singular: only one person, place or thing
DESCRIPTION
Singular: only one person, place or thing. Plural noun: more than one. And, finally…noun gender. Masculine- boy Feminine- girl Indefinite- either Neuter- neither. Masculine: brother Feminine: sister Indefinite: horse Neuter: socks. Compound Noun. A noun made of two or more words. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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• Singular: only one person, place or thing
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Plural noun: more than one
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And, finally…noun gender.
•
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• Masculine- boy• Feminine- girl• Indefinite- either• Neuter- neither
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• Masculine: brother• Feminine: sister• Indefinite: horse• Neuter: socks
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Compound Noun
• A noun made of two or more words.
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Possessive Nouns
• Show ownership
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Singular possessive
• Doctor’s stethoscope• Surfer’s board• Anybody’s guess• Grandma’s feather bed
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We’re talking about past and present tense.
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It’s a gift, it’s called the present…
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Give me a PRESENT today.
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• Present tense means NOW. This is NOT the now verb with “ing”, that is a different kind of verb.– Cast meow.– I snack.– She glances.– Lance owns.– Nathan crawls.
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• We don’t actually use present tense a whole lot. Usually we use it when talking about things that happen every day:– The bus comes at 9 AM.– She goes to school every morning.– Grandma goes to bed at 5:30 pm after she eats
her prunes.
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Rules for present tense verbs
• If your subject is singular (just one) and not “I” or “you,” add an s to the verb:– He snacks.– She glances.– Gretchen bristles.
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MORE rules
• If your subject is plural, or “I” or “you”, don’t add an s:– Cats meow.– I snack.– They own.– Kari and Matt crawl.– You go over there.
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AND…prepare yourself…this one is complicated…
• If the subject is singular (just one), AND the verb ends in s, x, ch, z, or sh….
• Add es.– Robert blushes.– The pitcher pitches the ball.– The trainer coaxes him away.– She watches TV.
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Another rule
• When the verb ends in a consonant and y, we change the y to i and add es for SINGULAR:
• I cry—She cries.• They rely on you—She relies on you.
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Plural Possessive
• Elephants’ trunks• Waitresses’ aprons• Bosses’ schedules• Aunts’ houses• Kids’ homework• Newkirks’ house
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PAST TENSE—first rule
• For a regular, not weird, verb…– To put it in the past tense, you add ed.• He tossed the ball.• She walked over there.
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1-1-1 rule
• You have a ONE-SYLLABLE verb that ends in a CONSONANT.
• To make it past tense, you can use a wonderful thing called the 1-1-1 rule:
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1-1-1 Rule:
Hop.
Is this word one syllable?Does the word have one vowel?Does the word end in one consonant?
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Yes! This word follows the 1-1-1- pattern:
1 syllable1 vowel1 consonant at the end
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For words that follow this rule, double the final consonant if you are making it past tense.
HoppedTrippedSkippedMappedStoppedAdded
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If the verb ends in e, you add a d to make it past tense:-bake, baked-writhe, writhed
Next rule
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And finally, if the verb ends in y, you change the y to i and add –ed:Dry- driedApply- applied
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Future tense
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Future tense
• Has not yet occurred!• Become a fortune teller.
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Now, when you go FORMAL…
• Fancy writing• Future tense in
FORMAL writing is FANCY.
SHALLInstead of WILL.
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Fancy fancy fancy - SHALL
• We shall adapt.• You shall cooperate.• It shall be a black tie affair.• Drinks shall be served at
half past the hour.
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NOT a fancy party.
• Informal: WILL.• The party will be at ten.• Hamburgers will be on the grill
at 11.Drinks will be served.Little Bobby will open his presentsat 12.
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• Now let’s talk about helping verbs.• Every predicate has a verb. Sometimes the
verb includes more than one word. When this happens, it is often because there is a HELPING VERB.
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• Example:– You MIGHT HAVE wondered about the origin of
teddy bears.
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Common helping verbs
• Is• Am• Are• Was• Were• Be• Being• Been• Has
• Have• Had• May• Might• Must• Can• Could• Do• Does
• Did• Shall• Will• Should• Would
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SUBJECT…
• The WHO.
Connecticut became a state in 1788.Fifty states make the United States.
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PREDICATE…
• The WHAT.
Connecticut became a state in 1788.Fifty states make the United States.
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• So here’s where it gets a little complicated…
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Bob left.
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• But what if Bob is really sad that we didn’t tell more about him so we want to make our sentence say, “Cute little Bob left for the hair salon.”
• In that case, the sentence would have a SIMPLE SUBJECT and SIMPLE PREDICATE.
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Bob left.
Here, all we have is a WHO and a WHAT. These are the SIMPLE SUBJECT and SIMPLE PREDICATE.
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Cute little BOB LEFT for the hair salon.
Here, instead of keeping it SIMPLE, we made it COMPLICATED by adding bows to it.
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• Red-headed John played the piano all night.
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John played.
The SIMPLE version:
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Red-headed JOHN PLAYED the piano all night.
And, complicated, here we go!
What is the SIMPLE subject?
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• The basketball player shoots baskets every day.
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Player shoots.
The SIMPLE version:
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The basketball PLAYER SHOOTS baskets every day.
And, complicated, here we go!
What is the SIMPLE subject?
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• Simple predicate, same idea:– Tom told me a joke.
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Tom told.
The SIMPLE version:
Simple predicate is TOLD.
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TOM TOLD me a joke.
And, complicated, here we go!
Simple predicate: Told.
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But sometimes…
• We try to make a bike with only one wheel…and we end up talking like a caveman.
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The girl with the dog.
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Opened the book.
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Jumping over the fence.
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The doctor at the hospital.
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The student with the notebook.
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A bike with only one wheel…
• We call it a FRAGMENT.– A sentence missing the subject or verb.
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• A sentence can also be a fragment if it is missing punctuation marks, or using the wrong form of the verb (ing or to):– The girl walking her dog.– Jenny to make her bed.
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Run-on Sentence• Two bikes put together without proper
punctuation or connecting words…– Not a four-wheeler, just a bike with four wheels
that really doesn’t work. CAVEMAN!!!!
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• The invalid devised a plan to go to the market he should stay home until he recovers.
• Some people have only one sibling other people have two but some people have three.
• Exercise makes us feel better it is fun too.
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• In order to fix a run-on sentence you have to add and/so/but and punctuation:– Some people have only one sibling, and other
people have two, but some people have three.– The invalid devised a plan to go to the market. He
should stay home until he recovers.OR:Some people have only one sibling. Other people have two, but some people have three.
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There are 4 kinds of sentences.
-Declarative: makes a statement, like “I declare this day a holiday from school.”-Interrogative: a question—interrogates someone. “Where were you last night?”-Imperative: a command—imposes your demands on someone. “Turn around slowly and put your hands where I can see them.”-Exclamatory: has an exclamation point, shows excitement or strong feeling: “I didn’t do it!”
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Recently we talked about…
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PROPER nouns
• AKA SNOTTY nouns.• They are better than everyone else.• Because they are so high and mighty, they
MUST be capitalized.• Names of people, places and things.
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COMMON nouns
• These are just regular Joes. Nothing special.• They are not in love with themselves…so they
don’t need you to capitalize them.
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Proper nouns:• Great Britain• Lake Michigan• Friday• Legacy Preparatory Academy• Homer Simpson• Pillsbury• Aunt Jemima’s Syrup• July• Halloween• Oreo• Hannah Montanah• Hannibal Lecter
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Common nouns
• country• lake• day• month• girl• book• chocolate
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– Alley: a narrow street– Ally: someone who is on your side
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– Miso: Greek prefix, means “hatred”– Misogynist: one who hates women– Misoneism: hatred of change– Misogamist: someone who hates marriage – Micro: a Greek prefix that means “small”– Macro: a Greek prefix that means “large”