silver threads among the gold continuing development
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Silver Threads Among the Gold
Continuing Development
![Page 2: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Growing As We Age
![Page 3: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Age distribution of U.S population,1980, 1990, and 2002
Data source: The Bureau of the Census
Year 1980 Year 1990 Year 2002
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
0% 5 % 10% 0% 5 % 10% 0% 5 % 10%
![Page 5: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Our Aging Populace
The most rapidly growing age group worldwide is that over the age of 85 years.
In the United States there are currently about 4 million persons over the age of 85; by 2050, nearly 19 million are projected.
![Page 6: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Thornton Wilder
1897-1975
THE EIGHTH DAY, 1967
THE DRUNKEN SISTERS, 1970
THEOPHILUS NORTH, 1973
![Page 11: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Chicago Picasso
1967
Pablo Ruiz Picasso 1881-1973
![Page 12: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Alberta Hunter (1895-1984)
Legendary blues singer, lyricist, and actress Alberta Hunter, a distinctive stylist and one of the top recording artists in the 1920s and 1930s, experienced a dramatic comeback in her old age.
![Page 13: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bertrand Arthur William Russell1872 - 1970
• (1949) The Philosophy of Logical Atomism • (1954) Human Society in Ethics and Politics • (1955) Russell-Einstein Manifesto• (1957) Organizes the first Pugwash Conference• (1958) Founding President of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament• (1961) Imprisoned for one week in connection with anti-nuclear protests
Just a few examples of Russell’s late life (age 75-97) work
![Page 14: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Frank Lloyd Wright 1867-1959
• Price Company Tower (1952)• Beth Sholom Synagogue (1954)• Guggenheim Museum, (1956)• Marin County Civic Center (1957)
![Page 15: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
AGING
Healthy Aging
Pathologies of Aging
![Page 16: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How to Age Successfully
Genes
Diet/Nutrition Stay Healthy
Reduce Stress EXERCISE
Body Brain
![Page 17: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Study Approaches
Micro-approaches
Macro-approaches
![Page 18: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Brain Aging
Structural Brain Changes
Functional Changes in Brain and Behavior
![Page 19: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Changes in Brain Structure
Brain Aging is Selective– Regions– Tissue Type
Gray Matter White Matter
Timing– Last in – First out
Nature of Change
![Page 20: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Courchesne, E., et al Normal brain development and aging: quantitative analysis at in vivo MR imaging in healthy volunteers, Radiology, 216 (2000) 672-682.
Gray Matter Volume White Matter Volume
![Page 21: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Courchesne, E., et al Normal brain development and aging: quantitative analysis at in vivo MR imaging in healthy volunteers, Radiology, 216 (2000) 672-682.
MRI Postmortem
![Page 22: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
White Matter Hyperintensities
![Page 23: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Changes in Brain Function
Patterns of Brain Activation– Compensatory Plasticity– Non-selective Recruitment
Inhibitory Control of Attention & Behavior– Evidence from EEG– Evidence from PET/FMRI– Animal Models (Center Surround)
![Page 24: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Models of Cognitive Aging
Generalized Slowing Working Memory Dedifferentiation Inhibition
![Page 25: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cognitive Aging
Sensory
Motor
Memory
Attention
![Page 26: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Aging Attention
Selectivity Sustained Attention Divided Attention Shifting Attention Spatial Attention Consequences of Degraded Attention
![Page 27: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Shifting Attention Summary
Speed of attention deployment does not change with healthy aging
The ability to gate (inhibit) irrelevant sensory information diminishes with normal aging
This effect may be modality-specific Decline of gating is most apparent over frontal
regions suggesting age-related changes in frontal inhibitory functions
![Page 31: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Memory & Pathologies of Aging
![Page 32: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Aging & Memory
Most common complaint of aging is declining memory ability
Overview– Memory
Short-term memory, Long-term memory
– Memory in normal aging– Memory in pathological (abnormal) aging
![Page 33: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Common “forms” of memory
Short-term (Immediate or Working) memory– Limited storage capacity– Limited duration (seconds, minutes)– Linked to attention
Long-term memory– Unlimited capacity– Long duration (minutes to decades)– multifaceted
![Page 34: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Forms of “long-term” memory
![Page 35: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Normal Aging and Memory
Anna Thompson of South Boston employed as a cook in a school cafeteria reported at the City Hall Station that she had been held up on State Street the night before and robbed $56. She had four small children the rent was due and they had not eaten for two days. The police, touched by the woman‘s story took up a collection for her.
![Page 36: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Memory across adulthood
![Page 37: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Memory ability in the elderly is highly variable
![Page 38: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Memory and medial temporal lobeH.M.
![Page 39: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Memory and medial temporal lobenormal aging
![Page 40: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Aging and dementia
Dementia is leading cause of cognitive disability in elderly
Definition: The loss of intellectual functions (such as thinking, remembering, and reasoning) of sufficient severity to interfere with a person’s daily functioning.
– Memory + one other area of functioning ~50% of people > 85 years have cognitive
impairment or dementia Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the leading cause of
dementia
![Page 41: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
AD and brain: pathology
![Page 42: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
AD and the brain: gross pathology
![Page 43: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
AD and the brain: imaging
PET: Metabolism
![Page 44: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Memory & aging summary
Aging changes most pronounced in long-term memory
– Decline is inevitable, but highly variable Memory changes linked to medial temporal lobe
changes Many elderly people (>85 years) develop severe
cognitive disability (e.g., dementia) limiting everyday functioning
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia
– AD is NOT accelerated aging
![Page 45: Silver Threads Among the Gold Continuing Development](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032200/56649cae5503460f94971bb3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Additional References
Baltes, P.B. and Lindenberger, U., Emergence of a powerful connection between sensory and cognitive functions across the adult life span: a new window to the study of cognitive aging?, Psychology and Aging, 12 (1997) 12-21.
Birren, J.E. and Fisher, L.M., Aging and speed of behavior: possible consequences for psychological functioning, Annual Review of Psychology, 46 (1995) 329-53.
Chao, L.L. and Knight, R.T., Prefrontal deficits in attention and inhibitory control with aging, Cerebral Cortex, 7 (1997) 63-69.
Craik, F.I.M. and T.A. Salthouse, eds. The handbook of aging and cognition. Second ed. 2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ.
Hasher, L., Zacks, R. T. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 22, 193-225.
Polich, J., EEG and ERP assessment of normal aging, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 104 (1997) 244-256.
Raz, N., Gunning-Dixon, F.M., Head, D., Dupuis, J.H. and Acker, J.D., Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging: Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging, Neuropsychology, 12 (1998).
Salthouse, T.A., Independence of age-related influences on cognitive abilities across the life span, Developmental Psychology, 34 (1998) 851-64.