200 ababebambe iqhaza emjahweni wamakhilomitha ayisithupha nayi-12. I-AHRI esikhungweni esikwaSomkhele yenza ucwaningo lwezempilo nesizwe oluzinze emphakathini. Isikhungo sikholelwa ekutheni lomjaho waminyaka yonke awugcini nje ngokujabulisa umphakathi, kodwa ngokufanayo ubuye ugqugquzele ukubaluleka kokuphila impilo enempilo kanye nokukhuthaza ubunye emphakathini. Umncintiswano wokugijima wabuye waba lithuba lokufundisa kanye nokuqwashisa ngegciwane kanye nangezinye izihloko eziphathelene nezempilo.

Emazwini okwemukela izivakashi kulomcimbi, uDkt. Kobus Herbst, iSekela Mqondisi e-AHRI wathi, “Kusemqoka kakhulu ukuba abantu bazimbandakanye ukugcina imizimba yabo inyakaza njengoba lokhu kusiza kunciphisa ezinye zezifo ezikhona emphakathini. Lezi zifo zingancishiswa kakhulu ngokuvocavoca umzimba.”

Impumelelo yalo mcimbi yenzeka ngokunikezwa uxhaso olwaluvela kulaba abalandelayo: eJock Morrison eMtubatuba, eBidvest Waltons, eCalefra Printing, ePick n Pay eMtubatuba, eBidvest First for Food–CCW kanye neHhovisi loMnyango Wezemidlalo Nokuncebeleka, esiFundeni sase-Mkhanyakude. Uma ufisa ukubamba iqhaza kweminye imicimbi esiyoba nayo esikhathini esizayo, sicela uxhumane neThimba Lezokubambiqhaza Komphakathi kulezi zinombolo: 035 550 7500 noma uthumele umyalezo nge-imeyili ku: somkhele@AHRI.org.

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I-Howard Hughes Medical Institute ibambe iqhaza elisemqoka ekuhlabeleliseni phambili ezokucwaninga ngezesayense kanye nezemfundo eMelika (e-United States). OSosayense bayo, abasabalele nezwe lonke kanye nomhlaba wonke jikelele, benze ukuvumbulula okusemqoka kakhulu okuhlabelisa phambili impilo yomuntu kanye nokuqondisiswa kangcono kakhulu kwezomzimba womuntu. Isizinda sihlose futhi ukuguqula imfundo yezobusayense ibe ngesungulayo, interdisciplinary endeavour okukhombisa ukujabulisa kwezocwaningo oluyilo. Ikomkhulu lamahhovisi e-HHMI's azinze e-Chevy Chase, Maryland, ngaphandle kancane kwase Washington, D.C. www.hhmi.org

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I-UCL yasungulwa ngonyaka ka-1826. Saba yinyunivesi yokuqala eNgilandi eyasungulwa ngemumva kwe-Oxford kanye ne-Cambridge, abakuqala ukuvulela imfundo kulabo ababekade benga vumelekile kuyo, kanye nabokuqala ukunikeza ngendlela ehlelekile yezifundo zezomthetho, izifundo zezokudweba kanye nezokwelapha. Siyingxenye yama nyunivesi aseqhulwini emhlabeni jikelele, njengalokhu kukhonjisiwe kwithebula lokulinganiswa kokwenza kamanyunivesi amazwe ngamazwe. I-UCL kuyimanje inabafundi ababelelwa ngaphuzu kwezi-35,000 abavela emazweni angama-150 kanye babasebenzi abangaphezu kwezi-11,000. www.ucl.ac.uk

ULWAZI NGE-UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL (I-UKZN)

I-UKZN ithathwa njengenyunivesi ehamba phambili eNingizimu Afrika

kunamanye kweziqondene nocwaningo. Iyingenye yamanyunivesi

amakhulukazi kumazwekazi asemzansi ne-Saharan Africa, inezikhungo

zemfundo ezinhlanu kumadolobhakazi aseThekwini naseMgungundlovu.

I-HIV ne AIDS, i-TB kanye Nokukhuthaza Impilo kuyizinto ezibekwe phezulu eqhulwini kwezocwaningo e-UKZN. Inyunivesi izinikele yona kanye nezinsiza zayo ekwenzeni ngcono impilo yomphakathi.www.ukzn.ac.za

ABOUT THE WELLCOME TRUST

Wellcome exists to improve health for everyone by helping great ideas to thrive. We’re a global charitable foundation, both politically and financially independent. We support scientists and researchers, take on big problems, fuel imaginations and spark debate.www.wellcome.ac.uk

ABOUT THE HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE (HHMI)

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute plays an important role in advancing scientific research and education in the United States. Its scientists, located across the country and around the world, have made important discoveries that advance both human health and our fundamental understanding of biology. The Institute also aims to transform science education into a creative, interdisciplinary endeavour that reflects the excitement of real research. HHMI's headquarters are located in Chevy Chase, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C. www.hhmi.org

ABOUT UCL (UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON)

UCL was founded in 1826. We were the first English university established after Oxford and Cambridge, the first to open up university education to those previously excluded from it, and the first to provide systematic teaching of law, architecture and medicine. We are among the world's top universities, as reflected by performance in a range of international rankings and tables. UCL currently has over 35,000 students from 150 countries and over 11,000 staff. www.ucl.ac.uk

ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL (UKZN)

UKZN is recognised as one of South Africa’s top research-focused universities. It is one of the largest universities in sub-Saharan Africa, with five campuses in the two cities of Durban and Pietermaritzburg. HIV/AIDS, TB and Health Promotion is one of UKZN’s key research focus areas. The University has committed itself and its resources to the common good of society. www.ukzn.ac.za

YAZI NGABASEBENZISANA NE-AHRI KANYE NABAXHASI BAYO

M E E T A H R I P A R T N E R S A N D F U N D E R S

SIYABONGASiyathemba uwuthandile Umbiko owango January 2017. Singathanda ukuzwa imibono yenu, nokuthi sithole izimvo zenu ukuze zifakwe ku Umbiko

olandelayo. Uma ufisa ukuthi isithombe sakho sibe kwi khasi lo-Umbiko, xumana no Nomfundo Mbaba Tshabalala ku 035 550 7500 noma u thumeli

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Happy 2017!!! Credits: Managing Editors: Nomfundo Mbaba Tshabalala, Assistant Managing Editor: Lihle Sosibo, Zulu sub-editor: Sombu Tshabalala

English sub-editor: Chiedza P. Munikwa, Design and Production: Born and Bred (www.bornandbred.co.za)

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