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Population Geography

Case Study: Demographic Changes in Singapore

Experienced all 4 stages of DTM in 30 years could be because it isa former British territory share common characteristics ofpopulation growth

tage !" !#!$ !$4%" B& 44'() D& *0'#tage *" !$4( !$+%" B& 44'4) D& ('+

,atural increase and migration-igh B&" post.war baby boom / huge increase in number offemales in child.bearing yearsattern of migration changed" mo1ement of persons betweeningapore and 2est Malaysia not regulated migrational

surplus rural.urban driftDeclining D&" de1eloped health ser1ices and impro1edsanitation le1els under British influence) impro1ed transportfor distribution of resources

tage 3" !$+( !$(4" B& !$'4) D& +'*Migration no longer that importantDeclining B&

But increase in number of women of child.bearingage fundamental change in fertility patterns ofpopulation1erage si e of family from ( to 3) changes in age ofmarriage from *0'3 to *4'3Decline in proportion of women being married5rowth of labour force greater female participation1ailability of more comprehensi1e facilities for

education) healthcare and social ser1ices moreliberal and modern attitudeBrea6down of traditional family systems andattitudes towards 7oint.families and family.li1ing

8ow D&9ndependent status paid more attention topro1iding total healthcare :pre1enti1e and curati1e;

olicies!$%%" ues / greater accessibility toinformation through mass media

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Population Geography

!$%$ !$(*" post.war baby boom women reachedchild.bearing years legali ing abortion) 1oluntarysterili ation) population disincenti1es to raise cost ofbearing 3 rd and subse>uent children :hospitalcharges) income tax deductions not a1ailable for 3 rd

and subse>uent children;) top priority in enrolmentfor reputed primary schools gi1en to children whoseparents sterili ed before 40) 1oluntary sterili ation" (days of paid medical lea1e) pri1ileges in allocation ofhousing and educationublicity campaigns" ? top t Two@" penaltiesweighed more hea1ily on the poor limited resourcesto ade>uately bring up children to rise from po1ertyand be producti1e citi ens

tage 4" !$(+ now" B& !0'!) D& 4'3 8ow B&" men no childcare benefits women feel morestrain) ageing populationolicies

!$#4" preferential school admission to childrenwhose mothers were uni1ersity graduates) offeringgrants to less educated women who agreed to besterili ed after birth of * nd child) DAolicies generally unpopular abandoned or modifiedin !$#+ due to ineffecti1eness!$#%" -a1e Three or More) 9f =ou Can fford 9t@ taxrebates for 3 rd children) subsidies for daycare) priority

in allocation of education and housing*00!" baby bonus scheme which was enhanced in*004" extend maternity lea1e) cash gifts) monetarycontributions in children@s ban6 accounts

2omen no longer moti1ated by monetary incenti1es dri1en bysuccess of their career need policies to help women 7ugglebetween family life and wor6