site report

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)

INTEGRATED ASSIGNMENT:MEASUREMENT I (QSB60104)

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I (BLD 60104)BUILDING MATERIALS (BLD 62003)

SITE VISIT REPORT

STUDENT NAME: NADHIRAH MOHD ZAIN

STUDENT ID NO: 0321366

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 27th NOVEMBER 2015

|TAYLOR UNIVERSITY| SABD | BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR |

TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION………………………………….…………3

CONTENT/TEHNICAL OBSERVATION…………………...5

TYPE OF FOUNDATION……………………………………..7

METHOD TO CONSTRUCT……………………………9 MATERIAL USE FOR PAD FOOTING ………………..10

APPENDIX…………………………………………………….11

CONCLUSION………………….……………………………..13


INTRODUCTION

A site visit to construction site was organized by the program director on 19 th November

2015. The location of the site visit was at Antara Gapi, Hulu Selangor. A total of

approximately 87 students accompany by two lecturers were attended the site visit. All

students were told to gather at university around 8:00 am and need to wear proper attire

like wearing helmet, proper shoes and pant. After arrival to the site and meeting with the

people in charge of guiding us, a short brief about the project was given by En. Sobri.

Before we started our tour around the site, we are reminded of the safety precaution

that we need to follow during our presence in the site by one of the safety officer.

The purpose of this site visit is to give exposure to students about the basic of the

construction process. They will be able to understand, describe and explain the process

of construction and the scientific principles that underpin the design and construction.

Besides, the students are able to witness the usage of construction equipment and

mechanical plants on site. They have the opportunity to explore and identify various

type of building material and technology on site.


PROJECT SUMMARY

Below is the summary of the project:

Project title : Cadangan membina dan menyiapkan 96 unit rumah

berkembar (40’ x 60’) serta infrastuktur yang berkaitan di

Sekyen 2A, Antara Gapi, Hulu Selangor, Selangor.

Contract Value : RM 44 Million

Contract Period : 24 months

Commencement Date : 8 July 2014

Completion Date : 4 July 2016

Developer : Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS)

Architect : Zain Hamzah Architect

C&S Consultant : Wawasan Bersatu Sdn. Bhd.

M&E Consultant : ZNVA & Associated

QS Consultant : MCM Associates Sdn. Bhd.

Contractor : AJ-Corp Sdn. Bhd.


CONTENT/TECHNICAL OBSERVATION

During the briefing by En Sobri about the project, we were informed that this project

consist of four different type of house which are Type 1, Type 2A, Type 2B and Type 3.

All houses were constructed by using pile foundation except for Type 2B. For Type 2B,

the foundation used is pad foundation. From our interview with one of the workers, only

one third of Type 2B house is using pad foundation. This is because the type of soils at

site is different. Pad foundation is suitable for area with soft soil where the one third of

Type 2B houses was constructed.

Some of the houses were almost completed.

The houses are the example for every type of

house design.

The plan of construction site. Middle area is Type 2B that using pile foundation and outer layer area is Type 2B that using pad foundation.

Example for Type 2B house


The construction site is located beside a residential area and near to a playground, so

the whole area of the construction site was surrounded by hoarding to prevent

unauthorized person from access to the site. In the site, we also saw a few

accommodations that were reserved for the workers and also used as an office at the

site. Other than that, a lot of formwork is used during the constructing process.

In the site, we saw some of heavy machinery like

lifting crane, excavator and concrete mixer. Besides

that, a lot of materials were placed on the ground of

the site. All the materials were stored safely. For

example the brick and the block were wrapped with

polythene sheet.

Lifting crane is used to lift heavy object

COLUMNGround level


TYPE OF FOUNDATION.

The foundation used to construct Type 2B house is pad foundation. Pad foundations are

used to support individual or multiple columns and transmit the load to the ground

below. They are generally square or rectangular in plan, with the plan area are

determined by the bearing pressure of the soil allowed.

The

thickness of the slab must be

sufficient to ensure the distribution of

the load. The top of the slop may be

sloping as this is an economic

solution for it. From the conversation that I had with one of the contractor of the project,

the shape and size of the plan will be dictated by the arrangement of the column and

the load to be transferred into the soil. The heavier the load supported, the bigger the

size of the pad footing constructed.

Pad footing can come in many shapes; mass concrete for steel column, reinforce

concrete with sloping upper face, plain reinforced concrete and stepped reinforced

concrete. Below is the diagram of the different type of pad footing.

Above is the diagram of pad footing and image of the pad footing from the site.


METHOD TO CONSTRUCT PAD FOOTING

From what En Hafizi said, to construct pad footing, it all starts with pegging the site with

the correct position of the foundation. After pegging, use excavator to excavate the soil

Mass concrete for steel column Reinforced concrete with slopping upper face

Plain reinforced concrete Stepped reinforced concrete


down to the desire level. Then, build the formwork with the size that is shown in the

detail drawing. After the formwork is done, lay a layer of lean concrete to prepare a

clean and firm base for the footing. Placed the spacer block before reinforcement been

laid. This meant to provide sufficient concrete cover for the rebar. Numbers and size of

the rebars needed must be follow detail drawing. The rebars were bent and tied to form

a basket in advance before the whole thing been lowered and placed inside the

formwork. Then, stump reinforcements are erected. The length of the rebars should be

extended beyond stump level to be a starter bar for the column above. After that,

concrete is poured into the formwork and make sure to compact the concrete during the

process. Wait for the concrete to harden and gain sufficient strength before dismantled

the formwork.

MATERIAL USED IN PAD FOOTING CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT.

In this construction project, the materials that are use are:

1. Lean concrete

The workers are dismantled the formwork once the concrete is harden


For lean concrete, the concrete used is Grade 30 with 50mm thick. Lean concrete is measured in m3.

2. FormworkTECO plywood is used for building formwork in constructing pad footing. The size of the formwork is 2meter x 3meter. As it is exceeding 1 meter high, the formwork is measure in m2.

3. Reinforcement bar16mm diameter of high tensile steel rod is used. Rebar is measured in M.

4. Reinforced concreteFor pad foundation, they using reinforced concrete Grade 30N. They prepare a mixture of sand, aggregates, water and cement with certain ratio to form the concrete. Concrete is also measure in m3.

APPENDIX


The workers are binding the rebars with stirrup or link.

Pile foundation for other houses.

Bent and tied rebars that are form into ‘basket’ shape.


The excavator is used to excavate the site.

The contractor showing the cast in-situ RC wall.


Conclusion

From this site visit activity, I had a chance to experience the real working space

and be in construction environment. Working in construction site is much more

different and more difficult with the hot weather condition and high risk rate. I also

learnt something that I cannot gain during lecturer class. I learnt the importance

of safety which is the basic of construction. Furthermore, I manage to explain,

describe and understand the process of constructing pad footing and what

materials and machinery needed to construct this foundation. It also helps me to

prepare myself to be a future quantity surveyor and helps me in study especially

in taking off list process as I understand the process of construction. In a

conclusion, this is a great experience for me to improving my knowledge.

The workers are preparing the formwork.

site report

Education