simulation of beam instabilities in spring-8
DESCRIPTION
Simulation of Beam Instabilities in SPring-8. T. Nakamura JASRI / SPring-8. [email protected] http://acc-web.spring8.or.jp/~nakamura/. Beam Instabilities. Multi- bunch Long range wake >> T b (bunch spacing) Resonator(cavity) Resistive- wall Ion Electron Cloud,... - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Simulation of Beam Instabilities in SPring-8
T. Nakamura
JASRI / SPring-8
http://acc-web.spring8.or.jp/~nakamura/
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Beam Instabilities
Multi-bunch Long range wake >> Tb (bunch spacing)
Resonator(cavity)Resistive-wallIonElectron Cloud,...
Single-bunchShot range wake << Tb
Geometrical (MAFIA) Resistive wall (Analytical)
Electron CloudCSR
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Multi-bunch instabilities by ResonatorTransverse
€
V j t − t j( ) = q j x jR
Qωr
ωr
′ ω re
−α t−t j( ) sin ′ ω r t − t j( ) = q j x j Re Weiλ t−t j( ) ⎡
⎣ ⎢ ⎤ ⎦ ⎥
€
Z =ωr
ω
R
1+ iQωωr
−ωr
ω
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
€
˜ V i+1 = ˜ V ieiλTb + qi+1, j xi+1, jWe−iλ t i+1, j
j=1
N i+1
∑
€
W = −iR
Qωr
ωr
′ ω r€
λ =iα + ′ ω r
€ ti,j€ Tb€
Tb+ti+1,j€ ti+1,′ j €
qi,j € qi+1,′ j j-th particle in
i-th bunchj'-th particle in(i+1)-th bunch
€ n+ih ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟Tb
€ n+i+1h ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟Tb
€
Vi+1 t( ) = Re ˜ V i+1eiλ t
[ ] = Re ˜ V ieiλ Tb +t( ) + qi+1, j xi+1, jWe
iλ t−t j( )
j=1
N i+1
∑ ⎡
⎣ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦ ⎥ ⎥
= Re ˜ V ieiλTb + qi+1, j xi+1, jWe−iλ t j
j=1
N i+1
∑ ⎛
⎝ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟ ⎟eiλ t
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥
Transverse Kick Voltage produced by a charge
After (i+1)-th bunch,
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Multi-bunch instabilities by ResonatorLongitudinal
€
Z =R
1+ iQωωr
−ωr
ω
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
€
V j t − t j( ) = −q jR
Qωre
−α t−t j( ) cos ′ ω r t − t j( ) −α
′ ω rsin ′ ω r t − t j( )
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟= q j Re We
iλ t−t j( ) ⎡ ⎣ ⎢
⎤ ⎦ ⎥
€
W = −R
Qωr 1+ i
α′ ω r
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
€
λ =iα + ′ ω r
€
Vi+1 t( ) = Re ˜ V i+1eiλ t
[ ] = Re ˜ V ieiλ Tb +t( ) + qi+1, jWe
iλ t−ti+1, j( )
j=1
N i+1
∑ ⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥
€
˜ V i+1 = ˜ V ieiλTb + qi+1, jWe
iλ −ti+1, j( )
j=1
N i+1
∑
Acceleration Voltage produced by a charge
After (i+1)-th bunch,
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Beam Loading
Acceleration Mode = Longitudinal Impedance
Beam
Required Drive Voltage
Cavity Voltage
€
˜ V g = ˜ V c − ˜ V b
€
˜ V b Excitation
€
˜ i b
€
˜ V c Requirement from operation
€
ψ,Δψ
Im
Reψ € Vc
€ Vg€ Vb€ φ€ Δψ€ ψ€ Vb
€ ib€ ig
€ e Vccosφ=U€ θ=φ−Δψ€ θ€ θ+ψ
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Application Longitudinal
10
8
6
4
2
0
Energy Oscillation Amp.[x10
-3
]
0.120.080.040.00
Time [s]
1/2 filling
1/5 filling
1/1 filling
(Equal filling)
15.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
Acceleration Voltage [x10
6
V]
50403020100
Bunch No.
1/5 filling
1/3 filling
1/2 filling
1900
1800
1700
1600
Synchrotron Frequency [Hz]
50403020100
Bunch No.
1/5 filling
1/3 filling
1/2 filling
One Turn
One Rad. Damping TimeSimulation
fs
MV
Vacc
Suppression by Acceleration Voltage Modulation by beam loading of Partial Filling (ESRF)
At commissioning of SPring-8 (1997~8) RF Low Level Feedback + beam loading => instability at ~fRF
Growth Rate estimation by Comparison with Simulation
1/5 filling can not suppress => TOO BIG GROWTH-RATE ! => Other Source but HOM
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Application Longitudinal
Suppression by Acceleration Voltage Modulation
by Add-on fRF + frev Accelaration 4GeV operation of SPring-8 => Instability
Damping 1/8 of 8GeV (nominal)4MV@fRF + 1MV@(fRF+frev)UVSOR, ETL
Timing of bunchesby Streak Camera
Simulation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 20 40 60 80 100Bunch No.
Synchrotron Frequency
Timing
200ps
1 turn = 4.7us
Optimization of Filling Pattern
unstable
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Application TransverseSuppression by Static Chromaticity Reduction Ratio of Growth Rate
Suppression by AC Chromaticity ( fsyn )Introduction of tune spread
200
100
0
-100
1.21.00.80.60.40.20.0
ξ1
Theoretical value forξ1=0
Radiation Damping rate
€
ξ t( ) = ξ0 + ξ1 cosω st
€
σν =1
2ξ1σ δ
€
ξ1 = 0.6, f0 = 209kHz,σ δ =1×10−4
1
τ L
=2
π2πf0
1
2ξ1σ δ
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟≅ 2.5 f0ξ1σ δ = 310 / s
(Gaussian)350/s
€
J02 ω0
ωs
ω f
ω0
α + ξ ⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟ˆ δ
⎛
⎝ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟ ⎟
1
σ δ2
e−
ˆ δ 2
2σ δ2 ˆ δ d ˆ δ
0
∞∫
= J02 ω0
ωs
0.7 + ξ( ) ˆ δ ⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
1
σ δ2
e−
ˆ δ 2
2σ δ2 ˆ δ d ˆ δ
0
∞∫ 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Simulation
Growth Rate Ratio
chromaticity
€
ω f = 2π × 6.3GHz
ωs = 2π ×1.7kHz
ω0 = 2π × 209kHz
α =1.46 ×10−4
σ δ =1×10−3
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Single-Bunch
Wake by beam pipeMAFIA 2-dim, 3-dimTest Particle Size wake (Green Function)
~ 1mm (meshsize ~ 0.1mm ) ~ 0.2mm (meshsize ~ 0.04mm)
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Vacuum Chamber Shapes
< 3mm
20mm< 1mm
20mm< 0.5 mm
< 2mm
< 0.5 mm
20 mm
0.5mm
0.08mm
1mm
2-4mm100mm
0.5mm
20mm
RF shielding fingers
RF shielding fingers
20mm 23mm 20mm 25mm
38mm 96mm 50mm
24mm 20mm
flange 700
weldment 2000
offset 2700
bellows 400
valve 400
Resistive Aluminum Length 1436m pipe radius 20mm
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Wake Function
-3 1014
-2 1014
-1 1014
0
1 1014
2 1014
3 1014
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Longitudinal Wake
weldmentflange
m
-3 1014
-2 1014
-1 1014
0
1 1014
2 1014
3 1014
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Longitudinal Wake
cavityoffsetbellowsResistive Wall
m
-3 1016-2 1016-1 1016
01 10162 10163 10164 10165 1016
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Vertical Wake
weldmentflange
m
-3 1016-2 1016-1 1016
01 10162 10163 10164 10165 1016
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Vertical Wake
cavityoffsetbellowsResistive Wall
m
bunch center (1mm rms) bunch center (1mm rms)
x Number x Number x
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Single-bunch Equatio of Motion
€
ηi =xi
β
θ =1
ν 0
d ′ s
β
s∫
d2η i
dθ 2+ ν 0 + Δν i( )
2η i = ν 0
2β32 Fi
E0
€
Fi = e q j x jd
dsW⊥ z j − zi , s( )
j=1
N
∑ = eβ1
2 q jη jd
dsW⊥ z j − zi , s( )
j=1
N
∑
€
ηi = Re ai θ( )eiν 0θ[ ] =
1
2ai θ( )eiν 0θ + ai
* θ( )e−iν 0θ( )
Fi = Re fi θ( )eiν 0θ[ ] =
1
2fi θ( )eiν 0θ + fi
* θ( )e−iν 0θ( )
fi θ( ) = eβ12 q ja j
d
dsW⊥ z j − zi , s( )
j=1
N
∑
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Single-bunch Time Average
€
d2ai
dθ 2<< 2iν 0
dai
dθ
€
dai
dθ= iΔν iai +
ν 0
2iE0
β3
2 fid ′ θ
2πν 0
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
θ−π ν 0
θ+π ν 0∫ +ν 0
2iE0
β3
2 fi*e−2iν 0 ′ θ d ′ θ
2πν 0
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
θ−π ν 0
θ+π ν 0∫
€
d2η i
dθ 2+ ν 0 + Δν i( )
2η i = ν 0
2β3
2 Fi
E0
€
dai
dθ= iΔν iai +
ν 0
2iE0
β3
2 fid ′ θ
2π
ν 0
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
θ −π ν 0
θ + π ν 0∫
€
ηi = Re ai θ( )eiν 0θ[ ]
Fi = Re fi θ( )eiν 0θ[ ]
fi θ( ) = eβ12 q ja j
d
dsW⊥ z j − zi , s( )
j=1
N
∑
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Single-bunch Time Average
€
3
2 fid ′ θ
2πν 0
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
θ−π ν 0
θ+π ν 0∫ = β1
2 fid ′ s
2πs−λ β 2
s+λ β 2∫ =
1
2π
λ β
Cβ
1
2 fid ′ s s−C 2
s+C 2∫
β1
2 fid ′ s s−C 2
s+C 2∫ = β k
1
2
k
∑ fid ′ s k−th element∫
= e β k
k
∑ q ja jWk⊥ z j − zi( )
j
∑ = e q ja j
j
∑ β kWk⊥ z j − zi( )
k
∑
€
dai
dθ= iΔν iai +
e
4iπE0
qjajj =1
N
∑ β kWk⊥ zj − zi( )
k
∑
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Single-bunch Difference Equation
€
ri+ = ri
− + Re g i−e−iφi
−
[ ]Δθ
φi+ = φi
− + Δν iΔθ +1
ri−
Im gi−e−iφi
−
[ ]Δθ
gi− =
e
4iπE0
q ja j−
j=1
N
∑ β kWk⊥ z j
− − z i−
( )k
∑
Δν i = ξδ i− + amplitude dependence...( )
€
ai+ = ai
− − ieVa zi
−( )
E0
Im ai−eiν 0u
[ ]ai−eiν 0u
€
ai+ = ai
− + 4ΔT
τ β
ε 0
⎛
⎝ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟ ⎟
1
2w ie
i2πχ iwi : Gaussian Random Number
i : Uniform Random Number
Damping by Acceleration
Radiation Excitation
€
ai = rieiφi
Numericaly Stable€
dai
dθ= iΔν iai +
e
4iπE0
qjajj =1
N
∑ β kWk⊥ zj − zi( )
k
∑
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Particle In Cell (PIC) with Wake Field
€
gi− =
e
4iπE0
q ja j−
j=1
N
∑ β kWk⊥ z j
− − zi−
( )k
∑
= q ja j
j=1
N
∑ δ ′ z − z j( ) β kWk⊥ z j − z( )
k
∑ d ′ z ∫
= q ja j
j=1
N
∑ S ′ z − z j( ) β kWk⊥ z j − z( )
k
∑ d ′ z ∫
= ρ sa ′ z ( )
j=1
N
∑ β kWk⊥ ′ z − zi
−( )
k
∑ d ′ z ∫
€
S z( ) =
−z
Δz
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟2
+3
4
z
Δz≤
1
2
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
1
2
z
Δz−
3
2
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
21
2≤
z
Δz≤
3
2
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
03
2≤
z
Δz
⎧
⎨
⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎩
⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
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Comparison with Experiment
Longitudinal Bunch Shape
Simulation
Measured
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 50 100 150 200
Bunch Shape
Charge Density / A.U.
Time / ps
1.09 mA
11.0 mA
4.97 mA8.85 mA
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-4 10-10 -3 10-10 -2 10-10
Bunch Shape by Simulation
1mA5mA9mA12mA
Time / s
Energy Spread
0
0.001
0.002
0 5 10 15 20
Energy Spread vs Bunch Current
Vrf = 12MVVrf = 16MVVrf = 12MV Simulation
σΔE/E
Bunch Current / mA
Parasitic loss
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Microwave Instability => energy spread
QuickTime˛ Ç∆TIFFÅiLZWÅj êLí£ÉvÉçÉOÉâÉÄ
ǙDZÇÃÉsÉNÉ`ÉÉÇ å©ÇÈÇΩÇflÇ…ÇÕïKóvÇ≈Ç∑ÅB
z
ΔE/E
driven by high frequency resonance of small grooves(weldment, flange)
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Comparison with Experiment
Vertical Single-Bunch Instabilities
Prediction by Simulation 1996 (EPAC96 WEP103,WEP104) Impedance model( Inductance, Resistance, Cavitylike) <= Calculated Wake by MAFIA Chromaticity Threshould current (mode-coupling)
0 3mA/bunch 4 10mA/bunch No energy spread increase by model impedance Measurement 1998 Chromaticity Threshould current -4.3 0.5mA/bunch (m=0 head-tail)
0.24 3.5-4mA/bunch (mode-coupling) 4> 16mA/bunch
1.5 times large energy spread at 10mA/bunch
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Comparison with ExperimentVertical Single-Bunch Instabilities Simulation based on Calculated Wake Function -4.3 0.5mA/bunch (m=0 head-tail)
0.24 3.5-4mA/bunch (mode-coupling) 4> 16mA/bunch
1.5 times large energy spread at 10mA/bunch
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
62 10
3
64 10
3
66 10
3
68 10
3
Frequency Response of
Betatron Motion
Relative Height / dB
Frequency / Hz
4.7 mA
6 mA
8.9 mA
6 mA
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
62 10
3
64 10
3
66 10
3
68 10
3
Frequency Response of
Betatron Motion
Relative Height / dB
Frequency / Hz
0.1 mA
0.5 mA
2 mA
3 mA
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
70000 72000 74000 76000 78000 80000
Betatron Frequency Spectrum
3mA
5mA
Frequency / Hz
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
70000 72000 74000 76000 78000 80000
Betatron Frequency Spectrum
0.5mA
2mA
Frequency / Hz
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
70000 72000 74000 76000 78000 80000
Betatron Frequency Spectrum
6mA
9mA
Frequency / Hz
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
70000 72000 74000 76000 78000 80000
Betatron Frequency Spectrum
3mA
5mA
Frequency / HzMeasured
Measured SimulationSimulation
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sample of time evolution
10-7
10-6
10-5
0.0001
0.001
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Betatron AmplitudeChromaticity = 3.7
Time / s
0.01mA13mA
12mA
1-9mA
10-7
10-6
10-5
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Betatron AmplitudeChromaticity = -4
Time / s
0.01mA
0.2mA
0.4mA
0.6mA
10-7
10-6
10-5
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Betatron AmplitudeChromaticity = 0.24
Time / s
0.01mA
4mA
5mA
2-3mAξ = -4ξ ~ 0
ξ ~ 3.7
head-tail damping
mode-coupling
head-tailinstability
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Summary
Next stepHorizontal wake
Electron Cloud, Ion, CSR, ....
Multi-bunch simulation (CISR)Single-bunch simulation(SISR) developed at SPring-8Prediction ~ measured