singapore managing stormwater for water resource and flood control
DESCRIPTION
Regional Conference for Southeast Asia on Rainwater Harvesting in IWRM: An ExChange of Policies and Learnings November 25-26, 2008 Davao CityTRANSCRIPT
1
Managing Stormwater for Water Resource and Flood Control
Tan Tien SerAssistant Director
Catchment & Waterways DepartmentPublic Utilities Board, Singapore
2
Managing the complete water cycle
Rain Sea
Indirect Potable
Use
Direct Non-
Potable Use
PUB is responsible for the sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, the treatment of used water and turning it
into NEWater, as well as drainage of stormwater
Desal
Water
NEWater
NEWater
3
Integrating the Water Loop : Water for All
4
Half of Singapore already serves as a water catchment
Catchment area will be increased to two-thirds by 2009 when new schemes are completed
1. Water from Local Catchment
Punggol Reservoir
Serangoon Reservoir
Marina Reservoir
Punggol Reservoir
Marina Reservoir
5
INLAND RESERVOIRS
ESTUARINE RESERVOIRSPoyan/TengehTampines Pond B
STORM WATER COLLECTION POND
MacRitchie
6
2. Imported Water from Johor
• Two water agreements with Johor, Malaysiao 1961 to 2011o 1962 to 2061
State of Johor, Malaysia
PUB pipelines carrying water from
Johor
7
NEWater NEWater
Microfiltration
Ultra-VioletUltra-Violet
Treated Used Water
Reverse Osmosis
3. NEWater: Reclaimed Treated Used
Water
3. NEWater: Reclaimed Treated Used
Water
8
NEWater: Fast Expanding
Kranji (9 mgd, Jan 2003) Seletar (5 mgd, 2004)
Bedok (7 mgd, Jan 2003)Ulu Pandan (32 mgd, Mar 2007)
9
4. Desalinated Water To augment and diversify our water
resources
At 30 mgd (136, 000 m3/d ), it is one of the largest seawater RO plants
Opened by the Prime Minister on 13 Sep 05
Opening Ceremony
Desalination Works
Desalination Membranes
Chemical Storage Silos
10
Flood control aspect of Singapore’s Urban Management
• High rainfall and dense urbanization in 1970s and 1980s Singapore led to frequent urban flooding
• Exacerbated by high tides (3+m tide range) and low lying coastal areas
• Singapore has had an ongoing effort since the later 1960s to build an effective storm drainage network
• This is fully integrated with the development of “new towns” which today house much of the population
• This has been very successful – with flood prone areas reduced to less than 100 hectares (and with limited flood depths)
11
Flood Prone AreasFlood Prone Areas
12
• annual rainfall of around 2350mm
• 2 main seasons dictated by monsoons
• northeast monsoon (Nov to Mar)
• southwest monsoon (May to Sep)
Physical conditions affecting drainage in SingaporePhysical conditions affecting drainage in Singapore
• island generally flat with pockets of low lying areas
• affected by high tides
• increased stormwater runoff from urbanisation
241.8
163.8
184.6 179.2171.1
163.0 159.3171.0176.2
194.0
253.9
285.3
Am
ou
nt
of
Ra
infa
ll (
mm
)
13
Past major floods in SingaporePast major floods in SingaporeMaximum 24-hour rainfall (from 1931 to 2006)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Year
Am
ou
nt
of
Ra
infa
ll (
mm
)
Dec 1978Dec 19781,000 people affected7 people diedTide level = 3.2mTotal flooded area = 3178 ha
Dec 1969Dec 19693,000 people affected5 people diedTide level = 3.2mTotal flooded area = 2750 ha
Dec 1954Dec 195450,000 people affected5 people diedTide level = 3.2mTotal flooded area = 2540 ha
326
467
512
No Record
Dec 2006Dec 20068 nurseries, 29 families, 1 club house & 4 shophousesTide level = 3.0mTotal flooded area = 12 ha
366
Am
ou
nt
of
Ra
infa
ll (
mm
)
Year
1931
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2006
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
14
3200 ha in the 1970’s Braddell Road, Dec 1978
Past Floods
Newton Circus, Dec 1969
Braddell Road, Dec 1978
Bideford Road, Dec 1969
Flood Photo 1954
Flood Photo 1954
Orchard Road, Dec 1954
Potong Pasir, Dec 1954
15
Recent Floods
Beng Wan Road(4 Apr 05)
Bedok Ave 3 (14 Apr 06)
Jurong Port Road(17 Apr 06)
Pasir Ris Farmway 2(16 Oct 05)
Veerasamy Road(13 Apr 07)
Commonwealth Ave(18 Jan 07)
16
Strategies to prevent and alleviate floodsStrategies to prevent and alleviate floods
(i) Drainage master planning and development control• maintain and update the drainage master plans in tandem
with land developments
• ensure that proper and adequate drainage facilities are provided to serve new developments
(ii) Drainage improvement projects• ensure that drains and canals are upgraded in time to
serve new developments
• remove constrictions in old drains/canals
(iii) Maintenance & enforcement programme
17
Canal Outlet drain
Closed roadside drainOpen roadside drain
River
Types of drains/canalsTypes of drains/canals
820 ha safeguarded for drains and canals (excludes roadside drains within
road reserves)
18
flood protection measures…flood protection measures…
Crest protection for MRT Clarke Quay Station
1.0m Crest
working with developing agencies…..working with developing agencies…..
Commonwealth Ave/Queensway Interchange
Higher platform level for waferfabrication plants
Jurong Island Complex
19
Bukit Timah Phase 2A Flood AlleviationBukit Timah Phase 2A Flood Alleviation
Newton Circus , 13 May 1988
Bukit Timah Rd / Evans Rd,13 May 1988
Thomson Road , 3 Dec 1978
3
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
3
4
2
1
3 4
20
Reservoir in the city – Marina Barrage Reservoir in the city – Marina Barrage
Marina Barrage – 3-in-1 project• Flood alleviation – to act as a tidal barrier to control floods
in the city
• Water supply – to be a freshwater reservoir
• Lifestyle attraction – vibrant waterfront with water based activities
VisionVision……
an exciting & vibrant an exciting & vibrant waterfrontwaterfront
21
Marina Barrage … further reduce flood-prone areas
Low-lying areas in Chinatown, Jalan Besar, Rochor will be protected
Marina Barrage
22
TNP Big Walk 2008 at Marina Barrage(2 Nov 08)
23
Blue Map of Singapore
• 14 reservoirs • 32 major rivers • 7,000+km of waterways
24
Active Beautiful Clean (ABC) Waters Programme
• Long-term initiative by PUB to transform our utilitarian concrete drains, canals and reservoirs into vibrant, aesthetically pleasing and clean flowing streams, rivers and lakes
“…Turn Singapore into a City of Gardens and Water” – PM Lee, ABC Waters Public Exhibition - Feb 2007
25
ACTIVE Beautiful & Clean– Providing new community space– Bringing people closer to our waters
Active Beautiful Clean (ABC) Waters Programme
26
Active BEAUTIFUL & Clean– Integrating reservoirs and waterways with the urban landscape
– Creating aesthetically pleasing lifestyle attractions
Active Beautiful Clean (ABC) Waters Programme
27
Active Beautiful & CLEAN - Improving water quality
- Cultivating environmental responsibility among people
Active Beautiful Clean (ABC) Waters Programme
28
The ABC Waters Master Plan
WESTERN
CENTRAL
EASTERN
• 28 projects over the next 5 years
• Over 100 projects in the long term
29
Kolam Ayer ABC Waterfront
Before
30
Bedok Reservoir
Car park
Seating Gallery
Floating Gallery -
decks and stage
31
Bedok Reservoir ABC Waters Project
Features
– Landscaping
– Floating deck with performance stage and fishing deck
– Viewing galleries on reservoir banks
32
Facilities @ Bedok Reservoir
33
Sengkang Floating Island
34
Sengkang Floating Island Artist’s Impressions
Today
A floating boardwalk camouflaged by plants connects the island and
the fruit park
A fixed bridge connecting floating island to the Anchorvale CC
The floating island helps to filter water while providing an
interesting transition from the community club to the fruit park
35
Sengkang Floating Island Artist’s Impression
Fruit-themed pavilion creates a thematic link to the fruit park
36
Thank You