Simple Machines

Group KK

ScrewScrew

Derek EisenbergDerek Eisenberg

What is a screw?What is a screw?

A screw is one of the six simple machines.A screw is one of the six simple machines. DefinitionDefinition- a mechanical device for fixing one - a mechanical device for fixing one

object to another object to another The screw is really an inclined plane in the The screw is really an inclined plane in the

round with a wedge at the tip. Think of a typical round with a wedge at the tip. Think of a typical screw. The wedge is the pointed end. The screw. The wedge is the pointed end. The inclined plane is the thread that wraps around inclined plane is the thread that wraps around the screw. Screws are used in many different the screw. Screws are used in many different places to hold things together.places to hold things together.

Advantage Advantage

There are many advantages of using There are many advantages of using screws. Here is an equation: screws. Here is an equation:

F1 X D1=F2 X D2F1 X D1=F2 X D2

BibliographyBibliography

www.wikipedia.orgwww.wikipedia.org www.Uark.eduwww.Uark.edu www.hyperphysics.phy/astr.gsu.eduwww.hyperphysics.phy/astr.gsu.edu www.teacher.scholastic.comwww.teacher.scholastic.com www.roymech.co.ukwww.roymech.co.uk

Lever

• Levers are one of the basic tools that were probably used in prehistoric times. Levers were first described about 260 BC by the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes (287-212 BC).

• A lever is a simple machine that makes work easier for use; it involves moving a load around a pivot using a force. Many of our basic tools use levers, including scissors (2 class 1 levers), pliers (2 class 1 levers), hammer claws (a single class 2 lever), nut crackers (2 class 2 levers), and tongs (2 class 3 levers).

Class 1 Levers

• In a Type 1 Lever, the pivot is between the effort and the load. In an off-center type one lever (like a pliers), the load is larger than the effort, but is moved through a smaller distance.

Class 2 Levers

• In a Type 2 Lever, the load is between the pivot and the effort.

Class 3 Levers

• In a Type 3 Lever, the effort is between the pivot (fulcrum) and the load.

Bibliography

• http://www.uark.edu/depts/aeedhp/agscience/simpmach.htm

• http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/machines/Levers.shtml

• http://www.wikipedia.org• http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/

simple/lever.htm• http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210120/

lever.html

Wheel and Wheel and AxleAxle

Aaron BoyerAaron Boyer

Period 12Period 12

Simple MachineSimple Machine

Simple WheelSimple Wheel Common, everyday Common, everyday

objects make good use objects make good use of the wheel and axle, of the wheel and axle, as seen in this as seen in this contraption. contraption.

The sole use of the The sole use of the wheel in this picture wheel in this picture is to smoothly move is to smoothly move the object on which the object on which the wheels are the wheels are attached to.attached to.

Ideal Mechanical Ideal Mechanical AdvantageAdvantage

Compound Compound MachinesMachines

Three Common Uses of the Three Common Uses of the Wheel and Axle in Wheel and Axle in Compound MachinesCompound Machines

Water WheelWater Wheel The water wheel is a The water wheel is a

simple device that simple device that makes use of a wheel makes use of a wheel and axle. and axle.

When the wheel is When the wheel is turned, the axel spins turned, the axel spins and winds up the rope and winds up the rope carrying the bucket of carrying the bucket of water.water.

Some also use flowing Some also use flowing water to power water to power objects, as seen in objects, as seen in this image.this image.

BicycleBicycle The bicycle makes use The bicycle makes use

of two wheels and of two wheels and axles in order to move axles in order to move the machine over the machine over various forms of various forms of terrain.terrain.

Larger wheels provide Larger wheels provide more traction for the more traction for the bicycle.bicycle.

Steering WheelSteering Wheel The steering wheel is The steering wheel is

a device that makes a device that makes practical use of the practical use of the wheel and axle to wheel and axle to steer motor vehicles.steer motor vehicles.

When one turns the When one turns the steering wheel, the steering wheel, the axle rotates, changing axle rotates, changing the direction the the direction the wheels face. This wheels face. This causes the vehicle to causes the vehicle to move in the desired move in the desired direction, providing direction, providing the driver with the driver with control.control.

BibliographyBibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_and_axlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_and_axle http://marginaldesigns.com/wp-content/uploads/http://marginaldesigns.com/wp-content/uploads/

2008/11/batman-monster-truck.jpg2008/11/batman-monster-truck.jpg www.mastergardenproducts.com/waterwheel8.jpgwww.mastergardenproducts.com/waterwheel8.jpg

http://img2.travelblog.org/Photos/8743/26947/f/133http://img2.travelblog.org/Photos/8743/26947/f/133799-Taxi-Bicycle-0.jpg799-Taxi-Bicycle-0.jpg

https://www.ragingspeed.co.uk/catalog/seo/images/https://www.ragingspeed.co.uk/catalog/seo/images/Richbrook_R1_Steering_Wheel.jpgRichbrook_R1_Steering_Wheel.jpg

http://www.rock-hill.k12.sc.us/teachers/spes/http://www.rock-hill.k12.sc.us/teachers/spes/ccagle/home%20Page%20Links/Home%20Page%20Linksccagle/home%20Page%20Links/Home%20Page%20Links%2005-06/Simple%20Machines/Simple%20Machines%20-%2005-06/Simple%20Machines/Simple%20Machines%20-Dylan%20017.jpgDylan%20017.jpg

WedgeBy: Amber Hastings

A wedge is…

• A wedge is a triangular shaped simple machine in the shape of an incline plane.

The Ideal Mechanical Advantage

• To find the ideal mechanical advantage you take the ratio to its length to the ratio to its width.

• The equation would be MA=l/w (length by width)

Changing Forces

• The wedge converts the force put on its blunt end into forces perpendicular to its length.

• For instance when you use a wedge to split wood, the force that is put on it from the axe is changed into the force that causes the wood to split.

MA Example

• Ma=l/w

• 8/4=2

Compound Machines

• A fan would be one example of a compound machine. The fan blade is an example of a wedge and there is also a wheel and axle in it.

A Row Boat

• A row boat is an example of a compound machine. The wedge would be the front of the boat. It slices through the water causing less resistance. The other simple machines in a boat are the oars. They serve as levers.

Rocket

• The scooper on the shovel serves as the wedge and the handle serves as the lever.

Autobiography

• http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210120/Compound%20machine.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_(mechanical_device)

• http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/machines/sciber/machine3.htm

• http://www.edheads.org/activities/simple-machines/

• http://www.coe.uh.edu/archive/science/science_lessons/scienceles1/finalhome.htm

The Inclined PlaneThe Inclined Plane

By Wade MeyerhofferBy Wade Meyerhoffer

What is it?What is it?

TheThe inclined plane inclined plane is a is a plane surface set at an plane surface set at an angle, other than a right angle, other than a right angle, against a horizontal angle, against a horizontal surface. Thesurface. The inclined plane inclined plane permits one to overcome a permits one to overcome a large resistancelarge resistance by by applying a relatively applying a relatively small small forceforce through a longer through a longer distance than the load is to distance than the load is to be raised.be raised.

EquationsEquations

The ideal advantage of The ideal advantage of the inclined plane is to the inclined plane is to get things to a higher get things to a higher level easier than level easier than carrying it. carrying it.

F(parallel)=sinF(parallel)=sinθθ*w*w F(perpendicular)=cos F(perpendicular)=cos

θθ*w*w

Compound Machines(1)Compound Machines(1)

Ski liftSki lift Uses both inclined Uses both inclined

plane and a pulley plane and a pulley systemsystem

Compound Machines(2)Compound Machines(2)

TrolleyTrolley Inclined Plane and Inclined Plane and

wheel and axlewheel and axle

Compound Machine(3)Compound Machine(3)

Roller CoasterRoller Coaster Pulley and inclined Pulley and inclined

planeplane

Works CitedWorks Cited

http://www.weirdrichard.com/inclined.htmhttp://www.weirdrichard.com/inclined.htm http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/Simple/plhttp://teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/Simple/pl

ane.htmane.htm http://www.phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/Incline.hthttp://www.phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/Incline.ht

mm http://illuminations.nctm.org/LessonDetail.asphttp://illuminations.nctm.org/LessonDetail.asp

x?id=L278x?id=L278 http://www.mikids.com/SMachinesInclinedPlahttp://www.mikids.com/SMachinesInclinedPla

nes.htmnes.htm

The PulleyKatie Haldeman

ExplinationA pulley is a mechanism that is made up of a wheel with a groove and a rope that runs inside the grooveThe pulley is used to change the direction of applied force

Mechanical Advantage

The ideal mechanical advantage of a machine is the ratio of the output and input forces that are used within the machineFor pulleys, the output force is the weight of the object being lifted and the input force is the force applied on the end of the ropeFinding the actual mechanical advantage is possible when friction is involved

N(1/2) N=number of ropes, minus the

one in your hand

Change in forceThe pulley changes the force in reducing and redirecting the weight to make it more simple and lighter to use and lift.

Mechanical advantage example

N(1/2)

N stands the total amount of ropes, minus the one in your hand

If you are using 3 ropes, minus the one in your hand, use the equation N(1/2)

…So 2(1/2) which is 1

BicycleThe pulley on the bicycle is the chain that helps rotate the tires.

The wheel and axel on the bike helps the tires move as one machine

TrebuchetThe trebuchet is a compound machine, with the pulley acting to make the load easierThe lever is used to launch The wedge is used to hold the trebuchet together

Ski LiftA ski lift is a compound machine. It uses a pulley, inclined plane and also a wedge.

bibliographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulley

http://www.swe.org/iac/lp/pulley_03.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/27948/pulley.html

http://www.swe.org/iac/lp/pulley_03.html

http://cnx.org/content/m14060/latest/

http://www.howstuffworks.com/pulley.htm