sisters united: a community based initiative to reduce infant mortality in the african american...
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SISTERS UNITED: A community based initiative to reduce infant mortality in the African American community
Arkansas Department of Health Office of Minority Health & Health DisparitiesFamily Health Branch
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MISSION to provide leadership in improving
health outcomes by advocating for health equity for at-risk populations as defined by race or ethnicity, age, education, disability, gender, geographical location, income, and sexual orientation.
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OBJECTIVES Describe the burden of infant mortality
in Arkansas’ African American communities.
Describe a state health agency role in reducing infant mortality.
Describe key components of an initiative aimed at reducing infant mortality.
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MINORITIES IN ARKANSAS
Consist of 670,689 (23%) of the population:
African-American (15.4%)Latino (6.4%)Asian (1.2%)American Indian/Alaskan Native (0.8%)Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (0.2%)*Multiple Races (2.0%)Other (3.4%)
Source: www.2010.census.gov
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Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates by Cause, Race and EthnicityArkansas 2008-2012 – Based on Level of Disparity
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Cause of Mortality Total African American WhiteDisparity Ranking
HIV 2.2 7.6 1.2 6.3
Homicide 7.5 21.1 4.8 4.4
Diabetes 26.2 57.6 22.9 2.5
Asthma 1.3 2.6 1.2 2.2
Cervical cancer 3.3 5.9 3.0 2.0
Infant mortality* 7.3 11.8 6.4 1.8
Colorectal cancer 18.5 24.9 18.0 1.4
Cerebrovascular disease 51.7 69.47 50.09 1.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
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8
12
16
20
8.27.6
8.38.8
8.0 8.1 8.37.5 7.1 7.3 6.9 7.0
7.36.4
7.27.7
7.16.3
6.8 6.4 6.0 6.4 6.3 5.9
12.012.7 12.8
13.7
12.4
15.714.7
12.812.3
11.3
9.4
12.3
Infant Mortality Rate by Maternal Race, Arkansas Resident Births
Total White Black
Pe
r 1
,00
0 L
ive
Bir
ths
Source: Linked Birth/Infant Death Files, Health Statistics Branch, Arkansas Department of Health
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ARKANSAS RISK FACTORS
Infants:
birth weights less than 3.3 pounds
born at gestational ages less than 32 weeks
birth defects
mothers had no prenatal care
mothers who smoked ≥ pack of cigarettes per day
mothers had at least one medical complication
African American
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ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM
Our office was asked by the Branch Chief of the Family Health Branch to assist with addressing these disparities.
We suggested mobilizing graduate sorority chapters.
Met with key partners to determine the major focus areas of this new project.
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POTENTIAL FOCUS AREAS
Low birth weightBirth defectsImmunization rates SIDSBreastfeedingTobacco use
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Low Birth Weight
Prematurity is the leading cause of African American death in the 1st year of life
African Americans have 3X s the rate of 28 week babies as other races
Preterm deliveries account for the vast majority of racial disparity
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Birth Defects 2nd leading cause of death in the 1st year
of life
About 1 in every 33 babies is born with a birth defect.
Most occur in the first 3 months of pregnancy.
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Flu Immunization During Pregnancy
Flu Shot can:• decrease the chance of mother and
baby dying from the flu by 50%• decrease the chance of mother and
baby getting the flu and premature delivery by 70%
Pregnant women that received a flu shot Latino------------69%
White----------------66%African Americans ----40%
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SIDSAlways putting a baby to sleep on
their back decreases SIDS by 50%
Only 1 out of 3 Black Moms always put their babies to sleep on their backs
2 out of 3 White Moms always put their babies to sleep on their backs
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Breastfeeding Rates in Arkansas
Total White, NH Black,NH Hispanic0
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
69.1 72.7
41.4
90.6
Women Who Ever Breastfed by Race/Ethnicity: Arkansas, 2008-2010
Pe
rce
nt
Source: Arkansas PRAMS survey.
Tobacco UseSmoking
African American Moms have low smoking rates• AR pregnant smoking average--------------------24%
• AA AR Moms--------------12%
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FOCUS AREAS
1 •Folic Acid
2 •Flu Shot
3 •Breastfeeding•Safe Sleep
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Why Sororities?18
History of Fraternities and Sororities AA fraternities and sororities
have roots in Masonry.
Inclusion was not welcoming to African Americans so a “black version” was created in the late 1700s.
The first white fraternity was established in 1776.
The first white was formed in 1867.
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History of AA Sororities
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1908
19221920
1913
Notable Members21
AΦАAlpha Phi Alpha FraternityFounded in 1906 at Cornell UniversityRev. Martin Luther King, Jr Civil Rights Activist
AKАAlpha Kappa Alpha SororityFounded in 1908 at Howard UniversityPhylicia RashadActor
KАΨKappa Alpha Psi FraternityFounded in 1911 at Indiana UniversityJohnnie CochranAttorney
ΩΨΦOmega Psi Phi FraternityFounded in 1911 at Howard UniversityRonald McNairChallenger Astronaut
ΔΣΘDelta Sigma Theta SororityFounded in 1913 at Howard UniversityDr. Joycelyn EldersFormer US Surgeon General
ΦBΣPhi Beta Sigma FraternityFounded in 1914 at Howard UniversityRep. John LewisUS Congressman
ZΦBZeta Phi Beta SororityFounded in 1920 at Howard UniversityZora Neal HurstonAuthor
ΣΓΡSigma Gamma Rho SororityFounded in 1922 at Butler UniversityVictoria RowellActor
Honorary Members22
Former US President Bill Clinton
Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity
Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority
Arkansas African American Sorority Graduate Chapters (2012)
Data source: State Coordinators of African American Sorority Graduate Chapters
AKA CHAPTER’SBeta Phi Omega Tjuana Byrd Sherwood Chi Eta Omega Philis L. Nichols-Anderson LR, FaulknerChi Nu Omega Laura M. Hunter Malvern Delta Omega Omega Cynthia L. Bennett Pine Bluff Eta Sigma Omega Jacqueline E.H. Young Marianna Kappa Nu Omega Genee' L. Gaines JonesboroLambda Sigma Omega Bobbie Trible-Diamond BlythevilleMu Chi Omega Donna Faye Ross HelenaPhi Alpha Omega Ella Donnell Lambey BentonvillePhi Zeta Omega Patricia Doss Glover MagnoliaPi Chi Omega Angela Marie Davis West MemphisSigma Beta Omega Sheryl Hamilton Camden
DELTA CHAPTER’SCentral Arkansas Alumnae Claudette Barbee Little RockNorthwest Area Alumnae Kimberly McGee FayettevilleBlytheville Alumnae Floyd Jean Moore BlythevilleForrest City Alumnae Kristen Haynes Forrest City Fort Smith Alumnae Tiffinee C. Baker Fort SmithHelena Alumnae Tanya Greenberry West HelenaHot Springs Alumnae Amanda Snowdan ArkadelphiaJonesboro Alumnae Kim McCray State UniversityLittle Rock Alumnae Angela Doyne Little RockMagnolia Alumnae Cheryl Stuart MagnoliaMarianna Alumnae Janis Waddy Marianna Pine Bluff Alumnae Charlene Kelley Pine Bluff Southeast Arkansas Alumnae Rhonda Rigell MonticelloWest Memphis Area Alumnae Sheri Lowe West MemphisTexarkana Alumnae Patricia Anthony Texarkana
ZETA CHAPTER’SAlpha Mu Zeta Chapter Beverly Cook Little RockEta Sigma Zeta Kathy Tatum No. Little RockEpsilon Zeta Zeta Juanita Cook Pine BluffNu Omega Zeta Sabreana Hytche Arkadelphia Sigma Gamma Zeta Aja Osler JonesboroUpsilon Pi Zeta Treva Sanders West MemphisXi Sigma Zeta Sandra Taylor Forrest CityPsi Iota Zeta Carolyn Saterfield CamdenPi Psi Zeta Shonta Williams StampsPi Chi Zeta Nashanda Brown LowellTheta Gamma Zeta U. Jean Williams West HelenaIota Beta Zeta Marva Washington Osceola
SIGMA GAMMA RHO CHAPTER’S
Little Rock -Theta Sigma Carroll Brown Little RockConway -Kappa Xi Sigma Monika Miller MaumellePine Bluff- Kappa Psi Sigma Dorothy Penix Pine Bluff
Arkansas African American Sorority Graduate Chapters
Data source: State Coordinators of African American Sorority Graduate Chapters
Alpha Kappa Alpha (1908)
12 chapters Oldest Chartered Chapter: Beta Pi Omega (1937) 699 combined members 6 websites 4 Facebook accounts Over 800 combined Facebook contacts 1 Chapter has past experience in infant mortality
“Service to All Mankind”
Delta Sigma Theta (1913)
15 chapters Oldest Chartered Chapter: Pine Bluff Alumnae (1944) 860 combined members 6 websites 2 Facebook accounts 203 combined FB contacts 1 chapter has past experience in infant mortality
“Intelligence is the torch of wisdom”
Zeta Phi Beta (1920)
12 Chapters (9 responses) Oldest Chartered Chapter: Alpha Mu Zeta (1940) 203 combined members 2 websites 1 Facebook account 128 combined FB contacts 5 chapters have past experience in infant mortality
“A community conscious, action-oriented organization”
Sigma Gamma Rho (1922)
3 Chapters Oldest Chartered Chapter: Theta Sigma (1932) 29 combined membership 0 Facebook account 0 Combined FB contacts 0 websites 1 Chapter has past experience in infant mortality
“Greater Service, Greater Progress”
SISTERS UNITED POTENTIAL IMPACT
42 Chapters 1,762 combined members 7 Chapters have past experience in Infant Mortality 23 counties 315,986 AA’s in counties Over 1,100 combined FB contacts 14 websites / 7 Facebook accounts
SISTERS UNITED Invited presidents of African American Sorority
graduate chapters to attend leadership meeting.
Asked for their help by joining SISTERS UNITED.
31 out of 42 chapters joined and committed to send representatives to attend an 8 hour training.
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WORK GROUP MEMBERS
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3 members from each chapter
Prefer MDs, PhDs, Nurses, Public Health professionals
Able to attend meetings during work hours
At least one member > 50 (grandmother)
SISTERS UNITED GOAL
To increase awareness among African Americans about infant mortality and share prevention methods to disseminate throughout the community.
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SOCIAL MEDIA33
FACEBOOK34
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EVALUATION37
2 - flu shot1- folic acid 1-
breastfeeding2 - safe sleep
TRAINING 58 sorority members from the 31
chapters attended a train-the-trainer conference
The attendees received name badges with the title SISTERS UNITED TRAINER
Session included mock inter views to learn how to deliver effective media messages.
Participants received a binder with
handouts, flash drive, evaluation forms, talking points when scheduling media interviews and youtube videos.
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BRANDING39
NICHD released RFA to conduct community outreach and education aimed at reducing the risk of SIDS within the African-American community.
Our office encouraged each SU chapter to apply for these funds.
A total of 29 organizations awarded grants and 21 of those were SISTERS UNITED chapters.
MINI-GRANTS
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PORTRAIT UNVEILING
“The artwork entitled, Sisters United, is a representation of African-American Greek sororities united on a campaign to address the community on information to help reduce the infant mortality rate in the state of Arkansas. The globe in the artwork represents the future of our world as these sororities come together to ensure the safety and future potential that our children have in making this world a better place. By reducing the infant mortality rate, our children will thrive to become educated individuals destined to change this world.”
2013 Community Survey
Total = 970
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RESPONSE SUMMARY PRE TESTPOST TEST
1. The illness caused by the flu virus is worse in a pregnant woman 79% 76%
2. The flu can cause a very mild illness in a pregnant woman 32% 30%
3. It is harmful for the baby if the mother receives a flu shot during pregnancy* 24% 9%
4. A flu shot taken during pregnancy can be harmful for the baby* 27% 7%
5. A flu shot during pregnancy can protect an unborn baby* 63% 88%
6. A flu shot during pregnancy can protect the baby after birth* 39% 57%
7. A flu shot can protect a pregnant woman's life* 50% 63%
8. A flu shot can put a pregnant woman's life in danger* 12% 4%
9. Folic acid intake is harmful for a pregnant* 12% 3%
10. Folic acid intake helps prevent some birth defects in the baby only if mom takes it for at least 3 months before getting pregnant* 56% 73%
11. Folic acid should be taken by a pregnant woman before/during pregnancy 74% 76%
* Statistically significant; Two Sample z-test 49
RESPONSE SUMMARY PRE TEST POST TEST
12. Breastfeeding increases the risk of chronic disease in the baby 7.4% 8.5%
13. Breastfeeding is harmful to the mother's health 14.1% 13.0%
14. Breastfeeding is the beginning of healthy eating for the baby 88.2% 86.7%
15. Breastfeeding builds a loving relationship between mom and the baby 69.4% 71.3%
16. Breastfeeding is important for moms who cannot afford formula* 44.1% 53.8%
17. Breastfeeding reduces the chance of SIDS by 50%* 49.1% 68.0%
18. A baby should be laid down on his/her side to sleep* 17.2% 3.2%
19. A baby should be laid down on his/her stomach to sleep* 14.4% 4.4%
20. A baby should be laid down on his/her back to sleep* 77.0% 94.1%
21. It is safer for a baby to sleep in the same bed as the parents 2.7% 2.3%
22. It is safer for a baby to be wrapped in several blankets for sleep 4.1% 2.1%
23. It is safer for a baby to sleep in their own crib# 97.1% 97.9%
2013 Community Survey Results
* Statistically Significant; Two Sample z-test 50
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WORK PLANS (Level 1)53
Goal: Increase awareness among the African American community about infant mortality and share prevention methods they can use to disseminate throughout their respective communities.Objective: Increase Education and Expand Outreach. To reach 30 African Americans and provide education about the importance of folic acid, getting an annual flu shot during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and safe sleep methods.
Key Action Steps: Target Outcome Measure Time Frame
Promote National Birth Defects Prevention Month
Post message on chapter FB page about the benefits of folic acid and share YouTube video
January 7, 2014
Promote National Breastfeeding Month
Post message on chapter FB page about the benefits of breastfeeding
August 1, 2014
Promote Infant Mortality Awareness Month
Post message on chapter FB page and encourage all members to change FB profile pic to SU logo for 24 hours.
September 1, 2014
Promote SIDS Awareness Month
Post message on chapter FB page about SIDS Prevention
October 1, 2014
WORK PLANS (Level 2)54
Promote National Birth Defects Prevention Month
Post message on chapter FB page about the benefits of folic acid and share YouTube video
January 13, 2014
Conduct Folic Acid Presentation at Chapter Meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
February 2014
Promote National Breastfeeding Month
Post message on chapter FB page about the benefits of breastfeeding
August 1, 2014
Conduct Breastfeeding Presentation at Chapter Meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
August 2014
Promote Infant Mortality Awareness Month
Post message on chapter FB page and encourage all members to change FB profile pic to SU logo for 24 hours.
Sept 1, 2014
Promote SIDS Awareness Month Post message on chapter FB page about SIDS Prevention
October 1, 2014
Conduct Safe Sleep Presentation at Chapter Meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
October 2014
Conduct Flu Shot Presentation at Chapter meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
Nov 2014
WORK PLANS (Level 3)55
Promote National Birth Defects Prevention Month
Post message on chapter FB page about the benefits of folic acid and share YouTube video
January 13, 2014
Conduct Folic Acid Presentation at Chapter Meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
Feb 2014
SIDS Walk Run 50 SIDS Grant Pre/Post Surveys on Safe Sleep. Submit forms to NICHD according to guidelines.
May 2014
Promote National Breastfeeding Month
Post message on chapter FB page about the benefits of breastfeeding
Aug 1, 2014
Conduct Breastfeeding Presentation at Chapter Meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
August 2014
Promote Infant Mortality Awareness Month
Post message on chapter FB page and encourage all members to change FB profile pic to SU logo for 24 hours.
Sept 1, 2014
Promote SIDS Awareness Month
Post message on chapter FB page about SIDS Prevention
Oct 1, 2014
Conduct Safe Sleep Presentation at Chapter Meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
October 2014
Conduct Flu Shot Presentation at Chapter meeting
10 SU Pre/Post Surveys on Folic Acid, Fax forms to Cicely at 501.661.2414
Nov 2014
Source: State Coordinators of African American Sorority Graduate Chapters
42 African American Sorority Graduate Chapters, 2014 SISTERS UNITED
SUCCESSES58
STATE REPLICATIONList of chapters in your stateContact chapter presidentsConvene leadership meetingForm SU action groupProvide training Develop work plansFollow-up with chaptersUtilize social mediaEvaluation toolConsider chapter sustainability
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RESOURCEShttps://www.facebook.com/arsistersunited http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4IlmpQ54Y4 (Intro)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Nxhsx9Iok (Folic Acid) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAiLaNgarb4 (Flu Shot)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIAycz8DYJk&feature=plcp(Breastfeeding)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfudqfhjVgs (Safe Sleep)http://vimeo.com/22659669 (Crisis in the Crib)www.aka1908.comhttp://www.deltasigmatheta.org/http://www.zphib1920.org/http://www.sgrho1922.org/homehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvtfJjw4_g4 (Impact Video)
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