single stream recycling & pay per bag initiatives
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Maine Government Finance Officers AssociationMaine Government Finance Officers Association
Sin le Stream Rec clin & Pa Per Ba InitiativesSin le Stream Rec clin & Pa Per Ba Initiatives
MAINE STATE PLANNING OFFICEMAINE STATE PLANNING OFFICE
WASTE MANAGEMENT & RECYCLING PROGRAMWASTE MANAGEMENT & RECYCLING PROGRAM
e ruarye ruary
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Who we are -Waste Management and Recycling Program-6 staff located in the State Planning Office
Waste Management Agency
What do we do-
Program manager planning and oversight of the state ownedlandfill in Old Town
2 eo le - rec clin education and romotion - includes wastereduction, reuse, composting, and recycling
1 person - data collection management and analysis -
planning
1 support staff
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Data management and analysis
320 reporting entities Ask public and private entities to fill out a comprehensive
and programs
Collect and analyze as much information as we can fromas many sources as we can en y
Produce reports based on any of the data that we collect
Information back to 1993
Several PAYT reports and related files athttp://www.maine.gov/spo/recycle/publications.htm- scroll down toPAYT
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For Example
Pay as You Throw Year: 2008
Report: PAYT Information
Town Population # Towns In Region Mun Bag PriceAbbot 630 1 $0.50Arundel 3571 1 $1.10
at . 5Belfast 6381 1 $2.50
/..
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Or a towns data over timeAbbot , Maine
Total
Municipal Municipal Bulky Bulky Total Rec & Base Recy Adj. Recy Municipal
Year MSW Recycling Waste Recycling Recycled MSW Rate % Rate % Expenses
93 217.00 30.66 37.7 20.00 50.66 305.00 16.60 21.60
94 177.00 24.80 28.3 33.00 57.84 263.00 21.90 32.90
95 215.00 32.41 - 127.00 159.41 375.00 42.50 54.50. . . . . . .
96 220.00 31.99 - 108.92 140.91 361.00 39.00 50.00
97 251.00 31.33 41.4 128.00 159.33 542.00 35.20 46.20
98 237.0 27.2 72.6 38.0 65.2 375.1 17.4 28.4
99 200.0 31.7 55.3 34.0 65.7 321.5 20.4 31.4
00 211.3 24.8 49.6 11.9 36.7 297.7 12.3 23.3 $35,000
01 208.4 29.0 52.9 0.0 29.0 290.3 10.0 21.0 $31,123
02 229.9 23.7 87.7 42.8 66.5 384.1 17.3 28.3 $40,553
03 234.5 28.3 59.3 48.0 76.3 370.1 20.6 31.6 $39,925
04 269.2 36.6 76.5 0.0 36.6 382.3 9.6 20.6 $40,839
05 269.7 27.3 68.6 - 27.3 365.6 7.5 18.5 $45,189
06 239.6 29.9 - - 29.9 269.5 11.1 22.1 $45,959
07 204.7 34.1 - - 34.1 238.8 14.3 25.3 $45,179
08 192.9 15.9 62.6 17.1 33.0 288.5 11.4 22.4 $44,081
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" "
brief explanation
s ory an preva ence n a ne,
nationally benefits and potential problems
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20 ears of Maine PAYT
1989 Falmouth, first Maine town to adopt PAYT-(one or two towns charging for trash before that
2009- 150 Maine municipalities
have a PAYT program From Portland pop.64.249 to North Haven
pop.381
2006 EPA report - 7,095 Communitiesnationwide
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HOW IT WORKS
changes
Cable Electricity Water (pay for channels) (pay per kwh) (pay per gallon)
Fairness System Trash becomes a utility
Trash(pay per bag)
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When Do Communities Turn To PAYT?
Rising Disposal Costs
Increasing MSW Tonnages
Failing Recycling Program
Municipal Landfill Reaching Capacity
Waste budget is out of control
Relieve Tax Burden
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PAYT Im l m n i n Pl n1. Decide PAYT method (bags or tags)
.
3. Draft the PAYT ordinance
.
5. Hold Public hearings
6. Ado t the PAYT ordinance
7. Purchase bags/stickers
8. Arrange for sales/distribution sites
9. Notify taxpayers of new method
10. Notify waste removal contractors
11. Implement PAYT program
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Most recent SPO study of PAYT
Summer - 2009Questions asked of 57 PAYT Programs
What were your towns motivations for switching to a PAYT system?
What were your towns primary concerns and/or obstacles in switching to aPAYT program?
How did your town determine its bag fee figure?
Where do the towns PAYT fee revenues go? What does the revenue cover?
The ability of the program to defray/defer costs
n e a y o e program o e p ncrease recyc ng ra es
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uestions asked of PAYT Pro rams
Resident reception of a PAYT system
do you feel that your towns program has been successful?
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Data Trend Tabulations
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Shar to radual increase in Rec clin Tonna eovertime
Decline in Recycling Tonnage and increase in MSWTonnage 3-10 years after implementing a PAYT
Continual plateau in data beginning 5-10 years afterimplementing a PAYT program
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Motivations for Switching to PAYT
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Primary Motivations for Adopting a PAYT
2) Landfill and/or Dump Closure = 20 Programs
3) Need for Revenue to Cover Costs = 18 Programs4) Individual Responsibility = 11 Programs
5) Increase Recycling Rates = 6 Programs
6 Makin Peo le More Aware of Rec clin = 4 Pro rams
7) Pay for Other Services = 1 Program
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Primar Concerns & Problems FollowinPAYT Implementation
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Primary Concerns & Problems Following
1) No concerns or Problems = 29 Programs
2) Illegal Trash Dumping = 13 Programs
3) Resident Adoption = 10 Programs
=
5) Educating Residents = 3
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What PAYT Revenue is Used for& Where PAYT Revenue is Held
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What is PAYT Revenue Used for &
1) Directly to Transfer Station = 21Programs
2) General Fund = 16 Programs
3) General Fund Matched to Transfer Station = 14 Programs
+ =
5) Directly to Private Hauler = 2 Programs
6) Disposal Costs = 2 Programs
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Methods for Calculating PAYT Bag Fee
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1) Arbitrary (lost to history ?) = 27 Programs
2) All Operational Costs / # Bags = 16 Programs
3) Other Methods Not Mentioned = 12 Programs
+ =
5) Tonnage / # Bags = 2 Programs
6) Tonnage/ Bag Weight = 2 Programs
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81.25% of the towns within the study saw success in resident
adoption of the PAYT program, in covering MSW disposal,
12.5% of the towns within the study saw success in resident
not see success in covering MSW disposal expenses.
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Percentage Breakdown of PAYT
68.42% saw a decline in their MSW after im lementin a PAYT ro ram
75.44% saw an increase in their Recycling after implementing a PAYT
program
59.65% saw success for 3 to 7 years in their MSW and Recycling Tonnages
73.68% saw an increase in MSW and decrease in Recycling Tonnages after
3 to 7 years of the PAYT program began.
. w y
PAYT program.
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Towns implementing a PAYT program
every 3 to 5 years to maintain success and
recycling in peoples minds, in order to
disincentive (the PAYT callus)
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single stream zero sort single
sor co-m ng e
what is it?,
industry trend
ene s, cos s, og s cs o mp emen a on
providers offering this service in Maine,
location of SS processing and other SStransfer/drop off facilities
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Sin le stream-What is it? Single Stream- all recycled materials are collected and combined ina single container, truck, compactor or trailer to be transported to alar e centralized facilit for se aration and rocessin for market
Way to reduce the cost of the collection and aggregation ofrecycled materials
In Maine it has been accompanied by expanding the number andtypes of items that can be recycled-
More convenience for residents and commercial sources and thusin theory increasing the number of participants in a recyclingprogram- more people recycling more stuff
While collection costs decrease, processing costs increasesignificantly, necessitating high volumes of materials and largescale facilities.
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Replaced by this
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And this
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And curbside sort is re laced
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By this
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Kick off forecomaine program June 2007
Approximately 70 Maine municipalities
2 entities marketing the service
Ecomaine Portland
munici al cor oration 21 owner communities- severalassociate and contracting communities as well
3.8 million dollar renovation in 2007 from dual stream to
Offers receiving/processing /marketing services
waste disposal services as well
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(FCR) Casella Waste Systems
Private company 2 processing facilities in Auburn MA and
Main recycling transfer facility in West Bath
facility for zero sort recycling materials inHampden ME.
an o er con a ners, compac ors, ruc ng,curbside collection as well as processing andmarketing of recyclables
Also full service waste management company
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Both entities are activel marketin their services
Sin le stream - a ver different a roach to
the way materials recovery has been managedin Maine for the last twenty years.
oca source separate co ect on an sperseregional processing, =
, , ,guarantee quality control, product movement tomarket
= relatively stable pricing and revenue in thesometimes fluctuating commodities market.
National industry trend
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National industry trend
Lar e scale centralized rocessin inconjunction with dense collection systems
In Maine -wide variability in contract offering andproposals, community by community
In 2007 early 2008 contracts offered tied tomarkets
p mar e revenue s ar ng
Down market cost sharing
sometimes in conjunction with other types of
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Municipal Policies that can effectMunicipal Policies that can effect
single stream program performancesingle stream program performance
Number of Materials Accepted at
collection
Waste Ban Policy
Waste Ordinance
PAYT Program
Mandatory Recycling
ecyc ng omm ee
Wh make the s itch ?Wh make the s itch ?
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Why make the switch ?Why make the switch ?
r mary o va ons erce ve ene sr mary o va ons erce ve ene s
-.
2. Desire for change.
4. Ease for residents
. o ec on e c ency
6. No longer responsible for marketing
7. Security of long term arrangement forrecycling
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1. The implementation of single stream in conjunction
with other recycling incentives
2. The use of compaction equipment for the collection
3. Using the introduction of single stream as anopportunity to re-energize recycling education and
4. Community attitudes
5. Positive geographic/demographic factors
6. Acceptance of cost/benefit of single stream7. Seamless change in the eyes of the public
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1. Stren th of existin ro rams2. History of stable revenues3. Negative geographic/demographic factors
. ost pro ect on ssues w t sw tc ng costs,hauling costs, and the current economic
condition5. Misuse of unattended remote location
recycling facilities. -
7. If your present recycling program is notworkin -sin le stream alone is not ma ic bullet
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The Need for a Disincentive Program &The Need for a Disincentive Program &
Alternative Recycling ProgramsAlternative Recycling Programs
Munici al rec clin ro rams as well as the twoprocessing facilities interviewed, see Single Streamprograms as a gateway program,
which helps to usher in additional recycling programs
such as Curbside Collection and PAYT ro rams whichare most productive and effective.
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Only 2 full years of data- no conclusions on effects onrecycling rates and MSW generation rates
Most programs saw recycling rates increase, but others
Cant separate effects of single stream from PAYT andcurbside, expanded materials accepted, other variables
Recession seeing a slight decline in overall recyclingtonnages but the decline is in the commercial collection
Municipal tonnage numbers up significantly (20%) in2008 from 07.
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Monmouth example
2007 switches to single stream thru
2008 355 tons recycled
2009 338 tons recycled
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287-8054
1-800-662-4545
Sam.morris maine. ov
www.Recyclemaine.com
. .
SHS 38 Augusta, ME 04333-0038