Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton lived in England

during the 1600s. Like all scientists, he made observations

about the world around him. Some of his observations were about

motion. His observations have been supported by more data over time; and we now call these Newton’s Laws of Motion.

His laws of motion explain rest, constant motion, accelerated motion, and describe how balanced and unbalanced forces act to cause these states of motion.

Law of Inertia LAW #1 An object at rest

will remain at rest or an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Also known as Law of inertia (an object’s resistance to change its motion)

EXAMPLESWhen rolling a marble across the floor, it will stop.

Seat belts keep you from going through your windshield.

Roller coaster will continue moving with enough energy

A book will remain at rest, unless you push it.

NEWTON’S LAWSLaw #1 Video

Newton’s 1st Law Example: If the car were to abruptly stop and the seat belts were not being worn, then the passengers in motion would continue in motion.

Newton’s 1st Law Example: If the motorcycle were to abruptly stop, then the rider in motion would continue in motion. The rider would likely be hurled from the motorcycle and be hurled into the air.

Newton’s 1st Law Example:

When the car suddenly begins to move, the inertia of the people in the car pushes them back against their seats. When the car moves, the people want to remain at rest.

Why is this animation an example of Newton’s 1st Law?

If the truck were to abruptly stop and the straps were no longer functioning, then the ladder in motion would continue in motion.

Which object has more mass?

The elephant has more mass.

Which object has more inertia?

The elephant has more inertia because it has more mass, it will resist a change in motion more than the basketball.

Law of Force & AccelerationLAW #2 The net force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.

F = m x a

EXAMPLESPushing a box of books is easier with two people than one.

F = M x A

Pushing a bowling ball and golf ball with the same force will cause the golf ball to move faster

Golf ball: M x A = F

NEWTON’S LAWSLaw #2 Video

More ExamplesA train trying to stop takes a lot more force than a car because…

F = M x A

An 18-wheeler will hit a car with a great force because…

F = M x A

More ExamplesIf I make a car that is 100 kg lighter than its previous model, what will be the effect on the force required to move the car?

F = M x A

PracticeQuestions 1, 6, 9

Law of Action-Reaction

LAW #3 For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

EXAMPLES

What goes up, must come down.

The bat hits the ball and the ball hits the bat.

The rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the exhaust gases push the rocket up.

NEWTON’S LAWSLaw #3 Video

•Sit next to your rocket partner with your jackets!

From front table (per partnership):•Get ½ piece of construction paper.•Get ½ sheet with circle pattern.

Rocket Materials per Partnership1 piece of construction paper½ sheet with circle pattern

Rocket Creation Steps1 partner is cutting out circle pattern page1 partner is forming body tube around film

canister – use a little tape as possible!

Rocket Creation StepsForm cone for rocket top - attach from insideAttach fins – use as little tape as possible!

Rocket Launching RulesYou MUST wear goggles the entire time

we are outside or you will NOT launch your rocket.

Bring beaker of water – ½ fullBring film canister

Once outside…We will line up our rocket in one lineWe will fill 1/3 of our film canister with

waterWhen instructed, 1 partner will put ½ a

tablet of alka seltzer inside the film canister.Quickly, close the canister and move back to

the watch zone (the grass)Time permitting…we will launch our rockets

twice

Exit Ticket1. How did you see Law 1 with your

rocket launch?2. How did you see Law 2 with your

rocket launch?3. How did you see Law 3 with your

rocket launch?