United States Environmental Monitoring TS-PIC- 90150 Environmental Protection Systems Laboratory May 1991 Agency P.O. Box 93478

Las Vegas NV 89193-3478

Research and Development

SEPA Site Analysis Burgess Brothers Landfill Bennington County, Vermont

EPA Region 1 and OERR

s

TS-PIC-90150 May 1991

Site Analysis Burgess Brothers Site Bennington County, Vermont

by Bruce D. McDonald, Imagery Analyst The Bionetics Corporation Warrenton, Virginia 22186

Contract No. 68-03-3532

Project Officer Thomas R. Osberg Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center Environmental Monitoring Systems Ijaboratory Warrenton, Virginia 22186, FTS 557-3110

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT U.S. ENVIRONMEtrTAL PROTECTION AGENCY LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89193-3478

NOTICE

This document has undergone a technical and quality control/assurance review and approval by personnel of the EPA/°RD Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas (EMSL-LV), and is for internal Agency use and distribution only.

ABSTRACT

Tins report presents an analysis of aerial photography of the Burgess

Brothers site, located in Bennington County, Vermont. The site lies within

an approximately 230-hectare (570-acre) study area which also includes a dump

and an extraction area. It is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles)

east of the center of Bennington.

According to information provided by the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) Region 1, the site was operated as a sand pit, salvage yard, and dump

between the 1940's and 1976. Union Carbide Corporation's Bennington plant

used the site from 1956 to 1976 to dispose of process wastes from the

manufacture of battery products. Between 1956 and 1971, an unknown quantity

of lead sludge was disposed at the site. Between 1971 and 1976, Union

Carbide poured the equivalent of 47,780 drums of wastes including lead,

mercury, tetrachloroethane, and other hazardous chemicals into an unlined

settling lagoon adjacent to the bank of a sand pit. Soils, ground water, and

surface water at and down-gradient from the site are contaminated with heavy

metals and volatile organic compounds.

This report documents activity within the study area between 1942 and

1990 and was prepared to assist EPA's Region 1 in its remedial investigation

of the site.

Significant activity identified during the period of analysis is

presented in the Summary section.

A fracture trace analysis was requested by EPA Region 1 but could not be

performed due to thick glacial deposits overlying the site.

The EPA's Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center in Warrenton,

Virginia, a branch of the Advanced Monitoring Systems Division of the

Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, performed

this analysis at the request of the Superfund Support Section of EPA Region 1

in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

in Washington, D.C. This analysis covers the period between 1942 and 1990,

and the report was completed in May 1991.

Abstract Hi Introduction 1 Surmary 4 Methodology 6

Aerial Fhoto Site Analysis:

September 2, 1942 8

May 1, 1951 10

May 5, 1974 14

October 10, 1980 20

June 18, 1981 26

April 28, 1990 32

References 38

FIGURES

1. Location Map 2 Aerial Hiotos:

2. September 2, 1942 9

3. May 1, 1951 11

4. May 1, 1951 13

5. May 5, 1974 15

6. May 5, 1974 17

7. May 5, 1974 19

8. October 10, 1980 21

9. October 10, 1980 23

10. October 10, 1980 25

11. June 18, 1981 27

12. June 18, 1981 29

13. June 18, 1981 31

14. April 28, 1990 33

15. April 28, 1990 35

16. April 28, 1990 37

1N1WXJUCTICN

This report presents an analysis of aerial photography of the Burgess

Brothers site, located in Bennington County, Vermont. The site lies within

an approximately 230-hectare (570-acre) study area, which also includes a

dump and extraction area and is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles

east of Bennington. this report documents activity within the study area

occurring between 1942 and 1990 and was prepared to assist the Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA)'s Region 1 in its remedial investigation of the

study area.

According to information provided by the EPA Region 1, a sand pit,

salvage yard, and landfill were operated onsite between the 1940's and 1976.

Union Carbide Corporation's Bennington plant used the site from 1956 to 1976

to dispose of process wastes from the manufacture of battery products.

Between 1956 and 1971, an unknown quantity of lead sludge was disposed at the

site. Between 1971 and 1976, Union Carbide poured the equivalent of 47,780

drums of wastes including lead, mercury, tetrachloroethane, and other

hazardous chemicals into unlined settling lagoons adjacent to the bank of a

sand pit.1 No collateral information was available concerning the dump.

Significant activity identified during this analysis is presented in the

Summary section.

Figure 1 shows the study area location, registered to a photocopy of a

mosaic of two U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) l:24,000-scale topographic maps.

The study area boundary used in this analysis was determined from

observations made from the aerial photography in conjunction with collateral

data supplied by the EPA Region 1 and does not necessarily denote legal

property lines, ownership, or the extent of contamination.

Aerial photography of the study area was obtained to represent the

period from 1942 to 1990.2 Black and white photography from 1942, 1951,

1971, 1974, and 1980; color photography from 1988 and 1990; and color

infrared photography from 1981 and 1986 were used for this analysis. The

1971 and 1986 photography was not reproduced due to small scale. The 1988

•'-Information in this paragraph was supplied by EPA Region 1.

2A complete listing of maps and photography used in this report is provided in the References section.

FIGURE I LOCATION MAP BURGESS BROTHERS BENNINGTON,VT 8 POWNAL, VT Ol I t. APPROX. SCALE I .'24,000 QUADRANGLES

photography was not reproduced because the study area exhibited little

change between 1988 and 1990.

A drainage analysis was performed for 1951 and 1990.

A fracture trace analysis was requested in an effort to identify zones

of fractures in the bedrock which could act as preferential pathways for

contaminant flow away from the site. However, a fracture trace could not be

performed due to thick glacial deposits overlying the site.1

the EPA's Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center in Warrenton,

Virginia, a branch of the Advanced Monitoring Systems Division of the

Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, performed

this analysis at the request of the Superfund Support Section of EPA Region

1 in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

in Washington, D.C. This analysis covers the period from 1942 to 1990, and

the report was completed in May 1991.

Stewart, D.P., and P. Mac Clintock. 1970. Surficial Geologic Map of Vermont. Vermont Geological Survey, Department of Water Resources.

Extraction activity is visible in the northern portion of the study area

in 1942 and 1951. This agrees with collateral information from EPA Region 1

regarding the existence of a sand pit. Disposal may have occurred by 1972

when two possible impoundments were identified. The possible inpoundments

could not be seen by 1974. In 1974, one new empty impoundment and an

adjacent area of disturbed ground were observed. The extraction area seen in

1942 and 1951 is revegetating. One new extraction area is visible along with

two excavations and ground scars in the east central portion of the study

area. A dump is being created in the southern portion of the study area in a

narrow stream valley. An extraction operation was begun between 1971 and

1974 in the southeastern portion of the study area and remained active

through 1990.

In 1980, while the former extraction area in the northern part of the

study area continues to revegetate, the extraction area has expanded in the

east central portion of the study area. TT>e presence of one impoundment and

one possible impoundment, both containing liquid, a bermed area, dark-toned

material, a possible stain, and standing liquid all suggest waste disposal

activity. The empty impoundment seen in 1974 has been filled. The dump at

the southern end of the study area continues to be expanded.

By 1981, probable trenches which suggest waste disposal are visible.

The trenches are located where the bermed area, dark-toned material and

standing liquid were seen in 1980. As in 1980, both the impoundment and the

possible impoundment contain liquid. The dump appears little changed since

1980.

Activity in the northern portion of the study area changes markedly

between 1981 and 1988. A very large extraction area and a large area

adjacent to it appear to be used for disposal.

In 1990, rows of possible pipes are located at the extraction area first

identified in 1988 and may represent some type of scrap or salvage operation.

Numerous tanks, four drums, a junked fuel oil truck, various types of debris,

scrap metal, and pipes are found along the perimeter of the disposal area

first seen in 1988. An extensive mound of gray-brown waste material occupies

the center of the disposal area. This mounded material was seen to a lesser

degree in 1988 but cavers a much larger area by 1990. Two bulldozers and one

crane are in the process of removing some of this material in 1990. Removal

has already occurred along the eastern edge of this material. One new

impoundment containing liquid was identified in 1988 and is covered by the

waste material in 1990.

The dump in the southern portion of the study area was expanded

northward between 1981 and 1990. Ilie dump continued to be used between 1981

and 1990, while a large area on its north side has been cleared of

vegetation.

ME1IIODOIJDGY

A search of government and commercial sources was undertaken to obtain

the best available aerial photography of the site spanning the desired tine

frame. The photography and other sources of information used in this report

are listed in the References section.

The analysis was performed by viewing backlit transparencies of aerial

photography through stereoscopes. Stereoscopic viewing creates a perceived

three-dimensional effect which, when combined with viewing at various

magnifications, enables the analyst to identify signatures associated with

different features and environmental conditions. The term "signature" refers

to a combination of visible characteristics (such as color, tone, shadow,

texture, size, shape, pattern, and association) which permit a specific

object or condition to be recognized on aerial photography.

Photographic prints were made from those years of aerial photographic

coverage that reveal significant information about the site. The analyst's

findings are annotated on overlays to prints and/or base maps and described

in the accompanying text. The study area boundary was determined from the

aerial photography in conjunction with collateral data supplied by EPA Region

1 and do not necessarily denote legal property lines, ownership, or the

extent of contamination.

Due to factors inherent in the photographic printing process, prints do

not exhibit the level of detail that is visible in the original aerial

photography. Therefore, some features identified from the aerial photography

may not be clearly discernible, or even visible, on the photographic prints.

Color infrared filjn has been reproduced for the 1981 photography

(Figures 11-13). Normal color film records reflected energy in the blue,

green, and red portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Color infrared film

differs in that it is sensitive not only to reflected blue, green, and red

energy, but also to reflected energy in the infrared portions of the

electromagnetic spectrum; however, the blue energy is filtered out and only

the green, red, and infrared energy is recorded. When color infrared film is

processed, it displays "false" colors that do not correspond with true colors

of the features photographed. For example, features that are highly

reflective in the infrared portion of the spectrum, such as healthy green

vegetation, appear red to magenta on color infrared film. The false color

displayed by a feature is produced in accordance with the proportions of

infrared, green, and red energy it reflects. Inese proportions are referred

to as the feature's "spectral reflectance characteristics." To interpret the

true color of a particular feature accurately from color infrared film, a

knowledge of the spectral reflectance characteristics of that feature is

required. This information is not readily available for the majority of

features identified in this report. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated,

no attempt is made to interpret the true colors of features identified on the

color infrared film analyzed for this year.

The terms "possible" and "probable" are used to indicate the degree of

certainty of signature identification. "Ftossible" is used when only a few

characteristics are discernible or these characteristics are not unique to a

signature. "Probable" is used when incrementally more characteristics are

discernible. No qualifying terms are used when the characteristics of a

signature allow for a definite feature identification.

AERIAL HETTO SHE ANALYSIS

SEPTEMBER 2, 1942 (FIGURE 2)

Figure 2 represents the earliest available year of photography covering

the study area. Activity at this time is limited to an extraction (EXT)

area, probably a sand pit, visible at the northern portion of the photograph.

Collateral information provided by EPA Region 1 indicated that a sand pit was

operated prior to the beginning of landfilling. Dense vegetation cover

obscures the locations of access roads entering the study area.

8

- Cleared Area - cylindrical Object - Oruns - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dark-Toned - Durpster - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Ijrpoundnent - Liquid - Light-Toned - Material

m - Mounded Material o - Ctoject R - Refuse P£V - Reveqetation s - Structure SL - Standing Liquid sr - Stain

- Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - Wet or Stained Ground - Access Road - Derm - Channelized Drainage - Drainage - Edge of Slope/Fill Face - Fence - Historical Boundary - Study Area Boundary

FIGURE 2 BURGESS BROTHERS SEPTEMBER 2,1942 APPROX. SCALE I!7,900 SITE

MAY 1, 1951 (FIGURES 3 AND 4)

Figure 3 represents the entire study area and shows the area covered by

Figure 4. ~~

10

D DO

SL ST

UX3J4D

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Dnr-s - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dar> -Tcnod - Durpcter - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Grcund Scar - L-pOundnejit - Liquid - Light-Tcned - Material - Hounded tutorial - Object - Peruse - Re-.egetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - '.'ehicle - '.-.'et or Stained Gr

of Slope/Fill Face • Fence • Histcrical Dcuiriary • Study Area Bcxmdary

FIGURE 3 BURGESS BROTHERS MAY 1,1951 APPROX. SCALE 1=7,900 SITE

11

Activity continues at the extraction area in the north central portion

of the photograph.

An access road is seen in the northwest quarter of the photo, and

continues east, where it brandies into north and south forks. The north fork

extends beyond the northeast comer of the photo. Two areas of ground

scarring (GS) and possible light-toned (LT) mounded material (MM) are located

along the south fork of the access road. The south fork branches, forming

east and west forks. Tlie east fork extends a short distance then ends. The

west fork ends at a mound of light-toned material. The access roads appear

more heavily used than in 1942.

Drainage Analysis

A stream flows southward on the eastern portion of the photo then joins

an unnamed tributary of Barney Brook. Barney Brook is joined by several

small tributaries as it flows northwest to the Roaring Branch of Walloomsac

Brook.

12

LB32ID

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Druns - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dar>—Ttnod - Durpstcr - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Inpoundnent - Liquid - Light-Tbned - Material - Mounded riatonal - Cbjoct - Pefuco - Reveaetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - Wet ar Stained Ground - Access Road - Den - Channelized Drainage

- Edge of Slope/Fill Face - Fence

- Historical Boundary ~ Study Area Boundary

4A/B3URGESS BROTHERS DRAINAGE

MAY 1,1951 Ol I t APPRCK. SCALE 1:7,200

13

MAY 5, 1974 (FIGURES 5-7)

Figure 5 represents the entire study area and shews the areas covered

by Figures 6 and 7.

This date of analysis also includes information gathered from 1971

photography and 1972 source material not reproduced for this report.

14

UEQJD

CA - Cleared Area CD - Cylindrical Object D - Drurs DB - Debris DG - Disturbed Ground DK - DorV-Toned DU - Durpster EX - Excavation EXT - Extraction GR - Graded Area GS - Ground Scar IM - Irpoundnent LQ - Liquid LT - Light-Toned M - Material 1 - Mounded Material 0 - Ob)t?ct R - Refuse REV - Revogeutlon S - Structure SL - Standing Liquid ST - StJin T - TanXs TR - Trailer 1 - ehicle H/SG - l>et or StJinod Ground

Access Road Dem

- Channelized Drainage - Drainage

'- Edge of Slope/Fill Face - Fence - Ulsterical Boundary

i - Study Area Boundary

FIGURE 5 BURGESS BROTHERS MAY 5,1974 APPROX. SCALE i:7,200 SITE

15

Activity in the northern portion of the area of investigation increased

between 1951 and 1974. A shallow excavation (EX) and adjacent ground scarred

area are located along the access road in the northwest quarter of the

photograph. The excavation and ground scar were created sometime between

1971 and 1974. The area south of this excavation was cleared in 1972 and is

revegetating (REV) by 1974. To the east, the extraction area seen in 1951

remains approximately the same size; however, no extraction activity is noted

on the 1971 or 1974 photography, lluree areas of light-toned, fine-textured

mounded material were placed at the southern edge of this former extraction

area sometime between 1971 and 1974.

In 1971, a new excavation containing coarse-textured, light-toned

mounded material or debris was seen in the west central portion of the

photograph. Itie excavation appears similar in 1974 and still contains

coarse-textured, light-toned mounded material or debris (DB). In 1971,

scattered light-toned objects (O) were located east of this excavation where,

in 1972, a possible impoundment (IH) was identified. By 1974, bare ground

marks the location of the possible impoundment. An area of disturbed ground

(DG) is noted farther east.

A second possible impoundment was identified in 1971 and 1972 and is

located in the north central portion of the photograph. Bare ground is

visible here in 1974.

Tlie possible light-toned mounded material and adjacent ground scar

identified in 1951 have revegetated (not annotated). A large extraction area

first visible in 1971 extends over an area where a second ground scar and

light-toned mounded material were identified in 1951.

An access road extends south from this new extraction area to an empty

impoundment. The impoundment appears newly constructed, unlined, and unused.

In 1971, this access road led to an area of disturbed ground, and no

impoundment was present. According to EPA Region 1, between 1971 and 1976,

the equivalent of 47,780 drums of wastes including lead, mercury,

tetrachloroethane, and other hazardous chemicals were placed into unlined

settling lagoons adjacent to the bank of a sand pit. Ihe volume of waste

disposed suggests that additional lagoons or impoundments were present

between 1971 and 1976, in addition to the impoundment and two possible

impoundments already identified.

16

CA CO D DB DC DK DU EX E>T GR GS JH U3 IT M m o R REV S SL

FIGURE 6 BURGESS BROTHERS SITE MAY 5,1974 APPROX. SCALE |:3,KX>

17

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Driers - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dn.rt--Tcned - Durpster - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Impoundment - Liquid - Lignt Toned - tVsterial - Mounded Material - Object - Refuse - P/r egetaticn - Structure - Standing Liquid

- Tanks - Trailer - T ehicle - We*- or Stained Ground

i Road

1 Drainage - Drainage - Edge of Slope/Fill Fac - Fence - Historical Boundary - Stud-/ Area Boundary

A dump is visible in the south central portion of the photograph and

was first visible on 1971 photography. The dump is located on the north side

of Burgess Road and partially fills a narrow stream valley formed by Barney

Brook, which flows along the base of the east side of this dump. In 1971,

the dump contained areas of light-toned objects along its southeastern edge,

and a few small light-toned objects were present on the northeastern edge.

By 1974, the dump extends farther east and Barney Brook appears to flow

through a culvert that runs beneath the dump. A vehicle (V) is in motion on

the surface of the dump. The surface of the dump has numerous mounds of

light-toned and dark-toned (DK) material. The northern portion of the fill

face consists mostly of coarse-textured probable vegetative debris. The

southern portion of the fill face is mostly vegetated.

Probable logs are scattered about a cleared area (CA) seen north of the

dump in 1971 and 1974. The area is reached via an access road leading east

from a commercial operation. A smaller cleared area is visible farther east

at the end of this access road in 1971. In 1974, extraction is underway at

this smaller cleared area.

18

CA Cleared Area CO cylindrical Object 0 Druis DB Debris DC Disturbed Ground OK DarV'-PDnod CU Du-psterEX Excavation EXT Extraction CR Graded Area 03 Ground Scar m IrpoundnentW LiquidIT Light-Toned « Material

Mourned Material Cb]ect

R Refuse REV Re-vegetation S Structure SL Standing LiquidST Stain T Tanks TR Trailer

vehicle Wet or Stained Ground Access Road Bern Channelized Drainage Drainage Edge of Slope/Fill Face Fence Historical Boundary Stud-/ Area Boundary

r)GURE 7 3URGESS BROTHERS MAY 5,1974 APPROX. SCALE 1:5,400 SITE

19

OCTOBER 10, 1980 (FIGURES 8-10)

The small scale of the 1980 photography limited the amount of

information that could be gathered for this date.

Figure 8 represents the entire study area and shows the area covered by

Figures 9 and 10.

20

LEGEND

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Cbject

D - Drums DB - Debris DG - Disturbed Ground OK - Dark-Toned DU EX - Excavation EXT - Extraction GR - Graded Area CS - Ground Scar IM - Inpoundment LQ - Liquid LT - Light-Toned M - Material

- Hounded Material - Ob]ect

R - Refuse REV - Revegetation S - Structure SL - Standing Liquid ST - Stain T - Tanks TR - Trailer V - Vehicle W/SG - Wet or Stained Ground

- Access Road - Bern - Channel!zed Drainage - Drainage - Edge of Slope/Fill Fao - Fence - Historical Boundary - Study Area Boundary

FIGURES BURGESS BROTHERS OCTOBER 10,1980 APPROX. SCALE 1:8,300 SUE

21

Fig

In the central portion of Figure 9, revegetation has occurred at the

excavation and adjacent ground scarred area, the former extraction area, the

two areas of bare ground, and the area of disturbed ground. An impoundment

containing liquid (IQ) is located in the central portion of the photograph in

an area which, in 1974, was revegetating after previous extraction. A new

ground scar extends north from part of an area that was an excavation in

1974. The southern part of this former excavation has revegetated.

Additional material has been removed from the extraction area in the

central portion of the photograph, creating a nearly level surface to what

had been a sloping hillside. An area that has been cleared of vegetation

since 1974 and is now revegetating is located at the eastern edge of the

site, adjacent to the extraction area. A rectangular probable berm or similar structure is located at the southern edge of the extraction area.

This bermed area may form some type of disposal area or impoundment. Dark-

toned material (M) is located along the west side of the bermed area and in

two locations to the north. One area of possible staining (ST) is adjacent

to the southeast comer of the bermed area but does not appear to originate

from it.

Farther south, a possible impoundment containing liquid is located where

extraction was noted in 1974. The possible impoundment is roughly square.

The impoundment noted in 1974 has been filled.

22

D DB OS DK CU EX EXT GR OS ra 14 ur H m o R REV S SL ST T IK

UEDID

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Cbject - Drums - Debris - Disturbed Ground - DarJc-Toned - Dunpster - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Inpoundment - Liquid - Llght^Inned - Material - hounded Material - Cb]ect - Refuse - Revegetatlon - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - Met or Stained Ground - Access Road - Bern - Channelized Drainage - Drainage - tag, of Slope/nil ra - Fence - Historical Boundary - Study Area Boundary

3URGESS BROTHERS

23

Figure 10

The western edge of the dunp adjacent to Burgess Road is revegetating.

The surface of the dump is smooth and has probably been graded. Linear rows

of dark-toned material are visible on the surface of the dunp. A new road

exits the east side of the dump and connects with the older access road to

the east. The cleared area noted in 1971 and 1974 is revegetating, and the

extraction area remains active.

a. CO D OB DO DK DU EX BTT GR GS m K)IT « m 0 R REV s SL ST T TO V W/SG

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical object - Drums - Debris - Disturbed Ground - DarkyToned - Dur^Kter - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - lofiounctirent - Liquid - Lignt^lDned - Material - Hounded Material - Object - Refuse - Revegetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - wet or Stained Ground

' - Bern * - Channelized Drainage 1 - Drainage J- Edge of Slope/Fill Face

—• Fence - Historical Boundary

^ H - Study Area Boundary

-IGURE 10 3URGESS BROTHERS OCTOBER K), I960 APPflOX. SCALE SITE

25

JUNE 18, 1981 (FIGURES 11-13)

Figure 11

Figure 11 represents the entire study area and shews the areas covered

by Figures 12 and 13.

26

LB3J1D

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Drums - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dark-Toned - Dunpster - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Grcund Scar - Xnpoundment - Liquid - Ugnt-Toned - Material - Hounded Material - Object - Refuse - Revegetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - staiji - TanXs - Trailer - Vehicle - Met or Stained Ground - Access Road - Bern - channelized Drainage - Drainage - Edge of Slope/Fill Face - Fence - Historical Boundary - study Area Boundary

FIGURE 11 BURGESS BROTHERS JUNE 18,1981 APPROX. SCALE 1:6,OOO SITE

27

Figure 12

The impoundment containing liquid remains visible in the central portion

of the photograph.

Farther east, approximately eight probable nortnwest/southeast-oriented

trenches are visible. The edges of the probable trenches are well-defined

and contrast with the bare ground. Their appearance suggests that they

either contain or recently contained liquid. The trenches are located where

the banned feature and two areas of dark-toned material were identified in

1980. The possible impoundment with liquid remains south of the probable

trenches.

28

__

CA CO D DB DC DK CU EX EXT GR GS m [£ ur H m o R REV S SL ST T TO V W/SG

- , - - , - ,

— ­1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Druire - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dark^Toned - Dunfster - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Injjoundment - Liquid - Light-Toned - Material - Mounded Material - Object - Refuse - Revegetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - Wet or stained Ground

- Bern - Channelized Drainage - Drainage - Edge of Slope/rill Face - Fence

.—'— - Historical Boundary - Study Area Boundary

FIGURE 12 BURGESS BROTHERS JUNE B, 1961 APPROX. SCALE l:S»«0 SITE

29

Figure 13

The dump appears little changed since 1980. The edge of the dunp

adjacent to Burgess Road continues to revegetate. The fill face remains

coarse-textured. Revegetation continues in the formerly cleared area north

of the duirp, and the extraction area remains active.

30

Ok CO D DB DC CK CU EX EXT at <s in W LT H HH 0 R REV S SI ST T ra V W/SG

- Cleared Area - cylindrical Cbject - Drums - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dark-Toned - Dunpster - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar — Xnpoundment - Liquid — TA ght- -TBnori - Material - Mounded Material - Cbject - Refuse - Revegetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tfcnks - Trailer - Vehicle - Wet or Stained Ground

— Access Road -,-,-, - Bern - Channelized Drainage

. - Drainage 1 1 1___ '- Edge of Slope/Fill Face —•—.—.— - Fence

- Study Area Boundary

FIGURE 13 BURGESS BROTHERS JUNE B, 1981 APPROX. SCALE SUE

31

APRIL 28, 1990 (FIGURES 14-16)

The following also contains information from aerial photography dated

May 9, 1988. No photograph encompassing the entire study area was available

for April 28, 1990.

Figure 14

The western portion of Figure 14 shows where material has been extracted

since 1981. This extraction activity was first visible on 1988 photography.

The sloping edges of the extraction areas are visible, and the ground surface

within these areas appears graded (GR). Standing liquid (SL) is seen along

the western edge of this extraction area. Logs are stacked adjacent to this

liquid. Two tanks (T) are seen. They were visible in 1988; however, one has

been crushed since 1988. Three probable tanks are noted at the southern edge

of the extraction area. At least one of the probable tanks was present in

1988. Probable metallic refuse piled at the eastern edge of the extraction

area is seen for the first time.

Logs, a tank, and probable scrap metal are located along an access road

leading east to the disposal area.

The east central portion of Figure 14 shows probable salvage and

disposal activity. Several mounds of tan-brown coarse-textured material are

located along the northwestern edge of this area. Scrap metal and possible

pipes are seen in piles along the northeastern edge of this area and may be

awaiting recycling. Tanks of varying sizes (most of them rusted), a vehicle

that appears to be a fuel oil delivery truck, four drums (D), wet or stained

ground (W/SG), and white coarse-textured refuse comprise the solid waste. A

pit or excavation containing liquid, and a graded area on which standing

liquid is noted are adjacent to the tanks.

Extensive grayish-brown mounded material is stored at the center of the

disposal area. A much greater amount of this material is stored now than in

1988. However, vehicular activity at the mounded material suggests that it

is being removed. Two bulldozers and one crane are located at the southern

edge of the material and may be scooping up material. Immediately north of

the bulldozers and crane is an area where material has been recently removed.

In 1988 an impoundment containing liquid was visible in an area now covered

by this extensive mound of material. There are several layers to this mound

of material, and grading marks, created when the material was originally

32

CA CD D OB DG DK DU EX EXT GR GS IM LQ LT M m 0 R REV 5 SL ST T TO V W/SG

• • » . » . .

" ' ' ' ' ' "

H^^^H

FIGURE 14 BURGESS BROTHERS APRIL 28,1990 VARIABLE SCALE SITE

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Drurs - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dark-Toned - Ducpstar - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Iirpoundnert - Liquid - Light -Ttoncd - Material - Mounded Material - Object - Refuse - Kevegetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - Wet or Stained Grou. - Access Road - Berra - Channelized Drainag. - Drainage - Edge of Slope/Fill ! - Fence - Historical Boundary - Study Area Boundary

33

spread, are visible. A mound of dark brown material located east of this

extensive mound of material appears to be the same type of material.

Along the eastern edge of the disposal area, an extensive amount of

possible pipes and areas of metallic refuse are visible. The metallic refuse

appears discarded rather than being part of a salvage operation. The

possible pipes and refuse are located at the edge of an embankment that

probably was created by deposition of fill material. A stream runs north to

south near the base of the embankment and likely receives contaminated runoff

from the disposal area.

White coarse-textured refuse, and scrap metal mark the perimeter of the

disposal area. A mound of material, with a light brown to gray color similar

to the large mound, is seen near this scrap metal. Orange fencing encircles the southern tip of the disposal area. The

location of this fenced area is south of the former location of an

impoundment, last seen in 1980. Light gray refuse is found within the

eastern portion of the fenced area, while probable earthen material (not

annotated) is found within the western portion.

Figure 15 A gate is now visible at the entrance to the dump along Burgess Road. A

structure (S), trailer (TR) and adjacent large pile of refuse, a nearly empty

dumpster (DU), a vehicle, and a bulldozer are identified near the entrance to

the dump. Much refuse is spread across the surface of the dump. Refuse is

also visible within the fill face. The dump appears to contain a mixture of

domestic, commercial and industrial waste based on objects visible at the

fill face. Specific objects identified include boulders, four possible

drums, tires, a large cylindrical object (CO), logs, and three probable tanks

of various sizes. A large cleared area is north of the dump.

34

CO 0 DO DC DK DU EX EXT GR GS ZH

O R REV S SL ST T TR

FIGURE 15 BURGESS BROTHERS APRIL 28, 1990 SITE SCALE: VARIABLE

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Drums - Debris - Disturbed Ground - Dark-Toned - Dunpster - Excavation - Extraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Inpoundnent - Liquid - Light^Toned - Material - Mounded Material - Object - Refuse - Revegetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - Wet or Stained Grourx. - Access Road - Bern - Channelized Drainage - Drainage - Edge of Slope/Fill Fa - Ferco - Historical Boundary - Study Area Boundary

35

Figure is

Extraction activity continues in this area, which is located northeast

of the dump. No evidence of waste disposal was identified.

36

CA CD D D8 DC DK

OJ EX EXT GR GS IM LQ LT M

MM o R REV s

T TO

FIGURE 16 BURGESS BROTHERS APRIL 28,1990 SCALE i VARIABLE SITE

UKDfD

- Cleared Area - Cylindrical Object - Drums - Debris - Disturbed Ground - DarV-T^ned - Dunpster - Dtcavation - Detraction - Graded Area - Ground Scar - Inpoundnent - Liquid - Ught-Ttmed - Material - Mounded Material - Object - Refuse - Revegetation - Structure - Standing Liquid - Stain - Tanks - Trailer - Vehicle - Wet or Stauwd Groun - Access Road - Bern - Channelized Drainage - Drainage - Edge of Slope/Fill T. - Fence - Historical Boundary - Study Area Boundary

37

REFERENCES

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Mission Agency Prig. EPIC Date September 2, 1942

Agency MARS1

Code AE

Frame $ 48-50

Scale 1:26,000

Frame # 23237-23239

May 1, 1951 uses 2 PA 1:79-81 1:34,000 23748-23750

May 11, 1971 USFS3 EXI 1:256-258 1:42,000 32012:158-160

May 5, 1974 AERO4 VT74 8:54,55 1:20,000 31213,31214

October 10, 1980 ASCS5 50003 280:168,169 1:40,000 31079,31080

June 18, 1981 USFS 81/105 344-346 1:32,500 81/105:344-346

October 13, 1986 USGS NHAP-83 253:216-218 1:58,000 23751-23753

May 9, 1988 USFS 88/044 141-144 Variable 88/044:141-144

April 28, 1990 EPA6 90/021 007-014 Variable 90/021:007-014

MAPS

Sourc Name Scale Date USGS Bennington, VT 1:24,000 1954 USGS Pownal, VT 1:24,000 1954 VGS7 Surficial Geologic Map of 1:250,000 1970

Vermont

- National Archives and Records Administration

2U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior

3U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Aerographics, Inc., Patchogue, NY

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

7Vermont Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Water Resources

38