28 RES. BULL. MEGURO PARASIT. MUS. No. 7, p. 28- 31 , 1973

SIPHONAPTERA FROM SMALL MAMMALS IN NORTHERN HONSHU, JAPAN

Zen-emon ONO

(Hohllaido Institute of Public Heallh )

obuhiro T AKADA

(Hiosaki University chool of Medicine)

ABSTRACT: Having examined 610 specimens of fleas collected at 39 localities in northern Honshu the writers have found 9 species and 3 subspecies, of which three , Hystricllo/Jsylla ozeana, Rhadino­/Jsy lla olmoi and Monopsyllus indages lis , are new to northern Honshu.

INTRODUCTION

The Siphonaptera reported in this paper are based on the specimens collected by the junior author (N. T .) in his survey of the ectoparasites of small mammals in northern Honshu, and some specimens of­fered by Dr. H. ABE and Dr. T. KOBA Y A­SHI of Hokkaido University and by Dr. K. HATTORI of Hokkaido Institute of Public Health. In the course of the present studies 9 species and 3 subspecies of the Sipho­naptera have been known to occure in norhtern Honshu. The specimens examined are deposited in the collection of the De­partment of Parasitilogy, Hirosaki Univer­sity School of Medicine and the Meguro Parasitological Museum, Tokyo.

Family PYGIOPSYLLIDAE 1. Stivalius aestivalis J AMESO and SAKA­

GUT I

(Stivalius aestivalis JAM ESON and SAKA­Gun, 1954, Jour. Parasit., 40, 374)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. -­I ~ 1 ~ , Senninkyo Hakkoda-san, ex Apo­demus speciosus, 15- VIII- 1967 (H. ABE and T. KOBAYASHI leg. ) ; 5 ~ , ex Apodemus speciosus, 13-VIII- 1967 (H. ABE and T. Ko­BAYASHI leg. ). Akita Pret. - 1 ~ , Tai­hei-san, ex Apodemus speciosus, 7- VII- 1967. Iwate Pref. -- 1 ~ , Kunimi-onsen, ex Apo­demus speciosus, 29- VI- 1967. Yamagata Recei ved for publication May 15,~1972

Pref. -- 1 ~ , Haguro-san, ex Apodemus speciosus, 10- VII - 1970.

This species is only a representative of the genus SLivalius in Japan . There are many species of th is genus in the Oriental reg ion and some ones in Africa. This flea has been believed to be rare in northern Honshu, but the present data suggest that it is common in northern Honshu .

Family HYSTRICHOPSYLLIDAE 2. H ystrichopsylla (Hystrocera s) ozeana

NAKAGAWA and SAKAGUTI

(Hystrichopsylla ozeana NAKAGAWA and SAKAGUTI, 1959, Japan Wildltfe Bull. , 17, 131)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. -1 ~ , Akudo Hirosaki-shi, ex Microtus mon­tebelli, IV- 1971; 1 ~ , Hirosaki-koen Hirosa­ki-sh i, ex Microtus montebelli, 19- XI- 1967; 1 ~ , Hirosaki-koen, ex Microtus montebelli, 30- II1- 1970; 1 ~ , Hirosaki-koen, ex Microtus montebelli, IV- 1971; 1 ~ , Ichinokawa Mo­moishi-machi, ex Apodemus speciosus, 21-XI- 1969; 1 ~ , Makado-onsen, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 12- X - 1967; 3 ~ , Sannohe-machi, ex Microtus montebelli, 7- XII- 1971; 1 ~ ,

Tamogino Aomori-shi, ex Microtus monte­belli, 1 ~ 1 ~ , Tsurubeotoshi-toge, ex Micro­tus montebelli, 4- XII- 1969. Iwate Pref. -­I ~ , Kozunagi-mura, ex Microtus montebelli, 20- IX- 1968; 1 ~ , Tatsunomori Matsuo-mura, ex Microtus montebelli, 20- X- 1971.

ONO, Z. & T AKADA, N . 29

This species has been known to occur in central Honshu and Kyushu. On the basis of the present specimens the writers give northern Honshu as a new locality.

3. Stenoponia montana DARSKAYA

(Stenoponia montana DARSKA Y A, 1949, Akad. Nauk. SSSR Dok., 67, 951)

Specimens examined : Aomori Pref. --3 (!) 3 ~ , Hirosaki-koen Hirosaki-shi, ex Mi­crotus montebelli, 8- XI- 1967, 6-VIII- 1968, 30-1II- 1970; 1 ~ , Hirosaki-koen, ex Apodemus speciosus, 8- XI- 1968; 1 ~ , Tappi-saki, ex Microtus montebelli, 10- X- 1971; 1 ~ , Nuru­kawa-onsen, ex Microtus montebelli, 21- XI-1968; 2 ~ , Sannohe-machi, ex Microtus mon­tebelli, 7- XII- 1971; 1 ~ , Tsurubeotoshi-toge, ex Apodemus argenteus, 3- XII- 1969. Akita Pref. -- 3 ~ , Nagabashiri Hanaya-machi, ex Microtus montebelli, 26- XI- 1970; 3 ~ ,

Nagabashiri, ex Clethrionomys andersoni, 26-XI-1970.

This species is distributed in northern Korea, Manchuria, the Primorsk region, Sag hal in and Japan [Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushul SAKAG UTT and JAM ESO (1962) has suggested that Honshu and Kyu­shu form might be treated as a subspecies. Having compared the specimens examined with a lot of specimens of this species from Hokkaido and Kyushu the writers could not find any special differences among them.

4. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) ohnoi NAKAGAWA

(Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) ohnoi AKAGAWA, 1957, jap. jour. Sand. Zool.,

8, 90)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. -­I ~ , Hirosaki -koen Hirosaki -sh i, ex Clethri­onomys andersoni, 29- IV- 1970. Akita Pref. -- 1 ~ , Nagabashiri Hanaya-mach i, ex Clethrionomys andersoni, 29- VI- 1970.

This species is new to northern Honsh u.

5. Ctenophthalmus (Euctenophthalmus) congeneroides congeneroides WAG NER

(Ctenophthalmus congeneroides WAGNER, 1930, Ann. Mus. Zool. Sci. URSS., 30 , 537)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. --3 (!) ll ~ , Akudo Hirosaki-shi, ex Microtus montebelli, IV- 1971; 1 ~ , Ajigasawa-machi, ex Microtus montebelli, 26- VIII- 1969; 3 (!) , Choshoji Hirosaki-shi, ex Microtus monte­belli, 8- V- 1967; 1 (!) 2 ~ , Hashikami-mura, ex Microtus montebelli, 15- VIII- 1970; 1 (!) , Hashikami-mura, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 15-VIII- 1970; 38 (!) 42 ~ , Hirosaki-koen Hir­osaki-shi, ex Microtus montebelli, V-1967~

IV- 1971; 1 (!) , Iwaki-san, ex Microtus mon­tebelli, 7- X- 1971; 1 ~ , Hyakuzawa Iwaki-ma­chi, ex Microtus montebelli, 19- VIII- 1971; 1 ~ , Ichikawame Momoishi- machi, ex Apo­demus speciosus, 21- XI- 1969; 7 (!) 13 ~ , Ichi­nowatari Hirosaki-shi, ex Microtus monte­belli, IV, XI- 1970; 1 ~ , Kanita-machi, ex Apodemus speciosus, 29· X- 1971; 1 ~ , Moya Aomori-shi, ex Microtus montebelli, 9- VIII-1970; 10 (!) 16 ~ , Natsudomari-hanto, ex Microtus montebelli, 15- IV - 1968 ; 3 (!) Oshima Natsudomari-hanto, ex Microtus montebelli, 15- V- 1968; 1 (!) 2 ~ , Owani-onsen, ex Mi­crotus montebelli, 6- XII- 1971; 1 ~ , Sannohe­machi, ex Microtus montebelli, 7- XII- 1971; 1 (!) 6 ~ , Sukayu-onsen, ex Clethrionomys andersoni, 19-VI- 1967; 1 ~ , Yunosawa Ika­rigaseki-mura, ex Microtus montebelli, 31-1II- 1967; 1 (!) 1 ~ , Zatoishi Hirosaki sh i, ex Microtus montebelli, 21- VII- 1970. Akita Pref. -- 4 (!) 3 ~ , Akita-shi, ex Microtus montebelli, IV- 1958 (H. ABE leg. ) ; 1 ~ , Nag­abashiri Hanaya-machi, ex Apodemus spe­ciosus, 29- VI- 1970.

This subspecies is distributed in Trans­baikalia, Cisamur, the Primorsk region, Korea and Japan [Honshu, Shikoku and kyushul It is very common being para­s itic on microtine rodents. In Hokkaido the other subspecies, Ctenophthalmus con­generoides truncus, is distributed.

6. Neopsylla sasai JAMASON and K UMADA

(Neopsylla sasai J AMESO and KUMADA, 1953, jour. Parasil., 39, 459)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. --3 (!) , Ichinowatari Hirosaki-shi, ex Apodemus speciosus, 2- XI- 1971; 1 (!) , Owani-onsen, ex Apodemus speciosus, IV - 1958 (K. HATTORI leg. ) ; 1 (!) , Kanita-machi, ex Apodemus

30 RES. BULL. MEGURO PARASIT. MUS. No.7, 1973

speciosus, 29- X - 1971; 2 ~ , Yachi -onsen, ex Apodemus speciosus, 13-VIII- 1967 (H. ABE and T. KOBAYASHI leg_). Akita Pref. -­I ~ 1 ~ , Goshokake-onsen, ex Apodemus speciosus, 20- X - 1967 _

This species is distributed in Honshu and Hokkaido, being commonly parasitic on small rodents especially on species of Apo­demus.

7. Paleopsylla nippon JAMESO N and KUM­

ADA

(Palaeopsylla nippon JAMESON and KUM­ADA, 1953, Jour. Parasit., 39, 456)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. -­I ~ , Akudo Hirosaki -shi , ex Urotrichus tal­poides, 27-VIII- 1967; 3 ~ 1 ~ , ChOshOji Hir­osaki-shi, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 8- VI-1967 ; 1 ~ 1 ~ , Hirosaki-koen Hirosaki-shi, ex Microtus montebelli, 19- 23-V- 1967 ; 1 ~ ,

Hirosaki-koen, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 3-XII - 1968; 1 ~ , Ichinowatari Hirosaki -shi ,

ciosus, 21-XI- 1969; 1 ~ , Ajigasawa-machi, ex Microtus montebelli, 26- VIII - 1969; 2 ~ 1 ~ , Nurukawa-onsen, ex Microtus monte­belli, 21-XI- 1969, 1 ~, Nuruyu-onsen, ex Microtus montebelli, 21- XI - 1969; 2 ~ 1 ~ ,

Owani -onsen, ex Microtus montebelli (K. HATTORI leg. ) ; 2 ~ , Tamogino Aomori-shi , ex Microtus montebelli, 24-XI- 1969. Akita Pref. -- 1 ~ , Nagabashiri Hanaya-machi, ex Clethrionomys andersoni, 27- XI- 1970; 1 ~ ,

Goshokake-onsen, ex Apodemus speciosus, 24-1- 1969. Iwate Pref. - - 1 ~ , Tatsuno­mori Matsuo-mura, ex Apodemus argenteus, 28-X- 1971; 3 ~ 10 ~ , Tatsunomori, ex Mi­crotus montebelli, 28- X- 1971.

This subspecies has been known only to be parasitic on Clethrionomys andersoni captured at Mt. Hakkoda and Mt. Zao in northern Honshu. In this paper Microtus montebelli is added as a new true host of this flea for the first time.

ex Urotrichus talpoides, ll- II- 1971; 1 ~ ,

Iwaki-san, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 10- X- 9. 1971; 2 ~ 3 ~ , Kanita-machi, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 29-X - 1971; 2 ~ , N akasato-machi,

Family CERATOPHYLLIDAE Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc) (Pulex fasciatus Bosc, 1801, Bull. Philom. Paris, 2, 156)

Soc.

ex Urotrichus talpoides, 12- X- 1970. Akita Pref. -- 3 ~ , Nagabashiri Hanaya-machi, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 26-XI- 1970; 2 ~ ,

Nakamura Ogachi-machi , ex Urotrichus talpoides, 8-VII- 1970. Iwate Pref. - 1~ ,

Otsuchi-machi, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 15-IV- 1965 (H. ABE leg. ). Yamagata Pref. -- 2 ~ , Karikawa Tachikawa-machi, ex Urotrichus talpoides, 1O-VII- 1970.

This species is distributed throughout Japan except Hokkaido, being principally parasitic on shrew-moles.

Family LEPTOPSYLLIDAE 8. Peromyscopsylla hamifer michinoku

SAKAGUTI

(Peromyscopsylla hamzfer michinoku SAK­

AGUTI, 1960, Jap . Jour. San it. Zool., 11, 128)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. -­I ~ , Icinowatari Hirosaki -shi, ex Microtus montebelli, 2-XI - 1971 ; 2 ~ , Ichinowatari, ex Apodemus speciosus, 2-XI- 1971 ; 1 ~ , Ichika­wame Momoishi-machi, ex Apodemus spe-

SPecimens examined: Aomori Pref. 1 ~ , Ajigasawa-machi, ex Microtus monte­belli, 26-VI- 1969; 2 ~ , Inakadate-machi , ex Rattus norvegicus, 13-XII- 1971. Iwate Pref. -- 1 ~ , Otsuchi-machi, ex Urotricus tal­poides, 13- IV- 1963 (H. ABE leg.).

This cosmopolitan rat-flea is parasitic on Rattus spp., being very common in Honshu and Hokkaido.

10. Malaraeus (Amalaraeus) andersoni (ROTHSCHILD)

(Ceratophyllus andersoni ROTHSCHILD, 1908, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908, 628)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. --1 ~ ,ChOshoji Hirosaki-shi, ex Microtus mon­tebelli, 8-VI - 1967; 1 ~ , Hirosaki -koen Hiro­saki-shi , ex Microtus montebelli, 30-II1-1970. Akita Pref. -- 2 ~ 1 ~ , Nagabashiri Han­aya-machi, ex Clethrionomys andersoni, VI, X- 1970.

This species has been known to be para­sitic on mirotine rodents in Honshu and Kyushu.

ONO, Z. & T AKADA, N. 31

11. Monopsyllus ani sus (ROTHSCHILD)

(Ceratophyllus anisus ROTHSCHILD, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, 332)

SPecimens examined: Aomori Pref. -­I lJ , Ichinowatari Hirosaki-shi, ex Sciurus lis, 28-X- 1970.

This species is distributed in eastern Asia, being known as a parasite of Rattus spp. It is very common throughout Japan.

12. Monopsyllus indages lis O NO

(Monopsyllus indages lis ONO, 1958, Med­icine and Biology, 46, 58)

Specimens examined: Aomori Pref. -­I lJ 1 ~ , Ichinowatari Hirosaki-sh i, ex Sciu­ruslz"s, 28-X- 1970; 11l ~ 200 ~ , Ichinowa­tari, ex two nests of Sciurus lis, 28-X- 1970; 1 ~ , Ichinowatari, ex Apodemus speciosus, 5-XI-1970.

This flea has been known to be a para­site of Sciurus lis and Petaurista leucogenys in central Honshu and Shikoku. The pre­sent writers give northern Honshu as a new locality of this subspecies for the first time. In Hokkaido another subspecies, Monopsyllus indages in dages, is known.

HOST LIST

The flea species considered to be true parasites of particular species of host are marked with an asterisk ( *) . Flea is listed under each host species.

Urotricus talpoides Hystrichopsylla ozeana Ctenophthalmus congeneroides congene­

roides * Palaeopsylla nippon

Nosopsyllus jasciatus Rattus norvegicus * Nosopsyllus jasciatus Apodemus argenteus

Stenoponia montana Peromyscopsylla hamijer michinoku

Apodemus speciosus * Stivalius aestivalis

Hystrichopsylla ozeana Stenoponia montana Ctenophthalmus congeneroides congene­

roides * Neopsylla sasai

Peromyscopsylla hamifer michinoku Monopsyllus indages lis

Clethrionomys andersoni Stenoponia montana Ctenophthalmus congeneroides congene-

roides * Rhadinopsylla ohnoi * Peromyscopsylla hamijer michinoku * Malraeus andersoni Microtus montebelli * Hystrichopsylla ozeana * Stenoponia montana * Ctenophthalmus congeneroides congene­

roides * Peromyscopsylla hamzfer michinoku

Nosopsyllus jasciatus Palaeopsylla nippon

* Malaraeus andersoni Sciurus lis * Monopsyllus indages lis

Monopsyllus anisus

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

We express our gratitude to Prof. T. YAMAGUCHI, Director oj the Department oj Parasitology, Hirosaki University School oj Medicine, for his encouragement throughout this study. We are a lso indebted to Dr. H. ABE and Dr. T. KOBAYASHI of Hokkaido University and to Dr. K. HATTORI of Hok­kaido Institute oj Public Health for giving valiable materials collected in northern Honshu. Last but not least thanks are also due to Prof. C. WATANABE of Hokkaido University for his kindness in reading through this manuscript.