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SINGLE STOCK FUTURESA TRADERS GUIDE
Patrick L. Young and Charles Sidey
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Single Stock Futures
WILEY TRADING SERIES
Single Stock Futures: A Traders GuidePatrick L. Young and Charles Sidey
Uncertainty and Expectation: Strategies for the Trading of RiskGerald Ashley
Bear Market Investing StrategiesHarry D. Schultz
The Psychology of Finance, revised editionLars Tvede
The Elliott Wave Principle: Key to Market BehaviorRobert R. Prechter
International Commodity TradingEphraim Clark, Jean-Baptiste Lesourd and Rene Thieblemont
Dynamic Technical AnalysisPhilippe Cahen
Encyclopedia of Chart PatternsThomas N. Bulkowski
Integrated Technical AnalysisIan Copsey
Financial Markets Tick by Tick: Insights in Financial Markets MicrostructurePierre Lequeux
Technical Market Indicators: Analysis and PerformanceRichard J. Bauer and Julie R. Dahlquist
Trading to Win: The Psychology of Mastering the MarketsAri Kiev
Pricing Convertible BondsKevin Connolly
At the Crest of the Tidal Wave: A Forecast for the Great Bear MarketRobert R. Prechter
SINGLE STOCK FUTURESA TRADERS GUIDE
Patrick L. Young and Charles Sidey
Published 2003 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England
Telephone (44) 1243 779777Copyright # 2003 Patrick L. Young and Charles Sidey
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All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs andPatents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing AgencyLtd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing ofthe Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department,John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ,England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (44) 1243 770620.This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard tothe subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged inrendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required,the services of a competent professional should be sought.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Young, Patrick L.Single stock futures : a traders guide / Patrick Young and Charles Sidey.p. cm.(Wiley trading series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-470-85315-8 (alk. paper)1. Single stock futures. 2. Futures. I. Sidey, Charles. II. Title. III. Series.
HG6041.Y68 2003332.630228dc21 2003045068
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0-470-85315-8
Project management by Originator, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk (typeset in 10/12pt Times)Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe, Chippenham, WiltshireThis book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestryin which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
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Contents
Foreword ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction: Another New Product, Another Revolution xiii
Prologue: The Next Frontier xvii
1 A Simple Q&A 1
2 Basics of Single Stock Futures 9
3 Trading Single Stock Futures 39
4 Corporate Actions 59
5 Users of Single Stock Futures 81
6 Margin, Clearing, and Settlement 95
7 Single Stock Futures and Indices 113
Conclusion 125
Exchanges 131
Web acknowledgements 133
Bibliography 135
Index 137
To Iain Cain for being a great friend, the finest host on the CotedAzur and simply the best impromptu singer with which any latenight soiree can be blessed!
To Gaby for providing unstinting support and encouragement atall time, which I hope I can return in the future.
Foreword
Make No Small Plans
Daniel Burnham, famous late 19th century Chicago architect
It all started at Wiltons. A lot of things to do. Somewhere between the quaileggs and the bread pudding our conversation turned to the challenge that wasfacing my friend.
It was 1997 and Sir Brian Williamson had just agreed to become Chairmanof Liffethe embattled derivatives exchange that was fighting for survival. Itsdemise would be a significant chink in Londons armor and threaten the cityspreeminence as a financial center. The first step was clear: close the floor andmigrate all trading to an electronic platform. Easily said, but never beforesuccessfully accomplished on this scale. The second step was equally challeng-ing. Invent a product complex that had the potential to be as significant as theinterest rate complex.
As a student of markets the path was obvious. Equity derivatives had a longhistory. Futures and options on single stocks had been traded in Amsterdam inthe 17th century. Their natural evolution demonstrated their importance asa risk-shifting mechanism. For a variety of institutional and legal reasonsthey were dormant for centuries. Modern equity derivatives began in 1973 atthe Chicago Board Options Exchange and had been successfully imitatedworldwide. This was followed by the invention of stock index futures at theKansas City Board of Trade. These were successfully innovated at the ChicagoMercantile Exchange and ultimately imitated worldwide. The missing piece ofthe puzzle was a futures market on single stocks. I had unsuccessfully tried tofill this gap in 1982 at the Chicago Board of Trade with the design of narrowly-based indices, which in some industries were surrogates for single stocks. This
led to the ShadJohnson accord between the SEC1 and CFTC,2 which bannednarrowly-based indices. The legal ban on single stock futures and surrogatesstill left the complex incomplete.
While the elimination of the ban in the United States seemed daunting theprospects in London seemed better, particularly if it was championed by theright individual. It required the vision of a divergent or outsider mentalitycoupled with competencies of a convergent or insider mentality. Sir Brianhad these qualities. Ultimately the stamp tax on futures disappeared and theBank of England and the Securities and Futures Authority recognized therationality of the concept. The timing was also right. Debt was a 1980scommodity and equity a 1990s commodity. The U.S. financial sectorprovided the paradigm. In 1990, there was $2 trillion in the form of Federaldebt in the U.S. Ten years later that figure had risen to $3 trillion, while duringthe same period the size of the U.S. equity market rose from $3 to $14 trillion.Europe was having a similar transformation.
By the time the armagnac and cigars arrived the path seemed clear. One lastquestion remained. How would this resonate in the United States? Liffe wouldlist both U.S. and European stocks. This would inevitably result in politicalpressures to lift the U.S. ban. We thought that would ultimately broaden theinterest in the markets and become a catalyst for a self-fulfilling prophecy.Several years later LIFFE launched Universal Stock Futures. It was success-fully imitated in continental Europe. The ban in the United States was liftedand OneChicago and NQLX3 launched single stock futures in N.Y. andChicago in 2002. Liffe had a record volume that very same year. A lot hadhappened in a short five years.
It was a wonderful dinner with a dear friend.
Richard SandorChicago, January, 2003
x Foreword
1 SECSecurities & Exchange Commission, the US regulator for equity trading.2 CFTCCommodities Futures Trading Commission, the US commodities and futures
regulator.3 NQLXoriginally standing for NASDAQ LIFFE markets, NASDAQ withdrew in
mid-2003, leaving Euronext LIFFE in sole control. NQLX along with OneChicago are
the two principal US single stock futures exchanges.
Acknowledgements
To list everybody who has provided input on Single Stock Futures: A TradersGuide is a tricky issue but as ever well try . . . on the premise that all omissionsare ours and we sincerely appreciate everybody who has helped us to create thistome: James Barr, Max Butti, Caterina Caramaschi, Caroline Denton, JamesDunseath, John Foyle, Hugh Freedburg, Juliette Proudlove, Simon Raybould,Sir Brian Williamson, Denise and Geoff at Euronext LIFFE reception/switch-board (who always thought we wouldnt mention themas if !!!), Nick CarewHunt, Sonny Schneider, Jonathan Seymour, Luis Velasco, David Lascelles atCSFI whose report The Ultimate Derivative we can wholeheartedlyrecommend, Richard Sandor, NQLX: Bob Fitzsimmons, OneChicago: BobPaul. Also to Mike Charlton, Steve Smith, Carlo